Search

Previous studies with the eye-tracking technology have predominantly tracked eye parameters in response to a single simple stimulus, and have generated interesting but inconsistent results in research on deceptive behavior. The present study analyzed visual patterns in response to a complex image, to investigate potential differences in eye gaze and fixation between guilty versus innocent, and honest versus dishonest participants. One hundred and sixty participants were assigned to one of four experimental groups, defined by the parameters of honesty (dishonesty) and guilt (innocence), and asked to complete a computer-based task, looking at neutral and target images (i.e., images of the mock crime scene). RealEye software was used to capture participants’ eye movements when viewing the images. The findings revealed significant differences in eye movements between the four experimental groups. Dishonest and guilty participants recorded fewer and shorter fixations in the area of the image where the crime took place than those who entered the crime scene but did not commit the crime. No differences between groups emerged in the visual patterns in response to neutral images, confirming that the number and duration of fixations in response to the target images may be attributed to the experimental condition.

Different forms of deception can be applied to hide one's true intentions; this faking can take various forms, depending on the deceiver's aim(s): faking bad or faking good. Since 25-45% of behaviors are deceptive in a legal setting, detecting these efforts has become a priority. With this aim, the development of objective and effective tools has increased considerably. Starting with the first polygraph created by Vittorio Benussi in 1914 to nowadays through the implementation of Artificial Intelligence, we will explore the lie detection techniques that have followed over the years., Medicina nei secoli: Journal of history of medicine and medical humanities, Vol. 34 No. 2 (2022)

ILQA-19 is a longitudinal qualitative case study. It investigates the social consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on older people’s well-being and everyday life. It is conducted on a purposive sample of 40 older men and women aged between 65 and 80 living in the ten villages (located in the Northern part of Italy) that experienced the first lockdown in Europe. The first wave of the data collection was conducted in spring 2020, during the first lockdown, using semi-structured video-interviews. Wave 1 interview explores changes occurred in older people’s everyday life, the role of social relationships and social media use during the lockdown, and the impact of the lockdown on older people’s well-being. In particular, the research intends: - analyse the representations of the elderly regarding the redefinition of the "new" everyday life; - explore how changes in relationship networks (intra/intergenerational links within and outside the family network) and in support and care systems have affected the well-being of the elderly; - reconstruct the strategies and resources adopted by the elderly to adapt to the new everyday life, also with reference to the role of "social technologies" and the changes in their use; - collect their views on the measures taken by the institutions, especially on the relationship between health policies and respect for the principles of active ageing., Analysis Unit: individualUniverse: Residents in the municipalities covered by the research aged 65 to 80 yearsSample Procedure: 40 individuals. Snowball samplingWeight: No weight usedCollection Mode: face to face interview

Obiettivo principale di questa ricerca è stata l’analisi delle transizioni all’età adulta di giovani uomini e donne italiani, la cui soggettività sconfina rispetto agli standard della cornice eterosessuale ed eteronormativa. Ciò è parte di un fenomeno più ampio: la trasformazione delle traiettorie giovanili all’età adulta. In questo lavoro di ricerca, sono stati presi in considerazione sia i condizionamenti strutturali sia i posizionamenti soggettivi, focalizzandosi sul loro intreccio alla luce delle esperienze dei giovani indagati. A guidare questa ricerca, una prospettiva post-strutturalista focalizzata alla decostruzione delle identità sessuali e sulla relazione di queste con le categorie legate alle traiettorie giovanili. Sulla base di queste premesse, il lavoro di campo si è composto sia di una fase di osservazione partecipante sia della raccolta di 40 interviste narrative di giovani uomini e donne non eterosessuali tra i 27 e 34 anni, all’interno delle due aree metropolitane di Cagliari e Milano. Come si è potuto osservare, l’intersezione tra giovinezza, adultità, è soggettività sessuali si è rivelata mutualmente costitutiva. Il ruolo di un’identità sessuale non normativa, unitamente alle sue principali componenti, gioca un ruolo significativo sulla costruzione del proprio Sé adulto. The main purpose of this research has been to examine the transition to adulthood of young Italian men and women whose subjectivities stand outside the heterosexual and heteronormative framework. This part of a more general phenomenon: the transformation of youth trajectories. Both the structural conditions and the subjective positioning and experiences that subsequently arise have been taken into consideration. This research endeavour follows a post-structuralist perspective, focused on the deconstruction of sexual identities and on its relation with the social categories related to youth trajectories. On these premises, a narrative approach has guided the empirical research, with the conduction of both participant observation and 40 narrative interviews with non heterosexual men and women aged 27 to 34 years old, within the two metropolitan areas of Cagliari and Milan. As analysed, the intersection between youth, adulthood, and sexual subjectivities has proven to be mutually constitutive. The role of a non-normative sexuality identity and its main components play a significant role upon the construction of an adult Self.

The Health in All Policies strategy aims to engage every policy domain in health promotion. The more socially disadvantaged groups are usually more affected by potential negative impacts of policies if they are not health oriented. The built environment represents an important policy domain and, apart from its housing component, its impact on health inequalities is seldom assessed. Methods: A scoping review of evidence on the built environment and its health equity impact was carried out, searching both urban and medical literature since 2000 analysing socio-economic inequalities in relation to different components of the built environment. Results: The proposed explanatory framework assumes that key features of built environment (identified as density, functional mix and public spaces and services), may influence individual health through their impact on both natural environment and social context, as well as behaviours, and that these effects may be unequally distributed according to the social position of individuals. Conclusion: In general, the expected links proposed by the framework are well documented in the literature; however, evidence of their impact on health inequalities remains uncertain due to confounding factors, heterogeneity in study design, and difficulty to generalize evidence that is still very embedded to local contexts

SOPHIE is a collaborative research project, coordinated by Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, that has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (Grant Agreement 278173) from November 2011 to October 2015. More information: www.sophie-project.eu