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BRS FC310 is a semi-early common bean cultivar (mean cycle of 80 days) and features moderate resistance to the major diseases in the common bean crop. It has moderate resistance to anthracnose, rust, common bacterial blight, and bacterial wilt. In addition, it has upright plant architecture and excellent grain commercial and nut ritional quality. Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-01T14:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fpbj.pdf: 5955402 bytes, checksum: b2de695762225ab893b509cad9bf4b7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

BRS FS308 is a common bean cultivar with beans of the light red kidney commercial group for farmers interested in production for export. BRS FS308 has 100-seed weight of 55 grams, semi-early cycle, semi-upright plant architecture, good yield potential (3,001 kg ha-1), resistance to anthracnose, and moderate resistance to fusarium wilt. This cultivar is recommended for growing in the Central and South-Central regions of Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-01T15:04:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fpjb-2022.pdf: 1015487 bytes, checksum: 12bf773c3817f3dd2b38bcee91607c89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Genetic parameters to fruit quality of mango hybrids were estimated using a mixed model REM/BLUP. Twenty-seven hybrids (Tommy Atkins cross with Haden, Palmer, Van Dyke, Kent and Coquinho) were evaluated, in two crop seasons. Physical and chemical traits analyzed were weight, longitudinal length, transverse diameter, fiber presence, pulp firmness, skin and pulp color, fibers presence titratable acidity, and soluble solids (SS). Repeatability varying from 0.53 (SS) to 0.89 (diameter). Selective Accuracy (Acm) based on average harvests varying from 0.73 (SS) to 0.94 (weight, length, and diameter). According to selection gain and the new averages the most promising hybrids were selected. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-05T13:22:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Estimation-of-Genetic-Parameters-and-Prediction-of-Breeding-Values-for-Fruit-Quality-2022.pdf: 904941 bytes, checksum: 0136036aee0669733bf4180d81522c13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

A proteção de novas variedades vegetais é pouco explorada pela literatura, embora seja fundamental ao agronegócio. Estudos sobre essa modalidade de propriedade intelectual são relevantes para sua melhor compreensão. Assim, o artigo analisa a proteção, o registro para a produção e comercialização e a transferência de tecnologia das cultivares de aveia da UFRGS a partir de estudo de caso do Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Aveia da Universidade. Como resultados, verifica-se que os melhoramentos da aveia contribuíram para a adaptação às condições de clima e ao solo brasileiro, a precocidade do ciclo de plantio, o maior rendimento e a qualidade industrial. Quanto à proteção e ao registro das cultivares, observa-se que as rotinas estão consolidadas pelos próprios melhoristas do Programa. Na área de transferência de tecnologia, contudo, identificam-se possibilidades de atuação em prospecção tecnológica, inteligência competitiva e delineamento de ações de marketing comercial para a divulgação das cultivares. The protection of new varieties of plants is poorly explored in the literature, although it is fundamental to agribusiness. Studies about this modality of intellectual property are relevant for its better understanding. Thus, the article analyzes protection, registration for the production and commercialization and technology transfer of UFRGS oat varieties, based on a case study of the University’s Oat Breeding Program. As a results, it can be verified that the oats breeding contributed to the adaptation to the Brazilian climate and soil conditions, the precocity of the planting cycle, the highest yield and the industrial quality. Regarding the protection and the varieties’ registration, it is observed that the routines are consolidated by the own Program’s breeders. In the area of technology transfer, however, possibilities for action in technological prospecting, competitive intelligence and the design of commercial marketing actions for the dissemination of cultivars are identified.

Precision silviculture is being developed to manage and improve Calophyllum brasiliense, a tree species associated with wet and swampy soils. This study estimated genetic parameters for growth traits in response to soil resistance as an auxiliary tool for identifying and selecting progenies adapted to water-saturated soils. This was undertaken in a progeny test of C. brasiliense in which 1,200 seedlings grown from seeds collected from a natural population were planted in a randomized complete block design for single-tree plots. Genetic statistical analysis was conducted using the REML/BLUP method. Significant differences (p

The interference caused by volunteer plants dispersed after harvest can cause economic losses to growers. This work aims to identify the competitive ability and the economic threshold level of maize hybrids in different densities of volunteer soybean. The experiment was carried out in the field, in a randomized blocks design, with one replication. The treatments were maize hybrids (NK 422 Vip3; NK 488 Vip3; Syn Supremo Vip3; Brevant 2A401 PWU; FS 481 PW; e FS 620 PWU) and 12 densities of volunteer soybean established for each hybrid, going from 0 to maximum of 130 plants m-2. At 30 days after emergence, were assessed the plant density (PD), soil cover (SC), leaf area (LA), and shot dry mass (SDM) of volunteer soybean plants. The maize hybrids NK 488 Vip3, Syn Supremo Vip3, and Brevant 2A401 PWU showed the highest competitive abilities that influenced economic threshold levels that ranged from 1,01 to 3,82 plants m-2. Thus, it concluded that volunteer soybean causes yield losses when infesting maize, and hybrids show different competitive abilities, being the economic threshold level directly influenced by these characteristics. RESUMO - A interferência ocasionada por plantas voluntárias, provenientes de sementes perdidas após à colheita, podem ocasionar prejuízos econômicos aos agricultores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a habilidade competitiva e o nível de dano econômico de híbridos de milho na presença de diferentes densidades de soja voluntária. O experimento foi conduzido a campo, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com uma repetição. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos híbridos de milho (NK 422 Vip3; NK 488 Vip3; Syn Supremo Vip3; Brevant 2A401 PWU; FS 481 PW; e FS 620 PWU) e 12 densidades de soja voluntária estabelecidas para cada híbrido, saindo de 0 ao máximo de 130 plantas m-2. Aos 30 dias após a emergência, efetuou-se a quantificação da densidade de plantas (DP), cobertura de solo (CS), área foliar (AF) e massa seca da parte aérea (MS) das plantas voluntárias de soja. Os híbridos de milho NK 488 Vip3, Syn Supremo Vip3 e Brevant 2A401 PWU apresentam as maiores habilidades competitivas o que refletiu em NDE que variou de 1,01 a 3,82 plantas m-2. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que a soja voluntária ocasiona perdas de produtividade ao infestar o milho, sendo que os híbridos apresentam habilidades competitivas diferenciadas e o NDE é influenciado diretamente por estas características. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-11T13:19:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Interference-and-economic-threshold-level-of-transgenic.pdf: 840122 bytes, checksum: eff107473609596cbf8600e4dbf6f3db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Embrapa has led breeding programs for irrigated and upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) since 1977, generating a large amount of pedigree and phenotypic data. However, there were no systematic standards for data recording nor long-term data preservation and reuse strategies. With the new aim of making data reuse practical, we recovered all data available and structured it into the Embrapa Rice Breeding Dataset (ERBD). In its current version, the ERBD includes 20,504 crosses involving 9,974 parents, the pedigrees of most of the 4,532 inbred lines that took part in advanced field trials, and phenotypic data from 2,711 field trials (1,118 irrigated, 1,593 upland trials), representing 226,458 field plots. Those trials were conducted over 38 years (1982-2019), in 247 locations, in latitudes ranging from 3°N to 33°S. Phenotypic traits included grain yield, days to flowering, plant height, canopy lodging, and five important fungal diseases: leaf blast, panicle blast, brown spot, leaf scald, and grain discoloration. The total number of data points surpasses 1.27 million. Descriptive statistics were computed over the dataset, split by cropping systems (irrigated or upland). The mean heritability of grain yield was high for both systems, at around .7, whereas the mean coefficient of variation was 13.9% for irrigated trials and 18.7% for upland trials. The ERBD offers the possibility of conducting studies on different aspects of rice breeding and genetics, including genetic gain, G×E analysis, genome-wide association studies and genomic prediction. Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-30T12:00:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cropscience-2021.pdf: 1682169 bytes, checksum: e47084fb3060926dd37ca8419b8936da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Introduction: Spondias tuberosa is a tree endemic to the semiarid region of Brazil with fruticulture potential. Objective: To estimate the diversity and genetic structure of S. tuberosa accessions from four areas of the semiarid region of Brazil, in order to facilitate conservation genetic resources studies in this species. Methods: DNA was extracted, using the CTAB 2x method, from leaf samples of 24 accessions of S. tuberosa available in the germplasm bank at Embrapa Semiárido, Brazil. Ten microsatellite loci were used in this study. Results: The UPGMA dendrogram, generated with a Jaccard coefficient similarity matrix, contains four groups at a 0.44 cutoff point. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.30 to 0.84, indicating great divergence among the accessions. A Bayesian analysis conducted with the software Structure suggests there are two subpopulations, one formed by accessions from the Januária region and another by accessions from the Juazeiro, Uauá and Petrolina regions. The ΦST value of 0.12 for the analysis of molecular variance indicates moderate genetic differentiation among the four populations, suggesting that the genetic variability is moderately structured in function of region. Conclusions: Together, the analyses indicate that the genetic diversity of S. tuberosa is not uniformly distributed in the studied regions. Thus, germplasm from a greater number of populations should be collected to increase the germplasm bank genetic diversity of the species. Resumen Introducción: Spondias tuberosa es un árbol endémico de la región semiárida de Brasil con potencial frutícola. Objetivo: Estimar la diversidad y caracterizar la estructura genética de accesiones de S. tuberosa en cuatro áreas del semiárido brasileño, para así facilitar estudios de conservación de recursos genéticos de esta especie. Metodología: El ADN fue extraído utilizando el método CTAB 2x a partir de muestras de hojas de 24 accesiones de S. tuberosa disponibles en el banco de germoplasma de Embrapa Semiárido, Brasil. Diez loci de microsatélites fueron usados en este estudio. Resultados: El dendrograma UPGMA generado con una matriz de similitud de coeficientes de Jaccard, formó cuatro grupos con punto de corte en 0.44. El coeficiente de similitud osciló entre 0.30 y 0.84, indicando una gran divergencia entre las accesiones. El análisis Bayesiano realizado en el software Structure sugiere la existencia de dos subpoblaciones, una formada por las accesiones de la región de Januária y otra derivada de las regiones de Juazeiro, Uauá y Petrolina. El valor de ΦST de 0.12 derivado del análisis molecular de la varianza indica moderada variación genética entre las cuatro poblaciones, sugiriendo que la variabilidad genética se estructura moderadamente en función de la región. Conclusiones: Los análisis en conjunto indican que la diversidad genética de S. tuberosa no se encuentra distribuida uniformemente en las regiones estudiadas. Por lo tanto, se debe recolectar germoplasma de un mayor número de poblaciones para aumentar la diversidad genética del banco actual de la especie.

This study aimed to evaluate the Mangaba Genebank of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Brazil, since its implementation in 2006 and characterize the accessions in the reproductive stage. We used 21 descriptors (botanical, morphological, growth, biometric, and physicochemical) to assess mangaba germplasm, as well as the data of enrichment and survival since the genebank implementation. There was a success in the enrichment, maintenance, and diversity of the germplasm evaluated. The results showed a significant difference between the accessions for most descriptors. The fruits presented good quality characteristics both for fresh consumption and processing. Moreover, these results supported the publication of the minimum descriptors for this species by Bioversity International and Embrapa. The knowledge of mangaba variability will subsidize conservation strategies and should encourage future researches on breeding.

This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic behavior of 22 cacao half-sib families over 3 years, considering the yield components and resistance to the fruit borer and witches' broom. The characteristics were interpreted using analysis of variance with a split-plot model, with the effects of families on the plot and years on the subplot. Estimates of genetic parameters and the non-parametric Lin–Binns test were used to quantify adaptability and stability. The results indicated a high genetic variability among the evaluated progenies. The progenies AM 1090, AM 1066, AM 1070, AM 1077, and AM 1085 showed better adaptability and stability over the years in terms of yield. AM 1068, AM 1081, AM 1091, AM 1095, and AM 1097 exhibited better performance for witches' broom resistance, whereas AM 1077, AM 1081, AM 1085, AM 1088, and AM 1112 exhibited better performance for fruit borer resistance., El objetivo comprendió la evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de 22 familias de medios hermanos de cacao, considerando componentes de producción y resistencia a la broca del fruta (Fbroc) y resistencia a la escoba de bruja (Fvass). Las características se interpretaron utilizando el análisis de varianza en un modelo de parcela dividida, con los efectos de las familias en la parcela y los años en la subparcela. Para cuantificar la adaptabilidad y la estabilidad, se interpretaron estimaciones de parámetros genéticos y la prueba no paramétrica de Lin Binns. Los resultados indican una alta variabilidad genética entre las progenies evaluadas. Las progenies AM 1090, AM 1066, AM 1070, AM 1077 y AM 1085 mostraron una mejor adaptabilidad y estabilidad a lo largo de los años para la productividad. Las progenies AM 1068, AM 1081, AM 1091, AM 1095 y AM 1097 tuvieron mejores rendimientos para la resistencia a la escoba de bruja, mientras que AM 1077, AM 1081, AM 1085, AM 1088 y AM 1112, para la resistencia a la broca del fruta., O objetivo desde trabalho compreendeu a avaliação do comportamento agronômico de 22 famílias de meios-irmãos de cacaueiro, considerando componentes de produção e resistência a coleobroca-dos-frutos (Fbroc) e resistência à vassoura-de-bruxa (Fvass). As características foram interpretadas utilizando a análise de variância em modelo de parcela subdividida, com os efeitos de famílias na parcela e anos na subparcela. Para quantificar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade foram interpretadas as estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e o teste não paramétrico de Lin Binns. Os resultados indicam elevada variabilidade genética entre as progênies avaliadas. As progênies AM 1090, AM 1066, AM 1070, AM 1077 e AM 1085 apresentaram melhor adaptabilidade e estabilidade ao longo dos anos para a produtividade. As progênies AM 1068, AM 1081, AM 1091, AM 1095 e AM 1097 tiveram melhores desempenhos para resistência à vassoura-de-bruxa, enquanto AM 1077, AM 1081, AM 1085, AM 1088 e AM 1112, para a resistência à coleobroca-dos-frutos.

he aims of this study were to investigate the genetic variability and the genotype × environment interaction for quality and yield traits in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), to evaluate the degree of informativeness of the evaluations of grain quality in only one environment, to estimate genetic parameters for grain quality traits, and to select lines with superior grain quality. We evaluated 81 carioca common bean lines in preliminary line trials in several environments for nutritional, technological, and commercial quality and selected the 20 superior lines, which were evaluated in validation trials in nine environments. Individual and combined ANOVAs were performed for all the traits. Correlations were estimated between Fe and Zn concentrations and yield; adaptability and phenotypic stability were analyzed; and superior genotypes were selected based on the Mulamba & Mock index. It is possible to increase the Fe, Zn, and crude protein concentrations and reduce cooking time; however, increasing crude fiber is a challenge. Preliminary evaluation of the quality traits in only one environment was effective and sufficient for selection of genotypes superior in Fe concentration, crude fiber, crude protein, and cooking time; and genetic gains can be obtained from selection for these traits. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were observed between Fe and Zn concentrations. The lines CNFC 16627, CNFC 16518, CNFC 16602, CNFC 16615, and CNFC 16520 are superior based on the selection index and are recommended for breeding for grain quality in carioca common bean. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-10T15:05:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cs.pdf: 249903 bytes, checksum: ef9f181f778db91831b3f000202db229 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

A multiparental random mating population used in sorghum breeding is amenable for the detection of QTLs related to tropical soil adaptation, fine mapping of underlying genes and genomic selection approaches. Tropical soils where low phosphorus (P) and aluminum (Al) toxicity limit sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production are widespread in the developing world. We report on BRP13R, a multiparental random mating population (MP-RMP), which is commonly used in sorghum recurrent selection targeting tropical soil adaptation. Recombination dissipated much of BRP13R’s likely original population structure and average linkage disequilibrium (LD) persisted up to 2.5 Mb, establishing BRP13R as a middle ground between biparental populations and sorghum association panels. Genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) identified conserved QTL from previous studies, such as for root morphology and grain yield under low-P, and indicated the importance of dominance in the genetic architecture of grain yield. By overlapping consensus QTL regions, we mapped two candidate P efficiency genes to a ~ 5 Mb region on chromosomes 6 (ALMT) and 9 (PHO2). Remarkably, we find that only 200 progeny genotyped with ~ 45,000 markers in BRP13R can lead to GWAS-based positional cloning of naturally rare, subpopulation-specific alleles, such as for SbMATE-conditioned Al tolerance. Genomic selection was found to be useful in such MP-RMP, particularly if markers in LD with major genes are fitted as fixed effects into GBLUP models accommodating dominance. Shifts in allele frequencies in progeny contrasting for grain yield indicated that intermediate to minor-effect genes on P efficiency, such as SbPSTOL1 genes, can be employed in pre-breeding via allele mining in the base population. Therefore, MP-RMPs such as BRP13R emerge as multipurpose resources for efficient gene discovery and deployment for breeding sorghum cultivars adapted to tropical soils.

The São Francisco Valley is the main producing region of table grape in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and physicochemical characteristics of 14 seedless table grape genotypes to select those with potential to be used in commercial crops in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil, or as parents in breeding programs. The experiment was carried out over five crop seasons (2014 to 2018), in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The treatments consisted of 14 seedless table grape genotypes. The results showed significant effects for all variables evaluated. The highest estimated yield per production cycle were found for ?Marroo Seedless? (26.5 t·ha-1), ?BRS Linda? (26.4 t·ha-1), ?CNPUV 23? (24.9 t·ha-1), ?A1105? (24.3 t·ha-1),and ?A Dona? (20.2 t·ha-1). Soluble solid (SS) content varied from 13.35 ºBrix (?CNPUV 23?) to 21.63 ºBrix (?A Dona?). The titratable acidity (TA) of the genotypes varied from 0.27 g·100 mL-1 (?CNPUV 23?) to 0.72 g·100 mL-1 (?Crimson Seedless?). Principal component analysis showed that the first three principal components explained 81.9% of the data variance, and grouped the best genotypes for production components and fruit chemical composition on different sides of the X-axis. These results allowed the identification of a group of seedless grape cultivars that can be used for commercial crops or as parents for controlled crossings in a local table grape breeding program. Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-03T02:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agronomic-performance-of-seedless-table-grape-2020.pdf: 188872 bytes, checksum: f8679acabb76e52a09e577afd1ea2173 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Genomic selection has been implemented in several plant and animal breeding programs and it has proven to improve efficiency and maximize genetic gains. Phenotypic data of grain yield was measured in 147 maize (Zea mays L.) singlecross hybrids at 12 environments. Single-cross hybrids genotypes were inferred based on their parents (inbred lines) via single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Factor analytic multiplicative genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) models, in the framework of multienvironment trials, were used to predict grain yield performance of unobserved tropical maize single-cross hybrids. Predictions were performed for two situations: untested hybrids (CV1), and hybrids evaluated in some environments but missing in others (CV2). Models that borrowed information across individuals through genomic relationships and within individuals across environments presented higher predictive accuracy than those models that ignored it. For these models, predictive accuracies were up to 0.4 until eight environments were considered as missing for the validation set, which represents 67% of missing data for a given hybrid. These results highlight the importance of including genotype-by-environment interactions and genomic relationship information for boosting predictions of tropical maize single-cross hybrids for grain yield. Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-22T09:02:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Boosting-predictive.pdf: 1139997 bytes, checksum: 641636e15f14edc0b42f567b080ea4de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The objective of this paper was to estimate the effect of either missing or dominated plants (those that developed poorly) in experiments evaluating progenies or clones of Eucalyptus. Additionally, it was to investigate whether the use of the area available per plant is a suitable strategy to mitigate the effect of missing plants. Lastly, it was to evaluate whether missing or dominated plants in the experiments affected the association between plant performance in a progeny trial (PT) and their respective clones in a clonal trial (CT). Five 5-year-old PTs and four 3-year-old CTs were used. The recorded trait was diameter at breast height (DBH). The area available per plant was used to carry out the adjustment, taking into consideration the absence of neighboring plants as well as dominated plants. It was found that with the level of missing plants below 20% in experiments, the adjustment using the area available per plant did not improve the efficiency of the selection of either PTs or CTs. The strategy of considering not only missing plants but also dominated plants is not beneficial for the adjustment.

Legume species are an important source of protein and other nutrients for human and livestock consumption, playing a central role in food security. Besides, legumes benefit agriculture because of their ability to establish symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, providing nitrogen for subsequent crops, which is very much appreciated for sustainable agricultural practices. However, like other food crops, legumes are highly vulnerable to climate variations, water stresses being the main constraint that negatively affects both crop quality and productivity. Because of this, the development of strategies to improve the tolerance of such cultivars against water stresses, as well as the study of effective approaches to monitor these improvements, have gained special attention during the last years. Among these strategies, metabolomics has been considered one of the most promising approaches for the detection and/or quantification of primary and secondary stress-responsive metabolites in abiotic stresses. In plant science, many research groups have been using metabolomics to evaluate the success of genetic modifications by the analysis of chemical markers that can be altered in breeding programs. In addition, metabolomics is a powerful tool for the evaluation and selection of wild specimens with desirable traits that can be used in the development of improved new cultivars. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to review the recent progress made in the field of metabolomics and plant breeding, especially concerning the adaptive responses of legume species to abiotic stresses as well as to point out the key primary and secondary metabolites involved in the adaptation and sensing mechanisms.

Root-knot disease is among the main diseases affecting coffee crop. The plant selection to the development new resistant cultivars is among one the most efficient methods of control. The present work aimed to quantify the resistance responses of Coffea canephora clones to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in the Western Amazon. For this, 17 previously selected clones were evaluated in three experimental trials, carried out in the municipalities of Ji-Paraná and Porto Velho, Rondônia. The resistance to root-knot nematodes M. incognita were evaluated by the numbers of gall in the roots (NG) and by the reproductive factor (RF). The resistance response was also interpreted according the genetic diversity of the clones based in their morphological traits. The clones BRS3210, C12, BRS2314, BRS3137 and BRS1216 are resistant to M. incognita with RF of 0.34, 0.62, 0.79, 0.86 and 0.98, respectively. BRS3213, C125, C15, BRS2336, BRS3220 and C09 clones were classified as susceptible, with RF of 1.93, 1.95, 2.00, 2.31, 2.32 and 2.35. The BRS3193, C160 and BRS2357 clones were classified as very susceptible, with RF values of 3.03, 4.41 and 5.82, respectively. The clustering based on the genetic diversity of morphological traits indicated that genotypes more similar to the Robusta botanic variety had lower RF. The hybrid plants showed intermediate degrees of resistance indicating the segregation for the character of the M. incognita resistance. The clones BRS3210, C12, BRS2299, BRS2314, BRS3137 and BRS1216 expressed resistance responses to M. incognita with potential for growing resistant genotypes in the Western Amazon. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-10T04:39:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ART20076.pdf: 627359 bytes, checksum: 575abca4a6b9678f2ba13c0f95bdfd84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Cultivar BRS A706 CL is a new rice cultivar, resistant to herbicides of the chemical group of imidazolinones, with a yield potential of 15,635 kg ha-1. It has intermediate maturation, lodging tolerance, the stay green trait, moderate rice blast resistance, a high milling yield and premium grain quality. Made available in DSpace on 2022-10-24T05:53:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cbab-2022.pdf: 721502 bytes, checksum: bb1ff829a927b9315ef2fdc5162ed310 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 Cultivar release.

The development of efficient methods for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) between quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genetic values is extremely important to animal and plant breeding programs. Bayesian approaches that aim to select regions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) proved to be efficient, indicating genes with important effects. Among the selection criteria for SNPs or regions, selection criterion by percentage of variance can be explained by genomic regions (%var), selection of tag SNPs, and selection based on the window posterior probability of association (WPPA). To also detect potentially associated regions, we proposed measuring posterior probability of the interval PPint), which aims to select regions based on the markers of greatest effects. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate these approaches, in terms of efficiency in selecting and identifying markers or regions located within or close to genes associated with traits. This study also aimed to compare these methodologies with single-marker analyses. To accomplish this, simulated data were used in six scenarios, with SNPs allocated in non?overlapping genomic regions. Considering traits with oligogenic inheritance, WPPA criterion followed by %var and PPint criteria were shown to be superior, presenting higher values of detection power, capturing higher percentages of genetic variance and larger areas. For traits with polygenic inheritance, PPint and WPPA criteria were considered superior. Single?marker analyses identified SNPs associated only in oligogenic inheritance scenarios and was lower than the other criteria. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-19T15:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 evaluation-of-bayesian-methods.pdf: 225633 bytes, checksum: 884b434513d82771927b421541a77455 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

This study aimed to test nonparametric selection indexes for selection of advanced potato clones and identification of those that are likely to become cultivars. The experiments were carried out in 2016 and 2017 crop seasons, from May to August, in the experimental field of Embrapa Vegetables. Seventeen advanced potato clones and two check cultivars (Agata and Asterix) were evaluated. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Experimental plots consisted of a 3 m row, with 10 tubers spaced 30 cm apart within and 80 cm between rows. At 115 days after planting, tubers of each plot were harvested, classified, counted and weighed. Analysis of variance was performed and the following nonparametric selection indexes were applied: weight-free index, sum of ranks index and distance of the genotype-ideotype index. The three selection indexes coincided with the choice of the best genotypes, with the first two being superior, because the weight-free index was more restrictive than the other indexes. Among the selected clones, F97-07-08 and F183-08-01 stood out for being coincident in the three indexes. In addition to these, clones F158-08-01 and F18-09-03 were also selected by the indexes of the genotype-ideotype and sum of ranks. RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivos testar índices não paramétricos na seleção de clones avançados de batata e identificar clones promissores para poderem ser lançados como cultivares. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos meses de maio a agosto dos anos 2016 e 2017, no setor de campos experimentais da Embrapa Hortaliças. Foram avaliados 17 clones avançados de batata e duas cultivares testemunha (Agata e Asterix). O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As parcelas experimentais foram constituídas por uma linha de 3 m de comprimento, com 10 tubérculos espaçados de 30 cm entre si, e distância de 80 cm entre sulcos. Aos 115 dias após o plantio, foi realizada a colheita e os tubérculos foram classificados, contados e pesados. Após análise de variância, foram aplicados os seguintes índices de seleção não paramétricos: livre de pesos e parâmetros, soma de ranks e distância do genótipo-ideótipo. Os três índices de seleção foram coincidentes na escolha dos melhores genótipos, mas os dois primeiros foram superiores, pois o índice livre de pesos e parâmetros foi mais restritivo que os demais. Entre os clones selecionados, F97-07-08 e F183-08-01 se destacaram por serem coincidentes nos três índices. Além desses, os clones F158-08-01 e F18-09-03 também foram selecionados pelos índices da menor distância do genótipo-ideótipo e soma dos ranks.

The Fisher?s infinitesimal model is traditionally used in quantitative genetics and genomic selection, and it attributes most genetic variance to additive variance. Recently, the dominance maximization model was proposed and it prioritizes the dominance variance based on alternative parameterizations. In this model, the additive effects at the locus level are introduced into the model after the dominance variance is maximized. In this study, the new parameterizations of additive and dominance effects on quantitative genetics and genomic selection were evaluated and compared with the parameterizations traditionally applied using the genomic best linear unbiased prediction method. As the parametric relative magnitude of the additive and dominance effects vary with allelic frequencies of populations, we considered different minor allele frequencies to compare the relative magnitudes. We also proposed and evaluated two indices that combine the additive and dominance variances estimated by both models. The dominance maximization model, along with the two indices, offers alternatives to improve the estimates of additive and dominance variances and their respective proportions and can be successfully used in genetic evaluation. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-19T16:00:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 evaluation-of-a-new-additive.pdf: 725842 bytes, checksum: 2c26fbbce6a08e566a87f91bb64eca59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

‘BRS F183’ (Potira) is a late-maturing and red skin potato cultivar, suitable for French fry processing, due to tuber high dry matter content of long oval shape, large size, light yellow flesh, and light fry color. It is also suitable for the fresh market due to its attractive tubers of intense red color, smooth skin and shallow eyes. In six trials, ‘BRS F183’ showed average tuber yields that did not differ from ‘Asterix’. The marketable yield was relatively high, reaching 98.5% in the tropical ecosystem. Larger tubers of ‘BRS F183’ than ‘Asterix’ were also observed in the autumn crop of the subtropical ecosystem. In most of the trials, the dry matter content was higher than that of ‘Asterix’, varying from 20.5 to 23.0%. A very low incidence of tuber disorders was observed in ‘BRS F183’, with the secondary growth lower than ‘Asterix’. ‘BRS F183’ presented medium tuber dormancy. Tuber glucose content suitable for French fry processing (≤1.2 mg g-1 of fresh mass) was shown by ‘BRS F183’ after harvest and storage at 7.5°C, 8.9°C and 20°C for up to 180 days, while ‘Asterix’ was suitable up to 120 days after storage at 8.9ºC. ‘BRS F183’ is moderately resistant to early blight and moderately susceptible to late blight. It is susceptible to PVY, PLRV, and root-knot nematode. Field observations indicate that resistance/susceptibility to soft rot, black scurf, and bacterial wilt of ‘BRS F183’ is not different from the main cultivars grown in the country. However, higher susceptibility to common scab was shown in some validation tests. ‘BRS F183’ was released in 2020 by Embrapa, as a product of the breeding program developed by Embrapa Temperate Agriculture and Embrapa Vegetables. RESUMO ‘BRS F183’ (Potira) é uma cultivar de batata de maturidade tardia e película vermelha, adequada ao processamento de palitos pré-fritos, devido ao alto teor de matéria seca dos tubérculos de formato ovalado longo, tamanho grande, polpa amarela clara e coloração clara de fritura. Também é indicada para o mercado fresco devido a seus tubérculos atrativos de cor vermelha intensa, película lisa e olhos rasos. Em seis ensaios, ‘BRS F183’ apresentou rendimentos de tubérculos que não diferiram de ‘Asterix’. O rendimento comercial foi relativamente alto, chegando a 98,5% no ecossistema tropical. Tubérculos maiores da ‘BRS F183’ que ‘Asterix’ foram também observados na safra de outono do ecossistema subtropical. Na maioria dos ensaios, o teor de matéria seca foi superior ao da ‘Asterix’, variando de 20,5 a 23,0%. Baixa incidência de desordens dos tuberculos foi observada na ‘BRS F183’, com o crescimento secundário menor que ‘Asterix’. ‘BRS F183’ apresentou dormência média dos tubérculos. Teor de glicose dos tubérculos adequado para processamento de palitos pré-fritos (≤1,2 mg g-1 de massa fresca) foi apresentado pela ‘BRS F183’, após a colheita e armazenamento a 7,5°C, 8,9°C e 20°C por até 180 dias, enquanto de ‘Asterix’ foi adequado até 120 dias após armazenamento a 8,9°C. ‘BRS F183’ é moderadamente resistente à pinta preta e moderadamente suscetível à requeima. É suscetível a PVY, PLRV e nematóide das galhas. Observações de campo indicam que a resistência/suscetibilidade à podridão mole, crosta preta e murcha bacteriana da ‘BRS F183’ não é diferente das principais cultivares cultivadas no país. No entanto, maior suscetibilidade à sarna comum foi observada em alguns testes de validação. ‘BRS F183’ foi lançada em 2020 pela Embrapa, como produto do programa de melhoramento desenvolvido pela Embrapa Clima Temperado e Embrapa Hortaliças.

BRS A502 is an upland rice cultivar with a medium cycle, high resistance to lodging, superior yield potential and grains of excellent industrial and cooking quality. The cultivar is indicated for crop rotation and succession in areas under intensive agriculture in the main field crop regions of Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-26T12:09:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cbap-2022.pdf: 472646 bytes, checksum: 803fd6a50e371879e6cca50c1e7541be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 Cultivar release.

The remaining populations of perennial cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. marie-galante Hutch.) that occur in northeastern Brazil are part of the primary gene pool for the creation of modern upland cotton cultivars. Therefore, we present fiber technological properties, genetic diversity and population structure analysis of four populations of G. hirsutum L. r. marie-galante from Para&305;´ba state in Brazil, using the High-Volume Instrument (HVI) analytical system and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) polymorphic loci, respectively. The fiber technological properties differed between populations. The average length, resistance, micronaire index, maturity index and count-strength-product of the populations are consistent with the fiber quality traits present in commercial upland cotton cultivars. The populations showed low levels of total (HT= 0.1305) and intrapopulation (HS = 0.0806) genetic diversity, besides high genetic differentiation (GST= 0.3824) and low indirect gene flow (Nm = 0.875) and are structured in two gene clusters by Bayesian inference. The positive relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance using the Mantel test (r=0.8364; p value=0.0038) suggests that genetic divergence among populations can be explained by spatial isolation. This information can support genetic conservation and the valuation of these populations for cotton breeding programs. Made available in DSpace on 2022-10-04T19:40:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MULTI-LEVEL-CHARACTERIZATION-11.pdf: 358060 bytes, checksum: 43c5d3ed482c4d03ae2e991c313d5dd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a predição sobre a variabilidade genética em procedências de O. bacaba do Estado do Pará por meio da análise multivariada aplicada em caracteres morfoagronômicos. Foram avaliados 18 caracteres, sendo três relativos à parte vegetativa, seis de cacho e nove de fruto, em 43 indivíduos do Estado do Pará. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de divergência genética entre os indivíduos pela distância Euclidiana, e os grupos formados por meio do método de ligação completa, e adicionalmente realizada a importância e descarte de caracteres por meio da análise dos componentes principais. A maior divergência dii?= 11,45, foi encontrada entre os indivíduos TS-22 proveniente de Terra Santa e BAI-8 do município de Baião. O agrupamento pelo método do vizinho mais distantes aplicado sobre a matriz de dissimilaridade permitiu a formação 6 grupos divergentes. O peso de cem frutos e o número de ráquilas por cacho se mostraram como os caracteres de maior contribuição para a divergência entres as procedências. Os quatro primeiros componentes principais absorveram 63,40% da variação acumulada, os caracteres de fruto e de cacho foram os responsáveis pela variação entre indivíduos, sendo possível descartar os caracteres maturação do cacho e espessura da polpa. Os indivíduos de O. bacaba das duas procedências do Pará estudadas apresentam considerável variação fenotípica para os caracteres morfoagronômicos estudados, principalmente os de fruto e de cacho, com os de Terra Santa sendo mais divergentes. Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-12T11:01:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27418-Article-320314-1-10-20220320.pdf: 945998 bytes, checksum: 360bdf300f152b8720f1d35f4afebfcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Plant breeding reduces the genetic diversity of plants and could influence the composition, structure, and diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome, selecting more homogeneous and specialized microbes. In this study, we used 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of different lines and modern cowpea cultivars, to investigate the effect of cowpea breeding on bacterial community assembly. Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-19T18:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GeneticallyRelatedGenotypesCowpeaSR12.2022.pdf: 3969211 bytes, checksum: e6aa59f5e56a237a0a51c50fc3548f5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

BRS Paranoá? was obtained by the carrot breeding program of Embrapa Hortaliças, aiming to obtain a cultivar adapted to most carrot-producing regions in an organic system. It was developed through selection of half-sib progenies and validated in Brazil. ?BRS Paranoá? is indicated for sowing in the spring/summer seasons especially because it displays high resistance to leaf blight caused by the fungal and bacterial association (Alternaria dauci, Cercospora carotae, and Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae) with defoliation between 20 to 25% at 100 days after planting (DAP), eliminating the need to control this disease with chemical pesticides. In addition, it shows high production stability and an outstanding production exceeding 32 t ha-1. ?BRS Paranoá? is an early maturity cultivar, and the harvest can be carried out from 85 DAP when the commercial roots range from 16 to 22 cm, 3 cm diameter, intense orange color, cylindrical shape, and no external or internal physiological defects. The postharvest quality was evaluated and the titratable acidity found was 0.20%, 6.9oBrix soluble solids, 78.40 μg g-1 total carotenoids, and 22.69 μg g-1 ß-carotene (provitamin A). ?BRS Paranoá? was registered and protected by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply and its seeds have been marketed by the main vegetable seeds companies in Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-12T19:20:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho-et-al-HB-v-40-p238-241-2022.pdf: 329261 bytes, checksum: a17181113a6f8427bd448caea93ea023 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The carrot is one of the most important and preferred vegetables in Brazil due to its versatility and nutritional significance, especially as a source of vitamins. The selection of carrot genotypes should consider several agronomically important characteristics to allow more suitable and balanced gains. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic gains in the carrot using different selection indices. Thirty-six carrot genotypes were evaluated in two experiments, the first conducted between 16 November 2017 and 1 March 2018, and the second between 5 March and 18 June 2018 in, Brasilia. Resumo: No Brasil, a cenoura é uma das hortaliças mais importantes por sua preferência, versatilidade e importância nutricional, principalmente como fonte de vitaminas. A seleção de genótipos de cenoura deve levar em consideração várias características de importância agronômica para permitir ganhos mais adequados e equilibrados. Assim, objetivou-se estimar os ganhos genéticos por diferentes índices de seleção em cenoura. Trinta e seis genótipos de cenoura foram avaliados em dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro conduzido entre 16 de novembro de 2017 e 01 de março de 2018, e o segundo entre 05 de março e 18 de junho de 2018, em Brasília-DF. Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-24T05:01:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Estimates-of-genetic-gains-in-the-carrot-using-different.pdf: 396172 bytes, checksum: 4c10f693385942af11d2a008cd8048d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 Artigo em inglês e português.

Iron and zinc deficiencies in humans can cause serious health problems. Increasing the iron (IC) and zinc (ZC) concentrations in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grains using genetic breeding can be an effective strategy to prevent these problems. Thus, the aims of this study were i) to investigate the importance of genetic, environmental, and genotype-by-environment interaction effects on IC and ZC in common bean grains; ii) to select cultivars that have high mean values and phenotypic stability for IC and ZC, as well as high protein concentration (PC), high yield, and standard commercial grain quality; and iii) to investigate whether there is a genetic relationship between these traits. A total of 34 cultivars were evaluated in 19 different environments. Genetic variability was observed among the genotypes for all traits. For IC and ZC, the environmental effect represented most of the total variation (63% and 65%, respectively), and the effect of the G × E interaction was 18% for IC and 15% for ZC. The genetic correlations between IC, ZC, and PC were positive, indicating that the selection of one of these traits resulted in gains for the other. The genetic correlations between IC or ZC with yield or 100-grain weight were low or intermediate, but negative, indicating that it is important to evaluate these traits at all stages of breeding programs that focus on developing cultivars with high IC and ZC. The cultivar BRS Sublime, with the carioca grain type, combined high IC, ZC, and PC, high yield, and grains of commercial size. A deficiência de ferro e zinco, em humanos, causam sérios problemas de saúde. O aumento da concentração de ferro (CFe) e concentração de zinco (CZn) em grãos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) por melhoramento genético pode ser uma estratégia eficaz para prevenir esses problemas. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram: i) verificar a importância do efeito genético, ambiental e da interação entre genótipos e ambientes para CFe e CZn, em grãos de feijão; ii) selecionar cultivares de feijoeiro-comum que associem altas médias e estabilidade fenotípica para CFe e CZn, além de alta concentração de proteína (CPt), alta produtividade e grãos com padrão comercial; iii) verificar se existe relação genética entre esses caracteres. Foram avaliadas 34 cultivares de feijão, em 19 ambientes. Houve variabilidade genética entre os genótipos para todos os caracteres. Para CFe e CZn, o efeito de ambientes representou a maior parte da variação total, 63% e 65%, respectivamente, o efeito de interação representou 18% para CFe e 15% para CZn. As correlações entre CFe, CZn e CPt foram positivas, o que indica que a seleção de um desses caracteres resulta em ganhos para o outro. As correlações entre CFe e CZn com produtividade e massa de 100 grãos, foram baixas ou intermediárias, mas negativas, o que indica a importância de avaliar esses caracteres em todas as fases do programa de melhoramento com foco no desenvolvimento de cultivares com altas CFe e CZn. A cultivar BRS Sublime, com grão tipo carioca, reuniu altas CFe, CZn, CPt, produtividade e grãos com tamanho comercial.

The common bean cultivar BRS FC409 has high-quality seeds of the commercial group carioca and increased iron, zinc and protein contents. It produces mean yields of 2,048 kg ha-1, can potentially reach 3,755 kg ha-1 and is resistant to fusarium wilt, curtobacterium wilt, anthracnose, common bacterial blight and angular leaf spot. Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-01T18:00:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fpbj-2022-2.pdf: 1161081 bytes, checksum: 8d77a9e3cfe69a73c9c3760aaf83240c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

P. lepton e P. notatum são espécies nativas do Rio Grande do Sul, a primeira com alta capacidade de adaptação à solos arenosos e degradados. Já a segunda é conhecida pelo alto potencial de produção forrageira. O objetivo da pesquisa foi caracterizar e estimar a diversidade genética através de atributos genéticos de ecótipos de P. notatum e P. lepton, bem como avaliar o rendimento e qualidade de sementes de ecótipos de P. lepton. Para realização desse trabalho, foram coletados, em diferentes regiões fisiográficas do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, 16 ecótipos de cada espécie, os quais foram avaliados quanto às características morfológicas em quatro locais do RS em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Apenas ecótipos de P. lepton foram avaliados quanto aos componentes de rendimento e qualidade fisiológica de sementes. Os dados oriundos de diferentes locais foram submetidos à análise de variância através do teste F e, após, realizou-se a análise conjunta com os desdobramentos necessários. Já os dados de rendimento e qualidade fisiológica de sementes foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), e quando significativo, realizou-se o agrupamento de médias pelo teste Scott & Knott a 5% de probabilidade. As estimativas genéticas foram avaliadas com base nos caracteres fenotípicos gerando a distância de Gower e, posteriormente, dois métodos de agrupamento foram utilizados. Além disso, a contribuição relativa dos caracteres foi quantificada através da metodologia de Singh e por componentes principais. Os 16 ecótipos de ambas as espécies se diferenciaram através do estudo genético. Em relação às características morfológicas, a pilosidade e o número de racemos foram as que mais contribuíram para a diferenciação em P. lepton, assim como a pilosidade, largura de folha e hábito de crescimento em P. notatum. Na avaliação dos componentes de rendimento de sementes, sugere-se o descarte da avaliação do número de sementes presas ao racemo e peso de mil sementes. Na avaliação do rendimento e qualidade de sementes, o ecótipo L31 .21 foi superior aos demais para massa de sementes aparentes e puras, assim como também apresentou maiores médias para número e massa de sementes presas ao racemo, número de perfilhos reprodutivos e viabilidade, podendo ser considerado em cruzamentos futuros. P. lepton and P. notatum are native species of Rio Grande do Sul, the first with a high capacity to adapt to sandy and degraded soils. The second is known for its high potential for forage production. The objective of the research was to characterize and estimate the genetic diversity through genetic attributes of P. notatum and P. lepton ecotypes, as well as to evaluate the yield and seed quality of P. lepton ecotypes. To carry out this work, 16 ecotypes of each species were collected in different physiographic regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which were evaluated for morphological characteristics in four locations in RS in a completely randomized design. Only P. lepton ecotypes were evaluated for yield components and seed physiological quality. Data from different locations were subjected to analysis of variance using the F test and, afterwards, a joint analysis was carried out with the necessary developments. The data on yield and physiological quality seeds were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and when significant, the grouping of means was performed using the Scott & Knott test at 5% probability. The genetic estimates were evaluated based on the phenotypic characters generating the Gower distance and, after this, two clustering methods were used. In addition, the relative contribution of characters was quantified using Singh's methodology and principal components. The 16 ecotypes of both species were differentiated through genetic studies. Regarding the morphological characteristics, hairiness and the number of racemes were the ones that most contributed to the differentiation in P. lepton, as well as the hairiness, leaf width and growth habit were the ones that most contributed in P. notatum. In the evaluation of the components of seed yield, it is suggested to discard the evaluation of the number of seeds attached to the raceme and the weight of a thousand seeds. The L3 .21 ecotype was superior to the others for apparent and pure seed mass, as well as showing higher averages for number and mass of seeds attached to the raceme, number of reproductive tillers and viability, which can be considered in future crosses.

Paspalum guenoarum é uma gramínea perene, de hábito cespitoso com ciclo estival. A espécie é nativa nos campos sul brasileiros, porém, também é uma pastagem cultivada importante em outros países como Austrália, Estados Unidos e Argentina. O modo de reprodução de P. guenoarum é assexual com produção de sementes por apomixia, entretanto, a descoberta de um indivíduo de Paspalum plicatulum com reprodução sexual possibilitou a duplicação cromossômica desta espécie, viabilizando cruzamentos e a produção de híbridos interespecíficos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as variáveis relacionadas aos componentes do rendimento de sementes: número de inflorescências/área (NIM), número médio de racemos/inflorescência (NMRI), comprimento médio de racemos (CMR), número médio de sementes/racemo (NMSR), número de sementes/inflorescência (NSI), peso de mil sementes (PMS), massa de impurezas (IMP), debulha de sementes (DEB), os rendimentos de sementes aparentes (RSA) e de sementes puras (RSP) e a qualidade de sementes colhidas e debulhadas (D): índice de germinação (IVG e IVGD), primeira contagem de germinação (PCG e PCGD), germinação (G e GD) e viabilidade (V e VD) de três híbridos de P. plicatulum x P. guenoarum (‘08Q01’, ‘104026’ e ‘105052’) em três épocas de colheita definidas como: dez, 20 e 30 dias após a antese (DAA) a fim de determinar a melhor época para a colheita de cada material, considerando o rendimento e a qualidade de sementes. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental Agronômica da UFRGS de outubro de 2019 a março de 2021 e as análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes no Departamento de Plantas Forrageiras e Agrometeorologia/UFRGS. O delineamento utilizado foi esquema fatorial em parcelas sub-subdivididas tendo como fatores: genótipo, época e ano com três repetições. A época indicada para a colheita de sementes do híbrido ‘08Q01’ é aos 20 DAA e para os híbridos ‘104026’ e ‘105052’ é aos 30 DAA tendo como base NIM, IMP, DEB, PCG, G e V das sementes colhidas. ‘105052’ é apontado como o híbrido de maior rendimento de sementes (RSA e RSP), porém, ‘08Q01’ demonstrou melhor qualidade fisiológica (IVG, PCG, G e V) no segundo ano. As variáveis relacionadas à germinação foram afetadas de modo diferente tendo comportamento inverso ao dos componentes do rendimento. Paspalum guenoarum is a perennial grass, with a caespitose habit and warm season. The species is native to southern Brazilian grasslands, however, it is also an important cultivated pasture in other countries such as Australia, the United States and Argentina. The mode of reproduction of P. guenoarum is asexual with seed production by apomixis, however, the discovery of an individual of Paspalum plicatulum with sexual reproduction allowed the chromosomal duplication of this species, enabling crosses and the production of interspecific hybrids. The aim of this study was to assess the variables related to the components of seed yield: number of inflorescences/area (NIA), average number of racemes/inflorescence (ANRI), average raceme length (ARL), average number of seeds/raceme (ANSR), number of seeds/inflorescence (NSI), weight of thousand seeds (WTS), impurity mass (IMP) and seed shattering (SS), apparent seed (ASY) and pure seed (PSY) yields and the quality of harvested and shattered seeds (S): germination index (GI and GIS), first germination count (FGC and FGCS), germination (G and GS) and viability (V and VS) of three P. plicatulum x P. guenoarum hybrids ('08Q01', '104026' and '105052') at three harvest times defined as: ten, 20 and 30 days after anthesis (DAA) in order to determine the best time to harvest each material, considering seed yield and quality. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Experimental Station of UFRGS from October 2019 to March 2021 and the analyzes were carried out at the Seed Analysis Laboratory at the Department of Forage Plants and Agrometeorology/UFRGS. The design used was a factorial scheme in split-split-plot having as factors: hybrid, harvest time and year with three replications. The time indicated for harvesting seeds of the hybrid '08Q01' is at 20 DAA and for the hybrids '104026' and '105052' it is at 30 DAA, based on the NIA, IMP, SS, FGC, G and V of the harvested seeds. The hybrid '105052' had the highest seed yield (ASY and PSY), however, '08Q01' showed better physiological quality (GI, FCG, G and V) in the second year. The variables related to germination were affected in a different way, having an inverse behavior to that of the yield components.

The application of remote sensing in plant breeding is becoming a routine method for fast and non-destructive high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with sensors. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial forage legume grown in more than 30 million hectares worldwide. Breeding alfalfa for herbage accumulation (HA) requires frequent and multiple phenotyping efforts, which is laborious and costly. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of UAV-based imagery and spatial analysis in the selection of alfalfa for HA. The alfalfa breeding population was composed of 145 full-sib and 34 half-sib families, and the experimental design was a row-column with augmented representation of controls. The experiment was established in November 2017, and HA was harvested four times between August 2018 and January 2019. A UAV equipped with a multispectral camera was used for HTP before each harvest. Four vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated from the UAVbased images: NDVI, NDRE, GNDVI, and GRVI. All VIs showed a high correlation with HA, and VIs predicted HA with moderate accuracy. HA and NDVI were used for further analyses to calculate the genetic parameters using linear mixed models. The spatial analysis had a significant effect in both dimensions (rows and columns) for HA and NDVI, resulting in improvements in the estimation of genetic parameters. Univariate models for NDVI and HA, and bivariate models, were fit to predict family performance for scenarios with various levels of HA data (simulated in silico by assigning missing values to full dataset). The bivariate models provided higher correlation among predicted values, higher coincidence for selection, and higher genetic gain even for scenarios with only 30% of HA data. Hence, HTP is a reliable and efficient method to aid alfalfa phenotyping to improve HA. Additionally, the use of spatial analysis can also improve the accuracy of selection in breeding trials. Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-04T17:00:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27295.pdf: 9969121 bytes, checksum: a39e3b5d24979f7eb1de6fb16fd66973 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The cashew culture provides jobs and boosts the economy of the Northeast region and is therefore of great socioeconomic importance. In genetic improvement programs, the existence of an interaction between genotypes and environments has been observed, making studies of adaptability and stability essential for effective selection. Thus, the objective was to study the performance of early dwarf cashew clones using the GGE Biplot in three agricultural years (2016?2018). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 25 treatments (clones) and three replications. The plot consisted of four plants spaced 8 × 8 m apart. The variables evaluated were nut yield throughout the harvest (PRC), average nut weight (PMC), and percentage of nuts pierced (PCF). The clones most characterized as ideotypes were T25, T14, T7, T8, T2, T10, T15, and T22 for PRC; T12, T1, and T16 for PMC; and T5, T24, T21, and T8 for PCF, with coincidence for T8 in PC and PCF. Clones with values above the general average, with emphasis on stability, were T14 and T2 for PRC; T12, T1, T16, T8, and T22 for PMC; and T5 and T22 for PCF. The years with test characteristics, that is, those with average environmental factors for all years, were 2016 for PRC and 2018 for PCF, with no test year for PMC; the every years were more discriminating to PCF, with the exception of 2016 for PRC Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-31T02:06:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAF-AP-2021-Graphical-analysis-to-determine-the-stability.pdf: 348672 bytes, checksum: 42674d9ae0f81bfc976e5ea324e86e70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

A strategy for genetic improvement of coffee Coffea canephora plants is to aggregate through artificial crossings the characteristics of the Conilon botanical variety, such as shorter height and drought resistance, with the higher average grain size and resistance to pests and diseases of the Robusta variety. Efficiently separating the clones into these two groups with the aid of appropriate analytical procedures makes field tasks easier for professionals and, thus, allows the systematic production of intervarietal hybrids. This study verifies if the non-parametric discriminant analyzes of the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) and k-average neighbors (k-AN) would be able to correctly classify 130 coffee clones in their botanical varieties previously designated as Conilon, Robusta and Intervarietal Hybrids populations from ten quantitative agronomic characteristics, including the processed coffee beans yield, considering the existing population genetic divergence. These characteristics were found to be good discriminatory variables and the discriminant analyzes k-NN and k-AN, based on the principle of similarity by neighborhood, classified the clones with high hit rates. The k-AN discriminant analysis was able to better discriminate intervarietal hybrids from the group clones Conilon. The results correctly reflected the genetic diversity between the botanical varieties and intervarietal hybrids of Coffea canephora, allowing us to conclude that these classification methods can assist breeders in the main task of discriminating Conilon from Robusta clones. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-14T02:09:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cpafro-18640.pdf: 492291 bytes, checksum: 9d24b63c74eb0c2c56426cfb41674d9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The objective of the present work was the molecular characterization of 11 parents and 101 hybrid progenies of conilon coffee, obtained through diallel crosses from the breeding program of the Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Incaper, ES, Brazil). The analyses were performed with 18 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers, obtaining a total of 32 alleles. SSR markers were classifi ed as moderately informative (PIC = 0.37), being effi cient in characterizing individuals. High genetic diversity was verifi ed in the 112 genotypes, based on the greater values of observed heterozygosity about to the expected heterozygosity (0.55 and 0.44, respectively), negative values for the fi xation index (F) (-0.14), and the formation of distinct groups by UPGMA. These results indicate high genetic variability among the conilon coffee genitors, which remained similar and persisting in the progenies. The average dissimilarity between parents was 0.29 and between progenies 0.34. The progenies 38 and 40 and the parent P11 were considered the most divergent in the study. The genetic variability found can be explored in the genetic breeding of the conilon coffee and guide crossings between diversifi ed and compatible genetic materials, for the composition of novel cultivars for the state of Espírito Santo. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-11T16:05:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Molecular-characterization-2021.pdf: 1325066 bytes, checksum: 831f1c9b5a3e8adf022553169fe4e4d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic divergence between 164 genotypes of Manihot esculenta from the South-Central mesoregion of the State of Mato Grosso. The genotypes are from projects conducted by the Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Biotechnology of the University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres-Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), and the Brazilian Public Agricultural Research Corporation - Agrosilvopastoral (EMBRAPA). The agronomic descriptors evaluated were plant height, height of first branching, branching levels, weight of the aerial part of the plant, total weight of the plant, number of roots per plant, average weight of roots per plant, yield of commercial roots, yield of non-commercial roots, number of rotten roots per plant and harvest index. For the analysis of genetic divergence, multivariate analysis based on the standardized Euclidean mean distance was employed, later performing the Hierarchical UPGMA and Tocher Optimization agglomerative methods. The degree of preservation of the genetic distances in the dendrogram was verified using the Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient. The Singh criterion was used to quantify the relative contribution of characteristics to genetic divergence. The genotypes presented genetic dissimilarity for the evaluated characteristics and based on the results of the dissimilarity matrix and groupings, it is recommended the crossings between the genotypes allocated in group II with the genotype allocated in group V, for the development of segregated populations with high genetic variability. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-07T02:08:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2021-cpamt-essh-genetic-diversity-among-cassava-genotypes-collected-south-central-mesoregion-state-mato-grosso.pdf: 414297 bytes, checksum: 9deef6adbe38e4f23369e21f4fa5f90c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

BRS FC104 is a carioca seeded common bean cultivar with super-early maturity (mean of 65 days; emergence to physiological maturity) and disease resistance superior to other early maturity carioca seeded cultivars. Is is recommended for growing in 21 Brazilian states and has high yield potential (3792 kg ha-1), a mean yield of 2186 kg ha-1, and 6.9% higher mean of the relative yield compared to the control cultivars. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-02T18:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 35680.pdf: 263164 bytes, checksum: 5272ae4775132840be7cc12f5020ed6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 Cultivar release.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the behavior per se of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Shum) hybrids for energy purposes by means of morpho-agronomic traits in four evaluation sections. An experiment in randomized block design with three replicates was applied to evaluate the hybrids. The plot consisted of a 15-m row with 1.50-m row spacing, and 1.50-m spacing between plants. The usable area was composed of the five central plants. It was evaluated number of tillers per clump; Stem dry matter. Computational resources from the GENES Program were used to analyze the results. In both cuts, the H7, H11, and H14 hybrids was superior to the others in the four evaluation cuts for all evaluated characteristics, proving to be a potential genotype to be used for energy biomass production. Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-17T00:40:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Screeningelephant.pdf: 554321 bytes, checksum: 5b0333bdb5d5833e95f3fde717ab1073 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 Article nº JEAI.50113.

Prior to releasing new varieties, one of the most common aims in breeding is to study genotype by environmental interactions. Using the analysis obtained from these initial processes, a multitude of varieties based on their relative performance through different environments is produced. Herein we assessed the link-up between GGE Biplot and REML/BLUP based methods in a commercial panel of 32 bean genotypes, which included 17 carioca bean genotypes and 15 black bean genotypes. The assessment was conducted during 2009 in four different locations of Pernambuco State, Brazil. Regarding the locations, São João and Araripina showed to be highly representative and non-discriminatory, while Arcoverde was the most discriminatory and well-represented favoring the selection of widely adapted genotypes. The selection of genotypes was consistent by using both methods and the final conclusion shows outstanding performance. Considering a high yield stability and adaptability, the following genotypes showed outstanding performance: the black types included CNFP (11995, 11983, 11985 and 11991), and the carioca types are CNFC (11951 and 11954). Understanding genotype by environmental interactions enabled us to identify potential genotypes for releasing. Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-10T00:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPAF2019rbca.pdf: 2995083 bytes, checksum: aaf1271300d0b9e5180f990b3fc385a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

O cajueiro é uma frutífera com elevada importância econômica e social para a região do Nordeste brasileiro, pois, além de empregar grande contingente de pessoas, participa expressivamente na geração de divisas externas. Contudo no melhoramento genético da espécie a presença de interação genótipos versus ambientes faz necessário a avaliação de adaptabilidade e estabilidade, para a seleção. Portanto o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar por AMMI novos clones de cajueiro-anão precoce. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, 15 tratamentos, quatro repetições, quatro plantas por parcela. Foram avaliados: altura de planta (ALP), diâmetro de copa (DIC) e produtividade de castanhas por planta (PCP). Os resultados obtidos foram que G13 em ALP; G10 em DIC e; G3 para PCP, apresentaram os maiores valores médios; os clones mais estáveis foram G4 e G7 para ALP; G8, G11 e G15 para DIC e; G1 e G14 para PCP, comportamento distinto foi observado apenas em DIC no modelo AMMI2; na especificidade adaptativa em AMMI1 os melhores foram G10 e G11 para ALP; G13 em DIC e; G2, G7 e G10 para PCP; no modelo AMMI2 os clones G10 e G11 para ALP, foram adaptados ao sétimo ano agrícola; G5, G7 e G11 com o quarto ano e; com o quinto ano G2, G10 e G13 em PCP, não havendo nenhum para DIC e; os anos foram os principais constituintes da variação, responsáveis em gerar as diferenças da manifestação fenotípica dos clones. Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-14T00:45:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAFAP2019Estabilidadeadaptabilidadedeclonescajueiro.pdf: 808169 bytes, checksum: ed8be4e6b51926b24464455a74728bb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019