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We explore the possibility of the ionospheric disturbance detection after two earthquakes (EQ) (Mw > 7) occurred on September 8, 2021, and September 19, 2022, in Mexico. The epicenter location, depth, focal mechanism, season and Space Weather background conditions were similar for the two EQs. The local time and the magnitude were different. Wave responses in the filtered slant TEC time series were revealed after both EQs at isolated satellite-receiver ray paths. The irregular variations exceeded the background fluctuation level and were not repeated on other days. Their form and temporal scales allowed us to associate them with the acoustic-gravity waves generated by the vertical displacement during the powerful EQs. The nighttime EQ on September 8, 2021, caused the medium-scale disturbances characterized with the N- and И-form fluctuations in TEC, a period of ~30 min and amplitudes of (0.1-0.2) TECU. The response to the daytime EQ on September 19, 2022, was of two types: smallscale disturbances N-, V-, И- and M-form with a 15 min period and amplitudes of (0.1-1.1) TECU; and medium-scale disturbances of N- and И-form with a period of ~30 min and amplitudes of (0.1-0.2) TECU. The presented conclusions for the Mexican region are preliminary as more statistics are needed.

This paper presents a study on the perceptions of primary school teachers regarding their knowledge, usefulness, and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education. Likewise, the relationship between sex, age, working time and the educational center in which it is found with the perceptions about ICT is obtained. To answer these questions, a battery of 14 categorical closed questions is designed, divided into four blocks: socio-demographic information; knowledge of ICT; usefulness of ICT; and use of ICT. In the context of measuring the knowledge, usefulness and use of ICT in education, the novelty of this work relies on the design of an indicator for each of the ICT-related blocks following the methodology of Human Development Indicators created by the United Nations Development Program. In this research, 119 teachers from Spanish primary schools were chosen as the study sample to answer the questions' battery. The results show a direct relationship between knowledge, usefulness, and use, although not significant. Although teachers are aware of the usefulness of ICT, and the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the use of technological tools for planning teaching in blended or distance learning lessons, this does not mean teachers have a greater knowledge of ICT. In addition, the findings indicate a greater knowledge by teachers in public schools, which contrasts with the finding that teachers in grant-assisted schools make the most use of ICT and find it the most useful. Finally, it is also suggested that the study's methodology and approach could be applied to other contexts or countries.

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes substantial economic loss to tomato production, and the Sw-5b resistance gene is widely deployed for management. Here, we show (i) the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) TSWV strains in processing and fresh market tomato production in California over the past ten years, and (ii) evolutionary relationships with RB strains from other areas. A specific RT-PCR test was used to show the C118Y RB strain that emerged in Fresno County in 2016 quickly became predominant in the central production area and remained so through this study. In 2021, the C118Y strain was detected in the Northern production area, and was predominant in 2022. However, in 2023, the C118Y strain was unexpectedly detected in fewer spotted wilt samples from resistant varieties. This was due to emergence of the T120N RB strain, previously known to occur in Spain. A specific RT-PCR test was developed and used to show that the T120N RB strain was predominant in Colusa and Sutter counties (detected in 75-80% of samples), and detected in ~50% of samples from Yolo County. Pathogenicity tests confirmed California isolates of the T120N strain infected Sw-5b tomato varieties and induced severe symptoms. Another RB strain, C118F, was associated with spotted wilt samples of Sw-5 varieties from fresh market tomato production in southern California. Phylogenetic analyses with complete NSm sequences revealed that the C118Y and T120N RB strains infecting resistant processing tomato in California emerged locally, whereas those from fresh market production were more closely related to isolates from Mexico. Thus, widespread deployment of this single dominant resistance gene in California has driven the local emergence of multiple RB strains in different tomato production areas and types. These results further emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring for RB strains, and identification of sources of resistance to these strains.

La comparación de resultados económicos en la Macro ruta central de Sogamoso de la red de aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos parte de la evaluación de alternativas de investigación de operaciones, aplicables a situaciones que exigen toma de decisiones, que pasan desde la optimización de redes, la técnica de proyectos PERT/CPM, hasta el uso de software para medir eficiencia y efectividad en la búsqueda de mejores resultados. Los problemas de redes resultan ser representaciones abstractas de actividades o procesos para la determinación del camino crítico con el uso de menos recursos, en este caso económico. La Macro ruta central de Sogamoso incluye modelos de ruteo a partir de la distancia más corta donde los costos se asocian directamente con esta variable. Los modelos de ruteo considerarán a los nodos como los puntos de recogida o contenedores de punto fijo y los arcos como los caminos entre cada uno de ellos.

Scaling up the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) for autism across service sectors and regions has presented a considerable challenge indicating a clear need for continued development. The California Autism Professional Training and Information Network (CAPTAIN) integrates implementation drivers into specific procedures and methodology as an implementation strategy to support statewide scale up. The current study was designed to evaluate the impact of CAPTAIN on provider-level outcomes including attitude toward, and knowledge, fidelity and use of autism EBPs, and overall classroom quality. Overall, results indicated variability across measures, with some significant differences between CAPTAIN-trained and non-CAPTAIN-trained providers. CAPTAIN-trained providers reported more openness to EBP. Significantly more CAPTAIN-trained direct service providers reported collecting fidelity of implementation data (X[superscript 2](2, N = 1515) = 10.95, p = 0.004), collecting student data (X[superscript 2](2, N = 1509) = 14.19, p = 0.001), and reported using their primary EBP with "most or all students" (X[superscript 2](2, N = 1514) = 11.41, p = 0.003) than providers not trained by CAPTAIN. In summary, these preliminary findings show promise for the efficacy of the CAPTAIN model to increase dissemination and implementation of EBP at the classroom level.

Tuberculosis (TB) in goats is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) organisms that pose a great health and economic challenge for the caprine industry in some European and developing countries. It is also a zoonotic disease posing a risk for public health. The control programs of the disease are based on a test-and-slaughter strategy, and vaccination is not feasible with available vaccines due to its interferences with the current TB immunodiagnosis. There is still a need for the development of an effective TB vaccine and, concurrently, diagnostic methods that allow differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA approach). In this study, we investigated the interferences caused by the tuberculin (PPD)-based TB diagnostic tests in goats immunized by different mucosal and parenteral vaccination strategies: three single-dose strategies based on intranasal administration of BCG and two heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccines, and two prime-boost strategies based on parenteral BCG or HIMB priming and intranasal HIMB boosting. In addition, the defined antigens ESAT-6, CPF10, and EspC were evaluated as alternative diagnostic reagents to PPDs. At week 14 after prime vaccination of the animals, skin tests, IFN-γ release assay, and antibody detection assays were performed. The two prime-boosted and the single-dose intranasal BCG groups displayed greater cell-mediated immune responses to PPDs than the two single-dose intranasal HIMB vaccines. However, the use of reagents based on the defined antigens eliminated or reduced the vaccine-induced diagnostic interferences in all groups. Based on these results, the use of defined antigens in the current immunodiagnostic tests appears to be suitable in a future goat TB vaccination scenario.

BackgroundThe Nutrition Care Process (NCP) is a systematic framework designed to enhance the quality of nutrition care. Given the high prevalence of metabolic diseases in Mexican population, there is a critical need for tailored nutrition care strategies.ObjectiveWe aim to describe the adaptation of the NCP to manage metabolic diseases in Mexican individuals.MethodsOur adaptation included a comprehensive literature review of clinical nutrition guidelines, by a structured consultation with experts to ensure clinical setting-specific and culturally appropriate modifications. A team of registered dietitians from two tier 3 hospitals, each with over five years of experience in metabolic disease management, customized the NCP’s four core steps—assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring—to meet the specific needs of the Mexican population.ResultsWe adapted the NCP to manage five common metabolic disorders: obesity, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and dyslipidemia. Each step of the NCP was complemented by the development of educational materials designed to (1) enhance awareness of disease risk, (2) broaden their knowledge of nutritional management, and (3) provide tailored strategies for developing personalized action plans. The adapted NCP was implemented in clinical and research settings and the materials were documented as an online publication to facilitate widespread dissemination.ConclusionOur adaptation represents a significant advancement in the use of structured tools for nutrition care in Mexican populations, who face disproportionately high rates of metabolic diseases. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of this approach in clinical settings.

BackgroundAlthough the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has been widely studied across various populations, there is still no consensus on its factor structure. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the HADS in cancer patients.MethodsOur study was cross-sectional and non-probabilistic. It involved 467 cancer patients aged 18 years and over, who were treated at a public institution specialized in oncology. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory were used. We evaluated their internal structure, measurement invariance, relationship with other variables, and reliability.ResultsIt was found that the HADS is best suited to a bifactorial structure where there is one general factor (emotional distress) and two specific factors (anxiety and depression). The HADS demonstrates invariance with respect to sex and years of education. It shows a moderate correlation with the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, it presents acceptable levels of reliability and relationship with instruments used in the diagnosis of anxiety and depression.ConclusionThe HADS is best suited to a bifactorial structure in cancer populations, with comparisons across both sexes and varying levels of education. Its brevity, versatility, hospital-focused design, and extensive validation make the HADS a very important instrument in the detection of anxiety and depression in cancer patients.

Objective: To quantify daily direct costs through absorption costing and the demographic profile of neurological patients receiving palliative care (PCs) at a hospital in the Unified Health System. Methods: Convenience sample composed of 132 individuals admitted to Hospital Mestre Vitalino (HMV), in Caruaru-Pernambuco, with a diagnosis of neurological diseases, over 18 years of age and a favorable opinion for PCs, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and/or wards of HMV, and who had a favorable opinion from the PCs committee to start this type of care at HMV between 01/01/2019 and 12/31/2019, evolving to death in the unit in the same period. Average daily costs were adjusted by purchasing power parity1 and the American Consumer Price Index2, later converted to US dollars according to the exchange rate in effect on September 13, 2024. Results: The time interval between the start of PC and death had an average of 18.3 days. After the institution of this assistance, there was a 27% reduction (p

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo establecer los problemas de la aplicación de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera para pymes (NIIF para pymes) en Colombia y proponer alternativas de solución; lo anterior, en el marco del cumplimiento de la regulación. La metodología que se utilizará será cualitativa, a través de la revisión documental en fuentes nacionales, regionales e internacionales que permitan identificar problemas de aplicación de las NIIF para pymes. Así mismo, se realiza un análisis de las NIIF para pymes a partir de la experiencia con estas entidades y se realiza una aproximación a las empresas por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas para lograr una visión más amplia del problema planteado. Como resultados preliminares se evidencia diversidad de dificultades en temas específicos como deterioro y costo amortizado y, en general, los contadores de las entidades no identifican los beneficios del modelo, por lo cual los esfuerzos de los organismos responsables deben enfocarse en sensibilizar y capacitar para entender, analizar, aplicar y conocer las restricciones del modelo internacional. Como línea de investigación futura se propone investigar con el objetivo de simplificar procesos específicos de medición basados en condiciones específicas del contexto.

Introducción: Bajo el supuesto de que los infantes con anemia deben reposar para evitar debilitarlos; desconocen que la motricidad coadyuva reduciendo la anemia; se identificó dos grupos homogéneos en el Pretest mediante la T de student; luego durante 7 semanas hicieron psicomotricidades diariamente 30 minutos los del Grupo Experimental (GE) y 10 minutos el Grupo Control (GC), 5 minutos después se midieron psicomotricidades; obteniéndose mayores puntuaciones el GE. Objetivo: Determinar la contribución de la psicomotricidad al reducir la anemia en infantes de grupo piloto de preescolares peruanos de 4 años, durante el segundo trimestre del año 2023, distribuidos 50% en cada grupo. Metodología: Investigación con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño descriptivo cuasiexperimental con Pretest y Postest, muestra piloto no probabilística de 12 infantes, Identificados con anemia (hemoglobina

ABSTRACT Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the reduced version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) for adult patients in the Brazilian National Health Survey 2019, a nationally representative population-based study. Methods: The reduced version of PCATool-adults measures the presence and extent of the following attributes: degree of affiliation; first-contact access; longitudinality; care coordination; comprehensiveness; family orientation; and community orientation. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed. Results: The final sample consisted of 9,396 individuals. The PCATool latent variable for adults was related to two questionnaire items, one referring to the Degree of Affiliation attribute and the other to the Community Orientation attribute. Additionally, five latent variables, formed by 21 items, identified the other five attributes through standardized factor loadings. Conclusion: The reduced version of PCATool-Adult has good psychometric properties and captures the attributes of Primary Health Care.

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Conflict of interest: No Introduction and Objectives: Hepatitis B is a disease that can lead to cirrhosis, acute liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, or death. Paraguay is considered a country with a low incidence of hepatitis B. The discovery of two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B, in a community of the Aché indigenous group in the Department of Canindeyú, motivated an initial investigation that aroused the suspicion of a high rate of hepatitis B in those communities. Objectives: Determine the prevalence of hepatitis B in the Aché communities of the department of Canindeyú-Paraguay in order to program therapeutic and preventive measures in said population. Patients / Materials and Methods: A joint working group was organized between the Ministry of Health and a Medical University. The population studied were the inhabitants of the “Kué Tuvy” and “Chupa Pou” communities, of the Aché ethnic group in the department of Canindeyú, Paraguay. In November 2022 and March 2023, a total of 399 natives attended the call made by community leaders and were subjected to capillary blood detection tests for HBsAg. In patients with a positive test, the following were performed: clinical history, physical examination, anthropometry, and abdominal ultrasound. Results and Discussion: In the first community of 226 people tested, 17 were positive. In the second community, 173 samples were taken and 19 were positive. Globally it represents a prevalence of 9.02% (36/399). The positive cases for HBsAg were distributed by sex: 53% men and 47% women, with an age range of 21 to 56 years with a median of 38 years. Conclusions: The prevalence of hepatitis B in Aché communities in Paraguay is much higher than in the general population, so it is necessary to carry out a microelimination and prevention plan.

Conflict of interest: No Introduction and Objectives: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disease, characterized by inflammation with fibrosis and obliteration of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. The process of chronic cholestasis eventually leads to biliary cirrhosis. It is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) in most cases. Objectives: To describe clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics of patients with PSC, in two reference centers for liver diseases, from 2011 to 2023. Patients / Materials and Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study. Excel is used for data collection. The variables were expressed in frequency, range, mean and percentage. Results and Discussion: 16,347 records were reviewed, of which, 36 (0.22%) had the diagnosis of PSC. Four had incomplete medical records so 32 were included. Fifty nine percent were male, the mean age was 43 years, with a range of 20 to 88. The clinical presentation of 75% of the patients was jaundice. Abdominal pain or pruritus were the second and third most frequent symptoms. Pruritus, as an isolated symptom, occurred in 13%. Thirteen percent of the patients​​ were asymptomatic. The liver function test showed a cholestatic pattern in 94% of the patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by cholangio-resonance in 78%, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in 6% and a combination of both in 16%. Fifty percent of the patients had associated Inflammatory Bowel Disease (93.75% were UC). One of the 32 patients (3%) presented PSC associated to Autoimmune Hepatitis. The complications were: progression to liver cirrhosis in 53%, bacterial cholangitis in 13%, bile duct stones in 6%. Sixteen percent underwent Liver Transplantation and 28% did not present any complications. Conclusions: The first series of patients with PSC in our country is reported. The characteristics of this pathology, in this series, do not differ significantly from the characteristics published in most other countries.

Introducción. El Índice Triglicérido-Glucosa (TyG) es considerado como una prueba sensible para el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico (SM). Sin embargo, su validez en diversas poblaciones, como la de la selva peruana, aún no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la exactitud diagnóstica del índice triglicérido-glucosa para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico en pacientes atendidos en un establecimiento de atención primaria de la selva peruana durante el periodo 2022-2023. Metodología. Estudio de exactitud diagnóstica, con diseño transversal. Se realizó un análisis documental de historias clínicas de 363 pacientes. El desenlace fue la presencia de SM definido según los criterios ATP-III. El índice TyG fue la prueba evaluada calculada con la fórmula: Ln [triglicéridos en ayunas (mg/dL) x glucosa en ayunas/2 (mg/dL)]. Se evaluaron curvas de características operativas del receptor y el área bajo la curva (AUC) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%) y puntos de corte óptimos según el índice de Youden, para el total de la muestra y estratificados por sexo. Resultados. Se obtuvo un punto de corte de 8,97 para los valores de TyG con una sensibilidad de 89,5% y una especificidad de 64,3% para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico. El área bajo la curva (AUC) para TyG fue de 0,889 (IC 95%: 0,851 - 0,922, p

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the correlation between components of financial inclusion and the growth of manufacturing microenterprises in Bogotá, focusing on the period from 2012 to 2016. Utilizing data sourced from the ‘Annual Survey of Micro Establishments’ provided by National Administrative Department of Statistics, the research includes an extensive literature review, a meticulous comparison of the financial inclusion components employed by these microenterprises and an evaluation of their impact on business growth using a linear panel data model with random effects. Findings suggests that microenterprises utilizing financial products exhibit sustained growth over time compared to those that do not. Furthermore, this study introduces an innovative perspective by quantitatively addressing the relationship between financial inclusion and the business growth of such companies in developing countries. As a recommendation, microenterprises should focus their efforts on establishing robust financial management practices, formalizing through RUT (Single Taxpayer Registry), adopting digitalization strategies and advocating for equitable financial inclusion policies. While the study contributes to the literature on financial inclusion, a more in-depth qualitative exploration of cultural and idiosyncratic factors is advised.