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In home caregivers of patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy face physical, social, and psychological problems. The results of qualitative studies play a key role in determining in home caregivers' percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy-related problems, attitudes, views, and experiences. The aim of this review was to survey the literature to assess the problems faced by in home caregivers of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy patients and identify solutions to these problems. PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were screened using the key words qualitative research, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, enteral nutrition, and mixed method for relevant articles published between 1945 and November 2019. The literature search yielded 446 scholarly articles. Their titles and abstracts were screened for possible inclusion in this review. Fifteen articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The quality of the included qualitative articles were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Research Checklist, whereas mixed-methods articles were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Five major themes were developed: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube problems, training requirement, health support system, effect on life, and tube necessity. We believe that determining caregivers' physical and psychosocial problems around managing patients' percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes and developing support systems can help solve those problems and improve both patients' and caregivers' quality of life.

Objective: The monitoring of immunosuppressive medication adherence is an important issue for solid organ transplant patients. In Turkey, there has been no valid and reliable measurement tool specific to transplantation for evaluation of medication adherence. The aim of this methodological study was to develop and psychometrically test Immunosuppressive Medication Adherence Scale. Materials and Methods: The Immunosuppressive Medication Adherence Scale was developed, and its validity and reliability were examined using data from 200 solid organ transplant patients. An expert panel evaluated the content validity, and factor analysis was used to evaluate the construct validity. Internal consistency analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability of the scale, and item-total correlations were evaluated. Results: As a result of exploratory factor analysis, all 11 items were found to be collected in a single dimension, and factor loadings varied between 0.32 and 0.87. All scale items had a good positive significant correlation with the total scale score. Content validity was evidenced by obtaining the views of 13 experts (0.80 content validity index). Cronbach's a was 0.61. Conclusion: The Immunosuppressive Medication Adherence Scale has acceptable internal consistency, good content, and construct validity. The scale is appropriate for use in clinical practice settings and research to evaluate immunosuppressive medication adherence of solid organ transplant patients.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting women in Turkey. The early detection methods for breast cancer have been associated with health belief variables. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine women's health beliefs related to breast cancer screening behaviours. Methods: This study was designed as descriptive and cross-sectional survey and was performed on 344 women who applied the Nigde Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Education Center between May and October 2009. The data were collected using a questionnaire which consists of socio-demographic characteristics and breast cancer risk factors and Health Belief Model Scale. Data analysis was performed using frequency and Mann-Whitney U Test. All values of p0.05). According to study results, the rate of regular BSE performance rate for women was found low. Therefore, KETEM was planned to the training programs related to breast cancer screening methods. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2015; 14(3.000): 265-271]

The objective of this paper was to define the effect of education on the early diagnosis of breast and cervix cancer on the women's attitudes and behaviors regarding participating in Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Training Centers-CEDSTC screening programs. This semi-experimental study was completed with 342 women. The data were collected with forms “Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale Breast Cancer-HBMSBC” and “Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test-HBMSCCPST.” When the women’s health beliefs before and after 6 months of the education about the early diagnosis of breast and cervical cancers are considered, it is seen that the HBMSBC subscales health motivation, breast self-examination (BSE), and evasion to mammography (MMG) decreased and BSE self-efficacy and MMG benefit attitudes increased and HBMSCCPST subscales pap smear benefit attitudes increased and evasion to pap smear attitude decreased (p, Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit, The authors are grateful to all the participants in the study. We offer our heartfelt thanks to the Provincial Public Health Director of that period who gave support and an official vehicle and staff while visiting the villages and towns of Ni?de Province center when conducting this study. We want to state that we are thankful to all midwives, nurses, and officials working at Ni?de CEDSTC who supported the implementation of our project for their help and to Ni?de University Z?beyde Han?m School of Health Department of Nursing and Midwifery students who helped collect the data. This study was presented as an oral presentation at the First International Congress on Women and Child Health and Training on 14?15 April 2016 in Kocaeli, Turkey. This study was presented as oral presentation at First International Congress on Women and Child Health and Training, 14?15 April 2016, Kocaeli, Turkey The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article. This research was supported by Ni?de University Scientific Research Project (Project no: SSB2012/01).

Background: Functional status is the ability to perform daily activities. Little is known about quality of life and health status of gynaecological cancer patients. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate the functional status of women receiving treatment for gynecological oncological disease while not hospitalised. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study covered 42 patients monitored by the Gynecological Oncology Unit in 2011. Data were collected using the Functional Living Index-Cancer and analysed with the chi square test, independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: Of the 42 cases, 66.7% had been diagnosed within the previous year and 90.5% were undergoing chemotherapy. The most severe symptoms experienced were pain (35.7%), fatigue-weakness (40.5%) and nausea and vomiting (56.5%). Daily activities where the most difficulty was experienced were housework (28.6%), average pace walking (31.0%), carrying more than 5 kg (28.6%). The mean Functional Living Index score was quite high (103.5 +/- 24.1). FLIC-C scale scores did not vary with the educational status, diagnosis duration, and family history of cancer (p>0.05). Conclusions: Evaluation of the functional status of gynecological cancer patients and how they cope with problems should indicate to healthcare professionals what help can be given to maintain quality of life.

WOS: 000306126900011, PubMed ID: 22652936, PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) in women and to assess its impact on quality of life (QOL). DESIGN: We undertook a cross-sectional study based on interviews, using a structured questionnaire. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Two hundred eighty-eight women, aged 19 years and older, from gynecology outpatient clinics attached to a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey, were interviewed. INSTRUMENTS: Data were collected via a Turkish version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and the Wagner's Quality of Life scale. METHODS: Data were collected by face-to-face interviews with subjects and took approximately 30 minutes to complete. Potential risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of UI was 31.9%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the number of pregnancies (odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.28-0.99), UI in mother (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.35-4.50) and sister (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16-0.77), previous UI during pregnancy (OR = 12.22, 95% CI: 4.11-36.36) and postpartum period (OR = 11.28, 95% CI: 3.66-34.76), and body mass index (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.85) were associated with a higher likelihood of incontinence (P < .05). Ninety-two of 288 women (31.9%) stated that UI has a negative impact on their QOL and only 40 of 92 (43.5%) had asked for medical help. Impairment of QOL was related with the type of UI, frequency of UI episode, and amount of leakage. CONCLUSION: Our study results determined that UI is common in Turkish women. The QOL of women was mostly mildly or moderately affected by UI.

Objectives: In order to maximize the benefits from steroids, patients should understand treatment with this drug. The aim of this study was to investigate inpatients’ compliance to steroid treatment.Materials and methods: This study was carried out from April to June 2005 on a total voluntary 118 inpatients in internal medicine clinics of a university hospital. The data were collected using by a questionnaire form and data analysis was performed using frequency tables and chi−square tests.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 48.94±14.72 years and 70.3% of them was female. With regard of educational status, 44.9% of patients were elementary school graduates. A total of 45.8% reported that they had received information about steroids from a health professional. Although 99.2% - 94.6% of subjects knew the correct drug scheduling, only 52.5% knew how to calculate steroid dose. Additionally majority of them (83.1%) did not know side effects of drug and prevention from their side effects.Conclusion: According to our results, patients using steroid did not have sufficient information for adherence to this drug therapy and the patients experienced various problems. In order to relieve these problems, the patients should be better trained about steroid therapy by health professionals.

Aims and objectives. The aim was to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and the related risk factors as well as to assess its influence on the quality of life. Background. Although urinary incontinence is common during pregnancy and can have a substantial impact on quality of life, women rarely seek help for this symptom. Design. This study was designed as a cross-sectional and descriptive survey. Methods. A total of 393 pregnant women participated in the study between March and June 2007. The data was collected using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form and Wagner’s quality of life scale. Potential risk factors were investigated through logistic regression analysis. Results. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 27% (106/393). Factors significantly associated with urinary incontinence included age group, parity, previous urinary incontinence, constipation, urinary incontinence in mother and sister, previous urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum. Conclusion. According to the results of our study, urinary incontinence is common in women during pregnancy. The quality of life of pregnant women was found to be either unaffected or affected very little by urinary incontinence. Relevance to clinical practice. This study reveals that the prevalence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy is very high. The findings will help increase the awareness of health care workers involved in the care of pregnant women about urinary incontinence and aid the design of more intensive education programmes directed towards the prevention of urinary incontinence during pregnancy.

Background Hospitals have been described as hazardous work environments with an increase in job-related injuries. This situation creates great risks and hazards for housekeepers while carrying out their job. Methods This descriptive study was performed on 402 housekeepers working in patient-care services in Turkey. The data of this study were collected using a questionnaire form. This form included 26 questions about general features of housekeepers and working units, blunt and penetrating object injuries in the past 3 months and hepatitis B virus immunization. Results The majority of housekeepers (71.1%) are men, (54%) are graduates of primary school or are illiterate, and (73.6%) are married. Their mean age is 31.5 years; the mean length of employment is 3.2 years. Sixty-two point nine percent of them are working in medical/surgical units, 88.8% of them are working in routine cleaning, and 29.1% of them have been injured with various blunt and penetrating objects while working in hospital in the past 3 months. Only 26.6% of the housekeepers have been administered the hepatitis B vaccination. Conclusion This study showed a high frequency of blunt and penetrating object injuries in housekeepers. Therefore, more efforts are necessary to increase compliance with vaccination in housekeepers.

Amaç: Bu çalışma hemşirelik ve ebelik öğrencilerinde mesleki delici-kesici yaralanmaların sıklığı ve hepatit B bağışıklanma durumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Metod: Tanımlayıcı olarak yapılan bu çalışmada hemşirelik ve ebelik öğrencilerinin kendilerinin doldurdurduğu bir anket uygulandı. Çalışmada bir üniversitenin hemşirelik ve ebelik bölümünde okuyan öğrencilerde delicikesici yaralanmaların sıklığı ve Hepatit B aşılı olma durumları geriye dönük olarak belirlendi. Mayıs-Haziran 2011 tarihlerinde 325 (%84,5) öğrenci klinik uygulamalı eğitimleri sırasında delici-kesici yaralanma maruziyeti ve Hepatit B aşılı olma durumları bakımından tarandı. Araştırmanın verileri yüzdelik ve Pearson Ki-Kare kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %50,8'i klinik uygulma sırasında delici-kesici yaralanma olduğunu bildirdi. Yaralanan öğrencilerin %54,5'i işlem sırasında ya da işlem sonrasında yaralandığını belirtti. Yaralanmış olan öğrencilerin %50,3'ü yaralanmayı rapor etmediğini söyledi. Bunların %27,5'i iğneyi kılıfına geçirirken yaralandığını bildirdi. Öğrencilerin %77,5'inin Hepatit B'ye karşı aşılanma serisini tamamladığı belirlendi. Sonuç: Bu çalışma öğrencilerde delici-kesici yaralanmaların sıklığının yüksek, hepatit B'ye karşı aşılı olma sıklığının düşük olduğunu dösterdi. Bu nedenle, hemşirelik ve ebelik öğrencilerine Uluslararası Önlemler ile ilgili farkındalıklarını arttırmak ve klinik uygulamaya başlamadan önce hepatit B'ye karşı tam bağışıklama için kurumun işleyişine uyumlarını sağlamak için eğitim yapılmalıdır., Objective: The aims of this study were to identify the frequency of needlestick/sharps injuries (NSISIs) in nursing/midwifery students and the rate of Hepatitis B vaccination. Method: This descriptive survey was done on a sample of nursing and midwifery students using selfadministered questionnaire. The frequency and mechanism of needlestick and sharp injuries (NSISIs) and the prevalence of hepatitis B immunisation were determined retrospectively by surveying a nursing and midwifery school in a university. In May and June 2011. 325 (84.5%) students were questioned about NSISIs on whether they had experienced during their clinical practice and about their hepatitis B immunisation histories. The data were represented as percentages and analysed using Pearson ?2-values. Results: 50.8% of the students reported NSISIs in clinical practice. 54.5% of injured students had been injured during or after a procedure. 50.3% of injured students said they hadn't reported their injury. 27.5% of them reported that the injury occurred when recapping a needle. Overall 77.5% of all respondents had completed their series of vaccinations against hepatitis B. Conclusion: This study showed that students frequently sustain NSISIs and that the hepatitis B immunisation rate was low. The nursing and midwifery students should be trained about ocuppational risk to increase their awareness of and compliance their Universal Precaution and instituting policies so that they are fully immunised againist hepatitis B before begining clinical practice.

Meme kanseri Türkiye'de kadınlarda en sık görülen kanser türlerinden biridir. Meme kanserini erken teşhisinde kullanılan metotlar sağlık inanç değişkenleri ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, kadınların meme kanserini tarama davranışları ile ilgili sağlık inançlarını belirlemekti. Metot: Bu tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel çalışma, 2009 Mayıs ve Ekim ayları arasında Niğde Kanser Erken Teşhis, Tarama ve Eğitim Merkezi'ne başvuran 344 kadın ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler, sosyo-demografik özellikler ve meme kanseri risk faktörlerini içeren bir anket formu ve Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veri analizi frekans ve Mann-Whitney U Testi kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi., Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting women in Turkey. The early detection methods for breast cancer have been associated with health belief variables. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine women's health beliefs related to breast cancer screening behaviours. Methods: This study was designed as descriptive and cross-sectional survey and was performed on 344 women who applied the Nigde Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening and Education Center between May and October 2009. The data were collected using a questionnaire which consists of socio-demographic characteristics and breast cancer risk factors and Health Belief Model Scale. Data analysis was performed using frequency and Mann-Whitney U Test. All values of p0.05). According to study results, the rate of regular BSE performance rate for women was found low. Therefore, KETEM was planned to the training programs related to breast cancer screening methods

Aim and objective. To describe the rate of needlestick/sharp injuries in nursing students, to estimate the rate of vaccination administration and to define nursing students’ status using universal precautions for protecting from blood-borne infections. Background. Nursing students have a high risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens because they may have insufficient background knowledge to recognise the level of risk posed by a particular patient and their inexperience with procedural skills and infection control procedures. Design. This study was designed as a retrospective and descriptive survey. Methods. The frequency and mechanism of needlestick/sharp injuries and hepatitis B immunisation were determined retrospectively by surveying students in three nursing schools. In November 2004, 473 students were questioned about needlestick/sharp injuries that they had sustained during their clinical practice and hepatitis B immunisations. Results. Forty-nine per cent of the students who responded sustained injuries; of these 74% were injured while on wards. The highest number (72·2%) had been injured by hollow-bore needles; 65·2% who were injured were not wearing gloves at the time of injury; 27% of injuries were associated with recapping the needle; 43·9% reported their injuries to administrators and the rate of those receiving medical assistance after needlestick/sharp injuries was less than not seeking assistance; 67·7% had been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Conclusion. This study showed that nursing students frequently sustain needlestick/sharp injuries and hepatitis B immunisation rate was low. Relevance to clinical practice. Findings will help in designing more intensive education programs directed at the students to increase their awareness of and compliance with Universal Precautions and in instituting policies so that they are fully immunised against hepatitis B before beginning clinical practice.

Background. Although renal transplantations remove many limitations, dialysis can improve quality life in patients with end-stage renal disease, once transplantation has been performed and the patient has been discharged with a functioning graft, life with a chronic illness continues. Aims and objectives. This study was carried out to define problems encountered by patients undergoing kidney transplantation and their knowledge and practices on healthy living. Design. This study was designed as a retrospective and descriptive survey. Methods. This study was performed on 125 patients who were followed at Social Insurance Institute's Ankara Speciality Hospital Transplantation Clinic between March and August 2001. A convenience sample was drawn from the population of renal transplant patients. A questionnaire was prepared based on the literature, which included patients’ socio-demographic information, physiological problems, diseases and repeated hospitalizations; side-effects and usage of immunosuppressive drugs, knowledge and practices of patients regarding healthy living and their knowledge needs. Data were collected through interviews. Percentage and chi-square test were used in evaluation of the data. Results. Physiological problems and diseases after renal transplantations were seen such as 38.4% had infections in urinary and respiratory tract. Some had hypertension (22.4%) hypercholesterolaemia (26.5%) and 5.6% had malignancy. Most (67.2%) developed antirejection drugs side-effects. About 55.2% were admitted to hospital after renal transplantation and 68.8% had not received any training after transplantation from a health professional. Only 35.2% knew the signs and symptoms of rejection entirely or partly. It was determined that 55.2% stated that they avoid sunlight and 56% stated that they exercise regularly. Only 26.8% of female patients do regular breast self-examination. While 52.8% listed the forbidden foods correctly, only 27.2% could list the forbidden beverages accurately. Conclusions. According to the results, patients undergoing renal transplantation experience various problems that may influence their quality of life adversely and their knowledge and practice is not adequate for them to continue to lead healthy lives. Relevance to clinical practice. In accordance with the results of the study, offering continuing education and counselling services, preparing training guides, brochures, video cassettes and CDs for patient education, improving the national web sites to inform the public and creation of a home care system were suggested.