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Background Pre-eclampsia and being born small for gestational age are associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Placental dysfunction is a key pathological process underpinning these conditions; thus, markers of placental function have the potential to identify pregnancies ending in pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and the birth of a small for gestational age infant. Primary objective To assess the predictive ability of late pregnancy (after 24 weeks’ gestation) tests in isolation or in combination for adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with placental dysfunction, including pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, delivery of a SGA infant (more specifically neonatal growth restriction), and stillbirth. Methods Studies assessing the ability of biochemical tests of placental function and/or ultrasound parameters in pregnant women beyond 24 weeks’ gestation to predict outcomes including pre-eclampsia, stillbirth, delivery of a SGA infant (including neonatal growth restriction), and/or fetal growth restriction will be identified by searching the following databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, CINAHL, ISRCTN registry, UK Clinical Trials Gateway, and WHO International Clinical Trials Portal. Any study design in which the biomarker and ultrasound scan potential predictors have been assessed after 24 weeks’ gestation but before diagnosis of outcomes (pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, SGA (including neonatal growth restriction), and stillbirth) will be eligible (this would include randomized control trials and nested prospective case-control and cohort studies), and there will be no restriction on the background risk of the population. All eligible studies will be assessed for risk of bias using the modified QUADAS-2 tool. Meta-analyses will be undertaken using the ROC models to estimate and compare test discrimination and reclassification indices to test calibration. Validation will be explored by comparing consistency across studies. Discussion This review will assess whether current published data reporting either a single or combination of tests in late pregnancy can accurately predict adverse pregnancy outcome(s) associated with placental dysfunction. Accurate prediction could allow targeted management and possible intervention for high-risk pregnancies, ultimately avoiding adverse outcomes associated with placental disease. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018107049

This article explores the implementation of special collections interlibrary loan policies and procedures at the University of South Florida (USF), focusing particularly on the development of polic...

This article explores best practices for supporting digital humanities (DH) activity and pedagogy in the undergraduate classroom on campuses without a DH center in the library. By examining specifi...

Introduction: Discriminating between placentally-mediated fetal growth restriction and constitutionally-small fetuses is a challenge in obstetric practice. Placental growth factor (PlGF), measurable in the maternal circulation, may have this discriminatory capacity. Methods: Plasma PlGF was measured in women presenting with suspected fetal growth restriction (FGR; ultrasound fetal abdominal circumference

The field of bibliometrics provides a lens through which to explore how a journal’s environment is shaped by the professionals that contribute to its creation and maintenance. Despite a rich legacy of bibliometric studies in Library and Information Science scholarship more generally, to date no studies have explored bibliometrics related specifically to special collections library literature. This study considers the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section (RBMS) of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) journals, RBML and RBM, to explore what it is possible to learn about late twentieth and early twenty-first century American special collections librarianship as a profession through an aggregate consideration of the professional literature. This study uses existing tools from author affiliation studies to explore the professional literature and available data about the perspectives that shaped the RBMS journals, RBML and RBM, to gain a better understanding of the particular ecosystem that informs research and publication in the field of American special collections librarianship.

Libraries constantly seek information from their faculty partners on what, precisely, is needed from the library to support their teaching and research needs. This paper uses a case study from the University of South Florida (USF) as a framework to explore methods for determining the curriculum and research needs of faculty across disciplinary boundaries and ways for promoting library resources and services to departments across campus. Using syllabus analysis, website analysis, focus groups, and interviews, this project sought to evaluate faculty needs without relying on surveys. The data gathered from this case study will allow the liaisons at the University of South Florida to better serve and support the evolving needs of faculty and will also provide a framework and methodology for liaisons at other institutions to determine the specific needs of faculty at their universities.

Preeclampsia remains a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prediction, diagnosis and management continue to be challenging but advances in the understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying the disease has enabled identification of multiple biomarkers, some of which aid prediction of those at risk. Even in isolation, some of these biomarkers have demonstrated sufficient test performance for incorporation into clinical practice. A combination of the most promising biomarkers and clinical factors may improve risk prediction, and aid diagnosis and subsequent management through development of integrated clinical risk models. This article aims to review the literature relating to biomarkers in preeclampsia and summarize the possible clinical applications of these findings.

Increasing adoption and implementation of social media applications suggests a cultural shift in the way special collections departments communicate with external constituents. Research shows many social networking tools are used successfully to connect with special collections patrons, but limited documentation exists to describe whether special collections departments receive demonstrable returns for the time, effort, and energy expended to sustain social media activity. This article provides the results of an empirical study that examined social media usage in special collections departments at 125 Association of Research Libraries member institutions. By analyzing publicly available data from profiles on a variety of social media platforms, the authors explore how special collections units employ social networking tools and whether it is possible to determine success in terms of benefits received by the department, such as increased dialogue between departments and supporters. By using return on inves...

Background— Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a major contributor to death and disability for pregnant women and their infants. The diagnosis of preeclampsia by using blood pressure and proteinuria is of limited use because they are tertiary, downstream features of the disease. Placental growth factor (PlGF) is an angiogenic factor, a secondary marker of associated placental dysfunction in preeclampsia, with known low plasma concentrations in the disease. Methods and Results— In a prospective multicenter study, we studied the diagnostic accuracy of low plasma PlGF concentration (P Conclusions— In women presenting before 35 weeks’ gestation with suspected preeclampsia, low PlGF has high sensitivity and negative predictive value for preeclampsia within 14 days, is better than other currently used tests, and presents an innovative adjunct to management of such women.

To evaluate 47 biomarkers (selected from the current medical literature), in isolation or in combination with placental growth factor (PlGF), to determine the need for delivery within 14 days, in women presenting with suspected preterm preeclampsia.METHODS:In a prospective, multicenter observational study, 47 biomarkers were measured in 423 women presenting with suspected preterm preeclampsia (in two prespecified groups: group 1 at less than 35 weeks of gestation and group 2 presenting between 35 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation) to evaluate their ability to determine the primary endpoint: preeclampsia requiring delivery within 14 days. Using factor analysis and stepwise logistic regression, we sought one or more additional biomarkers for optimal determination of the primary endpoint.RESULTS:In women presenting at less than 35 weeks of gestation (n=286), the best performing combination of PlGF, podocalyxin, endoglin, procalcitonin (receiver operating curve [ROC] area 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-0.93) was not statistically better than PlGF alone (ROC 0.87, 95% CI 0.83-0.92; P=.43) for preeclampsia requiring delivery within 14 days. Two other single markers had test performance that was not significantly different to PlGF (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 [sFlt-1] ROC 0.83, 95% CI 0.78-0.88; endoglin ROC 0.83, 95% CI 0.79-0.88). Similar findings were found in women presenting between 35 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation (n=137): ROC for PlGF alone 0.75 (95% CI 0.67-0.83); ROC for PlGF, cystatin, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in combination 0.81 (95% CI 0.74-0.88; P=.40).CONCLUSION:This study supports the growing body of evidence that a single angiogenesis-related biomarker (PlGF, sFlt-1, or endoglin) alone represents a useful diagnostic test for women presenting with suspected preterm preeclampsia.

Librarians have long struggled to find user-friendly mediums to provide meaningful information to patrons using bibliographies, pathfinders, and subject guides with varying degrees of success. Content management systems, such as Springshare's LibGuides, have recently been developed to facilitate the creation of online subject guides. Special collections units also struggle with this issue. This article examines how special collections are presented on the Web, the use of LibGuides for special collections, and how the use of LibGuides is facilitating the goal to provide information in a meaningful way by Special and Digital Collections at the University of South Florida Tampa Library.

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore the utility of Springshare's LibGuides platform for special collections repositories and to evaluate the collection guides built by Special & Digital Collections at the University of South Florida in LibGuides.Design/methodology/approachThis paper explores how academic libraries have used LibGuides previously and provides a case study that suggests new ways for special collections repositories to make the most of the product.FindingsThe simplicity and easy‐to‐update functionality of LibGuides works well for USF's Special & Digital Collections collection guides. The flexible API allowed SDC to embed digital content, enable user comments, advertise events, and measure the impact of various services.Practical implicationsLibGuides provides an intuitive, simple, and cost‐effective method to create dynamic and frequently updated guides to special collections.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to explore the use of LibGuides in a special collections repository.

“Is nothing sacred? Christ’s Harrowing through Lewis’s Gothic lens” examines the anti-Catholic symbolism and distortion in Matthew Lewis’s The Monk. While it is acknowledged that extensive past research on the perversions of Catholic dogma in the text already exists, this article focuses specifically on the text’s inversion of one piece of Catholic doctrine that has yet to be sufficiently examined – Christ’s Harrowing of Hell – and how Lewis inverted this doctrine to illustrate the Protestant view of Catholicism as selfish, cruel, and hypocritical. Research includes documentation to support claims about the general knowledge of the Harrowing doctrine during Lewis’s time, including the Catechism from the Council of Trent, to shore up the argument that the Harrowing doctrine (and general knowledge of it) would have survived through the Middle Ages to Lewis’s time.

2516 Background: A key metabolic alteration in tumour cells is an increased dependency on the glycolysis, resulting in the production of lactate, which is transported out of cells by MCTs. Inhibition of MCT-1 leads to a profound inhibition of cancer cell growth in preclinical models. AZD3965 is a FIC inhibitor of MCT-1, and we report results from the phase I study of this agent. Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumours were treated with oral (po) AZD3965 at total daily doses of 5-30mg given once (od) and twice daily (bd). Exclusion criteria included a history of retinal or cardiac disease due to preclinical toxicology findings in the eye and heart (which express MCT-1). The primary objectives were to determine the safety, dose limiting toxicities (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of AZD3965. Intensive pharmacokinetic (PK) profiling was performed with subsequent modelling for receptor occupancy. Pharmacodynamic profiling included imaging to detect pH changes and tumour glucose uptake; plasma/urine metabolomics and MCT-1 and MCT-4 tumour expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: 35 patients (20M:15F median age 65) were treated at dose levels 5, 10, 20, and 30mg od and 15 and 10mg bd. AZD3965 was generally well tolerated with nausea and fatigue (CTCAE Gr1-2) the most commonly reported side effects. A single DLT of cardiac troponin rise was observed at 20mg od. Asymptomatic, reversible retinal ERG changes were observed in all but the lowest dose levels, with DLTs observed at doses above 20mg od. PK data indicate exposures in the preclinical efficacy range. Metabolomic changes in urinary lactate and urinary ketones correlate with on-target activity. The increase in urinary ketones is likely to be attributable to the role of MCT1 in physiological ketone transport. Conclusions: The MCT1 inhibitor AZD3965 can be administered to patients at doses which engage the drug target, with a MTD of 20mg od po. DLTs seen were primarily dose dependent, asymptomatic and reversible changes in retinal function, which were an expected on-target effect. Investigation of the activity of AZD3965 is ongoing in tumours known to express MCT1. Clinical trial information: NCT01791595.

Objectives To assess the diagnostic accuracy of placental growth factor (PlGF) and ultrasound parameters to predict delivery of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant in women presenting with reduced symphysis–fundus height (SFH). Methods This was a multicenter prospective observational study recruiting 601 women with a singleton pregnancy and reduced SFH between 24 and 37 weeks' gestation across 11 sites in the UK and Canada. Plasma PlGF concentration 95th centile and oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index

In Archives Alive, Diantha Dow Schull expertly demonstrates the strength, vitality, and importance of rare books, special collections, and archives departments located in public libraries rather than academic or research libraries. Schull’s purpose is two-fold. First, she demonstrates the breadth and depth of special collections in public libraries; second, she demonstrates how twenty-first-century special collections departments work, frequently with technology, to increase engagement with the publics they serve. The scope is limited to special collections departments in American public libraries, but within these parameters, coverage is exhaustive and strikes an appropriate balance between activities at large, well-funded institutions and smaller departments with more modest resources.

The authors of this chapter interviewed librarians from fifteen academic institutions who participated in a selection process for a discovery service. The pool of academic institutions engaged in the interviews represented universities and colleges of varying sizes in order to capture a variety of approaches to selection. Institutions were further chosen based on their use of a defined selection process that resulted in a recommendation and implementation of a discovery service. These interviews informed the identification of best practices and challenges faced in the selection process. The methodology and a summary of the interviews are described. The challenge of pursuing best practices is also discussed.

Objective: To determine normal values for amniotic fluid index (AFI) in uncomplicated post-dates singleton pregnancies and compare it to current reference ranges. Population: Four hundred and forty-eight women with singleton, uncomplicated pregnancies, presenting for post-dates assessment (gestation 40+0 to 42+0 weeks) between January 1, 2004 and June 30, 2005. Methods: Ultrasound assessment of liquor to calculate the AFI. Results: The mean and standard deviation for AFI in the sample was 9.86 (SD 3.4), which is significantly different to the mean of the currently used reference range (mean 11.6, SD 3.9, p < 0.0001). The 5th percentile in this population was 4.6 cm. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated lower mean and 5th percentile values for AFI in post-dates pregnancies than current reference ranges. It has the largest published UK study population, and can therefore be used as a reference range in similar populations, which is likely to reduce unnecessary obstetric interventions.

Background: Numerous studies have investigated patient outcomes of cardiac surgery, including some examining health-related quality of life. While these studies have provided some insight into patients' physical function, social abilities and perceived quality of life, studies examining the experiences of individuals recovering from cardiac surgery have received only limited investigation. Aims: This paper presents a thematic analysis of interviews conducted with patients recovering from cardiothoracic surgery, about their memories and experiences of hospital and recovery post-hospital discharge. Methods: Using an exploratory qualitative approach, eight participants were interviewed 6 months following their surgery. Transcripts of interviews were examined using a content analysis approach, with open coding of text and categorising of similar concepts into themes. Findings: Participants reported varying degrees of pain and physical dysfunction during their recovery from surgery and some had still not returned to optimal function. Seven themes emerged from the data: impressions of ICU; comfort/discomfort; being sick/getting better; companionship/isolation; hope/hopelessness; acceptance/apprehension; and life changes. A number of the themes were constructed as a continuum, with participants often demonstrating a range of views or experiences. Many had little or no memory of their stay in the intensive care unit, although others had vivid recollections. Their impressions of hospital were mostly positive, although many experienced fear, apprehension, and mood disturbances at some time during their recovery. Most participants recalled being sick, reaching a turning point, and then getting better. Many participants reported a change in life view since their recovery from surgery. Conclusions: Attention to specific areas of patient orientation, education and support was identified to facilitate realistic expectations of recovery. In addition, some form of systematic follow-up that focuses on patient recovery in terms of both physical and psychological function is important.

The SGA infant is at increased risk of short and long-term health complications. Identifying the SGA fetus remains challenging. Placental insufficiency contributes to pathogenesis and it has been proposed that markers of placental function such as PlGF may improve prediction. PELICAN FGR, a large multicentre, prospective observational study measuring PlGF in women with reduced symphysis fundal height (SFH), assessed the ability of PlGF and ultrasound parameters to predict delivery of an SGA infant. 592 women with singleton pregnancies and reduced SFH between 24–37 weeks’ gestation across 11 sites in UK and Canada were analysed. Plasma PlGF was measured at enrolment and ultrasound data recorded. Plasma PlGF concentration th centile, estimated fetal weight th centile (EFW10), umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index > 95 th centile and oligohydramnios were compared as predictors for an SGA infant rd (SGA3) and th (SGA10) customised birthweight centiles. Test performance statistics were calculated for all parameters in isolation and combination. Sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of EFW10 for SGA3 (n = 78) were 61% and 93% respectively; for SGA10 (n = 192) they were 49% and 77% respectively. PlGF had sensitivity of 37% and NPV of 90% for SGA3. In combination, PlGF and EFW10 had sensitivity of 69% and NPV of 93% for SGA3. In women presenting with reduced SFH, EFW10 and other ultrasound parameters have modest test performance for prediction of a subsequent SGA infant. PlGF performed no better than EFW10 in determining delivery of an SGA infant. Incorporating PlGF with ultrasound parameters provided modest improvements in test performance.

Introduction Evidence exists to suggest that the symptoms of pre-eclampsia are mediated by an imbalance of circulating angiogenic factors of placental origin; reduced concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF) have been correlated with disease severity. Methods A prospective, observational, cohort study was undertaken in seven UK maternity units. Women presenting 20 + 0 to 40 + 6 weeks gestation with suspected pre-eclampsia had serum PlGF measurement. ISSHP definitions of hypertensive disease were assigned, blinded to PlGF values. Analysis of the enrolment sample was conducted to evaluate diagnostic accuracy for pre-eclampsia requiring delivery within 14 days for very low PlGF ( 12 pg/ml 5th centile) as referent. Results Diagnosis of pre-eclampsia requiring delivery within 14 days using 5th centile as threshold. Conclusion In women presenting

Free and acetylated urinary putrescine, spermine and spermidine levels (UPA) and total polyamine excretion were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 57 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and 43 control patients. Mean UPA levels were higher and the number of abnormal UPAs per sample greater for cancer patients but maximum single UPA sensitivity was only 29%. No control subject had more than 2 abnormal UPA values compared with 42% of patients with EOC. Rising UPA levels reflected progressive disease in 83% of patients and fell with tumour response in 66 %.