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1. A Bi-Institutional Study of Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Manifestations in Children With PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome

Author

Darren Liu, Suzanne P. MacFarland, Lamis Yehia, Melani M. Duvall, Petar Mamula, Jacob A. Kurowski, Colleen S. Greene, Kadakkal Radhakrishnan, and Charis Eng

Subjects
PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gastrointestinal Polyps, Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Background and Aims: PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) confers a high risk of specific cancers and is the most common genetic cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Gastrointestinal (GI) phenotypes in PHTS are poorly characterized in children. Thus, we aimed to characterize the GI and hepatic manifestations in children with PHTS and to investigate genotype-phenotype associations. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of prospectively accrued children with PHTS at 2 tertiary-care centers. Wilcoxon rank-sum, Chi-squared, and Fisher’s exact tests and Firth’s logistic regression were utilized to explore associations between variables. Results: This series included 80 children with disease-causing PTEN variants. Common GI manifestations included constipation in 41 (51%), feeding issues in 31 (39%), and polyps in 22 (28%) children. The polyps were of mixed histologic types. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders were observed in 5 (6%) children. Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, and protein-losing enteropathy were observed once each. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders were observed exclusively in patients without ASD (P = .052). Nonsense PTEN variants were enriched in those with polyps (P = .029). Missense PTEN variants (OR 2.9, P = .034) and upper GI polyps (OR 4.4, P = .018) were associated with increased odds of constipation. Conclusion: Constipation and feeding issues are common in children with PHTS. Polyps are more prevalent in children with PHTS than previously described and associated with nonsense PTEN variants. Children without ASD represent a distinct patient subset with a predisposition to eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders and possibly upper GI polyps. Endoscopic evaluation should continue to be performed in symptomatic children with PHTS, with consideration of closer follow-up in those without ASD.

Published
2024
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3. Concurrent Beet Juice and Carbohydrate Ingestion: Influence on Glucose Tolerance in Obese and Nonobese Adults

Author

Joseph W. Beals, Scott E. Binns, Janelle L. Davis, Gregory R. Giordano, Anna L. Klochak, Hunter L. Paris, Melani M. Schweder, Garrett L. Peltonen, Rebecca L. Scalzo, and Christopher Bell

Subjects
Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Insulin resistance and obesity are characterized by low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Insulin sensitivity is improved with stimulation of NO generating pathways. Consumption of dietary nitrate (NO3-) increases NO formation, via NO3- reduction to nitrite (NO2-) by oral bacteria. We hypothesized that acute dietary nitrate (beet juice) ingestion improves insulin sensitivity in obese but not in nonobese adults. 12 nonobese (body mass index: 26.3±0.8 kg/m2 (mean ± SE)) and 10 obese adults (34.0±0.8 kg/m2) ingested beet juice, supplemented with 25 g of glucose (carbohydrate load: 75 g), with and without prior use of antibacterial mouthwash to inhibit NO3- reduction to NO2-. Blood glucose concentrations after beet juice and glucose ingestion were greater in obese compared with nonobese adults at 60 and 90 minutes (P=0.004). Insulin sensitivity, as represented by the Matsuda Index (where higher values reflect greater insulin sensitivity), was lower in obese compared with nonobese adults (P=0.009). Antibacterial mouthwash rinsing decreased insulin sensitivity in obese (5.7±0.7 versus 4.9±0.6) but not in nonobese (8.1±1.0 versus 8.9±0.9) adults (P=0.048). In conclusion, insulin sensitivity was improved in obese but not in nonobese adults following coingestion of beet juice and glucose when oral bacteria nitrate reduction was not inhibited. Obese adults may benefit from ingestion of healthy nitrate-rich foods during meals.

Published
2017
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4. Regulators of human white adipose browning: evidence for sympathetic control and sexual dimorphic responses to sprint interval training.

Author

Rebecca L Scalzo, Garrett L Peltonen, Gregory R Giordano, Scott E Binns, Anna L Klochak, Hunter L R Paris, Melani M Schweder, Steve E Szallar, Lacey M Wood, Dennis G Larson, Gary J Luckasen, Matthew S Hickey, and Christopher Bell

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The conversion of white adipose to the highly thermogenic beige adipose tissue has been proposed as a potential strategy to counter the unfavorable consequences of obesity. Three regulators of this conversion have recently emerged but information regarding their control is limited, and contradictory. We present two studies examining the control of these regulators. Study 1: In 10 young men, the plasma concentrations of irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were determined prior to and during activation of the sympathetic nervous system via hypoxic gas breathing (FIO2 = 0.11). The measurements were performed twice, once with and once without prior/concurrent sympathetic inhibition via transdermal clonidine administration. FGF21 was unaffected by basal sympathetic inhibition (338±113 vs. 295±80 pg/mL; P = 0.43; mean±SE), but was increased during hypoxia mediated sympathetic activation (368±135); this response was abrogated (P = 0.035) with clonidine (269±93). Irisin was unaffected by sympathetic inhibition and/or hypoxia (P>0.21). Study 2: The plasma concentration of irisin and FGF21, and the skeletal muscle protein content of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) was determined in 19 young adults prior to and following three weeks of sprint interval training (SIT). SIT decreased FGF21 (338±78 vs. 251±36; P = 0.046) but did not affect FNDC5 (P = 0.79). Irisin was decreased in males (127±18 vs. 90±23 ng/mL; P = 0.045) and increased in females (139±14 vs. 170±18). Collectively, these data suggest a potential regulatory role of acute sympathetic activation pertaining to the browning of white adipose; further, there appears to be a sexual dimorphic response of irisin to SIT.

Published
2014
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7. Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

Author

Russian Science Foundation, Leipzig University, German Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Carl Tryggers Foundation, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation (US), American Association of University Women, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Estonian Science Foundation, Government of Canada, St. John's University, Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Latvian Council of Science, Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society Te Apārangi, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Natural Resources Canada, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Nanyang Technological University, Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Striuchkova, Anastasia V. [0000-0002-6666-5844], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Barnes, Andrew D. [0000-0002-6499-381X], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Bernava, Verónica [0000-0002-7654-7913], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Doblas-Miranda, E. [0000-0003-3366-2759], Drescher. Jochen [0000-0002-5162-9779], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Høye, Toke T. [0000-0001-5387-3284], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Kapinga, Esther M. [0000-0002-2454-6820], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], Henning Krogh, Paul [0000-0003-2033-553X], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Mawan, Amanda [0000-0003-1820-7432], Moreno Mateos, D. [0000-0002-1539-5848], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Nielsen, Uffe N. [0000-0003-2400-7453], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Slade, Eleanor M. [0000-0002-6108-1196], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Potapov, Anton, Chen, Ting-Wen, Striuchkova, Anastasia V., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexandre, Douglas, Arbea, Javier I., Ashton, Thomas, Ashwood, Frank, Babenko, Anatoly, Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Duarte Maluche Baretta, Carolina R., Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Kapinga, Esther M., Kovac, L'ubomír, Krab, Eveline J., Henning Krogh, Paul, Kuu, Annely, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Lam Weng, Ngai, Russell, David J., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., Mawan, Amanda, McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Mitchell, Grace I., Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Moreno Mateos, D., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, Uffe N., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Ponge, Jean-François, Potapov, Mikhail B., Salmon, Sandrine, Querner, Pascal, Rai, Bibishan, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Reis, Aline S., Ross, Giles M., Rousseau, Laurent, Santoja, Mathieu, Saraeva, Anna K., Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shaw, Peter, Baretta, Dilmar, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Slade, Eleanor M., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Tay, Li Si, Thakur, Madhav P., Treasure, Anne M., Barnes, Andrew D., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Widyastuti, Rahayu, Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Bellini, Bruno C., Yin, Rui, Zampaulo, Robson A., Zeppelini, Douglas, Zhang, Bing, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Ashford, Oliver, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Scheu, Stefan, Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Berg, Matty P., Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bokova, Anna I., Bolger, Thomas, Bouchard, Mathieu, Brito, Roniere A., Buchori, Damayanti, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chomel, Mathilde, Chow, Yasuko, Chown, Steven L., Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Deharveng, Louis, Doblas-Miranda, E., Drescher. Jochen, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ellers, J., Ferlian, Olga, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Ferreira, Alisa S., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gers. Charles, Greve, Michelle, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Tanya Handa, Ira, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Heiniger, Charlène, Hishi, Takuo, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Høye, Toke T., Ivask, Mari, Jacques, Bob, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Russian Science Foundation, Leipzig University, German Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Carl Tryggers Foundation, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation (US), American Association of University Women, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Estonian Science Foundation, Government of Canada, St. John's University, Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Latvian Council of Science, Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society Te Apārangi, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Natural Resources Canada, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Nanyang Technological University, Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Striuchkova, Anastasia V. [0000-0002-6666-5844], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Barnes, Andrew D. [0000-0002-6499-381X], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Bernava, Verónica [0000-0002-7654-7913], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Doblas-Miranda, E. [0000-0003-3366-2759], Drescher. Jochen [0000-0002-5162-9779], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Høye, Toke T. [0000-0001-5387-3284], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Kapinga, Esther M. [0000-0002-2454-6820], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], Henning Krogh, Paul [0000-0003-2033-553X], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Mawan, Amanda [0000-0003-1820-7432], Moreno Mateos, D. [0000-0002-1539-5848], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Nielsen, Uffe N. [0000-0003-2400-7453], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Slade, Eleanor M. [0000-0002-6108-1196], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Potapov, Anton, Chen, Ting-Wen, Striuchkova, Anastasia V., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexandre, Douglas, Arbea, Javier I., Ashton, Thomas, Ashwood, Frank, Babenko, Anatoly, Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Duarte Maluche Baretta, Carolina R., Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Kapinga, Esther M., Kovac, L'ubomír, Krab, Eveline J., Henning Krogh, Paul, Kuu, Annely, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Lam Weng, Ngai, Russell, David J., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., Mawan, Amanda, McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Mitchell, Grace I., Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Moreno Mateos, D., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, Uffe N., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Ponge, Jean-François, Potapov, Mikhail B., Salmon, Sandrine, Querner, Pascal, Rai, Bibishan, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Reis, Aline S., Ross, Giles M., Rousseau, Laurent, Santoja, Mathieu, Saraeva, Anna K., Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shaw, Peter, Baretta, Dilmar, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Slade, Eleanor M., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Tay, Li Si, Thakur, Madhav P., Treasure, Anne M., Barnes, Andrew D., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Widyastuti, Rahayu, Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Bellini, Bruno C., Yin, Rui, Zampaulo, Robson A., Zeppelini, Douglas, Zhang, Bing, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Ashford, Oliver, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Scheu, Stefan, Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Berg, Matty P., Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bokova, Anna I., Bolger, Thomas, Bouchard, Mathieu, Brito, Roniere A., Buchori, Damayanti, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chomel, Mathilde, Chow, Yasuko, Chown, Steven L., Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Deharveng, Louis, Doblas-Miranda, E., Drescher. Jochen, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ellers, J., Ferlian, Olga, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Ferreira, Alisa S., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gers. Charles, Greve, Michelle, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Tanya Handa, Ira, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Heiniger, Charlène, Hishi, Takuo, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Høye, Toke T., Ivask, Mari, Jacques, Bob, Janion-Scheepers, C., and Jochum, Malte

Abstract

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.

Published
2024

9. ANALISIS LABA KOTOR SEBAGAI ALAT EVALUASI PERENCANAAN LABA PADA ENTITAS USAHA.

Author

Melani, M. M., Firmansyah, and Anwar, S.

Abstract

Copyright of Jurnal Akunida is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024

10. Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails

Author

Russian Science Foundation, University of Göttingen, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (Australia), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Natural Resources Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Estonian Science Foundation, European Research Council, European Commission, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Souveraineté alimentaire (France), Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Ministère de la Transition écologique et de la Cohésion des territoires (France), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (France), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Government of Austria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica do Estado de Santa Catarina, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Crowther, Thomas W. [0000-0001-5674-8913], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Potapov, Anton, Guerra, Carlos A., van den Hoogen, Johan, Babenko, Anatoly, Bellini, Bruno C., Berg, Matty P., Chown, Steven L., Deharveng, Louis, Kovac, L'ubomír, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Ponge, Jean-François, Yin, Rui, Zeppelini, Douglas, Crowther, Thomas W., Eisenhauer, Nico, Scheu, Stefan, Potapov, Mikhail B., Russell, David J., Alexandre, Douglas, Alatalo, Juha M., Arbea, Javier I., Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bolger, Thomas, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chen, Ting-Wen, Chomel, Mathilde, Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gómez-Pamies, Diego F., Greve, Michelle, Handa, I. Tanya, Heiniger, Charlène, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Ivask, Mari, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Ferlian, Olga, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Baretta, Dilmar, Krab, Eveline J., Kuu, Annely, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Querner, Pascal, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Rousseau, Laurent, Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Salmon, Sandrine, Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Thakur, Madhav P., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Turnbull, Matthew S., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Russian Science Foundation, University of Göttingen, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (Australia), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Natural Resources Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Estonian Science Foundation, European Research Council, European Commission, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Souveraineté alimentaire (France), Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Ministère de la Transition écologique et de la Cohésion des territoires (France), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (France), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Government of Austria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica do Estado de Santa Catarina, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Crowther, Thomas W. [0000-0001-5674-8913], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Potapov, Anton, Guerra, Carlos A., van den Hoogen, Johan, Babenko, Anatoly, Bellini, Bruno C., Berg, Matty P., Chown, Steven L., Deharveng, Louis, Kovac, L'ubomír, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Ponge, Jean-François, Yin, Rui, Zeppelini, Douglas, Crowther, Thomas W., Eisenhauer, Nico, Scheu, Stefan, Potapov, Mikhail B., Russell, David J., Alexandre, Douglas, Alatalo, Juha M., Arbea, Javier I., Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bolger, Thomas, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chen, Ting-Wen, Chomel, Mathilde, Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gómez-Pamies, Diego F., Greve, Michelle, Handa, I. Tanya, Heiniger, Charlène, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Ivask, Mari, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Ferlian, Olga, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Baretta, Dilmar, Krab, Eveline J., Kuu, Annely, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Querner, Pascal, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Rousseau, Laurent, Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Salmon, Sandrine, Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Thakur, Madhav P., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Turnbull, Matthew S., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, and Xie, Zhijing

Abstract

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning.

Published
2023

11. Supplementary Table 1 from Rates of Intervention and Cancer Detection on Initial versus Subsequent Whole-body MRI Screening in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

Author

Kagami, Laura A.T., primary, Du, Yun K., primary, Fernandes, Conrad J., primary, Le, Anh N., primary, Good, Madeline, primary, Duvall, Melani M., primary, Baldino, Sarah E., primary, Powers, Jacquelyn, primary, Zelley, Kristin, primary, States, Lisa J., primary, Mathew, Manoj C., primary, Katona, Bryson W., primary, MacFarland, Suzanne P., primary, and Maxwell, Kara N., primary

Published
2023
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12. Data from Rates of Intervention and Cancer Detection on Initial versus Subsequent Whole-body MRI Screening in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

Author

Kagami, Laura A.T., primary, Du, Yun K., primary, Fernandes, Conrad J., primary, Le, Anh N., primary, Good, Madeline, primary, Duvall, Melani M., primary, Baldino, Sarah E., primary, Powers, Jacquelyn, primary, Zelley, Kristin, primary, States, Lisa J., primary, Mathew, Manoj C., primary, Katona, Bryson W., primary, MacFarland, Suzanne P., primary, and Maxwell, Kara N., primary

Published
2023
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13. Supplementary Table 2 from Rates of Intervention and Cancer Detection on Initial versus Subsequent Whole-body MRI Screening in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

Author

Kagami, Laura A.T., primary, Du, Yun K., primary, Fernandes, Conrad J., primary, Le, Anh N., primary, Good, Madeline, primary, Duvall, Melani M., primary, Baldino, Sarah E., primary, Powers, Jacquelyn, primary, Zelley, Kristin, primary, States, Lisa J., primary, Mathew, Manoj C., primary, Katona, Bryson W., primary, MacFarland, Suzanne P., primary, and Maxwell, Kara N., primary

Published
2023
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14. Rates of Intervention and Cancer Detection on Initial versus Subsequent Whole-body MRI Screening in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

Author

Kagami, Laura A.T., primary, Du, Yun K., additional, Fernandes, Conrad J., additional, Le, Anh N., additional, Good, Madeline, additional, Duvall, Melani M., additional, Baldino, Sarah E., additional, Powers, Jacquelyn, additional, Zelley, Kristin, additional, States, Lisa J., additional, Mathew, Manoj C., additional, Katona, Bryson W., additional, MacFarland, Suzanne P., additional, and Maxwell, Kara N., additional

Published
2023
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15. Abstract 5898: Bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) as a potential germline driver in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS)

Author

MacFarland, Suzanne P., primary, Greed, Bridgid, additional, Xie, Michael H., additional, Brodeur, Garrett M., additional, Cramer, Zvi, additional, Dent, Maiah H., additional, Duvall, Melani M., additional, Hamilton, Kathryn E., additional, Howe, James, additional, Karakasheva, Tatiana, additional, Mamula, Petar, additional, and Lengner, Christopher, additional

Published
2022
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16. Prevention of Dating Violence on College Campuses: An Innovative Program

Author

Schwartz, Jonathan P., Griffin, Linda D., and Russell, Melani M.

Abstract

Dating violence is a significant problem on college campuses that requires preventive interventions. In addition, sexist and stereotypical attitudes that support abusive dating behavior have been recognized as potential risk factors. Previous research has found that fraternity and sorority membership is related to stereotypical beliefs concerning gender differences and dating violence suggesting that fraternity and sorority members may be at high risk for involvement in dating violence. In this article, the authors evaluate current approaches by college counseling centers to prevent dating violence, describe a new prevention program, and discuss the effectiveness of this intervention for sorority and fraternity members.

Published
2006

17. Abstract 5898: Bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) as a potential germline driver in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS)

Author

Suzanne P. MacFarland, Bridgid Greed, Michael H. Xie, Garrett M. Brodeur, Zvi Cramer, Maiah H. Dent, Melani M. Duvall, Kathryn E. Hamilton, James Howe, Tatiana Karakasheva, Petar Mamula, and Christopher Lengner

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology
Abstract

Summary: Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome is a pediatric cancer predisposition syndrome for which approximately half of patients do not have a known germline driver; we propose BMPR2 as a possible germline driver of disease in mutation-negative JPS. Background: Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS) is a cancer predisposition syndrome characterized in some cases by inactivating germline mutations in BMPR1A or SMAD4. However, in 40-60% of patients the germline driver is unknown. Methods: Through whole exome sequencing, an individual with high polyp burden and negative genetic testing for variants in SMAD4 and BMPR1A was found to have a potentially inactivating germline variant in BMPR2. Under an IRB-approved protocol, patient-derived, three-dimensional organoids were established from adjacent colon and polyp tissue of this individual, as well as an individual with a BMPR1A deletion and age- and sex-matched controls. Proliferation, metabolic activity, and protein expression of each line were measured by Western blot, Ki67 staining, EdU labelling, cell titer glo (CTG) assay. Results: Distinct phenotypic differences are evident between colonoids from an individual with a BMPR1A deletion and both the colon and polyp BMPR2 variant colonoids, such as increased crypt budding and Ki67 staining. CTG assay data indicate higher metabolic activity in BMPR2 variant colonoids in comparison to normal controls (p= 0.0104.) Through Western blot analysis, both BMPR2 colon and polyp colonoids showed decreased SMAD4 expression and phosphorylation. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that clear phenotypic differences exist between colonoid lines established from normal controls, individuals with known JPS predisposition genes, and a novel candidate driver of disease, BMPR2. Proliferation and protein expression data suggest that both known and candidate genotypes are consistent with a hyperproliferative phenotype. In vitro data support BMPR2 as a candidate germline driver of the JPS phenotype, and additional study is ongoing regarding downstream pathway regulation in colonoids with a BMPR2 variant. Citation Format: Suzanne P. MacFarland, Bridgid Greed, Michael H. Xie, Garrett M. Brodeur, Zvi Cramer, Maiah H. Dent, Melani M. Duvall, Kathryn E. Hamilton, James Howe, Tatiana Karakasheva, Petar Mamula, Christopher Lengner. Bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) as a potential germline driver in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5898.

Published
2022

18. Evolution of the pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus on high copper levels identifies novel resistance genes

Author

Mariana Handelman, Zohar Meir, Yona Shadkchan, Ammar Abo Kandil, Orin Amano, Melani Mariscal, Manuel Sánchez López-Berges, and Nir Osherov

Subjects
Aspergillus fumigatus, laboratory evolution, Cu resistance, Pma1, Gcs1, Cpa1, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is the leading cause of severe mold infections in immunocompromised patients. This common fungus possesses innate attributes that allow it to evade the immune system, including its ability to survive the high copper (Cu) levels in phagosomes. Our previous work has revealed that under high Cu levels, the A. fumigatus transcription factor AceA is activated, inducing the expression of the copper exporter CrpA to expel excess Cu. To identify additional elements in Cu resistance, we evolved A. fumigatus wild-type and mutant ΔaceA or ΔcrpA strains under increasing Cu concentrations. Sequencing of the resultant resistant strains identified both shared and unique evolutionary pathways to resistance. Reintroduction of three of the most common mutations in genes encoding Pma1 (plasma membrane H+-ATPase), Gcs1 (glutamate cysteine-ligase), and Cpa1 (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase), alone and in combination, into wild-type A. fumigatus confirmed their additive role in conferring Cu resistance. Detailed analysis indicated that the pma1 mutation L424I preserves Pma1 H+-ATPase activity under high Cu concentrations and that the cpa1 mutation A37V confers a survival advantage to conidia in the presence of Cu. Interestingly, simultaneous mutations of all three genes did not alter virulence in infected mice. Our work has identified novel Cu-resistance pathways and provides an evolutionary approach for dissecting the molecular basis of A. fumigatus adaptation to diverse environmental challenges.IMPORTANCEAspergillus fumigatus is the most common mold infecting patients with weakened immunity. Infection is caused by the inhalation of mold spores into the lungs and is often fatal. In healthy individuals, spores are engulfed by lung immune cells and destroyed by a combination of enzymes, oxidants, and high levels of copper. However, the mold can protect itself by pumping out excess copper with specific transporters. Here, we evolved A. fumigatus under high copper levels and identified new genetic mutations that help it resist the toxic effects of copper. We studied how these mutations affect the mold’s ability to resist copper and how they impact its ability to cause disease. This is the first such study in a pathogenic mold, and it gives us a better understanding of how it manages to bypass our body’s defenses during an infection.

Published
2024
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24. A time-over-threshold machine: the readout integrated circuit for the BABAR silicon vertex tracker

Author

Kipnis, I., Collins, T., DeWitt, J., Dow, S., Frey, A., Grillo, A., Johnson, R., Kroeger, W., Leona, A., Luo, L., Mandelli, E., Manfredi, P.F., Melani, M., Momayezi, M., Morsani, F., Nyman, M., Pedrali-Noy, M., Poplevin, P., Spencer, E., Re, V., and Roe, N.

Subjects
Semiconductor nuclear counters -- Design and construction, Nuclear track detectors -- Design and construction, Linear accelerators -- Equipment and supplies, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

A low-noise, mixed-signal, 128-channel CMOS integrated circuit containing the complete readout electronics for the BABAR Silicon Vertex Tracker has been developed. The outstanding feature of the present implementation is the ability to perform simultaneously low-level signal acquisition, derandomizing data storage, sparsification and data transmission on a single monolithic chip. The signals from the detector strips are amplified, shaped by a CR-R[C.sup.2] filter with digitally selectable peaking time of 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, or 400 ns, and then presented to a time-over-threshold processor to implement a compression type ana-log-to-digital conversion. The digital information is stored, sparsified and read out through a serial link upon receipt of a command. The digital section operates from a 60 MHz incoming clock. Noise measurements at 200 ns peaking time and 3.5 mW total power dissipation per channel yield an equivalent noise charge of 600 el. rms at 12 pF added source capacitance. The chip measures 5.7 mm x 8.3 mm and contains 330k transistors. The first full-scale prototype was fabricated in a radiation soft 0.8 [[micro]meter], 3-metal CMOS process. The same circuit is now being fabricated in an analogous radiation hard technology.

Published
1997

26. Correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels with severity of work-related hand eczema among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

Author

Danny Surya, Melani Marissa, Windy Keumala Budianti, Rahadi Rihatmadja, Inge Ade Krisanti, Dewi Friska, and Sandra Widaty

Subjects
Hand eczema, healthcare worker, HECSI, serum 25(OH)D, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Background. Hand eczema (HE) commonly occurs in healthcare services, especially during COVID-19 pandemic era. Vitamin D shows various effects on skin inflammation. This study aims to analyze the correlation between HE severity and vitamin D levels as measured by serum 25(OH)D in healthcare workers. Method. This is an analytic descriptive study with a cross-sectional design conducted in Indonesia between September-October 2022. HE severity was assessed using Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI). Results. Among 44 healthcare workers with HE, 29 people had mild HE, 11 had moderate HE, and 4 had severe HE. The mean serum 25(OH)D level in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe HE was 17.85 ng/mL, 16.45 ng/mL, and 17.87 ng/mL, respectively, which belonged to vitamin D deficiency category. There was no statistically significant correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and HE severity (r = -0.056; p = 0.359). Conclusions. There was no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D levels between subjects with mild, moderate, and severe HE. Serum 25(OH)D level was not inversely correlated with HE severity.

Published
2023
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27. Concurrent Beet Juice and Carbohydrate Ingestion: Influence on Glucose Tolerance in Obese and Nonobese Adults

Author

Anna L. Klochak, Gregory R. Giordano, Garrett L. Peltonen, Janelle L. Davis, Joseph W. Beals, Scott E. Binns, Melani M. Schweder, Hunter L. Paris, Christopher Bell, and Rebecca L. Scalzo

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Article Subject, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Nitric oxide, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Medicine, Ingestion, Nitrite, lcsh:RC620-627, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Carbohydrate, medicine.disease, Obesity, Bioavailability, lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, business, Body mass index, Research Article, Food Science
Abstract

Insulin resistance and obesity are characterized by low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Insulin sensitivity is improved with stimulation of NO generating pathways. Consumption of dietary nitrate (NO3-) increases NO formation, viaNO3-reduction to nitrite (NO2-) by oral bacteria. We hypothesized that acute dietary nitrate (beet juice) ingestion improves insulin sensitivity in obese but not in nonobese adults. 12 nonobese (body mass index:26.3±0.8 kg/m2(mean ± SE)) and 10 obese adults (34.0±0.8 kg/m2) ingested beet juice, supplemented with 25 g of glucose (carbohydrate load: 75 g), with and without prior use of antibacterial mouthwash to inhibitNO3-reduction toNO2-. Blood glucose concentrations after beet juice and glucose ingestion were greater in obese compared with nonobese adults at 60 and 90 minutes (P=0.004). Insulin sensitivity, as represented by the Matsuda Index (where higher values reflect greater insulin sensitivity), was lower in obese compared with nonobese adults (P=0.009). Antibacterial mouthwash rinsing decreased insulin sensitivity in obese (5.7±0.7versus4.9±0.6) but not in nonobese (8.1±1.0versus8.9±0.9) adults (P=0.048). In conclusion, insulin sensitivity was improved in obese but not in nonobese adults following coingestion of beet juice and glucose when oral bacteria nitrate reduction was not inhibited. Obese adultsmaybenefit from ingestion of healthy nitrate-rich foods during meals.

Published
2017

28. Factors contributing to activity limitations in Leprosy patients in Sitanala Leprosy Village, Indonesia

Author

Anandika Pawitri, Sri Linuwih Menaldi, and Melani Marissa

Subjects
disability, impairment, leprosy, salsa scale, Dermatology, RL1-803, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Background and Design: To investigate the association between sociodemographic variables, illness duration, leprosy types, comorbidities, and World Health Organization disability grading system for leprosy with daily activity limitations in people with leprosy who had completed multidrug therapy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sitanala Leprosy Village, Tangerang, Indonesia, in April 2018. Sociodemographic data and leprosy baseline characteristics were obtained from patients with leprosy who had completed multidrug therapy. The Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness scale was used to measure limitations in performing daily functional activities. Results: A total of 205 people were included in the study, of which 39 (19%) had eye disabilities, 178 (86.8%) had hand disabilities, and 187 (91.2%) had foot disabilities. A total of 135 (65.8%) people had mild-to-moderate functional limitation, and 33 (16%) had severe-to-very severe functional limitation. The proportion of unemployed individuals was higher among those with severe-extreme limitation compared to those without significant limitation (p=0.01). Individuals with eye disability had a higher risk of having severe-extreme activity limitation compared to those without eye disability (p=0.008). A dose-response association of hands and foot disabilities with activity limitation was found; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of the association of hands and foot disabilities with mild-moderate activity limitation was 3.03 (p=0.012), and the association was greater with severe-extreme activity limitation (adjusted OR; 20.38, p=0.006). Conclusion: Severe disability is associated with functional activity limitations. The findings of the present study can guide healthcare providers in designing appropriate prevention and intervention services for patients with leprosy-related disabilities.

Published
2022
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29. Liposomal-encapsulated Ascorbic Acid: Influence on Vitamin C Bioavailability and Capacity to Protect Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Author

Scott E. Binns, Gregory R. Giordano, Joseph W. Beals, Janelle L. Davis, Hunter L. Paris, Melani M. Schweder, Rebecca L. Scalzo, Christopher Bell, and Emek Blair

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, lcsh:TX341-641, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pharmacology, Placebo, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, oral, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, oxidative stress, lcsh:RC620-627, Original Research, Liposome, Nutrition and Dietetics, Vitamin C, business.industry, Ascorbic acid, medicine.disease, Bioavailability, lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, stomatognathic diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Drug delivery, liposome, intravenous, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, business, Reperfusion injury, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Oxidative stress, Food Science, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Intravenous administration of vitamin C has been shown to decrease oxidative stress and, in some instances, improve physiological function in adult humans. Oral vitamin C administration is typically less effective than intravenous, due in part to inferior vitamin C bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral delivery of vitamin C encapsulated in liposomes. On 4 separate randomly ordered occasions, 11 men and women were administered an oral placebo, or 4 g of vitamin C via oral, oral liposomal, or intravenous delivery. The data indicate that oral delivery of 4 g of vitamin C encapsulated in liposomes (1) produces circulating concentrations of vitamin C that are greater than unencapsulated oral but less than intravenous administration and (2) provides protection from ischemia–reperfusion-mediated oxidative stress that is similar to the protection provided by unencapsulated oral and intravenous administrations.

Published
2016

30. Sympathetic inhibition attenuates hypoxia induced insulin resistance in healthy adult humans

Author

Gary J. Luckasen, Karyn L. Hamilton, Christopher Bell, Dennis G. Larson, Rebecca L. Scalzo, David Irwin, Thies Schroeder, Melani M. Schweder, and Garrett L. Peltonen

Subjects
Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, Sympathetic nervous system, medicine.diagnostic_test, Physiology, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Hypoxia (medical), medicine.disease, Clonidine, Pulse oximetry, Endocrinology, Insulin resistance, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Receptor, medicine.drug
Abstract

Acute exposure to hypoxia decreases insulin sensitivity in healthy adult humans; the mechanism is unclear, but increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system may be involved. We have investigated the hypothesis that short-term sympathetic inhibition attenuates hypoxia induced insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity (via the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) was determined in 10 healthy men (age 23 ± 1 years, body mass index 24.2 ± 0.8 kg m−2 (means ± SEM)), in a random order, during normoxia ( = 0.21), hypoxia ( = 0.11), normoxia and sympathetic inhibition (via 48 h transdermal administration of the centrally acting α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, clonidine), and hypoxia and sympathetic inhibition. Oxyhaemoglobin saturation (pulse oximetry) was decreased (P 0.25). The area under the noradrenaline curve (relative to the normoxia response) was increased with hypoxia (137 ± 13%; P = 0.02); clonidine prevented the hypoxia induced increase (94 ± 14%; P = 0.43). The glucose infusion rate (adjusted for fat free mass and circulating insulin concentration) required to maintain blood glucose concentration at 5 mmol l−1 during administration of insulin was decreased in hypoxia compared with normoxia (225 ± 23 vs. 128 ± 30 nmol (kg fat free mass)−1 pmol l−1 min−1; P = 0.03), and unchanged during normoxia and sympathetic inhibition (219 ± 19; P = 0.86) and hypoxia and sympathetic inhibition (169 ± 23; P = 0.23). We conclude that short-term sympathetic inhibition attenuates hypoxia induced insulin resistance.

Published
2012

31. Influence of Short-Term Consumption of the Caffeine-Free, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Supplement, Teavigo, on Resting Metabolism and the Thermic Effect of Feeding

Author

Christopher Bell, Mark C. Lonac, Jennifer C. Richards, Tyler K. Johnson, and Melani M. Schweder

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), Stimulation, Placebo, Antioxidants, Catechin, Beverages, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Weight loss, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Ingestion, Respiratory exchange ratio, Nutrition and Dietetics, Tea, Chemistry, Thermogenesis, Overweight, Treatment Outcome, Area Under Curve, Dietary Supplements, Basal metabolic rate, Female, Basal Metabolism, medicine.symptom, Energy Metabolism, Caffeine
Abstract

Green tea is purported to promote weight loss. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) are significant components of total daily energy expenditure and are partially determined by the sympathetic nervous system via catecholamine-mediated stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG: the most bioactive catechin in green tea) inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase, an enzyme contributing to the degradation of catecholamines. Accordingly, we hypothesized that short-term consumption of a commercially available EGCG supplement (Teavigo) augments RMR and TEF. On two separate occasions, seven placebo or seven EGCG capsules (135 mg/capsule) were administered to 16 adults (9 males, 7 females, age 25 ± 2 years, BMI 24.6 ± 1.2 kg/m(2) (mean ± s.e.)). Capsules (three/day) were consumed over 48 h; the final capsule was consumed 2 h prior to visiting the laboratory. Energy expenditure (ventilated hood technique) was determined at rest and for 5 h following ingestion of a liquid meal (caloric content: 40% RMR). Contrary to our hypothesis, RMR was not greater (P = 0.10) following consumption of EGCG (6,740 ± 373 kJ/day) compared with placebo (6,971 ± 352). Similarly, the area under the TEF response curve (Δ energy expenditure) was also unaffected by EGCG (246,808 ± 23,748 vs. 243,270 ± 22,177 kJ; P = 0.88). EGCG had no effect on respiratory exchange ratio at rest (P = 0.29) or throughout the TEF measurement (P = 0.56). In summary, together RMR and TEF may account for up to 85% of total daily energy expenditure; we report that short-term consumption of a commercially available EGCG supplement did not increase RMR or TEF.

Published
2011

32. Short-term sprint interval training increases insulin sensitivity in healthy adults but does not affect the thermogenic response to β-adrenergic stimulation

Author

Mark C. Lonac, Jennifer C. Richards, Melani M. Schweder, Wyatt Voyles, Jessica N. Kuzma, Christopher Bell, and Tyler K. Johnson

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Adiponectin, Physiology, business.industry, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Stimulation, Interval training, Endocrinology, Sprint, Endurance training, Internal medicine, medicine, Resting energy expenditure, Blood sugar regulation, business
Abstract

Sprint interval training (SIT) and traditional endurance training elicit similar physiological adaptations. From the perspective of metabolic function, superior glucose regulation is a common characteristic of endurance-trained adults. Accordingly, we have investigated the hypothesis that short-term SIT will increase insulin sensitivity in sedentary/recreationally active humans. Thirty one healthy adults were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) SIT (n= 12): six sessions of repeated (4–7) 30 s bouts of very high-intensity cycle ergometer exercise over 14 days; (2) sedentary control (n= 10); (3) single-bout SIT (n= 9): one session of 4 × 30 s cycle ergometer sprints. Insulin sensitivity was determined (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) prior to and 72 h following each intervention. Compared with baseline, and sedentary and single-bout controls, SIT increased insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate: 6.3 ± 0.6 vs. 8.0 ± 0.8 mg kg−1 min−1; mean ±s.e.m.; P= 0.04). In a separate study, we investigated the effect of SIT on the thermogenic response to beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation, an important determinant of energy balance. Compared with baseline, and sedentary and single-bout control groups, SIT did not affect resting energy expenditure (EE: ventilated hood technique; 6274 ± 226 vs. 6079 ± 297 kJ day−1; P= 0.51) or the thermogenic response to isoproterenol (6, 12 and 24 ng (kg fat-free mass)−1 min−1: %ΔEE 11 ± 2, 14 ± 3, 23 ± 2 vs. 11 ± 1, 16 ± 2, 25 ± 3; P= 0.79). Combined data from both studies revealed no effect of SIT on fasted circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, adiponectin, pigment epithelial-derived factor, non-esterified fatty acids or noradrenaline (all P > 0.05). Sixteen minutes of high-intensity exercise over 14 days augments insulin sensitivity but does not affect the thermogenic response to β-AR stimulation.

Published
2010

34. Association between serum level of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) and plasma level of vitamin D receptor with bacteriological index in leprosy patients

Author

Rizka Farah Hilma, Sandra Widaty, Melani Marissa, and Muhammad Ilyas

Subjects
vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, bacteriological index, leprosy, sun exposure, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Macrophages respond against Mycobacterium leprae infection through interacting with vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR). There has been no study analyzing the association between vitamin D and VDR with bacteriological index (BI) in leprosy patients in Indonesia. To analyze the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D) and plasma level of VDR as well as their association with BI in leprosy patients in Indonesia. This is a cross-sectional study. Serum level of 25(OH)D was assessed with in vitro chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). Plasma level of VDR was assessed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Median serum level of 25(OH)D was 12.68 ng/ml. There was no correlation between serum level of 25(OH)D and BI (r=0.033; p=0.869). Median plasma level of VDR was 1.36 ng/ml. There was no correlation between plasma level of VDR and BI (r=-0.063; p=0.749) and no significant association between BI and serum level of 25(OH) and plasma level of VDR (R2=0.055). There was no association between serum level of 25(OH)D and plasma level of VDR with BI in leprosy patients.

Published
2023
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35. Cytosolic pH Controls Fungal MAPK Signaling and Pathogenicity

Author

Tânia R. Fernandes, Melani Mariscal, Antonio Serrano, David Segorbe, Teresa Fernández-Acero, Humberto Martín, David Turrà, and Antonio Di Pietro

Subjects
MAP kinases, chemotropism, pH homeostasis, pathogenicity, virulence regulation, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate a variety of cellular processes in eukaryotes. In fungal pathogens, conserved MAPK pathways control key virulence functions such as infection-related development, invasive hyphal growth, or cell wall remodeling. Recent findings suggest that ambient pH acts as a key regulator of MAPK-mediated pathogenicity, but the underlying molecular events are unknown. Here, we found that in the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, pH controls another infection-related process, hyphal chemotropism. Using the ratiometric pH sensor pHluorin we show that fluctuations in cytosolic pH (pHc) induce rapid reprogramming of the three conserved MAPKs in F. oxysporum, and that this response is conserved in the fungal model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Screening of a subset of S. cerevisiae mutants identified the sphingolipid-regulated AGC kinase Ypk1/2 as a key upstream component of pHc-modulated MAPK responses. We further show that acidification of the cytosol in F. oxysporum leads to an increase of the long-chain base (LCB) sphingolipid dihydrosphingosine (dhSph) and that exogenous addition of dhSph activates Mpk1 phosphorylation and chemotropic growth. Our results reveal a pivotal role of pHc in the regulation of MAPK signaling and suggest new ways to target fungal growth and pathogenicity. IMPORTANCE Fungal phytopathogens cause devastating losses in global agriculture. All plant-infecting fungi use conserved MAPK signaling pathways to successfully locate, enter, and colonize their hosts. In addition, many pathogens also manipulate the pH of the host tissue to increase their virulence. Here, we establish a functional link between cytosolic pH (pHc) and MAPK signaling in the control of pathogenicity in the vascular wilt fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. We demonstrate that fluctuations in pHc cause rapid reprogramming of MAPK phosphorylation, which directly impacts key processes required for infection, such as hyphal chemotropism and invasive growth. Targeting pHc homeostasis and MAPK signaling can thus open new ways to combat fungal infection.

Published
2023
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36. Ascorbic Acid Supplementation: Influence of Delivery Method on Vitamin C Bioavailability and Capacity to Protect Against Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury

Author

Hunter L. Paris, Christopher Bell, Gregory R. Giordano, Janelle L. Davis, Joseph W. Beals, E Blair, Melani M. Schweder, Scott E. Binns, and Rebecca L. Scalzo

Subjects
Physiological function, Vitamin C, business.industry, Ischemia, Pharmacology, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Ascorbic acid, Biochemistry, Bioavailability, Genetics, medicine, Oral vitamin, business, Molecular Biology, Reperfusion injury, Oxidative stress, Biotechnology
Abstract

Intravenous administration of vitamin C has been shown to decrease oxidative stress and, in some instances, improve physiological function in adult humans. Oral vitamin C administration is typicall...

Published
2015

37. Prevention of Dating Violence on College Campuses: An Innovative Program

Author

Melani M. Russell, Sarannette Frontaura-Duck, Jonathan P. Schwartz, and Linda D. Griffin

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Physical abuse, Sexual abuse, Population, Socialization, Psychological intervention, Verbal abuse, Gender role, education, Psychological abuse, Psychology, Social psychology, Education
Abstract

An innovative psychoeducational intervention designed to raise awareness, teach skills, and affect attitudes toward dating violence was presented to fraternity and sorority members. The content of the intervention focused specifically on ways that stereotypical and misogynistic beliefs contribute to dating violence. Initial evaluation indicated that the participants had significantly fewer stereotypical gender role attitudes that support dating violence. Implications are presented for the prevention of dating violence. Dating violence is a significant problem on college campuses that requires preventive interventions (Hage, 2000; Knox, Custis, & Zustnan, 2000). In addition, sexist and stereotypical attitudes that support abusive dating behavior have been recognized as potential risk factors (Franchina, Eisler, & Moore, 2001; Riggs & O'Leary, 1996). Previous research has found that fraternity and sorority membership is related to stereotypical beliefs concerning gender differences and dating violence (Kalof & Cargill, 1991; Worth, Matthews, & Coleman, 1990), suggesting that fraternity and sorority members may be at high risk for involvement in dating violence. In this article, we evaluate current approaches by college counseling centers to prevent dating violence, describe a new prevention program, and discuss the effectiveness of this intervention for sorority and fraternity members. It has been estimated that 1 in 3 college students has experienced or been the initiator of violence in a dating relationship (Lloyd, 1991 ; Thompson, 1991). Foo and Margolin (1995) estimated that more than one fifth of the undergraduate dating population are physically abused by their dating partners. It has been suggested that an even greater percentage of dating partners are psychologically abused than are physically abused (Sharpe & Taylor, 1999). Furthermore, research has shown that verbal abuse is related to physical aggression and that psychological abuse may precede physical abuse (Magdol et al., 1997). Research has found the effectiveness of treating adults who have committed intimate violence to be limited, with outcome studies often finding high recidivism rates (e.g., Gondolf, 1999; Schwartz & Waldo, 2003), thus indicating a need for alternative approaches that are focused on prevention (Hage, 2000). Although the prevalence and variables associated with college dating violence have been well researched, a dearth of information exists with regard to innovative and successful intervention programs. Often, university counseling centers conduct preventive interventions for dating violence in the form of educational presentations by counseling center staff. However, research indicates several limitations of this approach. First, the focus is often on the education of potential victims rather than on changing variables (e.g., attitudes, beliefs concerning dating violence) of both parties potentially involved in dating violence. In addition, it has been questioned if didactic presentations by staff are relevant to college students' life context (Kuffel & Katz, 2002). Identifying vehicles that convey factual messages and still capture the interest of a college student audience can be particularly challenging. Traditional efforts in psychoeducation often take the form of didactic presentations in a lecture format (Kuffel & Katz, 2002); however, peer-initiated interventions have been found to be more successful, particularly in increasing self-efficacy (Story, Lytle, Birnbaum, & Perry, 2002). Finally, criticism of education efforts about partner violence includes the concern that many programs focus on the individial and fall short of promoting cultural change (Hong, 2000). Thus, it has been suggested that the social and cultural factors that underlie intimate violence need to be addressed in preventive interventions (Hage, 2000; Walker, 1989), including attitudes and beliefs regarding dating violence (Slep, Cascardi, Avery-Leaf, & O'Leary, 2001). …

Published
2006

38. Effects of a Group Preventive Intervention on Risk and Protective Factors Related to Dating Violence

Author

Melani M. Magee, Cynthia W. Dupuis, Jonathan P. Schwartz, and Linda D. Griffin

Subjects
Anger management, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, Social Psychology, medicine.medical_treatment, education, Poison control, Human factors and ergonomics, Entitlement, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Intervention (counseling), ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Psychoeducation, medicine, Psychology, Applied Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

A group intervention was designed to impact protective and risk factors related to dating violence in college students. The group used a manualized approach to address gender-role stereotypes and conflicts, healthy and nonhealthy entitlement attitudes, and communication and anger management skills.

Published
2004

39. Regulation of the browning of human white adipose: evidence for sympathetic control and sexual dimorphic responses to sprint interval training (1160.4)

Author

Matthew S. Hickey, Lacey M. Wood, Gregory R. Giordano, Hunter L. Paris, Steve E. Szallar, Garrett L. Peltonen, Gary J. Luckasen, Dennis G. Larson, Scott E. Binns, Melani M. Schweder, Anna L. Klochak, Rebecca L. Scalzo, and Christopher Bell

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, White (horse), Adipose tissue, Biology, Biochemistry, Interval training, Sexual dimorphism, Endocrinology, Sprint, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Browning, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology
Published
2014

40. Regulators of Human White Adipose Browning: Evidence for Sympathetic Control and Sexual Dimorphic Responses to Sprint Interval Training

Author

Gregory R. Giordano, Hunter L. Paris, Gary J. Luckasen, Matthew S. Hickey, Rebecca L. Scalzo, Lacey M. Wood, Melani M. Schweder, Garrett L. Peltonen, Steve E. Szallar, Anna L. Klochak, Christopher Bell, Scott E. Binns, and Dennis G. Larson

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sympathetic nervous system, FGF21, Anatomy and Physiology, Sympathetic Nervous System, Adipose Tissue, White, Adipose tissue, lcsh:Medicine, White adipose tissue, Biology, Biochemistry, Running, Young Adult, Endocrinology, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Sports and Exercise Medicine, lcsh:Science, Musculoskeletal System, Nutrition, Sex Characteristics, Multidisciplinary, Endocrine Physiology, lcsh:R, Skeletal muscle, Hypoxia (medical), FNDC5, Lipids, Hormones, Clonidine, Fibronectins, Fibroblast Growth Factors, medicine.anatomical_structure, Muscle, Medicine, lcsh:Q, Female, medicine.symptom, Physiological Processes, medicine.drug, Research Article, Physical Conditioning, Human
Abstract

The conversion of white adipose to the highly thermogenic beige adipose tissue has been proposed as a potential strategy to counter the unfavorable consequences of obesity. Three regulators of this conversion have recently emerged but information regarding their control is limited, and contradictory. We present two studies examining the control of these regulators. Study 1: In 10 young men, the plasma concentrations of irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were determined prior to and during activation of the sympathetic nervous system via hypoxic gas breathing (FIO2 = 0.11). The measurements were performed twice, once with and once without prior/concurrent sympathetic inhibition via transdermal clonidine administration. FGF21 was unaffected by basal sympathetic inhibition (338±113 vs. 295±80 pg/mL; P = 0.43; mean±SE), but was increased during hypoxia mediated sympathetic activation (368±135); this response was abrogated (P = 0.035) with clonidine (269±93). Irisin was unaffected by sympathetic inhibition and/or hypoxia (P>0.21). Study 2: The plasma concentration of irisin and FGF21, and the skeletal muscle protein content of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) was determined in 19 young adults prior to and following three weeks of sprint interval training (SIT). SIT decreased FGF21 (338±78 vs. 251±36; P = 0.046) but did not affect FNDC5 (P = 0.79). Irisin was decreased in males (127±18 vs. 90±23 ng/mL; P = 0.045) and increased in females (139±14 vs. 170±18). Collectively, these data suggest a potential regulatory role of acute sympathetic activation pertaining to the browning of white adipose; further, there appears to be a sexual dimorphic response of irisin to SIT.

Published
2014

41. Selection of Alternative Suppliers Using Analytical Hierarchy Process dan Technique For Order Preference By Similarity To Ideal Solution

Author

Melani Magdalena Hutabarat, Agus Ristono, and Sutrisno Sutrisno

Subjects
ahp, topsis, supplier selection, garment industry, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, T55.4-60.8
Abstract

Garment industry is an industry that focuses on manufacture of clothing. Along with the times, development model and function clothing is increasingly varied. Company’s effort is determine best supplier. Based on observations in Central Java garment industry, it was found problems related to continuity of fabric supply from major suppliers. When demand soars, demand for cloth supply also increases. However, the availability of fabric supplies owned by main suppliers is not able to meet the needs of garment industry. Therefore, garment industry requires alternative backup suppliers who are able to meet the supply of fabric when the main supplier is inadequate. Supplier selection will be carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in weighting and Technique for Others Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method in ranking priority order of suppliers. This supplier priority will be used as an alternative supplier that will meet the availability of fabric supply.

Published
2021
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43. Total daily energy expenditure is increased following a single bout of sprint interval training

Author

Christopher L. Melby, Tracy Swibas, Melani M. Schweder, Lacey M. Wood, Mark C. Lonac, Garrett L. Peltonen, Anna L. Klochak, Scott E. Binns, Edward L. Melanson, Rebecca L. Scalzo, Amy M. Smith, Christopher Bell, and Kyle J. Sevits

Subjects
thermogenic, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, business.industry, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 030229 sport sciences, Body Weight Maintenance, Interval training, Random order, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, weight maintenance, Energy expenditure, Sprint, Endurance training, Physiology (medical), Basal metabolic rate, medicine, Physical therapy, medicine.symptom, business, Exercise, metabolism, Weight gain, Original Research
Abstract

Regular endurance exercise is an effective strategy for healthy weight maintenance, mediated via increased total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), and possibly an increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR: the single largest component of TDEE). Sprint interval training (SIT) is a low-volume alternative to endurance exercise; however, the utility of SIT for healthy weight maintenance is less clear. In this regard, it is feasible that SIT may evoke a thermogenic response above and beyond the estimates required for prevention of weight gain (i.e., >200–600 kJ). The purpose of these studies was to investigate the hypotheses that a single bout of SIT would increase RMR and/or TDEE. Study 1: RMR (ventilated hood) was determined on four separate occasions in 15 healthy men. Measurements were performed over two pairs of consecutive mornings; each pair was separated by 7 days. Immediately following either the first or third RMR measurement (randomly assigned) subjects completed a single bout of SIT (cycle ergometer exercise). RMR was unaffected by a single bout of SIT (7195 ± 285 kJ/day vs. 7147 ± 222, 7149 ± 246 and 6987 ± 245 kJ/day (mean ± SE); P = 0.12). Study 2: TDEE (whole-room calorimeter) was measured in 12 healthy men, on two consecutive days, one of which began with a single bout of SIT (random order). Sprint exercise increased TDEE in every research participant (9169 ± 243 vs. 10,111 ± 260 kJ/day; P < 0.0001); the magnitude of increase was 946 ± 62 kJ/day (∼10%). These data provide support for SIT as a strategy for increasing TDEE, and may have implications for healthy body weight maintenance.

Published
2013

44. Sympathetic inhibition attenuates hypoxia induced insulin resistance in healthy adult humans

Author

Garrett L, Peltonen, Rebecca L, Scalzo, Melani M, Schweder, Dennis G, Larson, Gary J, Luckasen, David, Irwin, Karyn L, Hamilton, Thies, Schroeder, and Christopher, Bell

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, Young Adult, Sympathetic Nervous System, Sympatholytics, Integrative, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Hypoxia, Clonidine
Abstract

Acute exposure to hypoxia decreases insulin sensitivity in healthy adult humans; the mechanism is unclear, but increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system may be involved. We have investigated the hypothesis that short-term sympathetic inhibition attenuates hypoxia induced insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity (via the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) was determined in 10 healthy men (age 23 ± 1 years, body mass index 24.2 ± 0.8 kg m−2 (means ± SEM)), in a random order, during normoxia ( = 0.21), hypoxia ( = 0.11), normoxia and sympathetic inhibition (via 48 h transdermal administration of the centrally acting α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, clonidine), and hypoxia and sympathetic inhibition. Oxyhaemoglobin saturation (pulse oximetry) was decreased (P < 0.001) with hypoxia (63 ± 2%) compared with normoxia (96 ± 0%), and was unaffected by sympathetic inhibition (P > 0.25). The area under the noradrenaline curve (relative to the normoxia response) was increased with hypoxia (137 ± 13%; P = 0.02); clonidine prevented the hypoxia induced increase (94 ± 14%; P = 0.43). The glucose infusion rate (adjusted for fat free mass and circulating insulin concentration) required to maintain blood glucose concentration at 5 mmol l−1 during administration of insulin was decreased in hypoxia compared with normoxia (225 ± 23 vs. 128 ± 30 nmol (kg fat free mass)−1 pmol l−1 min−1; P = 0.03), and unchanged during normoxia and sympathetic inhibition (219 ± 19; P = 0.86) and hypoxia and sympathetic inhibition (169 ± 23; P = 0.23). We conclude that short-term sympathetic inhibition attenuates hypoxia induced insulin resistance.

Published
2012

45. Acute dietary nitrate consumption improves glucose tolerance

Author

Scott E. Binns, Melani M. Schweder, Garrett L. Peltonen, Anna L. Klochak, Christopher Bell, Lacey M. Wood, Steve E. Szaller, and Rebecca L. Scalzo

Subjects
Consumption (economics), Chemistry, Dietary Nitrate, Genetics, Food science, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology
Published
2012

46. Sympathetic inhibition attenuates hypoxia induced insulin resistance

Author

Lacey M. Wood, David Irwin, Melani M. Schweder, Steve E. Szallar, Garrett L. Peltonen, Anna L. Klochak, Thies Schroeder, Karyn L. Hamilton, Scott E. Binns, Rebecca L. Scalzo, and Christopher Bell

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Insulin resistance, Endocrinology, Chemistry, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Hypoxia (medical), medicine.symptom, medicine.disease, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology
Published
2012

47. Short-term sprint interval training increases insulin sensitivity in healthy adults but does not affect the thermogenic response to β-adrenergic stimulation

Author

Richards, Jennifer C, Johnson, Tyler K, Kuzma, Jessica N, Lonac, Mark C, Schweder, Melani M, Voyles, Wyatt F, and Bell, Christopher

Subjects
Integrative, Physical Endurance, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Muscle, Skeletal, Exercise
Abstract

Sprint interval training (SIT) and traditional endurance training elicit similar physiological adaptations. From the perspective of metabolic function, superior glucose regulation is a common characteristic of endurance-trained adults. Accordingly, we have investigated the hypothesis that short-term SIT will increase insulin sensitivity in sedentary/recreationally active humans. Thirty one healthy adults were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) SIT (n= 12): six sessions of repeated (4–7) 30 s bouts of very high-intensity cycle ergometer exercise over 14 days; (2) sedentary control (n= 10); (3) single-bout SIT (n= 9): one session of 4 × 30 s cycle ergometer sprints. Insulin sensitivity was determined (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) prior to and 72 h following each intervention. Compared with baseline, and sedentary and single-bout controls, SIT increased insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate: 6.3 ± 0.6 vs. 8.0 ± 0.8 mg kg−1 min−1; mean ±s.e.m.; P= 0.04). In a separate study, we investigated the effect of SIT on the thermogenic response to beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation, an important determinant of energy balance. Compared with baseline, and sedentary and single-bout control groups, SIT did not affect resting energy expenditure (EE: ventilated hood technique; 6274 ± 226 vs. 6079 ± 297 kJ day−1; P= 0.51) or the thermogenic response to isoproterenol (6, 12 and 24 ng (kg fat-free mass)−1 min−1: %ΔEE 11 ± 2, 14 ± 3, 23 ± 2 vs. 11 ± 1, 16 ± 2, 25 ± 3; P= 0.79). Combined data from both studies revealed no effect of SIT on fasted circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, adiponectin, pigment epithelial-derived factor, non-esterified fatty acids or noradrenaline (all P > 0.05). Sixteen minutes of high-intensity exercise over 14 days augments insulin sensitivity but does not affect the thermogenic response to β-AR stimulation.

Published
2010

49. Regulators of Human White Adipose Browning: Evidence for Sympathetic Control and Sexual Dimorphic Responses to Sprint Interval Training

Author

Scalzo, Rebecca L., primary, Peltonen, Garrett L., additional, Giordano, Gregory R., additional, Binns, Scott E., additional, Klochak, Anna L., additional, Paris, Hunter L. R., additional, Schweder, Melani M., additional, Szallar, Steve E., additional, Wood, Lacey M., additional, Larson, Dennis G., additional, Luckasen, Gary J., additional, Hickey, Matthew S., additional, and Bell, Christopher, additional

Published
2014
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50. Analisis Tingkat Efektivitas Kerja pada Mesin Auto Hanger dengan Menggunakan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)

Author

Melani Magdalena Hutabarat and Ahmad Muhsin

Subjects
oee, machinery, department of plant, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, T55.4-60.8
Abstract

The packing plant department 1 is still lacking in meeting production productivity targets. Therefore, the availability of raw materials and the condition of machinery and equipment is important to consider so that product productivity can be optimized. Three aspects affect the effectiveness of the machine in the packing department, namely productive time, work speed of the machine, and the quality of the product produced. The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of the auto hanger engine by using the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) method to obtain the value of availability, performance efficiency, and rate of quality. The results obtained from OEE calculations are expected to be an evaluation of improvements in effectiveness that will be generated in the future. Based on the results of research that overall equipment effectiveness on the three machines has not reached world-class standards, which is> 85%. The availability value on the three machines also still does not meet the world-class standard, which is> 90%. The performance of rate values on the three machines also still does not meet world-class standards, which is> 95%. The availability value on the three machines also still does not meet the world-class standard, which is> 99%.

Published
2020
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