Search

The current project seeks to extend the basic findings from our existing research to nonviolent verbally aggressive interactions. From a script theory perspective (Huesmann, 1988), individuals should judge and interpret aggressive interactions based on the aggressive scripts they themselves have acquired from earlier learning experiences. Thus, to the degree that individuals seek certain outcomes from aggressive interactions (e.g. causing the opponent pain or forcing them to submit), cues relevant to these outcomes should determine both an individual’s satisfaction with the progress of the script and their likelihood to choose further aggressive responses to pursue such an outcome. Furthermore, as a script represents more than just an individual’s own behavior, but rather also the expected responses of the environment, such cues should also affect an individual’s expectations of an opponent’s responses. Some of the most important cues towards particular outcomes in aggressive interactions are likely to be communicative signals from the opponent, including nonverbal expressions. Two outcomes of potential relevance for aggressive interactions are succeeding in dominating the opponent, thereby affirming one’s own higher status (e.g. Mazur & Booth, 1998), and causing the opponent to suffer harm, which is often understood as the proximal goal of aggression (Anderson & Carnagey, 2004). In our previous research on violent interactions, progress towards these outcomes were signalized by nonverbal facial and postural cues in the opponent. While it may be plausibly argued that nonverbal expressions can play a particularly important role in these interactions, where the opponent’s body movements and characteristic may signal direct threat, it is not clear whether this also holds for nonviolent, verbally aggressive interactions. On one hand, it can be argued that verbally aggressive interactions can escalate into physical interactions at any time and that both types of interactions are driven by similar motivational states, implying a similar level of sensitivity to nonverbal opponent expressions between both. On the other hand, contextualized aggressive interaction scripts (e.g. a vehement argument at the office) might not include physical violence or nonverbal gestures of submission as relevant outcomes, leading nonverbal expressions to play a lesser role in signaling progress toward the desired outcome.

Dynamiques de la consultation des salariés dans la banque La représentation des salariés s’est construite en Europe à partir de l’idée d’une démocratisation de l’entreprise qui a posé les bases d’une participation des salariés aux processus de décisions sur le devenir de l’entreprise. Récemment, des études ont pourtant pointé la situation d’affaiblissement de la représentation dans le contexte même des restructurations, où l’entreprise n...

Cet ouvrage explore les dynamiques institutionnelles et les mobilisations à l’œuvre dans les restructurations d’entreprise. Celles-ci apparaissent, actuellement, comme des processus diffus, récurrents et complexes de réorganisation affectant l’entreprise dans sa recherche de flexibilité et d’avantages compétitifs. Dans un contexte de crise, elles prennent un relief particulier en raison de leur ampleur, de l’intensité des conflits auxquels elles donnent lieu et de leurs conséquences sociales notamment en termes d’emplois. Loin de s’imposer comme des adaptations inéluctables à une évolution économique qui leur échapperait, les restructurations se caractérisent par de nombreuses initiatives des acteurs concernés, tant les directions d’entreprise, que les salariés et leurs représentants. Prenant appui sur tout un ensemble d’équipements institutionnels et des mobilisations collectives, un débat argumenté et contradictoire s’instaure entre les différentes parties prenantes. Il ne se réduit pas aux reclassements des salariés et à la compensation financière des pertes d’emploi. Il porte également sur la formulation même des problèmes à résoudre et peut parfois conduire à la construction concertée de stratégies économiques alternatives permettant de préserver les emplois. L’ouvrage envisage les restructurations au croisement des pratiques managériales et de l’intervention des salariés et de leurs représentants dans l’entreprise. Il explore des dynamiques institutionnelles à partir de l’analyse des dispositifs juridiques européens et nationaux et d’enquêtes de terrain dans les entreprises, en adoptant une perspective transnationale et pluridisciplinaire liant histoire, économie, droit et sociologie. Cet ouvrage se compose des contributions présentées lors d’un colloque réunissant des acteurs parties prenantes des restructurations et des chercheurs. Il propose un nouveau regard sur une question sociale brûlante.

Little research has focused on motivational state-trait interactions to explain impulse buying. Although the trait chronic regulatory focus has been linked to impulse buying, no evidence yet exists for an effect of situational regulatory focus and no research has examined whether the fit of chronic and situational regulatory focus can influence impulse buying with actual consumptive consequences rather than purchase intentions. Two laboratory experiments (total N = 250) manipulated situational regulatory focus before providing opportunities for impulse buying. In addition, cognitive constraint was manipulated as a potential boundary condition for regulatory focus effects. Situational promotion focus increased impulse buying relative to situational prevention focus in participants with strong chronic promotion, consistent with regulatory fit theory and independently of cognitive constraint. Surprisingly, situational promotion focus also increased impulse buying in participants with strong chronic prevention, but only under low cognitive constraint. These results may be explained by diverging mediating cognitive processes for promotion vs. prevention focus' effect on impulse buying. Future research must focus more on combining relevant states and traits in predicting consumer behavior. Marketing implications are discussed.