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The main body of the utility tunnel is all kinds of pipelines, so the normal operation of the pipelines is very important for the operation benefit of the comprehensive utility tunnel; meanwhile, identifying the potential risks of the pipelines in time can reduce the losses caused by the uncertain risks to the comprehensive utility tunnel. This paper uses the Stackelberg game model to analyze the risk information sharing among utility tunnel institutions which concludes in utility tunnel company and pipeline company, which is helpful for understanding the decision-making process in the game and its equilibrium results can guide utility tunnel company’s decision-making behavior in seeking utility tunnel risk treatment. On this basis, this paper analyzes the potential disaster risk factors in the operation process of utility tunnel, and constructs the risk early warning model of integrated pipeline corridor based on Bayesian network. The results show that the potential disaster risk during the operation of utility tunnel is evaluated, and the overall risk probability level, the key path and key risk factors of the occurrence of disaster risk events are obtained.

Cross-border e-commerce and the logistics industry are interrelated in specific economic and circulation fields. Based on the development of cross-border e-commerce in China and Europe, this paper analyzes the economic development of China’s cross-border e-business logistics providers in the context of Internet plus and analyzes the development trend of cross-border e-commerce in China and gives suggestions for optimization, with a view to providing cross-border e-commerce for the future. In-depth cooperation provides reference.

This paper looks at the possibilities of implementing the Belt and Road (B&R) initiative. The B&R has often named the innovative silk road from the ancient Silk Road, which has shaped the prosperity of ‘on the road’ nations from China to the world. This paper would include an overview of the B&R, outline current trends, scope economic integration prospects, policy problems, management challenges, and technological improvement. In this paper, a Hierarchical employment strategy framework (HESF) has been proposed to improve financial development and trade transparency to enhance the environmental sustainability of the B&R initiative, which improves the country’s economic growth. Assess industrial per capita added benefit and transport goods environmental quality. The proposed analysis is optimistic and greatly influences CO2 emissions and job prosperity on energy use, including the BRI council and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. It affects education and identifies potential pitfalls and the findings demonstrate that workers are provided with resources to learn from this global initiative. The numerical outcome suggested HESF method develops economic growth (98.2%), trade development (99.1%), financial development (97.2%), inter-regional connectivity (95.2%) and road density (96.6%).

Turbidity measurements are influenced by environmental factors such as water temperature. We designed experiments to study whether water temperature affects in-line turbidity detection and the potential influence mechanism. A turbidity meter installed in-line could self-record data, including the water temperature and turbidity values. From our experimental analysis, we verified the influence of water temperature on the in-line turbidity. Moreover, the temperature coefficient should not be obtained from the experiment directly because the intrinsic impact of in-line turbidity detection does not come from water temperature. Instead, the effect is derived from the optical components’ heat change. When the water temperature change is insignificant, the in-line turbidity deviation caused by the water temperature can be ignored. However, when the water temperature changes substantially, the in-line turbidity sensor should compensate for the temperature drift.

This paper introduces the reputation model of information economics and constructs a mathematical model containing innate endowment, human capital, social insurance difference which vividly portray...

This paper uses panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2018, and examines the relationship between the age structure of the population, the level of social security, and the consumption rate of residents by establishing static and dynamic models. The study found that, the child dependency ratio and the elderly dependency ratio have a negative impact on the residents’ consumption rate. Child dependency ratio increased by 1%, resident consumption rate decreased by 7.4%. Elderly dependency ratio increased by 1%, resident consumption rate decreased by 13.7%. Pension coverage has no significant impact on household consumption rates. Moreover, the consumption of Chinese residents is inertia, that is, the current consumption of residents is affected by previous consumption habits, which is one of the reasons for the current low consumption rate of our residents. In addition, research shows that the per capita real GDP and real interest rate promote China’s residents’ consumption, and the inflation rate and urbanization level have a certain inhibitory effect on the residents’ consumption rate. Therefore, the development of distinctive children’s training courses and the elderly-related industries, the optimization of the elderly’s labor market, and the gradual change of residents’ consumption concepts are more effective ways to expand domestic demand.

We propose a multi-scale simulation approach to model forward osmosis (FO) processes using substrates with layered homogeneous morphology. This approach accounts not only for FO setup but also for detailed microstructure of the substrate using the digitally reconstructed morphology. We fabricate a highly porous block copolymer membrane, which has not been explored for FO heretofore, and use it as the substrate for interfacial polymerization. The substrate has three sub-layers, namely a top layer, a sponge-like middle layer, and a nonwoven fabric layer. We generate a digital microstructure for each layer, and verify them with experimental measurements. The permeability and effective diffusivity of each layer are computed based on their virtual microstructures and used for FO operation in cross-flow setups at the macro-scale. The proposed simulation approach predicts accurately the FO experimental data.

Nowadays, the world is changing rapidly through the economic globalization. World Trade Organization（WTO）plays the most important role. In this article, I will focus on how China People’s Court can deal with WTO rules. I support that China People’s Court should grant direct effect of WTO rules in PRC law.

With the urbanization acceleration and the development of the endowment industry, people’s understanding of the endowment pattern is getting deeper and deeper. Therefore, people are no longer satisfied with the simple and traditional family endowment pattern, but prefer some new endowment patterns to meet the needs of people’s diversified endowment. This paper makes a thorough and in-depth study on the existing endowment patterns in China, and sums up ten typical endowment patterns with their own characteristics. In this paper, we did a large sample survey on the ten typical endowment patterns, and recover 1531 valid questionnaires. We obtained the important evidence about how people choose the endowment pattern based on analysis of the effective recovery questionnaires. In this paper, we built up an endowment pattern prediction model based on BP feed-forward neural network. By calculation and analysis, an 87.8% prediction accuracy self-recommendation system of endowment patterns successfully constructed. The self-recommendation system can well predict people’s choice of endowment patterns, which is of great significance to judge the future development of the endowment industry.

The membrane morphology significantly influences membrane performance. For osmotically driven membrane processes, the morphology strongly affects the internal concentration polarization. Different membrane morphologies were generated by simulation and their influence on membrane performance was studied, using a 3D model. The simulation results were experimentally validated for two classical phase-inversion membrane morphologies: sponge- and finger-like structures. Membrane porosity and scanning electron microscopy image information were used as model input. The permeance results from the simulation fit well the experimentally measured permeances. Water permeances were predicted for different kinds of finger-like cavity membranes with different finger-like cavity lengths and various finger-like cavity sets, as well as for membranes with cylindrical cavities. The results provide realistic information on how to increase water permeance, and also illustrate that membrane׳s complete morphology is important for the accurate water permeance evaluation. Evaluations only based on porosity might be misleading, and the new 3D simulation approach gives a more realistic representation.

Happiness is affected by subjective feelings and objective conditions. While the health, wealth risks and so on that come along with serious diseases are important indexes affecting each factor of sense of happiness. It needs to build up happiness index to measure the influence of serious disease on happiness index of rural residents. The attained data conclusions have proposed optimized and improved suggestions for building up a more scientific and reasonable serious disease security mechanism as well as the policy direction for promoting happiness of rural residents.

The mechanism of dysfunction of regulatory B cells is unclear. The circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLK) regulates immune responses. CLK expression can be increased by alteration of the circadian rhythm. This study tests a hypothesis that alteration of the circadian rhythm, such as engaging the day-night shift rotation (DNSR), interferes with the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in B cells (TGFbB cell).Peripheral blood samples were collected from DNSR nurses and persons with the regular circadian clock life style (RC). The frequency of TGFbB cells in the blood samples was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression of TGF-beta in B cells was assessed with real time RT-PCR.We observed that the frequency of peripheral TGFbB cells was less in DNSR nurses as compared to RC subjects. The expression of CLK and histone deacetylase 11 in peripheral B cells was higher, the TGF-β expression was lower, in peripheral B cells of DNSR nurses. Over-expression of CLK repressed the expression of TGF-β in B cells, which was mediated by HDAC11.The CLK expression in peripheral B cells is higher in DNSR nurses, which suppresses the expression of TGF-β in B cells. To regulate the expression of CLK during the circadian clock alteration needs to be further investigated.

According to the China statistical yearbook data of 2014, the informal employment people have accounted for 53.4% of the total population of urban employment. At the same time, the income differentiation also occurred in the internal of informal employment. So this paper makes a research on the income of the informal employment through the Gini coefficient and regression analysis. We classify the informal employment people, while the study found the income difference is not so big. And all their work status, gender, area, skill level and other factors have significant influence on income.

Public health insurance led by the government is characterized by its compulsory attendance, generality and mutual aid, while commercial health insurance holds professional, competitive and profitable features. These two kinds of health insurance are different in objective, nature and characteristics. This paper, by means of mathematical model and numerical simulation, has proved that mixed health insurance contact can achieve the optimal social welfare based on risk sharing so as to complement their own advantages. At last, this paper has put forward the corresponding advice as to how to decrease the moral hazard in the selection of the ranks of hospital as well as the number of medical service.

Under the circumstance of new normal of Chinese economy, the strategy of “The Belt and Road Initiative” brings new opportunities for China's economic transformation and upgrading, the promotion of economic development in the surrounding countries and regions, as well as Chinese enterprises to “go out”. However, a large number of overseas investment plans continued to collapse because they were failed to deal with labor relations in the past. Therefore, the key to Chinese enterprises to go abroad and seek long-term development by means of “The Belt and Road Initiative” lies in the ability to deal with labor relations, and creating a harmonious business environment to ensure the steady development of enterprises so as to indirectly complete the national strategic layout. This paper analyzes key factors that affect labor relations on the basis of “The Belt and Road Initiative” countries. At the same time, it gives three required keys to deal with labor relations so as to avoid conflicts.

The susceptible–infected–susceptible (SIS) model is widely adopted in the studies of epidemic dynamics. When it is applied on contact networks, these networks mostly consist of nodes connected by undirected and unweighted edges following certain statistical properties, whereas in this article we consider the threshold and immunization problem for the SIS model on generalized networks that may contain different kinds of nodes and edges which are very possible in the real situation. We proved that an epidemic will become extinct if and only if the spectral radius of the corresponding parameterized adjacent matrix (PAM) is smaller than 1. Based on this result, we can evaluate the efficiency of immune strategies and take several prevailing ones as examples. In addition, we also develop methods that can precisely find the optimal immune strategies for networks with the given PAM.

We analyze the passengers' traffic pattern for 1.58 million taxi trips of Shanghai, China. By employing the non-negative matrix factorization and optimization methods, we find that, people travel on workdays mainly for three purposes: commuting between home and workplace, traveling from workplace to workplace, and others such as leisure activities. Therefore, traffic flow in one area or between any pair of locations can be approximated by a linear combination of three basis flows, corresponding to the three purposes respectively. We name the coefficients in the linear combination as traffic powers, each of which indicates the strength of each basis flow. The traffic powers on different days are typically different even for the same location, due to the uncertainty of the human motion. Therefore, we provide a probability distribution function for the relative deviation of the traffic power. This distribution function is in terms of a series of functions for normalized binomial distributions. It can be well explained by statistical theories and is verified by empirical data. These findings are applicable in predicting the road traffic, tracing the traffic pattern and diagnosing the traffic related abnormal events. These results can also be used to infer land uses of urban area quite parsimoniously.

In the current century, the highly developed transportation system can not only boost the economy, but also greatly accelerate the spreading of epidemics. While some epidemic diseases may infect quite a number of people ahead of our awareness, the health care resources such as vaccines and the medical staff are usually locally or even globally insufficient. In this research, with the network of major aviation routes as an example, we present a method to determine the optimal locations to allocate the medical service in order to minimize the impact of the infectious disease with limited resources. Specifically, we demonstrate that when the medical resources are insufficient, we should concentrate our efforts on the travelers with the objective of effectively controlling the spreading rate of the epidemic diseases.