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Plant diseases seriously affect the growth of crops and the quality and yield of agricultural products. The search for plant-derived pesticide candidates based on natural products is a hot topic of current research. Marine natural products almazoles C-D were efficiently prepared and selected as the lead compounds in this work. Two series of almazole derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their antiviral and fungicidal activities were systematically evaluated. The results of anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity showed that almazoles C-D and their derivatives had good anti-TMV activities. Compounds

Well-crystallized perovskite ferroelectric films usually display a bulk-like polarization response (P) under an external electric field (E), i.e., a large P-E hysteresis loop featuring a sizable remnant polarization and an early polarization saturation. Such characteristics are undesirable for capacitive energy storage applications. In this work, we demonstrate an optimal P-E behavior, i.e., a small remnant polarization and a delayed polarization saturation, in perovskite BaTiO3 films consisting of superfine columnar nanograins. In a low-temperature, nucleation-dominated sputtering deposition, an in-situ grown conductive buffer layer promotes the formation of these nanograins, which display a controllable diameter down to ~10 nm and extend throughout the film thickness. The deterioration of the remnant polarization and its delayed saturation under an electric field, can be attributed to a strong polarization-constraining effect from the densely-packed, non-ferroelectric grain boundaries, which is supported by a phase field modeling simulation. The resulted BaTiO3 film capacitors integrated on Si at 350°C display a high recyclable energy density (Wrec~135±10 J/cm3) and efficiency (η~80%±4%) which are thickness-scalable. An intrinsically high power density, a simple and stable chemical composition, and good thermal (-150°C ~ 170°C) and cycling stabilities (up to ~ 2 × 108 charge-discharge cycles) warrant a broad range of applications for these film capacitors.

In-situ real-time detection of drug metabolites and biomolecules in hospitalized patients' urine helps the doctors to monitor their physiological indicators and regulate the use of drug doses. In this work, nitrogen-doped carbon-supported bimetal was prepared into the screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) and applied for real-time monitoring of acetaminophen (AC) and dopamine (DA) in urine. Via one-step pyrolysis of the core-shell cubic precursor (Cu

The tree Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis is native to China and is an important forest species widely used for wood production. Here, we sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of six wild and six cultivated accessions of this tree. The 12 cp genomes ranged from 131,379 to 131,528 bp. The GC content was 35.4%, similar to other gymnosperm species. The cp genomes lacked typical inverted repeat (IR) regions and encoded 118 genes. Most genes appeared in one copy and 17 genes contained introns. Two multi-copy genes (trnM-CAU × 3, trnQ-UUG × 2) were identified. And 59–61 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the whole cp genomes, and most SSR loci consisted of A or T bases. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that wild and cultivated accessions were not clearly differentiated. Our results will provide useful information for the conservation and utilization of this variety. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2021.1932592 .

Activation of blood stasis is a crucial aspect of stroke treatment, and the Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue-Decoction (TQHXD) formula is commonly utilized for this purpose. However, the mechanism underlying the protective effects of TQHXD against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is unclear.Identification of the TQHXD components responsible for its protective effects and determination of their mode of action against cerebral I/R injury.Gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were carried out to determine the active aspects of TQHXD. The active components and targets of TQHXD were looked up in the TCMSP and HERB databases; the Genecards, OMIM, TTD, and DrugBank databases were used to identify targets related to cerebral infarction; and the intersecting targets were obtained. The drug-ingredient-target-disease network and PPI network were subsequently built using Cytoscape 3.7.1 and STRING websites. Autodock VINA was used to perform molecular docking between the core target ASK1 and the active components of TQHXD detected by HPLC and GC. After successfully creating a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the therapeutic effect of TQHXD was observed using triphenyltetrazolium and hematoxylin-eosin staining. We used Tunel-NeuN staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to quantify hippocampal apoptosis. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to detect protein and mRNA expression, respectively.HPLC and GC identified six active ingredients. Network pharmacology analyses were performed to test 66 intersection targets, including ASK1, MKK4, and JNK. Ferulic acid, HSYA, ligustilide, paeoniflorin, and muscone all displayed high binding affinity with ASK1 in molecular docking studies. The neuroprotective effects of TQHXD in I/R rats were demonstrated in the experimental models. In comparison with the model group, TQHXD decreased the apoptosis rate and reduced the protein levels of p-ASK1, caspase 3, p-MKK4, CytC, p-c-Jun, Bax/Bcl-2, and p-JNK, while considerably increasing the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and decreasing those of Bax.By controlling the ASK1/MKK4/JNK pathway, TQHXD protects neurons from I/R damage and prevents apoptosis. Thus, TQHXD may be effective for the treatment of ischemic stroke. And the mechanism behind these therapeutic actions of TQHXD is supported by this research.

The hydrogen produced by water splitting is limited due to the high theoretical potential of the anode. So, the lower theoretical potential of the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) was selected. In this work, a highly efficient bifunctional catalyst, cobalt nitride doped with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets supported on Ni foam (Co5.47N/rGO@NF), was synthesized by hydrothermal and calcination methods for both UOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The morphology and composition of Co5.47N/rGO@NF was studied through XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, HRTEM and elemental mapping. A parallel two-electrode electrolyzer (Co5.47N/rGO@NF||Co5.47N/rGO@NF) was constructed for electrochemical testing. To drive 100 mA/cm2, the voltage of Co5.47N/rGO@NF||Co5.47N/rGO@NF only 1.684 V is required, which is much lower than that of Pt/C||IrO2 (1.875 V) and the current density can be maintained for at least 30 h. This demonstrates that its high activity and stability have commercial feasibility.

Magnetic property is an important design parameter for multiferroic composites which include a magnetic component phase. In this work, it is demonstrated that the magnetic property of a ferroelectric-ferromagnetic ceramic nanocomposite film can be engineered by tuning the phase dispersion. The degree of the phase dispersion in our BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 films is evaluated by analyzing results of scanning probe microscopy, while the impact of the phase dispersion on the magnetic property is verified via alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM) measurements.

A new global potential energy surface (PES) of the NaH2+ system is constructed by fitting 27,621 ab initio energy points with the neural network method. The root mean square error of the new PES is only 4.1609 × 10−4 eV. Based on the new PES, dynamical calculations have been performed using the time-dependent quantum wave packet method. These results are then compared with the H(2S) + LiH+(X2Σ+) → Li+(1S) + H2(X1Σg+) reaction. The direct abstract mechanism is found to play an important role in the reaction because only forward scattering signals on the differential cross section results for all calculated collision energies.

A new global potential energy surface (PES) of the O+ + H2 system was constructed with the permutation invariant polynomial neural network method, using about 63 000 ab initio points, which were calculated by employing the multi-reference configuration interaction method with aug-cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets. For improving the accuracy of the PES, the basis set was extrapolated to the complete basis set limit by the two-point extrapolation method. The root mean square error of fitting was only 5.28 × 10−3 eV. The spectroscopic constants of the diatomic molecules were calculated and compared with previous theoretical and experimental results, which suggests that the present results agree well with the experiment. On the newly constructed PES, reaction dynamics studies were performed using the time-dependent wave packet method. The calculated integral cross sections (ICSs) were compared with the available theoretical and experimental results, where a good agreement with the experimental data was seen. Significant forward and backward scatterings were observed in the whole collision energy region studied. At the same time, the differential cross sections biased the forward scattering, especially at higher collision energies.

BACKGROUND: Brain glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant intracranial tumor. The prognosis of this disease is extremely poor. While the introduction of β-interferon (IFN-β) regimen in the treatment of gliomas has significantly improved the outcome of patients; The mechanism by which IFN-β induces increased TMZ sensitivity has not been described. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect of IFNβ in GBM. METHODS: Messenger RNA expression profiles and clinicopathological data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) GBM and GSE83300 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Univariate Cox regression analysis and lasso Cox regression model established a novel 4-gene IFN-β signature (peroxiredoxin 1, Sec61 subunit beta, X-ray repair cross-complementing 5, and Bcl-2-like protein 2) for GBM prognosis prediction. Further, GBM samples (n=50) and normal brain tissues (n=50) were then used for real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to further understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Pearson correlation was applied to calculate the correlation between the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and IFN-β-associated genes. An lncRNA with a correlation coefficient |R(2)|>0.3 and P

Introduction Personalized antiplatelet treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains challenging in clinical practice. The present study aimed to explore the benefit of genotype-guided antiplatelet treatment with P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with ACS or undergoing PCI. Methods A literature search was conducted (from inception to September 2018) in the PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Studies were included in which the genotype-guided P2Y12 inhibitor antiplatelet strategy was compared with the standard strategy in patients with ACS or undergoing PCI. The endpoints were high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR), major adverse cardiovascular events including all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), stroke and target-vessel revascularization (TVR), and major bleedings. Results A total of 3377 patients in 9 studies (5 RCTs and 4 non-RCTs) were included, in which 91% of the patients were diagnosed with ACS and 88.5% underwent PCI. A total of 1639 patients (48.5%) were assigned to the genotype-guided group, and 1738 (51.4%) assigned to the conventional or standard (STD) group, with an average follow-up time of 7.6 months. After the pooled analysis, significantly lower risks of HTPR (HR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.18–0.55, P Conclusion Genotype-guided antiplatelet treatment could decrease the risks of HTPR, all-cause mortality, MI and ST in patients with ACS or undergoing PCI.

A new global potential energy surface (PES) of the O

Epitaxial BaTiO 3 thin films (∼300 nm thick) with various conductive oxide bottom electrodes including (La 0.5 Sr 0.5 )CoO 3 , SrRuO 3 and LaNiO 3 were prepared on single-crystalline SrTiO 3 substrates using a radiofrequency magnetron sputtering technique in an oxygen-rich atmosphere and at a deposition temperature of 700 °C. The charge transport phenomena of these films were systematically investigated. Comparison of leakage current levels with respect to different BaTiO 3 –bottom electrode interfaces gave a direct proof of the p-type semiconducting behavior in the BaTiO 3 films, whose I – V characteristics were well described by a modified Schottky contact model up to an applied field of ∼60 MV m −1 . By adapting this model, we obtained interface potential barriers, space-charge and free charge carrier densities, as well as depletion layer width and interface layer thickness for the epitaxial BaTiO 3 films. The dominance of space-charges (∼10 20 cm −3 ) over intrinsic polarizations in these films well explained the apparent reduction in remnant polarization and tilting of the P – V hysteresis loops, as well as an enhanced dielectric strength. Further increase of the applied electric field will result in complete depletion of the BTO films. Consequently, charge transport in these films will become bulk-controlled. This prediction was validated by experimental J – V curves acquired for a broad range of applied electric field, where ionic conduction and Pool–Frenkel emission currents consecutively dominated in the high field (60–220 MV m −1 ) and ultrahigh field (220–300 MV m −1 ) regions. Finally, the potential of these lead-free heterostructures as high-energy density dielectric capacitors was demonstrated.

Conductive (La 0.5 Sr 0.5 )CoO 3 and Pt layers were prepared on (1 0 0) MgO substrate respectively as bottom electrode for BaTiO 3 films. While the (La 0.5 Sr 0.5 )CoO 3 layer showed a cube-on-cube epitaxy on MgO, thus promoting the heteroepitaxial growth of the successively grown BaTiO 3 film, the Pt layer was polycrystalline with a texture highly dependent on the growth temperature. BaTiO 3 films of the same thickness (∼320 nm) deposited on (La 0.5 Sr 0.5 )CoO 3 and Pt layers with different textures were comparatively investigated. The differences in electrical properties are found to be closely related to the crystalline orientation and interface states of the BaTiO 3 films on different bottom electrode layers.

In an attempt to build a CMOS-compatible process with reduced thermal budget for the integration of barium titanate ferroelectric films into Si-based MEMS and IC devices, BaTiO3 films were prepared on Pt/Ti/(1 0 0) Si substrate at 500 °C by a rf magnetron sputtering process without a post-growth annealing. Effects of substrate temperature, gas composition, gas pressure and target power on the microstructure of these films were analyzed in details. The BaTiO3 films deposited under the conditions of 500 °C substrate temperature, 120 W target power and 0.3 Pa gas pressure with a 4:1 Ar/O2 flow ratio displayed good ferroelectric and dielectric properties. The microstructure analysis by XRD and AFM indicated that these BaTiO3 films were polycrystalline with a preferred (0 0 1) orientation and a smooth surface with a Ra ∼ 1.7 nm. The twice remnant polarization 2Pr was 10.9 μC/cm2 @ 1 kHz, while the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were measured to be 720/0.042 @ 1 kHz, and 360/0.038 @ 1 MHz, respectively.

The effects of temperature and different forms of nutrients on Chattonella marina growth have been investigated in strains isolated from the Daya Bay, the South China Sea. The strain of C. marina preferred high temperatures, with an optimal temperature of 25°C, and 18°C was the minimum for its survival. Higher cell number and growth rate were obtained in high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (500 µg/L, 74 µg/L) than under nutrient limitation. Nitrogen influenced the growth most, as the specific growth rate and maximum cell density were lower in nitrogenlimited cultures than noted under phosphorus limitation or under limitation from both. C. marina was capable of using many kinds of organic nitrogen sources including L-serine (L-Ser), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), L-threonine (L-Thr), glutamic acid (Glu) and urea, but could not utilize uric acid. Various forms of organic phosphorus compound such as glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), sodium glycerophosphate (GYP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), cytidine monophosphate (CMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), 4-nitrophenylphosphate (NPP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP) supported the growth as well. Algal cells had the ability to sustain growth under nitrogen- and/or phosphorus-free conditions particularly under phosphorus depleted condition. These results led to the hypothesis that high loading of nitrogen has played an important role in frequent C. marina blooms in the past decade, and its capability for utilization of diverse forms of organic nutrients and growth in low nutrient conditions make this species a likely recurrent dominant in the Daya Bay phytoplankton assemblages, visible as more frequent blooms.

A global potential energy surface (PES) corresponding to the ground state of AuH2 system has been constructed based on 22 853 ab initio energies calculated by the multireference configuration interaction method with a Davidson correction. The neural network method is used to fit the PES, and the root mean square error is only 1.87 meV. The topographical features of the novel global PES are compared with previous PES which is constructed by Zanchet et al. (Zanchet PES). The global minimum energy reaction paths on the two PESs both have a well and a barrier. Relative to the Au + H2 reactants, the energy of well is 0.316 eV on the new PES, which is 0.421 eV deeper than Zanchet PES. The calculation of Au(2S) + H2(X1Σg+) → AuH(X1Σ+) + H(2S) dynamical reaction is carried out on new PES, by the time-dependent quantum wave packet method (TDWP) with second order split operator. The reaction probabilities, integral cross-sections (ICSs) and differential cross-sections are obtained from the dynamics calculation. The threshold in the reaction is about 1.46 eV, which is 0.07 eV smaller than Zanchet PES due to the different endothermic energies on the two PESs. At low collision energy (

BaTiO3–CoFe2O4 composite films were prepared on (100) SrTiO3 substrates by using a radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering method at 750 °C. These films contained highly (001)-oriented crystalline phases of perovskite BaTiO3 and spinel CoFe2O4, which can form a self-assembled nanostructure with BaTiO3 well-dispersed into CoFe2O4 under optimized sputtering conditions. A prominent dielectric percolation behavior was observed in the self-assembled nanocomposite. Compared with pure BaTiO3 films sputtered under similar conditions, the nanocomposite film showed higher dielectric constants and lower dielectric losses together with a dramatically suppressed frequency dispersion. This dielectric percolation phenomenon can be explained by the ‘micro-capacitor’ model, which was supported by measurement results of the electric polarization and leakage current.

under the different preparation conditions, the photoluminescence characteristic of porous silicon was different. This was a primary reason that caused many researches had the difference. This article used electrochemistry method to prepare porous silicon. The main research was that the influence of preparation conditions on the porous silicon's photoluminescence characteristic, the preparation conditions included the density of electrolyte、current density、corrosion time、lying time and so on。

This article gives two new and simple methods to treat porous silicon material, including acid treatment and cathode reduction treatment, to improve luminescence properties of porous silicon material. The results show that: the processing of cathode reduction can improve luminescence stability of porous silicon; the processing of acid treatment can effectively improve luminescence intensity of porous silicon. A conclusion can be drawn that the method of firstly processed porous silicon with cathode reduction treatment and secondly acid treatment has better effect to porous silicon luminescence intensity and stability than that of firstly acid treatment and secondly cathode reduction treatment.

The photoluminescence(PL) spectra at room temperature for the Si-based samples doped by Nd, O+ by ion implantation are measured.The results show that all the samples possess blue-violet photoluminescence properties under the ultraviolet light excitation and its light emission is stable.The PL spectra has multiple peak structure.The results show the intensity of PL spectra is closely relative to Nd and O+ implantation and to the temperature of thermal annealing.The light emission is more greater for the sample of fisrt O+ then Nd ion-implanted silicon than the one of first Nd then O+ ion-implanted silicon.The light-emitiing mechanism is also analyzed.

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature for the silicon-based samples doped by Nd and Ce by ion implantation are measured. The results show that all the samples possess blue-violet photoluminescence properties under the ultraviolet light excitation and its light emission is stable. The intensity of PL spectra is closely relative to the dose of implantation and to the temperature of thermal annealing.The feature and appearance of the samples was surveyed with atomic force microscopy(AFM).The results show that the surface grain size and coarse degree for sample have influence on its light emission efficiency.The light emission efficiency is higher when the surface grain size is symmetrical and average coarse degree is little for samples.The Rutherford Backscattering Spectrum(RBS) at room temperature for the samples was measured, the relationship between of luminescence properties of samples and morphology in implanted layer is investigated.The photoluminescence mechanism for our samples is also discussed.

Particle swarm optimization algorithm is a global optimization technique and a new technology base on swarm brainpower. This ideology comes from manpower anima and evolvement calculation theory. Its algorithm is simple for implement and excellent for application. Particle follow the one which is the best it found in the whole swarm to complete optimize. To solve the adjustable capability of fuzzy controlment and combine with the characteristic of nerve network, so fuzzy neural networks based on particle swarm optimization is designed in this paper. A nonlinear system is identified by the fussy neural networks. The distinguish process of fuzzy nerve network is confirming the precondition parameter and conclusion parameter. Simulation result indicates the great effect and potential in optimization of fuzzy nerve network. Base on this arithmetic’s speediness and availability, it can be use to practical field.

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature for the silicon-based samples doped by Nd by ion implantation are measured. The results show that all the samples possess blue-violet photoluminescence properties under the ultraviolet light excitation and its light emission is stable. The intensity of PL spectra is closely relative to the dose of implantation and to the temperature of thermal annealing.The above samples were treated by anodization method. The PL spectra of porous samples which were treated by HNO 3 were measured. The results show light emission efficiency of the porous samples that were treated by electro-chemical anodization etch and HNO 3 is higher than those of ordinary PS samples under the same measuring conditions.

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature for monocrystal Si wafer and thermal oxide Si samples doped Nd ion implantation are measured. The results show that all the samples possess blue-violet photoluminescence properties under the ultraviolet light excitation and its light emission is stable. The intensity of PL peaks increases with the increasing of Nd ion dose during ion beam synthesis within a certain limits, moreover, photoluminescence is closely relative to the temperature of thermal annealing. Besides, the feature and appearance of the samples was surveyed with atomic force microscopy (AFM).The photoluminescence mechanism for our samples is also discussed.

The surface of freshly prepared porous silicon exists a large number of Si dangling bonds and defects, which act as non-radiative recombination centers leading to an obvious decay of por-Si luminescence efficiency. We choose HNO 3 to affect the surface of fresh por-Si intending to improve the luminescence property of porous silicon. The experimental results indicate that the photoluminescence intensity of por-Si samples treated by HNO 3 get a four-five times increase and nearly ten days later, the gradually increasing Photoluminescence intensity of these samples become stable. The analysis of XPS and SEM demonstrate that the high oxidization of HNO 3 makes more O atoms absorption on the surface, and non-radiative recombination centers decrease in this way. As a result, photoluminescence intensity enhances, and a good stable luminescence of porous silicon is obtained.

BaTiO3–CoFe2O4 composite films were prepared on (100) SrTiO3 substrates by using a radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering method at 750 °C. These films contained highly (001)-oriented crystalline phases of perovskite BaTiO3 and spinel CoFe2O4, which can form a self-assembled nanostructure with BaTiO3 well-dispersed into CoFe2O4 under optimized sputtering conditions. A prominent dielectric percolation behavior was observed in the self-assembled nanocomposite. Compared with pure BaTiO3 films sputtered under similar conditions, the nanocomposite film showed higher dielectric constants and lower dielectric losses together with a dramatically suppressed frequency dispersion. This dielectric percolation phenomenon can be explained by the ‘micro-capacitor’ model, which was supported by measurement results of the electric polarization and leakage current.

Multiferroic composite thin films were fabricated based on ferroelectric (FE) Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 (BNT) and ferromagnetic (FM) La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) parents with different growth sequences of BNT–LCMO/LNO/STO (BL) and LCMO–BNT/LNO/STO (LB). Ferroelectric behaviour along with remnant polarization (2Pr) of 50 μC cm2 and 40 μC cm2 at room temperature, saturated magnetization values around 206 emu cm−3 and 192 emu cm−3 at 100 K were measured for BL and LB composite films, respectively. The temperature dependence of the magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect was investigated and the ME voltage coefficients of 63 mV cm−1 Oe−1 and 60 mV cm−1 Oe−1 at 100 K were respectively obtained for the BL and LB films. The results show that the composite films exhibit both good ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, as well as a substantial ME effect. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the layer sequences and temperature have significant impacts on the magnetoelectric coupling behaviour of these double-layered thin films, which is very likely caused by the magnetic–mechanical–electric interaction, substrate clamping and interface coupling.

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature for monocrystal Si wafer thermal oxide Si samples doped by La ion implantation are measured. The results show that all the samples possess blue-violet photoluminescence properties under the UV light excitation and its light emission is stable. The intensity of PL peaks increases with the increasing of La ion dose during ion beam synthesis within a certain limits. Moreover, PL is closely related to the temperature of rapid thermal annealing. Besides, the feature and appearance of the samples was surveyed, with atomic force microscopy. The photoluminescence mechanisms for our samples is also discussed.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.