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Selexipag, a long-acting and selective prostacyclin (PGI

Low mobility and high operating voltages are bottlenecks in the practical application of ferroelectric organic field-effect transistor (Fe-OFET) nonvolatile memory (NVM). In this article, we demonstrate a high-mobility polymer semiconductor-based Fe-OFET NVM that can well operate at low programming/erasing voltages ( ${V}_{{\mathrm {P}}}/{V}_{{\mathrm {E}}}$ ). The issue that hinders the reduction of the ${V}_{{\mathrm {P}}}/{V}_{{\mathrm {E}}}$ in Fe-OFET NVMs is discussed. We develop a route to resolve the issue by building a thin bilayer gate insulator consisted of an ultrathin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and a thin poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) films. The processing compatibility, that is, the tri-layered core architecture consisting of polymer semiconductor and insulator films is prepared by a full-solution technology, is confirmed. The mechanism of the performance improvements by using the ultrathin PMMA in the Fe-OFET NVMs is investigated. As a result, the Fe-OFET NVM exhibits excellent performances at low ${V}_{{\mathrm {P}}}/{V}_{{\mathrm {E}}}$ of ±15 V, with a high mobility up to 1.75 cm2/Vs, reliable memory endurance over 400 cycles, and stable memory retention over 65000 s.

In this letter, low-voltage operation and high mobility are simultaneously achieved in the OTFTs based on an elaborately constructed tri-layer gate dielectric. The tri-layer gate dielectric consists of the cross-linked poly(4-vinylphenol) (CL-PVP), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPy) and poly(styrene) (PS) films. The ultrathin CL-PVP and PS films prevent the charges transferring and trapping in the PVPy dielectric, which improves the performances. The low trap density at the organic semiconductor/dielectric interface contributes to the low-voltage operation and high mobility in the OTFTs. The OTFTs exhibit promising performances with high mobility exceeding 10 cm2/vs, small subthreshold swing of 185 mV/decade on average, high on/off ratio of $10^{{5}}$ , at low operating voltages below 5 V. The measurements on stability and ageing of the OTFTs indicate that the encapsulation is required for practical application.

Esophageal cancer has a high incidence and one of the highest mortality rates worldwide. There are few studies on the effects of sevoflurane on postoperative metastasis and recurrence of esophageal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sevoflurane on the progression of esophageal cancer and the underlying mechanism of the sensitivity to cisplatin.We used the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) line EC109 and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EADC) line SKGT-4. Cell proliferation and stemness potential were determined by MTT assay and sphere-forming assays, respectively. The protein expression of (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2) and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) was determined by western blot. Cell migration and invasion ability were separately determined by scratch assay and transwell assays, respectively. The distribution of cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).In the SKGT-4 cells, exposure to sevoflurane inhibited proliferation, increased the migration and invasion potential, increased the number of cells in S phase, promoted self-renewal ability, and up-regulated the expression of SOX2 and OCT4 compared with control cells. Compared with the cisplatin treated group, treatment with sevoflurane plus cisplatin reduced the level of LDH and inhibited apoptosis in the SKGT-4 cells. However, sevoflurane did not affect EC109 cells.Long-term exposure to sevoflurane inhibited the proliferation, increased migration and invasion capacity, and decreased the sensitivity to cisplatin in EADC by promoting stemness. However, sevoflurane had no effect on the behavior of ESCC.

Lead (Pb) is widely distributed in the environment that can impose potential risks to vegetables and humans. In this work, we conducted a pot experiment in Southern China to examine the physiological response and risk of edible amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) under the simultaneous stresses of lead from soil and atmosphere. The results indicate that the lead content of amaranth substantially exceeded China's national standard when Pb concentration from soils and atmosphere was high, and comparing to teenagers and adults, children exposed a higher health risk after consuming the contaminated amaranth. Under the co-stress, the lead in roots of amaranth mainly came from the soil, but the Pb from atmospheric deposition can significantly affect the lead concentration in leaves. While lead from atmospheric deposition is found to promote the growth of amaranth, the stress of lead from the soils shows an inhibitory effect, as indicated by the increase in H2O2 content, the damage in cell membranes, and the limitation in chlorophyll synthesis. The antioxidant system in stems and leaves of amaranth can effectively alleviate the Pb toxicity. However, the stress of high lead concentration from soils can substantially suppress the antioxidant enzyme activity of roots. While it is found that heavy metals in soils can significantly affect the vegetables grown in a multi-source pollution environment, we also call for the attention on the potential health risk imposed by the lead from atmospheric deposition. This study provides an important reference for the prevention and control of crop contamination in multi-source pollution environments.

The combination of biochar and specific bacteria has been widely applied to remediate Cadmium-contaminated soil. But little is known about how such composites affect the dynamic distribution of metal fractions. This process is accompanied by the alternations of soil properties and microbial community structures. Composite of rice straw biochar and Bacillus cereus RC-1 were applied to investigate its impacts on Cd alleviation and soil microbial diversity and structure. The bacterial/biochar composite treatment decreased the fraction of HOAc-extractable Cd by 38.82%, and increased residual Cd by 23.95% compared to the untreated control. Moreover, compared with the untreated control, the composite treatment significantly increased the soil pH by about 1.5 units, and the activities of catalase, urease and invertase enzymes were increased by 42.39%, 30.50% and 31.20%, respectively. Composite treatment increased soil bacterial and fungal alpha diversity, the relative abundance of Bacillus, Streptomyces, Arthrobacter, and Aspergillus species were also increased. Mantel test and correlation analysis indicated that the effects associated with fungal communities in influencing soil properties were lower than that those of bacterial communities by different treatment. Aggregated boosted tree (ABT) models analysis showed that soil chemical proprieties (as determined by SOM, CEC, AN, etc.,) contributed over 50% of the changes in bacterial and fungal communities by the composite treatment. The co-occurrence network results showed that all treatments enhanced the correlation between OUT groups and improved the possible relationships in the bacterial and fungal communities, especially the interrelationships between bacteria and fungi after the Cd fractions stabilized. These findings provide a new insight to optimal strategies for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.

Objectives: As a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the leading causes for death and disability for DM patients is diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in wound healing of DFUs. miR-203 is specifically enriched in keratinocytes and has been shown to target interleukin 8 (IL-8), which acts as an activator for the EMT process. In this study, we explored the interaction between miR-203 and IL-8 in DFU rat models and human keratinocyte cells, underlying the mechanism of miR-203’s function in DFUs progression. Methods: DFU rat models were used to test gene expression in DFU progression. Diabetic keratinocyte cell lines were used to validate in vitro. Wound healing and Transwell assays were applied to evaluate cell migration and invasion abilities. The EMT process was estimated by testing expression of E-cadherin, Vimentin and Slug. The interaction between miR-203 and IL-8 was determined by Luciferase assay. Results: Our results demonstrated that the wound-healing process had been slowed in DFUs, and the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) in wound tissue were of a higher expression than those in normal rat. miR-203 was increased in skin tissues from DFU rat models, while IL-8 was decreased. Through knock-down of miR-203 in AGE-treated keratinocyte cells, it had been shown that the downregulation of miR-203 could promote cell proliferation and migration, and facilitate the EMT process. Meanwhile, Luciferase assay proved that miR-203 could directly target and inhibit IL-8. The repression of IL-8 could rescue the outcomes brought about by miR-203 inhibition. Conclusions: The upregulation of miR-203 in DFU tissues impaired wound healing by the repress EMT process. Specific knock-down of miR-203 could promote wound healing through the reactivation of its target gene IL-8 and the downstream IL-8/AKT pathway.

Future flexible electronic systems require memory devices combining low power consumption and mechanical bendability. However, high programming/erasing (P/E) voltages, which are universally required to switch the storage states in previously reported ferroelectric organic field-effect transistor (Fe-OFET) nonvolatile memories (NVMs), severely prevent their practical applications. In this work, we develop a novel route to achieve a low-voltage programmable/erasable flexible Fe-OFET NVM. Ferroelectric terpolymer poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)], rather than the conventional ferroelectric copolymer poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)], is used as the gate dielectric. The low coercive field of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) is the main contribution to the low-voltage operation in the Fe-OFET NVM, even with a relative thick ferroelectric gate dielectric layer. By depositing a long-chain alkane molecule Tetratetracontane (TTC) as the passivation layer on the surface of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) film, the layer-by-layer growth mode of semiconductor pentacene is obtained, which results in a large crystalline grain and good interface morphology at the channel/dielectric. Therefore, the mobility of Fe-OFET NVMs is greatly improved. As a result, a high performance flexible Fe-OFET NVM is achieved, with a low P/E voltage of ±15 V, high mobility up to 0.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, reliable P/E endurance property over 1000 cycles, stable data storage retention capability over 6000 s, and excellent mechanical bending durability without visible degradation after 2000 repetitive tensile bending cycles at a small curvature radius of 4.0 mm.

Paper substrate based organic field-effect transistor (OFET) nonvolatile memories (NVMs) not only exhibit many advantages such as being low-cost, biodegradable and renewable, but also hold promise for novel application as single-use and disposable NVMs for storing personal health statuses in daily life and providing good privacy protection by offering easy physical destruction in the technology of the internet of everything. This study demonstrates a facile method to realize a multi-bit OFET-nonvolatile memory (NVM) on an ordinary commercial paper substrate by designing and fabricating a multilayer ferroelectric gate dielectric, by which both the mobility and controllability of the remnant polarization depending on the gate voltages are greatly improved. The multi-bit OFET-NVMs on a paper substrate show excellent performances with a high mobility up to 0.92 cm−2 V−1 s−1, a distinct four-level reading IDS with a large memory margin of about one order of magnitude was achieved at low multi-level programming/erasing voltages (

Achieving multi-bit data storage in one transistor is a promising strategy to further multiply the storage density of the nonvolatile memories (NVMs). Low-voltage programming/erasing (P/E) operation is a prerequisite for the commercialization of the multi-bit NVMs. And, the fast P/E switching is also a desirable figure of merit for the practical NVMs. Here, we develop a route to achieve a high-speed, low-voltage P/E flexible organic transistor-based NVM, by processing a monolayer buffered ferroelectric terpolymer insulator. The physical mechanisms for achieving the high-speed, low-voltage P/E properties in the organic transistor-based NVMs are investigated. As a result, high-performance flexible 2-bit NVMs are achieved, with the low P/E voltage of ±15 V, fast P/E switching capability of 50 ns, high mobility up to 7.4 cm2 V−1 s−1, high stable retention time up to 10 years, reliable endurance over 200 cycles, good mechanical bending durability, and atmosphere stability.

Biochar can be effective in immobilizing soil cadmium (Cd), but the difference in its immobilization mechanisms for different levels of Cd-contaminated soils was overlooked. In this study, rice straw biochar (BC) was added to three Cd-contaminated soils following 180 days of incubation, in the process of which the dynamic changes of Cd speciation, soil properties and microbial community diversity were determined. BC could significantly reduce the ratio of acid-soluble in the three soils, especially in light and medium Cd-contaminated soils by more than 20%. The addition of biochar could significantly increase the soil pH, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and the activities of catalase, but decrease the richness and diversity of bacterial communities in all soils. The associations between microbial communities were inhibited in light and medium Cd-contaminated soils, but promoted in heavy Cd-contaminated soils. Furthermore, the main pathway of BC effect on soil Cd availability was also analyzed by partial least squares model (PLS-PM), which indicated that BC indirectly reduced Cd availability mainly by regulating the microbial community in light Cd-contaminated soil, whereas BC directly reduced Cd availability primarily by its own adsorption in medium and heavy Cd-contaminated soils. This research deepened understanding of the mechanisms of stabilization of Cd by biochar for agricultural soils.

Light-emitting devices (LEDs) with inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) fabricated through the all-solution process have tremendous potential for new-generation illumination and displays on account of their large area and cost-effective manufacturing. However, the development of efficient solution-processed PNC LEDs remains challenge, which mainly results from the fact that only a few types of charge transport layers can be employed for the subsequent deposition steps, thus leading to injection barriers and charge injection imbalance inside these LEDs. Herein 4,4'-bis(carbazole-9-yl) biphenyl (CBP) is introduced as a dopant into the poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-N-(4-(3-methylpropyl)) diphenylamine) (TFB) hole transport layer (HTL), which efficiently modulates the mobility of charge carrier as well as the energy level of the HTL, resulting in the barrier-free injection of the charge carrier in the as-fabricated solution-processed PNC LEDs. Consequently, the luminance of red LEDs (688 nm) reaches 2990 cd m-2, and the external quantum efficiency achieves 8.1%, which is the optimal performance for solution-processed PNC LEDs to date. Additionally, the turn-on voltage and roll-off have also been improved by the more balanced charge injection.

By the current processing technology, it is a challenge to obtain ultrahigh-density information storage in the conventional binary floating-gate-based organic field-effect transistor (FG-OFET) nonvolatile memories (NVMs). To develop a multilevel memory in one cell is a feasible solution. In this work, we demonstrate FG-OFET NVMs with an integrated polymer floating-gate/tunneling (I-FG/T) layer consisting of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene

The low mobility is a primary issue to prevent the practical application of the ferroelectric organic field-effect transistor (Fe-OFET) nonvolatile memory (NVM). In this paper, we propose a route to resolve this issue by inserting an ultrathin ${\text {AlO}}_{X}$ layer between the semiconductor film and the ferroelectric polymer film. A high mobility of 6.5 $\text{cm}^{2}\cdot \text {V}^{-1}\cdot \text {s}^{-1}$ is achieved in the fabricated flexible Fe-OFET NVM, which also exhibits good memory performances with a large memory window of 17.2 V, a high memory on-off ratio up to $2 \times 10^{5}$ , reliable switching endurance property over 600 cycles, and stable retention capability with the memory on-off ratio larger than 102 over 104 s, at the low programming/erasing voltages of ±15 V.

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and Axin interactions serve an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to assess the combined effects of Axin and APC co‑expression in CRC cells, and to determine the underlying mechanisms involved. SW480 cells were divided into the following groups: Untransfected (SW480 group), transfected with pEGFP‑N3plus pCS2‑MT (SW480/vector‑vector), transfected with pEGFP‑N3‑APC5 (SW480/APC5), and transfected with pEGFP‑N3‑APC5 pluspCS2‑MT‑Axin (SW480/APC5‑Axin). APC5 and Axin mRNA levels were determined by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. MTT assays and flow cytometry analysis were performed to assess cell growth and cell cycle distribution, respectively. Quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, of Wnt signaling effectors, including β‑catenin, c‑myc and survivin. Successful transfection of SW480 cells was determined with APC and APC‑Axin plasmids as indicated by the green fluorescence signals. Notably, SW480/APC5 cell growth was inhibited by 40.33%, and cells co‑expressing APC5 and Axin demonstrated 61.27% inhibition of cell growth compared with SW480 control cells. The results demonstrate that APC5 may induce G1/S arrest in SW480 cells, and Axin may enhance cell growth arrest induced by APC5. The mRNA and protein levels of β‑catenin, c‑myc and survivin were significantly reduced in SW480/APC‑Axin cells when compared with the SW480/APC group. In conclusion, co‑expression of APC5 and Axin genes significantly downregulated Wnt signaling in human SW480 CRC cells and inhibited cell growth, when compared with cells transfected with APC5 alone. These results may provide experimental evidence to support combined gene therapy in CRC.

The physicochemical properties of biochars derived from rice straw, eucalyptus leaves, and vetiver grass pyrolyzed at 400 °C were investigated. It was found that rice straw biochar (RSB) may possess more acidic functional groups than eucalyptus leaves biochar (ELB) and vetiver grass biochar (VGB) while the specific surface area of VGB was the largest. Cd2+ adsorption characteristics by the three biochars were established under the effects of time, initial pH and concentration of solution. Maximum adsorption capacities of RSB, ELB, and VGB calculated by Langmuir model were 57.87 mg/g, 50.21 mg/g, and 44.09 mg/g, respectively, reflecting adsorption mechanisms may be dominated by chemical reaction than physical interaction. SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR and XPS were employed before and after adsorption to qualitatively explore possible adsorption mechanisms of the three biochar. It was found that precipitation, ion exchange, complexation and cation π interaction occurred in all the biochars. The relative contribution of the four main mechanisms to total adsorption capacity was quantitatively determined, suggesting precipitation, ion exchange, and cation π interaction were dominated for the three biochar, while complexation accounted for an insignificant part. This study clearly demonstrated mineral constituents of biochar had significant effects on Cd2+ adsorption by plant-based biochars, shedding some light on their future application.

Ferroelectric organic field-effect transistor nonvolatile memories (Fe-OFET-NVMs) offer attractive features for future memory applications, such as flexible and wearable electronics. Polymer semiconductor-based top-gate Fe-OFET-NVMs possess natural advantages in the device structure and processing manufacturing, compared to small-molecule semiconductor-based bottom-gate Fe-OFET-NVMs. However, their performances, such as mobility and operating voltages, should be further improved to be comparable to those of the latter. In this Letter, we develop a route to achieve high-performance top-gate Fe-OFET-NVMs, by employing a polymer semiconductor channel and self-organized ferroelectric/dielectric gate insulators, which were processed by a solution spin-coating technique. The optimal Fe-OFET-NVM exhibits a high mobility of 1.96 cm2/V s on average, a reliable endurance over 400 cycles, a stable retention capability over 6 × 104 s, and a life more than one year. Furthermore, the operating voltage of the Fe-OFET-NVM is reduced to ±20 V by scaling down the thickness of the ferroelectric/dielectric gate insulator. The whole performances of our memories are comparable to or better than those of the previous Fe-OFET-NVMs.

Flexible floating-gate structural organic thin-film transistor (FG-OTFT) nonvolatile memories (NVMs) are demonstrated based on an integrated molecular floating-gate/tunneling (I-FG/T) layer and a pn-heterojunction channel layer. Semiconducting polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) nanoparticles and insulating polymer polystyrene are used to build the I-FG/T layers by spin-coating their solution. The dependence of the memory performances on the structure of I-FG/T layers is researched. For achieving a large charge storage capacity, the pn-heterojunction channel, consisting of 2,9-didecyldinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and F16CuPc, is fabricated to provide both electrons and holes for injecting and trapping in the floating gate by overwriting the stored charges with an opposite polarity at the programming and erasing voltages, respectively. As an optimal result, a high performance flexible FG-OTFT NVM is achieved, with a large memory window of 21.6 V on average, a highly stable charge storage retention capability up to 10 years, and a highly reliable programming/erasing switching endurance over 200 cycles. The FG-OTFT NVM also exhibits an excellent mechanical bending durability with the memory performances maintaining well over 6000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 5.9 mm.

To compare the safety and efficacy between endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and radical surgery (RS) for the treatment of large colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LST) larger than 50 mm in diameter. Methods: From January 2011 to January 2016, a total of 82 patients were diagnosed as large LST without deep submucosal invasion (T1 SM2, ≥1 000 µm) in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Among them, 52 patients were treated by ESD and the other 30 patients were treated by RS [laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (LAC)/open colectomy (OC)]. The clinic data were retrospectively analyzed and the en-bloc resection rate, en-bloc R0 resection rate, local recurrence, complication, procedure time and hospital stay were collected and analyzed. Results: The lesion sizes were (5.80±1.20) cm and (5.53±0.69) cm in diameter for ESD and RS groups, respectively (P0.05). En-bloc resection rates, en-bloc R0 resection rates and recurrence rates showed no significant difference between the ESD group and RS group (P0.05). Complication rate of the ESD group (7.69%, 4/52) was much lower than that in the RS group (33.33%, 10/30; P0.01). The ESD group also had a shorter hospital stay and operation time than the RS group (P0.05). Conclusion: ESD appears to be a safe, minimal invasive and effective strategy for treating large LST and it is obviously better than RS in the aspects of hospital stay, operation time and short-term complication.目的：比较内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection，ESD)与根治性手术(radical surgery，RS)治疗直径5 cm的大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(laterally spreading tumor，LST)的疗效和安全性。方法：收集中南大学湘雅二医院2011年1月至2016年1月确诊的82例直径5 cm的无深部黏膜下浸润的大肠LST患者(T1 SM2，≥1 000 μm)，其中52例接受ESD治疗，30例接受RS(包括腹腔镜辅助结肠切除术和开腹结肠切除术)治疗。回顾性分析患者的临床资料并比较两组患者的整块切除率、整块R0切除率、局部复发率、并发症、手术时间和住院时间。结果：ESD组和RS组病灶大小分别为(5.80±1.20) cm和(5.53±0.69) cm(P0.05)。两组整块切除率、整块R0切除率和局部复发率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。ESD组并发症发生率(7.69%，4/52)明显低于根治性手术组(33.33%，10/30；P0.01)。ESD组的住院时间和手术时间明显短于RS组(P0.05)。结论：ESD是一种安全、微创、有效的治疗较大LST的方法。在住院时间、手术时间及短期并发症方面明显优于RS组。.

To investigate the clinicopathological differences in laterally spreading tumor (LST) from the rectum and colon. Methods: Clinicopathological records of 198 patients with LST (116 cases in rectum, 82 cases in colon) from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between January 2012 and January 2017 were evaluated. Results: A total of 198 colorectal LST were included. According to the endoscopic classification, nodular mixed type (LST-GM), homogeneous type (LST-GH), flat elevated type(LST-FE) and pseudodepressed type (LST-PD) were 127(64.1%), 13(6.6%), 41(20.7%) and 17(8.6%), respectively. LST-GM was predominant in the rectum (71.7%), while LST-FE was predominant in the colon (78.0%), with significant difference (P0.01). The mean size of LST was (52.03±35.62) mm or (25.37±11.56) mm in the rectum or the colon, with significant difference between them (P0.01). High grade intraepithelial neoplasia frequency was higher in the rectum than that in the colon (31.0% vs 18.3%), while the low grade intraepithelial neoplasia frequency was lower in the rectum than that in the colon (61.2% vs 75.6%) (both P0.05). The mean size of LST-GM and LST-GH diameter were larger in the rectum than that in the colon, and the malignant potential of LST-GM was higher in the rectum than that in the colon. The percentage of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia + invasive carcinoma was 41.8% and 22.2%, respectively (both P0.05). LST in colon was mostly treated with endoscopic mucosal resection, while LST in rectum was treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection predominantly. Conclusion: LSTs from the rectum and colon show different clinicopathological characteristics to some extent. LST-GM is predominant in the rectum, while LST-FE is predominant in the colon. The malignant potential of LST-GM is higher in the rectum than that in the colon.目的：研究直肠和结肠来源的侧向发育型肿瘤(laterally spreading tumor，LST)的临床病理特征之间的差异。方法：回顾性分析中南大学湘雅二医院2012年1月至2017年1月确诊的198例LST患者(直肠116例，结肠82例)的临床病理资料。结果：198例患者按内镜分型来看，结节混合型127例(64.1%)，颗粒均一型13例(6.6%)，扁平隆起型41例(20.7%)，假凹陷型17例(8.6%)；结节混合型更常见于直肠(71.7%)，扁平隆起型更常见于结肠(78.0%)，两者差异有统计学意义(P0.01)；直肠LST直径为(52.03±35.62) mm，结肠LST直径为(25.37±11.56) mm，两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)；直肠LST与结肠LST相比较，高级别上皮内瘤变的比例更高(分别为31.0%和18.3%)，低级别上皮内瘤变的比例则较低(分别为61.2%和75.6%)(均P0.05)；直肠LST与结肠LST相比较，结节混合型和颗粒均一型的直径更大，结节混合型拥有更高的恶性潜能(高级别瘤变+浸润癌的百分率分别为41.8%和22.2%)(均P0.05)；结肠LST多采用内镜下黏膜切除术治疗，直肠LST多采用内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗。结论：直肠LST与结肠LST表现出某些不同的临床病理特征，结节混合型LST更常见于直肠，扁平隆起型LST更常见于结肠，直肠结节混合型LST可能具有更高的恶性潜能。.

Cigarette smoke has been implicated as a major risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Several lines of evidence have suggested that the promoting effect of cigarette smoking extract (CSE) on ESCC is mediated by upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Yet, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of how CSE stimulates COX-2 expression and facilitates ESCC development are largely unknown. In the present study, we revealed microRNA (miR)-101-3p expression was downregulated upon exposure to low concentration of CSE in Eca109 cancer cells, and suppression of miR-101-3p was required for low CSE-induced cell proliferation, presenting as overexpression of miR-101-3p reversing CSE stimulated cancer cell growth. Luciferase assay revealed that COX-2 was a direct target for miR-101-3p and overexpression of miR-101-3p decreased cellular COX-2 protein expression. Furthermore, we found that COX-2 inhibitor and knockdown of COX-2 by siRNA interference could abolish CSE-induced cell proliferation, indicating that promotion of cancer cell proliferation by low concentration of CSE was dependent on COX-2 activity. Finally, downregulation of miR-101-3p expression and upregulation of COX-2 was found in ESCC specimens from patients with smoking history. Taken together, our findings revealed a new post-transcriptional mechanism by which CSE regulated COX-2 expression to favor cancer cell proliferation, suggesting miR-101-3p as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for smoke-related ESCC.

A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted to analyze the association between three common interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of developing gastric cancer. Genotyping of SNPs rs2275913, rs763780 and rs3748067 within the IL-17 gene were detected by performing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Gastric cancer patients were more likely to be cigarette smokers, alcohol drinkers and have a family history of cancer in their first-degree relatives. Patients carrying the rs763780 polymorphism were correlated with a significant increased risk of gastric cancer in codominant, dominant and recessive models. Additionally, individuals with the rs763780 polymorphism were correlated with a markedly increased risk of gastric cancer among alcohol drinkers in codominant, dominant and recessive models. Furthermore, a significant correlation was identified between the rs763780 polymorphism and the consumption of alcohol. However, no association was identified between rs2275913 and rs3748067 polymorphisms and the risk of developing gastric cancer. Thus, the present study reported that the rs763780 polymorphism may be associated with risk of developing gastric cancer in the population studied, particularly in alcohol drinkers.

We report a close connection between the fluctuation characteristics of the electrical derivative (ED) initial peaks and the 1/f noise intensities of different samples we found during the investigation of the 1/f noise origins of InGaAs quantum well high-power semiconductor laser diodes (LDs). We conduct contrast measurements on over fifty samples, where the current 1/f noise is measured under different bias currents, expressed by power spectrum density (PSD) and the EDs are computed from the current-voltage (I-V) measurement results. Then the influence of 1/f noise on the ED initial peaks is presented by comparing these parameters of different samples. The results show a clear pattern between the noise intensity and the ED initial peak fluctuation, and distinct differences between functional and aged LD devices, showing that ED initial peak can also be a non-destructive testing method for high power LD cavity damage and surface defects.

The high operating voltage is a primary issue preventing the commercial application of the ferroelectric organic field-effect transistor (Fe-OFET) nonvolatile memory (NVM). In this work, we propose a novel route to resolve this issue by employing two ultrathin AlOX interfacial layers sandwiching an ultrathin ferroelectric polymer film with a low coercive field, in the fabricated flexible Fe-OFET NVM. The operation voltage of Fe-OFET NVMs decreases with the downscaling thickness of the ferroelectric film. By inserting two ultrathin AlOX interfacial layers at both sides of the ultrathin ferroelectric film, not only the gate leakage is prominently depressed but also the mobility is greatly improved. Excellent memory performances, with large mobility of 1.7 ~ 3.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, high reliable memory switching endurance over 2700 cycles, high stable data storage retention capability over 8 × 104 s with memory on-off ratio larger than 102, are achieved at the low operating voltage of 4 V, which is the lowest value reported to data for all Fe-OFET NVMs. Simultaneously, outstanding mechanical fatigue property with the memory performances maintaining well over 7500 bending cycles at a bending radius of 5.5 mm is also achieved in our flexible FE-OFET NVM.

Bushen Yizhi prescription (BSYZ) is a traditional Chinese compound prescription, which is commonly used in China for treating ShenXu and hypophrenia based on traditional Chinese medicine and Alzheimer's Disease according to modern Chinese medicine. Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson fruits (CM) is treated as the main herb of BSYZ, and its main active ingredient Osthole (OST) is considered as one of the major active ingredients of BSYZ. Even though OST plays an important role in the BSYZ its bioavailability is poor. In order to investigate whether the bioavailability of OST was influenced by BSYZ and CM extract, the comparative evaluations on pharmacokinetics of OST after oral administration of pure OST at different doses, CM and BSYZ extract were studied.30 rats were randomly assigned to five groups and orally administered with pure OST at different doses (15, 75 and 150 mg/kg), CM (15 mg/kg OST) and BSYZ (15 mg/kg OST) extract. At different predetermined time points after administration, the concentrations of OST in rat plasma were determined by using the HPLC-UV method, and main pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated.The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters of OST were significantly different (p0.05) among the groups. The AUC(0→t), AUC(0→∞) and Cmax of OST were significantly increased after oral administration of BSYZ extract, followed by CM extract, in comparison to pure osthole at different doses.This present study indicated that the bioavailability of pure OST after oral administration was extremely low and it was dramatically enhanced because of the synergistic effect of the traditional Chinese Bushen Yizhi prescription.

Floating-gate based organic field-effect transistor (FG-OFET) nonvolatile memories (NVMs) are demonstrated based on an integrated molecular floating-gate/tunneling layer, in which small molecular fullerene (C60) acting as the floating-gate and long-chain alkane molecule tetratetracontane acting as the tunneling layer are synchronously prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation. The effects of the thickness and the component of the integrated floating-gate/tunneling layer on the performances of memory are investigated. As a result, a high performance FG-OFET NVM is achieved, with a large memory window of 8.0 V on average, stable retention capability over 10 years, and reliable switching endurance over 100 cycles at the programming/erasing voltages of ±40 V, at an optimized condition.

It will help understand the representation legality of soil temperature to explore the correlations of soil respiration with variant properties of soil temperature. Soil temperature at 10 cm depth was hourly logged through twelve months. Basing on the measured soil temperature, soil respiration at different temporal scales were calculated using empirical functions for temperate forests. On monthly scale, soil respiration significantly correlated with maximum, minimum, mean and accumulated effective soil temperatures. Annual soil respiration varied from 409 g C m−2 in coniferous forest to 570 g C m−2 in mixed forest and to 692 g C m−2 in broadleaved forest and was markedly explained by mean soil temperatures of the warmest day, July and summer, separately. These three soil temperatures reflected the maximum values on diurnal, monthly and annual scales. In accordance with their higher temperatures, summer soil respiration accounted for 51% of annual soil respiration across forest types and broadleaved forest also had higher soil organic carbon content (SOC) and soil microbial biomass carbon content (SMBC), but a lower contribution of SMBC to SOC. This added proof to the findings that maximum soil temperature may accelerate the transformation of SOC to CO2-C via stimulating activities of soil microorganisms.

Future flexible electronic systems require memory devices combining low-power operation and mechanical bendability. However, high programming/erasing voltages, which are universally needed to switch the storage states in previously reported ferroelectric organic field-effect transistor (Fe-OFET) nonvolatile memories (NVMs), severely prevent their practical applications. In this work, we develop a route to achieve a low-voltage operating flexible Fe-OFET NVM. Utilizing vertical phase separation, an ultrathin self-organized poly(styrene) (PS) buffering layer covers the surface of the ferroelectric polymer layer by one-step spin-coating from their blending solution. The ferroelectric polymer with a low coercive field contributes to low-voltage operation in the Fe-OFET NVM. The polymer PS contributes to the improvement of mobility, attributing to screening the charge scattering and decreasing the surface roughness. As a result, a high performance flexible Fe-OFET NVM is achieved at the low P/E voltages of ±10...

To investigate the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in the nasal mucosa of mouse with allergic rhinitis.Twenty wide type BALB/c mouse were divided into 2 groups randomly. Two groups were included, allergic rhinitis group (group A) and control group (group B). The mouse model of allergic rhinitis was established by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. The expressions of TSLP in the nasal mucosa was determined by realtime quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical method.The expression of TSLP in the nasal mucosa of group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P0.01).TSLP plays a role in the mouse model of allergic rhinitis.

To observe whether Tutin microinjection into the pontine NPBM respiratory area of rabbit will cause morphological damage to that area two hours later.At two hours after the microinjection of Tutin into NPBM, the experimental effects on respiration came to be remarkable and the physiological condition was well, the rabbit was subjected to morphological sampling then. The sample was cut into slices for LM (Nissl dyeing) and transmission EM observation and photography.Under the LM and EM examination, no remarkable morphological damage done by Tutin microinjection into the pontine NPBM was observed. By comparing the Tutin-injected side with the other side of NPBM where equal normal saline microinjection was given, no apparent morphological difference could be found.In our experiment condition, there was no morphological damage caused by Tutin microinjection into pontine NPBM respiratory area of the rabbit.

Reverse genetics has been successfully used for the generation of recombinant influenza virus with altered biological properties. The standard method is based on DEAE-dextran transfection of in vitro reconstituted influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) into helper viruses infected cells with subsequent selection of the recombinant viruses. Here we report the utilization of electroporation for reverse genetics of influenza virus as an improvement over the standard method. In a neuraminidase (NA) gene rescue system, we were able to demonstrate that electroporation of in vitro reconstituted NA RNP of influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus into WSN/HK virus infected cells allows the rescue of the transfectant WSN virus. The titer of transfectant virus obtained using electroporation is comparable to that generated using the DEAE-dextran transfection method. More significantly, the ratio of transfectant virus to helper virus is as much as 20-fold greater than that achieved using the DEAE-dextran system. We have also used electroporation to generate recombinant influenza virus carrying cDNA-derived matrix (M) gene or nucleoprotein (NP) gene of the WSN virus by using the temperature-sensitive ( ts ) mutants ts51 and ts56 as helper viruses. In the case of electroporation of M gene RNP, 88% of the viruses isolated after selection at 39°C were transfectants. In contrast, the majority of viruses obtained using the DEAE-dextran transfection method were revertants of the helper virus. The NP-gene transfectant was only generated by the electroporation method. Our results suggest that electroporation of influenza virus RNP may be a useful method for generation of recombinant influenza viruses, especially in a system in which a ts mutant is used as helper virus.