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Longer emergency medical system cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-to-return of-spontaneous-circulation (EMS CPR-to-ROSC) interval has been associated with worse hospital discharge outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We hypothesized that this association extends post-discharge in hospital survivors. We investigated whether pre-arrest co-morbidities influence the duration of resuscitation.We included EMS-treated adult OHCA (January 2009 - December 2016) from British Columbia Cardiac Arrest Registry linked to provincial databases. Pre-OHCA characteristics were compared by ≤10, 10-20, and20 min interval categories. Outcomes included survival and functional outcomes at hospital discharge and 1- and 3-year survival. We examined the relationship between CPR-to-ROSC intervals and survival using Kaplan-Meier. We examined the relationship between the CPR-to-ROSC interval (continuous variable) with all outcomes using regression models.Among 10,241 OHCA, 4604 (45%) achieved ROSC, with a median CPR-to-ROSC interval of 15.5 (IQR 9.0-22.9) minutes. Diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and prior myocardial infarction were associated with longer CPR-to-ROSC intervals. 1245 (12.2%) survived to hospital discharge. Among hospital survivors, Kaplan-Meier survival at 1- and 3-years were 92% [95% CI 90-93%] and 84% [95% CI 82-86%] respectively; survival curves stratified by CPR-to-ROSC intervals were not statistically different. Longer CPR-to-ROSC interval was non-linearly associated with lower survival and functional outcomes at hospital discharge but not with post-discharge outcomes.Longer CPR-to-ROSC interval was associated with lower survival at hospital discharge and was influenced by pre-arrest co-morbidities. However, these intervals were not associated with long-term survival or functional outcome among hospital survivors, suggesting early risk of longer CPR-to-ROSC intervals does not persist.

Background and aims The relationship between plaque regression induced by dyslipidemia therapies and occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-regression of dyslipidemia therapy studies reporting MACE and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) measures of change in coronary atheroma. Methods Prospective studies of dyslipidemia therapies reporting percent atheroma volume (PAV) measured by IVUS and reporting death, myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina or transient ischemic attack (MACE) were included. The association between mean change in PAV and MACE was examined using meta-regression via mixed-effects binomial logistic regression models, unadjusted and adjusted for mean age, baseline PAV, baseline low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and study duration. Results The study included 17 prospective studies published between 2001 and 2018 totaling 6333 patients. Study duration varied from 11 to 104 weeks. Mean change in PAV, across the study arms, ranged from −5.6% to 3.1%. MACE ranged from 0 to 72 events per study arm: 13 study arms (38%) reported no events, 8 (24%) reported 1–2 events and 13 (38%) reported 3 or more events. Meta-regression demonstrated a decline in the odds of MACE associated with reduction in mean PAV: unadjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.78, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): [0.63, 0.96], p = 0.018; adjusted OR: 0.82, 95% CI: [0.70, 0.95], p = 0.011, per 1% decrease in mean PAV. Conclusions A 1% reduction in mean PAV as induced by dyslipidemia therapies was associated with a 20% reduction in the odds of MACE.

Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with poor short-term outcomes. However, the impact of pre- and in-hospital factors on long-term outcomes is ill-defined, mainly related to challenges combining disparate data sources. Methods: We linked adult non-traumatic EMS-treated OHCAs from the British Columbia Cardiac Arrest Registry (Jan 2009 - Dec 2016) to provincial datasets describing co-morbidities, medications, procedures, mortality, and hospital admission and discharge. Among hospital-discharge survivors, we examined the 3-year composite endpoint of mortality ± all-cause readmission using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method and multivariable Cox model for predictors. Results: Of 10,876 successfully linked OHCAs, 1325 survived to hospital discharge: mean age 62.8 years, 77.9% male, 72.6% shockable rhythms, 60.1% non-public locations, 69.1% bystander CPR, and 30.3% STEMI. During admission, 78.6% required mechanical ventilation, 69.1% received coronary angiography (37.5% PCI, 10.3% CABG), and 24.8% received an ICD. At 3 years post-discharge, the estimated KM event rates were 15.9% (95% CI 13.9%, 19.3%) for mortality and 68.2% (95% CI 65.3%, 71.0%) for mortality and readmission, which differed by age, initial rhythm, and arrest location ( Figure ). Following multivariable analysis, patients with a history of HF [HR 1.62 (95% CI 1.34 - 1.96)], age >75 [1.62 (1.35, 1.96)], anticoagulation use [2.55 (1.36, 4.79)], non-shockable rhythm [1.29 (1.07, 1.55)] and non-public arrest location [1.21(1.04, 1.40)] were more likely to experience the composite endpoint; those receiving coronary angiography were less likely [0.79 (0.64, 0.98)]. Conclusions: The long-term death or readmission risk persists even among OHCA hospital-discharge survivors, and is associated with both pre- and in-hospital factors. An enriched, linked dataset detailing the entire OHCA “journey” may be a promising tool to identify care and treatment gaps.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure thresholds, below which cardiovascular events increase, are widely debated. Using data from the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial), we evaluated the relation between systolic and diastolic pressure and cardiovascular events among 1519 participants with or 7574 without prior cardiovascular disease. Using Cox regression, we examined the composite risk of myocardial infarction, other acute coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure, or cardiovascular death, and follow-up systolic and diastolic pressure were analyzed as time-dependent covariates for a median of 3.1 years. Models were adjusted for age, sex, baseline systolic pressure, body mass index, 10-year Framingham risk score, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. A J-shaped relationship with diastolic pressure was observed in both treatment arms in patients with or without cardiovascular disease ( P nonlinearity≤0.002). When diastolic pressure fell P =0.29). The hazard ratios (95% CI) of diastolic pressure P value 0.006 and 1.52 (0.99–2.34), P value 0.06 in patients without and with prior cardiovascular disease, respectively. After adjusting for follow-up diastolic pressure, follow-up systolic pressure was not associated with the outcome in those without prior cardiovascular disease ( P =0.64). In those with cardiovascular disease, adjusting for diastolic pressure, follow-up systolic pressure was associated with the risk in the intensive arm (hazard ratio per 10 mm Hg decrease, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75–0.99; P interaction=0.02). Although the observed J-shaped relationship may be because of reverse causality in the SPRINT population, we advise caution in aggressively lowering diastolic pressure.

With the K-means clustering and Logistic model, we forecasted the carbon emissions in 30 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2014 to 2023 based on the data of 30 provinces from 2005 to 2013. First, 5 indicators were selected, which include GDP, urbanization rate, the proportion of the second industry, the energy efficiency and the carbon emission intensity. Secondly, K-means cluster analysis method was used to divide the carbon emission into 5 types. Finally, the Logistic model of carbon emissions growth was built, to predict the carbon emissions these provinces from 2014 to 2023. It was found that the carbon emission of China from 2014 to 2023 is increasing continuously.

Digital content industry, listed as China's “key cultural industries”, has maintained high-speed growth in recent years. However, challenges still remain since piracy has become obstacles in long-term sustainable development. A firm may employ different pricing and investing policies with differentiated environmental conditions to protect intellectual property, increase legitimate sales and maximize the firm's benefits. Based on the assumption that the firm uses a skimming strategy, we establish three models to analyze the pricing and investing decisions of the firm selling a product with continuous saturation effect over time and pirated easily. All the optimal pricing and investing policies that maximize profits can be applied to a wide variety of digital industries such as entertainment and online office industries.

The Fontan procedure is increasingly being used to palliate univentricular physiology. It is a complex anatomic and physiologic repair that can fail at any age, often leaving heart transplantation as the only remaining solution. A meta-analysis was performed to achieve the aim of systematically evaluating the existing evidence for survival after heart transplantation in patients who have undergone a Fontan palliation. MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for original research studies. The primary outcome was mortality at 1 and 5 years after transplantation. Five hundred eighty-two records were screened, after the removal of duplicates, 12 retrospective observational studies were selected for inclusion in our meta-analysis. This encompassed a total of 351 Fontan patients undergoing heart transplantation. Mean age was 14 years (range 7 to 24 years) and 65% were men. One- and 5-year survival rates after heart transplantation were found to be 80.3% (95% CI 75.9% to 84.2%) and 71.2% (95% CI 66.3% to 75.7%), respectively. No significant association was found between age, gender, and pulmonary pressures and 1-year mortality. In conclusion, in the largest analysis to date, we found that heart transplantation in younger patients after Fontan procedure has an acceptable early and mid-term mortality. It is comparable to published mortality data of heart transplantation for other forms of congenital heart disease. Heart transplantation in the younger failing Fontan population appears to be a reasonable option when all other avenues have been exhausted and appropriate screening has taken place.

Considering a monopolistic online video site through set the optimal pricing charge for the VIP members to max the total income. Through solving model, we found optimal VIP membership fees have a strong positive correlation not only with the added services value which is provide to the VIP members but also the degree of bother imposed by the advertising. What's more, the profit of advertising and the cost of provide added service to users both need to be paid by VIP members, but the basic value accepted by customers has no relationship with the optimal price charge for VIP members.

A minimalist approach for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) may be advantageous in frail patients undergoing TAVR. We assessed the impact of frailty, as measured with a 5-meter walk test, on early discharge and clinical outcomes using the Vancouver Clinical Pathway in the 3M (

We consider the nonlinear Dirac equation, also known as the Soler model: $i\p\sb t\psi=-i\alpha \cdot \nabla \psi+m \beta \psi-f(\psi\sp\ast \beta \psi) \beta \psi$, $\psi(x,t)\in\mathbb{C}^{N}$, $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\le 3$, $f\in C\sp 2(\R)$, where $\alpha_j$, $j = 1,...,n$, and $\beta$ are $N \times N$ Hermitian matrices which satisfy $\alpha_j^2=\beta^2=I_N$, $\alpha_j \beta+\beta \alpha_j=0$, $\alpha_j \alpha_k + \alpha_k \alpha_j =2 \delta_{jk} I_N$. We study the spectral stability of solitary wave solutions $\phi(x)e^{-i\omega t}$. We study the point spectrum of linearizations at solitary waves that bifurcate from NLS solitary waves in the limit $\omega\to m$, proving that if $k>2/n$, then one positive and one negative eigenvalue are present in the spectrum of the linearizations at these solitary waves with $\omega$ sufficiently close to $m$, so that these solitary waves are linearly unstable. The approach is based on applying the Rayleigh--Schroedinger perturbation theory to the nonrelativistic limit of the equation. The results are in formal agreement with the Vakhitov--Kolokolov stability criterion., Comment: 17 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1203.3859 (an earlier 1D version)

For degree-one equivariant maps on bounded domains, the question of finite-time blow-up vs. global existence of solutions to the harmonic map heat flow has been well studied. In this paper we study the Cauchy problem for degree-m equivariant harmonic map heat flow from ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional space–time into the 2-sphere with initial energy close to the energy of harmonic maps. It is proved that solutions are globally smooth for m ⩾ 4 , whereas for m = 1 , we show that finite-time singularities can form for this class of data.