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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the comprehensive biological process of several cancer types. In our former study, we found that hsa-microRNA- (miR-)28-5p was downregulated, but tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activating protein zeta (14-3-3ζ or YWHAZ) was upregulated in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tissues. We predicted that YWHAZ was a target gene for hsa-miR- 28-5p using bioinformatics analysis. Our goal was to reveal the role of hsa-miR-28-5p in DLBCL. YWHAZ was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of 137 DLBCL tissues, and the expression of hsa-miR-28-5p and YWHAZ was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 15 fresh and frozen DLBCL tissues. To study the functional roles of the downregulated hsa-miR-28-5p in DLBCL, a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was conducted to estimate cell proliferation. Transient transfection of miRNA mimics was performed to overexpress hsa-miR-28-5p, and flow cytometry was performed to examine cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to explore the relationship between hsa-miR-28-5p and YWHAZ. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to investigate the function of hsa-miR-28-5p in YWHAZ expression. hsa-miR-28-5p was found to be significantly downregulated in DLBCL tissues and cell lines. Functional studies showed that hsa-miR-28-5p overexpression inhibited cell viability and proliferation, and YWHAZ was predicted to be a target of hsa-miR-28-5p. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR verified that hsa-miR-28-5p negatively regulated YWHAZ expression by directly targeting its 3′ untranslated regions in DLBCL cells. hsa-miR-28-5p may suppress the growth of DLBCL cells by inhibiting YWHAZ expression. These findings could provide novel targets for DLBCL diagnosis and therapy.

Multicasting does not work well for video applications such as video on demand, where individual users request video content at discrete and unpredictable moments. In this paper, we study a concurrent video multicast orchestration solution for the caching-assisted and centrally controlled mobile networks. The proposed solution strives to obtain rapid video prefetch and effective traffic reduction. By rapid video prefetch, user devices can cache required contents in advance, which can effectively improve the streaming fluency in unsteady wireless environments, especially the highly mobile vehicular environment. We introduce a maximum-rate concurrent multicast (MRCM) problem whose solution is intended to maximize the total video delivery rate by a concurrent multicast manner, and prove that the MRCM problem is NP-hard. Then, we propose a dynamic concurrent multicast tree construction algorithm and a global concurrent multicast tree optimization algorithm to approximately solve the MRCM problem in polynomial time. We also introduce a cache competition mechanism that strives to maximize the total cache hit rate when the cache space is insufficient. Performance evaluations show that compared with the existing cache-assisted multicast delivery solutions, the proposed solution significantly reduces the video delivery duration and the traffic stress of backhaul links.

The unique physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles are closely related to the interfacial properties, which depend on the nano-effect. Herein, we theoretically analyzed the relationships of interfacial thermodynamic properties with particle size and discussed the influencing mechanism and regularities of nano-effect on interfacial thermodynamic properties. Experimentally, nano-Ag with different radii (1.4 nm to 39.1 nm) was prepared by the liquid phase reduction method. The interfacial tension, its temperature coefficient, and the interfacial thermodynamic properties of the interface between nano-Ag and its electrolyte solution were determined by an electrochemical method. Both the theoretical analysis and the experimental results show that nano-effect has a great influence on the interfacial properties of nanoparticles. Nano-effect mainly consists of interfacial area effect and interfacial tension effect. With the decreasing particle size, nano-effect increases; interfacial Gibbs energy, interfacial internal energy, interfacial enthalpy, and interfacial entropy increase. When the radius exceeds 10 nm, the interfacial area effect is the crucial influencing factor for interfacial thermodynamic properties, and there exist linear relations of these interfacial thermodynamic properties and the reciprocal of radius. When the radius is less than 10 nm, both interfacial area effect and interfacial tension effect (including the effect of interfacial tension and its temperature coefficient) influence interfacial thermodynamic properties, resulting in deviations from the linear relationships, and the smaller the particle size, the more obvious the deviation. In addition, for nano-Ag, when the radius is reduced to 1.5 nm, the influence of interfacial area effect and interfacial tension effect on interfacial thermodynamic properties are nearly equal, and interfacial tension effect will be crucial with continuing decrease of the particle size. This research can provide significant fundamental insight into size-dependent interfacial properties and explain and predict the regularities of the effect of particle size on thermodynamic properties in various physical and chemical processes.

Human–computer interaction (HCI) plays a vital role in modern intelligent systems, such as brain-machine integration, human action recognition, telemedicine, and somatosensory game. A decision support system is a combination of the information system and decision-making technology. Visual human–computer interaction decision-making is a key technique in the decision support system. This paper proposes a new visual decision-making system applicable for industrial applications, i.e. data mining topics. To assist the performance of the proposed visual decision-making system, it is designed for data mining technique applications. Furthermore, the architecture of the decision support system is analyzed based on practical data mining case study. The comprehensive experiment shows that the proposed method is effective and robust in comparison to other methods.

Background Medical image data, like most patient information, have a strong requirement for privacy and confidentiality. This makes transmitting medical image data, within an open network, problematic, due to the aforementioned issues, along with the dangers of data/information leakage. Possible solutions in the past have included the utilization of information-hiding and image-encryption technologies; however, these methods can cause difficulties when attempting to recover the original images. Methods In this work, we developed an algorithm for protecting medical image key regions. Coefficient of variation is first employed to identify key regions, a.k.a. image lesion areas; then additional areas are processed as blocks and texture complexity is analyzed. Next, our novel reversible data-hiding algorithm embeds lesion area contents into a high-texture area, after which an Arnold transformation is utilized to protect the original lesion information. After this, we use image basic information ciphertext and decryption parameters to generate a quick response (QR) code used in place of original key regions. Results The approach presented here allows for the storage (and sending) of medical image data within open network environments, while ensuring only authorized personnel are able to recover sensitive patient information (both image and meta-data) without information loss. Discussion Peak signal to noise ratio and the Structural Similarity Index measures show that the algorithm presented in this work can encrypt and restore original images without information loss. Moreover, by adjusting the threshold and the Mean Squared Error, we can control the overall quality of the image: the higher the threshold, the better the quality and vice versa. This allows the encryptor to control the amount of degradation as, at appropriate amounts, degradation aids in the protection of the image. Conclusions As shown in the experimental results, the proposed method allows for (a) the safe transmission and storage of medical image data, (b) the full recovery (no information loss) of sensitive regions within the medical image following encryption, and (c) meta-data about the patient and image to be stored within and recovered from the public image.

Cooperation and competition widely exist in various kinds of network diffusions which however are usually studied separately. Recently, a novel network diffusion model, called multi-feature diffusion (MFD), attracts considerable attentions. The existing works usually assume that each feature diffuses independently and neglects the possible complex interplay between different features. In this paper, we introduce the cooperation and competition into the MFD and propose the \emph{c}ooperation and \emph{c}ompetition coupled diffusion of \emph{m}ulti-\emph{f}eature on multiplex network (CCMF). An unified framework and mathematical analytic theory regarding CCMF are then presented which are applicable and computationally efficient for any number of features and their own different sub-diffusion dynamics. In addition, an interesting finding is obtained in CCMF: compared with the high intensity competition, performing lower intensity competition under weak competition ability is more easier to result in positive effect. Due to the great importance of controlling network diffusion in many diverse contexts, we also propose an optimal allocation strategy of control resource for CCMF which first realizes the promotion and suppression of network diffusion simultaneously under one optimization framework and is also verified to be very efficient.

We investigated the clinicopathological role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNS-DLBCL). Standardized staining for PD-L1 was performed by machine staining, and internationally accepted interpretation methods were used. The PD-L1 immunostaining ≥ 20 % of all cells in slices was defined as high expression of PD-L1. CD4, CD8, and PD-1 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were enumerated, and the median was defined as the cutoff value. Values higher than the median was defined as high expression. Thirty-four cases (64.2 %) showed high expression of PD-L1. PD-L1 expression was associated with a good prognosis when 20 % was considered as cutoff value and had the smallest P value. By contrast, a low number of CD8