200 results on '"Meierkord H"'
Search Results
2. Status epilepticus induces increasing neuronal excitability and hypersynchrony as revealed by optical imaging
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Holtkamp, M., Buchheim, K., Elsner, M., Matzen, J., Weissinger, F., and Meierkord, H.
- Published
- 2011
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3. Therapy monitoring
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Kühne, I., Ceballos-Baumann, A. O., Conrad, B., Kruggel, F., von Einsiedel, H. Gräfin, Schneider, R., Kluge, R., Willmes, K., Stephan, K. M., Netz, J., Hömberg, V., Schönle, P. W., Schwall, D., Bischoff, C., Machetanz, J., Meyer, B.-U., Pallmann, F., Ohlmann, D., Krick, C., Jäger, H., Nachtigall, W., Schimrigk, K., Forster, J., Meyer, B. U., Bresser, B., Thomas, W., Schmitt, R. M., Mielke, U., Welsch, H. J., Lagler, E., Dillmann, U., Krämer, G., Lüder, G., Hopf, H. C., Haupt, W. F., Borberg, H., Rosenow, F., Stoll, M., Hamann, G., Donauer, E., Steudel, W. I., Elek, J. M., Orfgen, Th., Sieb, J. P., Dengler, R., Strittmatter, M., Holzer, G., Haaß, A., Rose, A., Westarp, M. E., Flügel, R. M., Bartmann, P., Fuchs, D., Hoff-Jörgensen, R., Clausen, D., Westarp, M. P., Kornhuber, H. H., Westphal, K. P., Bauer, J., Laupheimer, H., Hülser, P., Schreiber, H., Baumgärtner, K., Wollinsky, K. H., van Eick, H., Heidenreich, F., Leifeld, L., Benecke, R., Jost, Wolfgang H., Schimrigk, Klaus, Bergemann, N., Baas, H., Demisch, L., Fischer, P.-A., Alesch°, F., Fertl, E., Auff, E., Koos, W., Bauer, B., Schmidt, B., Grau, G., Henschel, S., Braus, Dieter F., Schwechheimer, Karl, Volk, Benedikt, Claus, D., Beck, E., Gmeiner, H. J., Puschmann, E., Brunhölzl, C., Jäger, W., Neundörfer, B., Seitz, R. J., Schlaug, G., Kleinschmidt, A., Reifenberger, G., Wechsler, W., Wirrwar, A., Nebeling, B., Treede, R.-D., Hansen, H. C., Kunze, K., Bufler, J., Toyka, K. V., Maelicke, A., Franke, Ch., Melms, A., Malcherek, G., Link, H., Kalbacher, H., Lindstrom, J., Oksenberg, J., Steinman, L., Müller, C., Platz, T., Denzler, P., Mauritz, K.-H., Binkofski, F., Kunesch, E., Kuhlmann, H., Hefter, H., Freund, H-J., Weindl, A., Boecker, H., Kuwert, T., Mayer, T., Winkler, B., Herzog, H., Feinendegen, L. E., Arnold, G., Eichhorn, T., Mai, N., Gasser, T., Marquard, C., Oertel, W. H., Werhahn, K. J., Fong, J., Rothwell, J. C., Shorvon, S., Thompson, P. D., Marsden, C. D., Elger, C. E., Hefner, G., Güldenberg, V., Meierkord, H., Lightman, St., Trimble, M., Jaspert, A., Spitzer, A., Grehl, H., Henningsen, H., Pause, M., Mundinger, F., Schwab, J., Günther, T., Kaendler, S. H., Enzensberger, W., Fischer, P-A., Raitzig, M., Müller, J., Zinner, J., Kasper, S., Stuerenburg, H. J., Hase, M., Hinse, P., Neunzig, P., Weis, M., Rechlin, T., Hilz, M. J., and Schimrigk, K.
- Published
- 1992
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4. The Wada test in Austrian, Dutch, German, and Swiss epilepsy centers from 2000 to 2005: a review of 1421 procedures
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Haag, A., Knake, S., Hamer, H.M., Boesebeck, F., Freitag, H., Schulz, R., Baum, P., Helmstaedter, C., Wellmer, J., Urbach, H., Hopp, P., Mayer, T., Hufnagel, A., Jokeit, H., Lerche, H., Uttner, I., Meencke, H.-J., Meierkord, H., Pauli, E., Runge, U., Saar, J., Trinka, E., Benke, T., Vulliemoz, S., Wiegand, G., Stephani, U., Wieser, H.G., Rating, D., Werhahn, K., Noachtar, S., Schulze-Bonhage, A., Wagner, K., Alpherts, W.C.J., Boas, W. van Emde, and Rosenow, F.
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- 2008
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5. Anticonvulsant, antiepileptogenic, and antiictogenic pharmacostrategies
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Holtkamp, M. and Meierkord, H.
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- 2007
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6. Enzephalopathien als Folge von Epilepsien und Antikonvulsiva bei Erwachsenen
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Meierkord, H., primary
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- 2013
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7. Predictors and prognosis of refractory status epilepticus treated in a neurological intensive care unit
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Holtkamp, M., Othman, J., Buchheim, K., and Meierkord, H.
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Status epilepticus -- Risk factors ,Status epilepticus -- Prognosis ,Status epilepticus -- Care and treatment ,Intensive care units -- Evaluation ,Intensive care units -- Care and treatment ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2005
8. The management of refractory generalised convulsive and complex partial status epilepticus in three European countries: a survey among epileptologists and critical care neurologists
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Holtkamp, M, Masuhr, F, Harms, L, Einhaupl, KM, Meierkord, H, and Buchheim, K
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Health surveys -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Research -- Methods -- Surveys ,Neurologists -- Practice -- Surveys ,Epileptics -- Health aspects -- Care and treatment -- Surveys ,Clinical neuropsychology -- Research -- Surveys -- Health aspects -- Analysis -- Methods ,Hospital patients -- Health aspects -- Surveys -- Care and treatment ,General anesthesia -- Health aspects -- Methods -- Analysis -- Research -- Surveys ,Health ,Psychology and mental health ,Practice ,Care and treatment ,Analysis ,Research ,Surveys ,Methods ,Health aspects - Abstract
Objective: To survey the current clinical treatment of refractory status epilepticus and to identify steps in its management which may need further investigation. Methods: Epileptologists and critical care neurologists were [...]
- Published
- 2003
9. Anticonvulsant properties of hypothermia in experimental status epilepticus
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Schmitt, F.C., Buchheim, K., Meierkord, H., and Holtkamp, M.
- Published
- 2006
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10. Sodium bromide: effects on different patterns of epileptiform activity, extracellular pH changes and GABAergic inhibition
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Meierkord, H., Grünig, F., Gutschmidt, U., Gutierrez, R., Pfeiffer, M., Draguhn, A., Brückner, C., and Heinemann, U.
- Published
- 2000
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11. IMAGING | Using Intrinsic Optical Signal Changes to Analyze Epileptic Activity and Seizures
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Meierkord, H., primary
- Published
- 2009
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12. Diagnosis and clinical types: MT 12–1
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Meierkord, H.
- Published
- 2010
13. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults
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Meierkord, H., Boon, P., Engelsen, B., Göcke, K., Shorvon, S., Tinuper, P., and Holtkamp, M.
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- 2010
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14. Transient loss of inhibition precedes spontaneous seizures after experimental status epilepticus
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Holtkamp, M., Matzen, J., van Landeghem, F., Buchheim, K., and Meierkord, H.
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- 2005
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15. SIMPLE AND PARTIAL COMPLEX STATUS EPILEPTICUS
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Meierkord, H.
- Published
- 2006
16. ANTICONVULSANT PROPERTIES OF HYPOTHERMIA IN EXPERIMENTAL STATUS EPILEPTICUS: 118
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Schmitt, F., Buchheim, K., Matzen, J., Meierkord, H., and Holtkamp, M.
- Published
- 2006
17. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus
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Meierkord, H., Boon, P., Engelsen, B., Göcke, K., Shorvon, S., Tinuper, P., and Holtkamp, M.
- Published
- 2006
18. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain: Abstracts of Symposia and free communications
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Harms, L., Bock, A., JÄnisch, W., Valdueza, J., Weber, J., Link, I., De Keyser, J., Goossens, A., Wilczak, N., Vedeler, C., Bjorge, L., Uvestad, E., Conti, G., Williams, K., Ginsberg, L., Rafique, S., Rapoport, S. I., Gershfeld, N. L., De La Meilleure, G., Crevits, L., Faiss, J. H., Heye, N., Blanke, J., Sackmann, A., Kastrup, O., Doornbos, R., van der Worp, H. B., Kappelle, L. J., Bar, P. R., Davie, C. A., Barker, G. J., Brenton, D., Miller, D. H., Thompson, A. J., Block, F., Schwarz, M., Delodovici, L., Baruzzi, F., Bonaldi, G., Dario, A., Marra, A., Mercuri, A., Dworzak, F., Cavallari, P., Confalonieri, P., Zuffi, M., Antozzi, C., Cornelio, F., Baldissera, F., Chassande, B., Ameri, A., Eymard, B., Poisson, M., Vérier, A., Brunet, P., Congia, S., Murgia, P. L., Cannas, A., Borghero, G., Uselli, S., Mellino, G., Ferrai, R., Lampis, R., Massa, R., Muzzetto, B., Giannini, F., Rossi, S., Cioni, R., d'Aniello, C., Guarneri, A., Battistini, N., Ceriani, F., Del Santo, A., Poloni, M., Campo, J. F., Iglesias, F., Guitera, M. V., Farinas, C., Pascual, J., Leno, C., Berciano, J., Thorpe, I. W., Kendall, B. E., McDonald, W. I., Moulignier, A., Dromer, F., Baudrimont, M., Dupont, B., Gozlan, J., El Amrani, M., Petit, J. C., Roullet, E., Sterzi, R., Causaran, R., Protti, A., Riva, M., Erminio, F., Arena, O., Villa, F., Maccagnano, E., Miletta, M., Spinelli, F., Ben-Hur, T., Weidenfeldl, J., Rao, N. S., Chari, C. C., Laforet, P., Matheron, S., Adams, D., Chemouilli, Ph., Desi, M., Said, G., Davous, P., Lionnet, F., Pulik, M., Genet, P., Rozenberg, F., Cartier, L. M., Castillo, J. L., Cea, J. G., Villagra, R., de Saint Martin, L., Mahieux, F., Manifacier, M. J., Mattos, K., Queiros, C., Publio, L., Vinhas, V., PeÇanha-Martins, A. C., Melo, A., Liska, U., Zifko, U., Budka, H., Drlicek, M., Grisold, W., Kaufmann, R., Kaiser, R., Czygan, M., Gomes, I., Jones, N., Cunha, S., EmbiruÇu, E. Katiane, Vieira, V., Araujo, I., Alexandra, M., Ferreira, A., Goes, J., Chemouilli, P., Israel-Biet, Masson, H., Lacroix, C., Gasnault, J., Hildebrandt-Müller, B., Oschmann, P., Krack, P., Willems, W. R., Dorndorf, W., Freitas, V., Bittencourt, A., Fernandes, D., Nascimento, M. H., Severo, M., Moraes, D., Muller, M., Hasert, K., Merkelbach, S., Schimrigk, K., van Oosten, B. W., Lai, M., Polman, C. H., Bertelsmann, F. W., Hodgkinson, S., Cabre, P. H., Volpe, L., Smadja, D., Vernant, J. P., Villaroya, H., Violleau, K., Younes-Chennoufi, A. Ben, Baumann, N., Villanueva-Hemandez, P., Ballabriga, J., Basart, E., Arbizu, T. X., Perez-Serra, J., Vinuels, F., Giron, J. M., Castilla, J. M., Redondo, L., Izquierdo, G., Lauer, K., Henneberg, A., Bittmann, N., Link, D., Wollinsky, K. H., Mobner, R., Fassbender, K., Kuhnen, J., Schwartz, A., Hennerici, M., Miller, A., Lider, O., Abramsky, O., Weiner, H. L., Offner, H., Vanderbark, A. A., Paoino, E., Fainardi, E., Addonizio, M. C., Ruppi, P., Tola, M. R., Granieri, E., Carreras, M., Sazdovitch, V., Joutel, A., Verdier-taillefer, M. H., Heinzlef, O., Radder, C., Tournier-Lasserve, E., Brenner, R. E., Munro, P. M. G., Williams, S. C. R., Bell, J. D., Hawkins, C. P., Filippi, M., Campi, A., Dousset, V., Canal, N., Comi, G., Zhu, J., Weber, F., Retska, R., List, J., Zhang, L., Brock, M., Taphoorn, M. J. B., Heimans, J. J., van der Veen, E. A., Karim, A. B. M. F., Sarazin, M., Argentino, N., Delattre, J. Y., Derkinderen, P., Buchwald, B., Schroter, G., Serve, G., Franke, C. H., Conrad, B., Kitchen, N. D., Thomas, D. G. T., Forman, A. D., Ang, Kie- Kian, Price, R., Stephens, C., Salmaggi, A., Nermni, R., Silvani, A., Forno, M. G., Luksch, R., Boiardi, A., Grzelec, H., Fryze, C., Nowacki, P., Zdziarska, B., Sanson, M., Merel, P., Richard, S., Rouleau, G., Thomas, G., Olsen, N. K., Pfeiffer, P., Egund, N., Bentzen, S. M., Johannesen, L., Mondrup, K., Rose, C., Zyluk, B., Wondrusch, E., Berger, O., Fast, N., Jellinger, K., Lindner, K., Urman, A., Thibault, J. L., Duyckaerts, Ch., Strik, H., Muller, B., Richter, E., Krauseneck, P., Steinbrecher, A., Schabet, M., Hess, C., Bamberg, M., Dichgans, J., Counsell, C. E., McLeod, M., Grant, R., Creel, G. B., Claus, D., Sieber, E., Engelhardt, A., Rechlin, T., Thierauf, P., Neubauer, U., Peresson, M., Di Giovacchino, G., Romani, G. L., Di Silverio, F., Danek, A., Kuffner, M., Hoermann, R., Schopohl, J., Laska, M., Heye, B., Zangaladze, A. T., Valls-SoIè, J., Cammarota, A., Alvarez, R., Tolosa, E., Hallett, M., Ulbricht, D., Ganslandt, O., Kober, H., Vieth, J., Grummich, P., Pongratz, H., Brigel, C., Fahlbusch, R., Serra, F. P., Palma, V., Nolfe, G., Buscaino, G. A., Rothstein, T. L., Gibson J. M., Morrison P. M., Collins A. D., Eiselt, M., Wagnur, H., Zwiener, U., Schindler, T., Efendi, H., Ertekin, C., Erfas, M., Larsson, L. E., Sirin, H., AraÇ, N., Toygar, A., Demir, Y., Seddigh, S., Vogt, T. H., Hundemer, H., Visbeck, A., Pastena, L., Faralli, F., Mainardi, G., Gagliardi, R., Linden, D., Berlit, P., Lopez, O. L., Becker, J. T., Jungreis, C., Brenner, R., Rezek, D., Dekesky, S. T., Estol, C., Boller, F., Fernandez, J. M., Mederer, S., Batlle, J., Turon, A., Codina, A., Hitzenberger, P., Vila, N., Valls-SolÇ, J., Chamorro, A., Pouget, J., Schmied, A., Morin, D., Azulay, J. Ph., Vedel, J. P., Montalt, J., Escudero, J., Barona, R., Campos, A., Varli, K., Ertem, E., Uludag, B., Yagiz, A., Privorkin, Z., Steinvil, Y., Kott, E., Combarros, O., Sanchez-Pernaute, R., Orizaola, P., Mokrusch, Th., Kutluaye, E., Selcuki, D., Ertikin, C., Zettl, U., Gold, R., Harvey, G. K., Hartung, H. P., Toyka, K. V., Wokke, J. H. J., Oey, P. L., Ippel, P. F., Jansen, G. H., Franssen, H., Toyooka, K., Fujimura, H., Ueno, S., Yoshikawa, H., Yorifuji, S., Yanagihara, T., Talamon, C., Tzourio, C., Kiefer, R., Jung, S., Toyka, K., Ruolt, I., Tranchant, C., Mohr, M., Warter, J. M., Younger, D. S., Rosoklija, G., Hays, A. P., Kurita, R., Hasegawa, O., Matsumto, M., Komiyama, A., Nara, Y., Oueslati, S., Belal, S., Turki, I., Ben Hamida, C., Hentati, F., Ben Hamida, M., Kwiecinski, H., Krolicki, L., Domzal-Stryga, A., Dellemijn, P. L. I., van Deventer, P., van Moll, B., Drogendijk, T., Vecht, Ch. J., Nemni S., Amadio, Fazio, R., Galardin, G., Delodovici, M. L., Peghi, E., Monticelli, M. L., Sessa, A., Viguera, M. L., Palomar, M., Gamez, J., Cervera, C., Navarro, C., Serena, J., Duran, I., Fernandez, A. L., Comabella, M., Nos, C., Rio, J., Montalban, J., Navarro, X., Verdu, E., Darbra, S., Buti, M., Mrabet, A., Fredj, M., Gouider, R., Tounsi, H., Khalfallah, N., Haddad, A., Dbaiss, T., Ghnassia, R., Rouillet, E., Chedru, F., Porsche, H., Strenge, H., Li, S. W., Young, Y. P., Garcia, A. A., Baron, P., Scarpini, E., Bianchi, R., Conti, A., Livraghi, S., Rees, J. H., Gregson, N. A., Hughes, R. A. C., Sedano, M. J., Calleja, J., Canga, E., Bahou, Y., Biary, N., Al Deeb, S. M., Guern, E. L. E., Gugenheim, M., Tardieu, S., Aisonobe, T. M., Agid, Y., Bouche, P., Brice, A., Rautenstrauss, B., Nelis, E., Grehl, H., Van Broeckhoven, C., Pfeiffer, R. A., Liehr, T., Ganzmann, E., Gehring, C., Neundörfer, B., Geremia, L., Doronzo, R., Sacilotto, G., Sergi, P., Pastorino, G. C., Scarlato, G., Planté-Bordeneuve, V., Mantel, A., Baas, F., Moser, H., Antonini, A., Psylla, M., Günther, I., Vontobell, P., Beer, H. F., Leenders, K. L., Chaudhuri, K. Ray, Parker, J., Pye, I. F., Millac, P. A. H., Abbott, R. J., Sutter, M., Albani, C., de Rijk, M. C., Breteler, M. M. B., Graveland, G. A., van der Mechè, F. G. A., Hofman, A., Keipes, M., Hilger, Ch., Diederich, N., Metz, H., Hentges, F., Pollak, P., Benabid, A. L., Limousin, P., Hoffmann, D., Benazzouz, A., Perret, J., Laihinen, A., Rinne, J. O., Ruottinen, H., Nagren, K., Lehikoinen, P., Oikonen, V., Ruotsalainen, U., Rinne, U. K., Cocozza, S., Pizzuti, A., Cavalcanti, F., Monticelli, A., Pianese, L., Redolfi, E., Paiau, F., Di Donato, S., Pandolfo, M., Palau, F., Monros, E., De Michele, G., Smeyers, P., Lopez-ArLandis, J., Uilchez, J., Filla, A., Genis, D., Matilla, T., Volpini, V., Blanchs, M. I., Davalos, A., Molins, A., Rosell, J., Estivill, X., De Jonghe, P., Smeyers, G., Krols, L., Mercelis, R., Hazan, J., Weissenbach, J., Martin, J. J., Warner, T. A. T., Williams, L., Orb, A. S., Harding, A. E., Giunti, P., Sweeney, M. G., Spadaro, M., Jodice, C., Novelletto, A., Malaspina, P., Frontali, M., Salmon, E., Gregoire, Del Fiore, Comar, Franck, G., Scheltens, P. H., Siegfried, K., Dartigues, E., De Deyn, P., Horn, R., Nelson, I., Hanna, M. G., Morgan-Hughes, J. A., Collinge, J., Palmer, M. S., Campbell, T., Mahal, S., Sidle, K., Humphreys, C., Tavitian, B., Pappata, S., Jobert, A., Crouzel, A. M., DiGiamberardino, L., Steimetz, G., Barbanti, P., Fabbrini, G., Salvatore, M., Buzzi, M. G., Di Piero, V., Petraroli, R., Sbriccoli, A., Pocchiari, M., Macchi, G., Lenzi, G. L., Spiegel, R., Maguire, P., Schmid, W., Ott, A., Bots, M. L., Grobbe, D. E., Hofman, A., Howard, R. S., Russell, S., Losseff, N., Hirsch, N. P., Couderc, R., Bailleul, S., Nargeot, M. C., Touchon, J., Picot, M. C., Rizzo, M., Watson, G., McGehee, D., Dingus, T., Kappos, L., Radü, E. W., Haas, J., Hartard, C. H., Spuler, S., Yousry, T., Voltz, R., Scheller, A., Holler, E., Hohlfeld, R., Scolding, N. J., Sussman, J., Kolar, O. J., Farlow, M. R., Rice, P. H., Zipp, F., Sotgiu, S., Weiss, E. H., Wekerle, H., Chalmers, R., Robertson, N., Compston, D. A. S., Martino, G., Clementi, E., Brambilla, E., Moiola, L., Martinelli, V., Colombo, B., Poggi, A., Rovaris, M., Grimaldi, L. M. E., Roth, M. P., Descoins, P., Ballivet, S., Ruidavets, J. B., Waubant, E., Nogueira, L., Cambon-Thomsen, A., Clanet, M., Leppert, D., Hauser, S., Lugaresi, A., Tartaro, A., D'aurelio, P., Befalo, L. L. O., Thomas, A., Malatesta, G., Gambi, D., Benedikz, J. E. G., Magnusson, H., Poser, C. M., Guomundsson, G., Bates, T. E., Davies, S. E. C., Clark, J. B., Landon, D. N., ùther, J. R., Rautenberg, W., Overgaard, K., Sereghy, T., Pedersen, H., Boysen, G., Diez-Tejedor, E., Carceller, F., Gutierrez, M., Lopez-Pajares, R., Roda, J. M., Chandra, B., Ricart, W., Gonzalez-Huix, F., Molina, A., Rundek, T., Demarin, V., De Reuck, J., Boon, P., Decoq, D., Strijckmans, K., Goethals, P., Lemahieu, I., Nibbio, A., Chabriat, H., Vahedi, K., Nagy, T., Verin, M., Mas, J. L., Julien, J., Ducrocq, X., Iba-Zizen, M. T., Cabanis, E. A., Bousser, M. G., Rolland, Y., Landgraf, F., Bompais, B., Lemaitre, M. H., Edan, G., Vorstrup, S., Knudsen, L., Olsen, K. Skovgaard, Videbaek, C., Schroeder, T., van Gijn, J., Jansen, H. M. L., Pruim, J., Paans, A. M. J., Willemsen, A. T. M., Hew, J. M., vd Vliet, A. M., Haaxma, R., Vaalburg, W., Minderhoud, J. M., Korf, J., Soudain, S. E., Ho, T. W., Mishu, B., Li, C. Y., Nachainkin, I., Gao, C. Y., Cornblath, D. R., Griffin, J. W., Asbury, A. K., Blaser, M. J., McKhann, G. M., Ho, T., Macko, C., Xue, P., Stadlan, E. M., Ramos-Alvarez, M., Valenciano, L., Visser, L. H., van der Meché, F. G. A., van Darn, P. A., Meulstee, J., Schmitz, P. I. M., Jacobs, B., Oomes, P. G., Kleyweg, R. P., Jacobs, B. C., Endtz, H. P., van Doorn, P. A., van der Mech, F. G. A., Van den Berg, L. H., Mollee, I., Logtenberg, T., Thomas, P. K., Plant, G., Baxter, P. J., Luis, R. Santiago, Matsumoto, M., Notermans, N. C., Wokke, J. H. J., Lokhorst, H. M., van der Graaf, Y., Jennekens, F. G. I., Azulay, J. P., Bille-Turg, F., Valentin, P., Farnarier, G. G., Pellissier, J. F., Serratrice, G., Quasthoff, S., Schneider, U., Grafe, P., Hilkens, P. H. E., Moll, J. W. B., van der Burg, M. E. L., Planting, A. S. T., van Putten, W. L. J., van den Bent, M. J., Birklein, F., Spitzer, A., Lang, E., Neundorfer, B., Diehl, R. R., Lücke, D., Smith, G. D. P., Mathias, C. J., Serra, J., Campera, M., Ochoa, J. L., Ray Chaudhuri, K., Pavitt, D., Alam, M., Handwerker, H. O., Bleasdale-Barr, K., Smith, G., Murray, N. M. F., Hawkins, P., Pepys, M., Gellera, C., DiDonato, S., Taroni, F., Uncini, A., Di Muzio, A., Servidei, S., Silvestri, G., Lodi, R., Iotti, S., Barbiroli, B., Morrissey, S. P., Borruat, F. X., Francis, D., Mosely, I., Hansen, H. C., Helmke, K., Kunze, K., Sadzot, B., Maquet, P., Lemaire, Plenevaux, Damhaut, Sommer, C., Myers, R. R., Berta, E., Mantegazza, R., Argov, Z., Shapira, Y., Wirguin, I., Beuuer, J., Franke, C., Roberts, M., Willison, H., Vincent, A., Newsom-Davis, J., Morrison, K. E., Damels, R., Francis, M., Campbell, L., Davies, K. E., Kohler, W., Bucka, C., Hertel, G., Kanovsky, P., Auer, D., Ackermann, H., Klose, U., Naegele, Th., Bien, S., Voigt, K., Fink, G. R., Stephan, K. M., Wise, R. J. S., Mullatti, N., Hewer, L., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Weiller, C. S., Rijnites, M., Jueptner, M., Bauermann, T., Krams, M., Diener, H. C., van Walderveen, M. A. A., Barkhof, F., Hommes, O. R., Valk, J., Willmer, J. P., Guzman, D. A., Passingham, R. E., Silbersweig, D., Ceballos-Baumann, A., Frith, C. D., Frackowiak, R., Lucas, C. H., Goullard, L., Marchau, M. J., Godefroy, O., Rondepierre, P. H., Chamas, E., Mounier-Vehier, F., Leys, D., Renato, J., Verdugo, M. S. C., Campero, M., Jose, L., Ochoa, D. S. C., Vivancos, F., Tejedor, E. Diez, Martinez, N., Roda, J., Frank, A., Barreiro, P., Satoh, Y., Nagata, K., Maeda, T., Hirata, Y., YalÇinerner, B., Ozkara, C., Ozer, F., Ozer, S., Hanoglu, L., Zunker, P., Pozo, J. L., Oberwittler, C., Schick, A., Buschmann, H. -Ch., Ringelstein, E. Bernd, Lara, M., Anzola, G. P., Magoni, M., Volta, G. Dalla, Tarasov, A., Feigin, V., Beaudry, M. G., Carrier, S., Chicoutimi, Henriques, I. L., Bogoussslavsky, J., van Melle, G., Mathieu, J., Perusse, L., Allard, P., Prevost, C., Cantin, L., Bouchard, J. M., De Braekeleer, M., Agbo, C., Neau, J. P., Tantot, A. M., Dary-Auriol, M., Ingrand, P., Gil, R., Baltadjiev, D., Zekin, D., Sabey, K., Gennaula, C. P., Pope, B. A., Caparros-Lefebvre, D., Girard-Buttaz, I., Pruvo, J. P., Petit, H., Hipola, D., Martin, M., Giménez-Roldan, S., Ivanez, V., Japaridze, G., Carrasco, J. L., Picomell, I., Herranz, J. L., Macias, J. A., Nieto, M., Noya, M., Oller, L., Kiteva-Trencevska, G., Delgado, M. R., Liu, H., Luengo, A., Parra, J., Colas, J., Fernandez, M. J., Manzanares, R., Kornhuber, M. E., Malashkhia, V., Orkodashili, G., Martinez, M., Bonaventura, I., Porta, G., Martinez, I., Fernandez, A., Aguilar, M., Masnou, P., Drouet, A., Dreyfus, M., Cartron, J., Morel-Kopp, M. C., Tchernia, G., Kaplan, C., Lammers, M. W., Hekster, Y. A., Keyser, A., Meinardi, H., Renier, W. O., Boon, P. A. J. M., Have, M. D., Kint, B., Cruz, P., Cadilha, A., Almeida, R., Goncalves, M., Pimenta, M., Ramos, L. M. P., Polder, T. W., Broere, C. A., Polman, L., Rother, I., Rother, M., Schlaug, G., Arnold, S., Holthausen, H., Wunderlich, G., Ebner, A., Luders, H., Witte, O. W., Seitz, R. J., Serra, L. L., Gallicchio, B., Rotondi, F., Wieshmann, U., Meierkord, H., Sabev, K., Di Carlo, V., Gueguen, B., Derouesné, Ch., Ancri, D., Bourdel, M. C., Guillou, S., Aliaga, R., Chornet, M. A., Rodrigo, A., Pascual, A. Pascual -Leone, Catala, M. D., Pascual-Leone, A., Benbadis, S. R., Dinner, D. S., Chelune, G. J., Lüders, H. O., Piedmonte, M. R., Blanco, T., Lopez, M. P., Romero, B., Deltoro, A., Pascual, A., Pascual, Leone, Bolgert, F., Josse, M. O., Tassan, P., Touze, E., Laplane, D., Godenberg, F., Brizioli, E., Del Gobbo, M., Pelliccioni, G., Scarpino, O., Durak, H., Damlacik, G., Tunca, Z., Fidaner, H., Yurekli, Y., Yemez, B., Kaygisiz, A., Anllo, E. A., Esperet, E., Giovagnoli, A. R., Casazza, M., Spreafico, R., Avanzini, G., Mascheroni, S., Vecchio, I., Tornali, C., Antonuzzo, A., Grasso, A. A., Bella, R., Pennisi, G., Raffaele, R., Broeckx, J., Schildermans, F., Hospers, W., Deberdt, W., Carney, J. M., Aksenova, M., Chen, M. S., Juncadella, M., Busquets, N., De la Fuente, I., Rodriguez, A., Rubio, F., Soler, R., Khati, C., Pillon, B., Deweer, B., Malapani, C., Malichard, N., Dubois, B., Rancurel, G., Lopez, D. L., Jungreia, G., DeKosky, S. T., Boiler, F., Weiller, C., Rijntjes, M., Mueller, S. P., Maguire, E. A., Burke, E. T., Staunton, H., Phillips, J., Rousseaux, M., Pena, J., Bertran, I., Santacruz, P., Lopez, R., Catafau, A., Lomena, F., Blesa, R., Rampello, L., Nicoletti, A., Cabaret, M., Lesoin, F., Steinling, M., Tournev, I., Maier-Hauff, K., Schroeder, M., Wolf, A., Cochin, J. P., Noel, I., Augustin, P., Auzou, P., Hannequin, D., Maria, V., Lopez-Bresnahan, Danielle, D. M., Antin-Ozerkis B. A., Bartels, E., Rodiek, S. O., Flugel, K. A., Campos, D. M., Salas-Puig, J., Del Rio, J. Sanhez, Vidal, J. A., Lahoz, C. H., Eraksoy, M., Barlas, O., Barlas, M., Bayindir, C., Ozcan, H., Birbamer, G., Gerstenbrand, F., Felber, S., Luz, G., Aichner, F., Seidel, G., Kaps, M., Hutzelmann, A., Gerriets, T., Kruggel, F., Martin, P. J., Gaunt, M. E., Abbot, R. J., Naylor, A. R., Meary, E., Dilouya, A., Meder, J. F., De Recondo, J., Lebtahi, R., Neff, K. W., Meairs, S., Viola, S., Matta, E., Aquilone, L., Rise, I. R., Authier, F. J., Kondo, H., Ghnassia, R. T., Degos, J. D., Gherardi, R. K., Bardoni A., Ciafaloni E., Comi G. P., Bresolin N., Robotti M., Moggio M., Rigoletto C., Roses A., Scarlato G., Castelli, E., Turconi, A., Bresolin, N., Perani, D., Felisari, G., Chariot, P., de Pinieux, G., Astier, A., Jacotot, B., Gherardi, R., Fischer-Gagnepain, V., Louboutin, J. P., Crespo, F., Florea-Strat, A., Fromont, G., Sabourin, J. -C., Gonano, E. -F., Moroni, I., Prelle, A., Iannaccone, S., Quattrini, A., deRino, F., Sessa, M., Golzi, V., Smirne, S., Nemni, R., Turpin, J. C., Lucotte, G., Jacobs, S. C. J. M., Willems, P. W. A., Bootsma, A. L., Lasa, A., Calaf, M., Baiget, M., Gallano, B., Fichter-Gagnepain, V., Mazzucchelli, F., D'Angelo, M. G., Velicogna, M., Bet, L., Comi, G. P., Bordoni, A., Gonano, E. F., Bazzi, P., Rapuzzi, S., Moggio, M., Fagiolari, G., Ciscato, P., Messina, A., Battistel, A., Ryniewicz, B., Sangla, I., Desnuelle, C., Paquis, V., Cozzone, P. J., Bendahan, D., Sturenburg, H. J., Kohncke, G., Castellli, E., Linssen, W., Stegeman, D., Binkhorst, R., Notermans, S., Jaspert, A., Fahsold, R., de Munain, A. Lopez, Cobo, A., Martorell, L., Poza, J. J., Navarrete Palau, D., Emparanza, J. I., Sanchez-Roy, R., Vilchez, J. J., Hernandez, M., Tena, J. Garcia, Perla, C., Koutroumanidis, M., Papathanasopoulos, P., Papadimitriou, A., Papapetropoulos, T. H., Divari, R., Hadjigeorgiou, G. M., Anastasopoulos, I., Sansone, V., Rotondo, G., Meola, G., Rigoletto, C., Messina, S., Szwabowska-Orzeszko, E., Jozwiak, S., Michalowicz, R., Szaplyko, W., Petrella, M. A., Della Marca, G., Masullo, G., Mennuni, G. F., Kompf, D., Wascher, E., Verleger, R., Kaido, M., Soga, F., Toyooka, H., Bayon, C., Rubio, J., Carlomagno, S., Parlato, V., Santoro, A., Lavarone, A., Bonavita, V., Pentore, R., Venneri, A., Pasquier, F., Lebert, F., Grymonprez, L., Lefebvre, C., Van der Linden, M., Derouesné, C., Renault, B., Lacomblez, L., Homeyer, P., Ouss, L., Neuman, E., Malbezin, M., Barrandon, S., Guez, D., Stevens, M., van Swieten, J. C., Franke, C. L., Sanchez, A., Castellvirel, S., Mila, M., Jimenez, D., Pallesta, F., Ruiz, P. J. Garcia, Barrio, A., Barroso, T., Benitez, J., de Yebenes, J. Garcia, Manubens, J. M., Martinez-Lage, J. M., Larumbe, R., Muruzabal, J., Lacruz, F., Quesada, Pedro, Gallego, J., Ferini-Strambi, L., Marcone, A., Garancini, P., Tedesi, B., Jacob, B., Rozewicz, L., Langdon, D., Davie, C., Ron, M., Thompson, A., Koepp, M. J., Hansen, M. L., Guldin, B., Pressler, R. M., Ried, S., Scholz, C., Monaco, F., Gianelli, M., Schiavalla, M. P., Naldi, P., Cantello, R., Torta, R., Verze, L., Mutani, R., Knott, H., Ferbert, A., Schulze-Bonhage, A., Aust, W., Di Mascio, R., Marchioli, R., Vitullo, F., Di Pasquale, A., Sciulli, L., Kramer, V., Tognoni, G., Santacruz, P., Lopez, R., Marti, M. J., Charques, I., Catafau, A., Lomeila, F., Peila, J., Bertran, I., Blesa, R., Krendel, D. A., Costiga, D. A., Koeppen, S., Korn, W. M., Brugge, S., Schmitz, D., Scheulen, M. E., King, R. H. M., Robertson, A. M., Thomas, P. K., Kerkhofs, A., Vermersch, P., Dereeper, O., Daems Monpeun, C., Parent, M., Deplanque, D., Petit, H., Campero, M., Serra, J., Ochoa, J. L., Martinez-Matos, J. A., Montero, J., Olivé, M., Rene, R., Vidaller, A., Gugenheim, M., Gouider, R., Le Guern, E., Brice, A., Agid, Y., Bouche, P., Grisold, W., Ziflo, U., Drlicek, M., Budka, H., Jellinger, K., Zielinski, C. H., Ginsberg, L., King, R. H. M., Workman, J., Platts, A. D., Thomas, P. K., Gherardi, R. K., Florea-Strat, A., Poron, F., Sabourin, J. -C., Fazio, R., Nemni, R., Franceschi, M., Lorenzetti, I., Rinaldi, L., Canal, N., Weilbach, F. X., Sennlaub, A., Jung, S., Gold, R., Toyka, K. V., Hartung, H. P., Giegerich, G., Ellie, E., Vital, A., Steck, A. J., Vital, C., Julien, J., Doneda, P., Pizzul, S., Scarpini, E., Chiodi, P., Ramacci, M. T., Livraghi, S., Maimone, D., Annunziata, P., Salvadori, C., Guazzi, G. C., Arne-Bes, M. C., Delisle, M. B., Fabre, N., Hurtevent, J. F., Bes, A., Baudoin-Martin, D., Laborde, E., Viallet, F., Creisson, C., Crespi, V., Bogliun, G., Marzorati, L., Zincone, A., D'Angelo, L., Liberani, A., Merlini, M., Rivolta, R., Creange, A., Sabourin, J. -C., Theodorou, I., Gherardi, R. K., Conti, A. M., Malosio, M. L., Baron, P. L., Scarlato, G., Chorao, R., Rosas, M. J., Leite, I., Callea, L., Donati, E., Bargnani, C., Bud, M., Verdu, E., Navarro, X., Braun, S., Einius, S., Poindron, P., Warier, J. M., Bradley, J., Bekkelund, S. I., Torbergsen, T., Mellgren, S. I., Carlomagno, S., Parlato, V., Santoro, A., Lavarone, A., Boller, F., Bonavita, V., Engelhardt, A., Lörler, H., Robeck, S., Kluglein, C., Comi, G., Avoledo, V., Locatelli, T., Leocani, L., Galardi, G., Magnani, G., Medaglini, S., Chkhikvishvili, T. S., Zangaladze, A., Bratoeva, M., Kovachev, P., Chavdarov, D., Artemis, N., Karacostas, D., Milonas, I., Arpa, J., Lopez-Pajares, R., Cruz-Matinez, A., Sarria, J., Palomo, F., Alonso, M., Rodriguez-Al-barino, A., Lacasa, T., Nos, J., Barreiro, P., Martinez, A. Cruz, Villoslada, C., Alons, M., Taghavy, A., Hamer, H., Kratzer, A., Dethy, S., Pauwels, T., Monclus, M., Luxen, A., Goldman, S., Ziegler, M., Crambes, O., Ragueneau, I., Arnaud, F., Zappia, M., Montesanti, R., Colao, R., Palmieri, A., Branca, D., Nicoletti, G., Rizzo, M., Parlato, G., Quattrone, A., Vanacore, N., Zuchegna, P., Bonifati, V., Meco, G., Scholz, J., Friedrich, H. -J., Rohl, A., Ulm, G., Vieregge, P., Savettieri, G., Rocca, W. A., Meneghini, F., Grigoletto, F., Morgante, L., Reggio, A., Salemi, G., Di Pierri, R., OzckmekÇi, S., Ertan, S., Yeni, N., Apaydin, H., Erkol, G., Kiziltan, G., Denktas, F., Ranoux, D., de Recondo, J., Ostergaard, L., Werdelin, L., Odin, P., Lindvall, O., Dupont, E., Christensen, P. B., Boisen, E., Jensen, N. B., Schmiegelow, M., Ingwersen, S. H., Matias-Guiu, J., Canet, T., Falip, R., Martin, R., Galiano, L., Voloshin, M. Y., Burchinskaya, L. F., Cabrera-Valdivia, F., Jimenez-Jimenez, F. J., Molina, J. A., Fernandez-Calle, P., Vazquez, A., Canizares-Liebana, F., Larumbe-Lobalde, S., Ayuso-Peralta, L., Rabasa, M., Codoceo, R., Arrieta, F. J., Aguilar, M. V., Jorge-Santamaria, A., Martinez-Para, M. C., Alarcon, J., Mateo, D., Gimenez-Roldan, S., Gencheva, E., Tzonev, T. z., Georgiev, G., Petkova, P., Gasparini, M., Vanacore, N., Meco, N. G., de la Sierra, G., Aguado, F., Revilla, M., Varela, L., Rico, H., Feve, A., N'Guyen, J. P., Bathien, N., Fenelon, G., Veroust, J., Cesaro, P., Egersbach, G., Hattig, H., Schelosky, L., Wissel, J., Poewe, W., Durif, F., Albuisson, E., Debilly, B., Tournilhac, M., Magnani, C., Mocellini, C., Soffietti, R., Schiffer, D., Cardozo, A., Cruz-Sanchez, F. F., Falip, L., Potagas, G., Ziegler, M., Rondot, P., Bonifati, V., Fabrizio, E., Meco, G., Bostantjopoulou, S., Katsarou, Z., Kyriazis, G., Baas, H., Demisch, L., Esser, A., Zoeller, F., Burklin, F., Harder, S., Fischer, P. A., Arcusa, M. J., Hermandez, S., Claramonte, F. J., Pascual, A. Pascual- Leone, Alonso, M. D., Catata, M. D., Alessandri, A., Giustini, P., Dufour, A., Ciusani, E., Nespolo, A., Roelcke U., Radu E. W., von Ammon K., Maguire R. P., Leenders K. L., Radionova, M., Chavdarov, D., Bratoeva, M., Tzekov, Ch., Pietrangeli, A., Bove, L., Pace, A., Falqui, L., Jandolo, B., Potemkowski, A., Muller B., Reinhard I., Krone A., Warmuth M., Brocker E. M., Krauseneck P., Meyding-Lamadé, U., Krieger, D., Sartor, K., Hacke, W., Maugard-Louboutin, C., Fayet, G., Sagan, C., Martin, S., Ménégalli, D., Lajat, Y., Resche, F., Koriech, O. M., Al Moutaery, K., Yaqub, B., Jochens, R., Wolters, A., Venz, S., Cordes, M., Hecht, B. K., Chatel, M., Gaudray, P., Turc-Carel, C., Gioanni, J., Ayraud, N., Hecht, F., Rumbach, L., Racadot, E., Bataillard, M., Billot, M., Pariset, J., Wijdenes, J., Montalban, Rio J., Tintoré, M., Galan, I., Acarin, N., Rapaport, S., Huberman, M., Shechtcr, D., Karabudak, R., Kilinc, M., Boyacigil, S., Cila, A., Polo, J. M., Setien, S., Sanchez, R., Figols, J., Zubimendi, A., Nadareishvili, Z. G., Massot, R., Marés, R., Gallecho, F., Richart, C., Hernandez, M. A., Garcia, M. R., Lorenzo, J. N., Leon, C., Muros, M., Togores, J., Kutluk, K., Damlacik, G. A., Tekinsoy, B., Obuz, O., Baklan, B., Idiman, E., Genc, K., Zielasek, J., Schmidt, B., Liew, F. Y., Gulay, Z., Yulug, N., Wong, K. S., Wong, T. W., Yu, T. S., Kay, R., Poupon, R., Giral, P., Roberti, C., Zanette, E. M., Chiarotti, F., Brusa, L., Cerbo, R., Prusinski, A., Pondal, M., Canton, R., Dominigo, Erodriguez J., Pereira Monteino J. M., Pereira Monteino X., Pardo, J., Carroacedo, A., Barros, F., Lema, M., Castillo, J., Melchor, A., Montiel, I., Guiu, J. Matias, Kloss, T. M., Keidel, M., Jacob, M., Idiman, F., Idman, E., Ozturk, V., Metin, E., Yilmaz, M., Gerard, J. M., Bouton, R., Decamps, D., Herbaut, A. G., Delecluse, F., Cavenaile, M., Divano, L., Chazot, G., Boureau, F., Emile, J., Bertin, L., d'Allens, H., Ferro, J. M., Costa, I., Carletto, F., Catarci, T., Padovani, A., Iandolo, B., Bartoli, M., Bonamini, M., Pulcinelli, F., Pignatelli, P., Russo, M., Gazzaniga, P. P., Barros, J., Pinheiro, J., Correia, A. P., Monteiro, J. M. Pereira, Alvarez-Cermeno, J. C., Avello, G., Sastre, J. L., Vecino, A., Cesar, J. M., Leone, M., Stankov, B., D'Amico, D., Maltempo, C., Moschian, F., Fraschini, F., Bussone, G., Molto, J. 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A., Grazzi, L., Ediboglu, N., Bilgin, H., Ertas, S., Goument, J. -P., Basset, C., Campos, Y., Garcia-Silva, T., Cabello, A., Bussaglia, E., Tizzano, E., Colomer, J., Gimbergues, P., Campagne, D., Bommelaer, C., Delaguillaume, B., Ramtami, H., Ait-Kaci-Ahmed, M., Pascual L. F., Fernandez T., Hortells M., Sanz C., Morales F., Lauritzen, L., Picard, F., Sellal, F., Collard, M., Avramidis, T., Alexiou, E., Anastopoulos, T., Frongillo, D., Delfino, F. A., Cannata, M., Calo, L., Vichi, R., Antonini, G., Fragola, V., Cannata, D., Salas, M., Ruiz, C., Angelard, B., Lacau, J., Guily, St., Sendtner, M., Goadsby, Peter J., Quin, N. P., Gadian, D. G., Roland, P. E., Seitz, Rudiger J., Frackowiak, Richard S. J., Becker, G., Krone, A., Schmidt, K., Hofmann, E., Bogdahn, U., Rosenfeld, M. R., Meneses, P., Kaplitt, M. G., Dalmau, J., Posner, J., Cordon-Cardon, C., Hoang-Xuan, K., Vega, F., Nishisho, I., Moisan, J. P., Theillet, C., Delattre, O., Zhu, Jiahong, Walther, W., Posner, J. B., Roelcke, U., von Ammon, K., Pellikka, R., Lucking, C. H., Walon, C., Boucquey, D., -Van Rijckevorsel, K. Harmant, Lannoy, N., Verellen-Dunoulin, Ch., Liszka, U., Cavaletti, G., Casati, B., Kolig, C., Bogliun, G., Marzorati, L., Johannsen, L., Chio, A., Ruda, R., Vigliani, M. C., Sciolla, R., Seliak, D., Hoang-Xuang, K., Villanueva, J. A., Montalban, X., Arboix, A., Colosimo, C., Albanese, A., Hughes, A. J., de Bruin, V., Lees, A. J., Kowalski, J. W., Banfi, S., Santoro, L., Perretti, A., Castaldo, I., Barbieri, F., Campanella, G., Bhatia, K. P., Mardsen, C. D., de Bruin, V. S., Machedo, C., Ceballos-Baumann, D., Marsden, C. D., Brooks, D. B. J., Wennlng, G. K., Quinn, N., McDonald, W. l., Warner, T. T., Bain, P. C., Davis, M. B., Conway, D., Shaunak, S., O'Sullivan, E., Crawford, T., Lawden, M., Blunt, S., Rapoport, A., Sarova-Pinchas, I., de Beyl, D. Zegers, Mavroudakis, N., Blanc, S., Godinot, C., Lenoir, G., Barkhof, M. S. F., Tas, M. W., Baron, P. L., Constantin, C., Cassatella, M. A., Langdon, D. W., Webb, S., Gasparini, P., Zeviani, A., Kidd, D., Mammi, S., Cahalon, L., Hershkoviz, R., Lahat, N., Wallach, D., Annunziata, P., Martino, T., Maimone, D., Guazzi, G. C., Porrini, A. M., Dell'Arciprete, L., Rothwell, P. M., Stewart, R. R. C., Cull, R. E., Willmes, K., Poeck, K., Russell, D., Braekken, S. K., Brucher, R., Svennevig, J., Hermesl, M., Bruckmann, H., Biraben, A., Sliwka, U., Meyer, B., Schondube, F., Noth, J., Lavenu, I., Lammers, C., Waldecker, B., Haberbosch, W., Stam, J., Schneider, R., Gautier, J. C., Berlit, T. P., Fauser, B., Kuhne, D., Geraud, G., Danielli, A., Larrue, V., Bes, A., Timmerman, E., Bono, F., Bruni, A. C., Valalentino, P., Montesi, M. P., Talerico, G., Zappia, M., Sabatelli, M., Quattrone, A., Pareyson, D., Lorenzetti, D., Sghirlanzoni, A., Castellotti, B., Lupski, J. R., Archidiacono, N., Antonacci, R., Marzella, R., Rocchi, M., Samuel, D., Goulon-Goeau, C., Costa, P. P., Bismuth, H., Said, G., De Jongh P., Lofgren A., Timmerman V., Vance J. M., Van Broeckhoven C., Martin J. -J., Martinez, A. Cruz, Bort, S., Arpa, J., Misra, P., King, R. H. M., Badhia, K., Anderson, M., Caballo, A., Vichez, J., Gabriel, J. M., Erne, B., Miescher, G. C., Ulrich, J., Vital, A., Vital, C., Steck, A., Petry, K., Labatut, I., Hilmi, S., Ellie, E., Ferrini-Strambi, L., Zucconl, M., Marchettini, P., Palazzi, S., Oehlschlager, M., Pepinsky, R. B., Gemignani, F., Marbini, A., Pavesi, G., Di Vittorio, S., Manganelli, P., Mancia, D., Vermersh, P., Roche, J., Durocher, A. M., Dewailly, Ph., Dettmers, C., Fink, G., Lemon, R., Stephan, K., Passingham, D., Weder, B., Knorr, U., Huang, Y., Butterfield, D. A., Peris, M. L., Peiro, C., Pascual, A. Pascual-Leone, Bottini, G., Folnegovic-Smalc, V., Knezevic, S., Bokonjic, R., Ersmark, B., Torres, M. Gonzalez, Guiraud-Chaumeil, B., Haugaard, K., Jovicic, A., Chr, Lang, Levic, Z., Parra, C. Martinez, Ochoa, J. Patrignani, Titlbach, O., Wikkelso, C., Caparros-Lefevre, D., Debachy, B., Verier, A., Cantinho, G., Santos, A. I., Godinho, F., Bagunya, J., Roig, T., Ensenyat, A., Santiag, O., Trabucchi, H., De Leo, D., Koch, Ch., Zeumer, H., Matkovic, Z., Morris, P., Donaghy, M., Köhler, W., Kammer, T., Röther, J., Navon, R., Fontaine, B., Wu, Y., Capdevila, A., Guardiola, M. J., van Dijk, G. W., Notermans, N. C., Kruize, A. A., Kater, L., Bertelt, C., Hesse, S., Friedrich, H., Mauritz, K. -H., Giron, L. T., Watanabe, I. S., Ewing, D., Koepp, M., Lempert, T., Sander, B., Kauerz, U., Mehdorn, H. M., Hezel, J., Eickhoff, W., Kryst, T., Timsit, S., Gardeur, D., Reis, Mitermayer Galvao dos, Secor, E., Filho, A. Andrade, Silva, M. Cardoso, Santos, S. R. Silveira, Vasilaski, G., Reis, E. A. dos, Velupillai, P., Harn, D. A., Tigera, J. Garcia, Dreke, R. Martinez, Crespo, R. Piedra, Besses, C., Acin, P., Massons, J., Florensa, L., Oliveres, M., Sans-Sabrafen, J., Wicklein, E. M., Pleiffer, G., Kunre, K., Dieterich, M., Brandt, Th., Guarino, M., Stracciari, A., Pazzaglia, P., D'Alessandro, R., Santilli, I., Donato, M., The European Velnacrine Study Group, The Dutch Guillain-Barré study group, The COP-1 Multicenter Clinical and Research Group Study, and European Study Group
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- 1994
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19. Problems in non-convulsive status epilepticus: FW5–2
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Meierkord, H.
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- 2005
20. Tiagabin und nonkonvulsiver Status epilepticus
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Holtkamp, H., Pfeiffer, M., Buchheim, K., and Meierkord, H.
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- 1999
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21. Analysis of stimuli triggering attacks of paroxysmal dystonia induced by exertion
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Meyer, B-U, Irlbacher, K, and Meierkord, H
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- 2001
22. Optical imaging reveals reduced seizure spread and propagation velocities in aged rat brain in vitro
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Holtkamp, M, Buchheim, K, Siegmund, H, and Meierkord, H
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- 2003
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23. The clinical features and prognosis of pseudoseizures diagnosed using video-EEG telemetry
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Meierkord, H., Will, B., Fish, D., and Shorvon, S.
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Electroencephalography -- Usage ,Seizures (Medicine) -- Care and treatment ,Somatoform disorders -- Prognosis ,Hysteria (Mental disorder) -- Prognosis ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
'Hysteria' consists of symptoms that, at first glance, appear to indicate physical disease, but upon further examination are found to result from psychological disturbances. The diagnostic distinction between hysteria and actual organic disorders is not always easy, however. One study found that some patients diagnosed with hysteria progress to actual organic disease, indicating that the diagnosis of hysteria is imprecise and can be problematic. The diagnosis of pseudoseizures is similarly difficult. Patients with pseudoseizures appear to have epilepsy, but investigation with electroencephalography (EEG) fails to find the brain wave patterns that characterize epilepsy. In recent years, neurologists have combined EEG with video recording for more effective diagnosis; by comparing the EEG recording to the video record of behavior during the seizure it is easier to distinguish actual epilepsy from pseudoseizures. A study was conducted to follow the cases of 110 patients with seizures that were diagnosed as hysterical using EEG-video procedures. In roughly one-third of the cases, the seizures consisted of collapse; the other two-thirds were characterized by seizure-like movements which, in some cases, resulted in injury. The majority (78 percent) of the patients were women, which is consistent with previous studies of hysterical patients. However, follow-up revealed that female patients were also more likely to be seizure-free after an average of three years. Forty percent of the patients, 26 women and 2 men, were free of seizures at follow-up. Thirteen of the patients with persistent seizures were diagnosed with epileptic seizures in addition to their pseudoseizures. The patients who became free of seizures were also more likely to be receiving formal psychological treatment. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1991
24. Structural consequences of status epilepticus demonstrated with serial magnetic resonance imaging
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Meierkord, H., Wieshmann, U., Niehaus, L., and Lehmann, R.
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- 1997
25. Decreased N-acetyl-aspartate/choline ratio and increased lactate in the frontal lobe of patients with Huntington's disease: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
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Harms, L., Meierkord, H., Timm, G., Pfeiffer, L., and Ludolph, A. C.
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- 1997
26. Parietal proprioceptive loss with pseudoathetosis
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Salih, F., Zimmer, C., and Meierkord, H.
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- 2007
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27. Gabapentin–induced severe myoclonus in a patient with impaired renal function
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Holtkamp, M., Halle, A., Meierkord, H., and Masuhr, F.
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- 2006
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28. Anticonvulsant actions of furosemide in vitro
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Gutschmidt, K.U, Stenkamp, K, Buchheim, K, Heinemann, U, and Meierkord, H
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- 1999
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29. The Wada-Test in 2000–2005at German, Swiss and Austrian and Dutch Epilepsy-Centres – the experience of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für prächirurgische Epilepsiediagnostik und operative Epilepsietherapie e.V regarding 1421 procedures
- Author
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Haag, A, Knake, S, Hamer, HM, Boesebeck, F, Freitag, H, Schulz, R, Baum, P, Helmstaedter, C, Wellmer, J, Urbach, H, Hopp, P, Mayer, T, Hufnagel, A, Jokeit, H, Lerche, H, Uttner, I, Meencke, HJ, Meierkord, H, Pauli, E, Runge, U, Saar, J, Trinka, E, Benke, T, Vulliemoz, S, Wiegand, G, Stephani, U, Wieser, HG, Rating, D, Werhahn, K, Noachtar, S, Schulze-Bonhage, A, Wagner, K, Alpherts, W, van Emde Boas, W, and Rosenow, F
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- 2024
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30. Eine maligne Form des Status epilepticus
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Holtkamp, M, Othman, J, Buchheim, K, Schielke, E, and Meierkord, H
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- 2024
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31. Diagnostische Merkmale des Status pseudoepilepticus im Notfall-Setting
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Holtkamp, M., Othman, J., Buchheim, K., and Meierkord, H.
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- 2024
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32. Placebo effect characteristics observed in a single, international, longitudinal study in Huntington's disease
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Cubo, E, González, M, del Puerto, I, de Yébenes, Jg, Arconada, Of, Gabriel Galán, Jm, Ehdi, Sg, Zangerl, A, Seppi, K, Wenning, G, Poewe, W, Foeldy, D, Auff, E, Schober, T, Wenzel, K, Ott, E, Walli, J, Leblhuber, F, Dürr, A, Bloch, F, Messouak, O, Tallaksen, C, Dubois, B, Guillamo, Js, Bachoud Lévi, Ac, Engles, A, Krystkowiak, P, Destée, A, Memin, A, Thibaut Tanchou, S, Pasquier, F, Azulay, Jp, Demonet, Jf, Galitzky, M, Rascol, O, Mollion, H, Broussolle, E, Madigand, M, Lallement, F, Goizet, C, Tison, F, Arguillère, S, Viallet, F, Bakchine, S, Khoris, J, Pages, M, Camu, W, Resch, F, Hannequin, D, Durif, F, Saudeau, D, Autret, A, Andrich, J, Saft, C, Kraus, Ph, Przuntek, H, Ecker, D, Kramer, B, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Ludolph, Ac, Priller, J, Meierkord, H, Kuznik, D, Dose, M, Squitieri, F, Albanese, A, Abbruzzese, Giovanni, Filla, A, van de Warrenburg, B, de Jong, D, Kremer, H, van Vugt, J, Grimbergen, Y, Roos, R, Gawel, M, Janik, P, Kowalczys, H, Pilczuk, B, Kwiecinski, H, Świat, M, Ochudło, S, Modestowicz, R, Niezgoda, A, Łukasik, M, Lukasik, M, García Ruiz, P, Descals, Am, Rojo, A, Fontán, A, Hernández, J, Cantarero, S, Fanjul, S, Alegre, J, Roldán, Sg, Mateo, D, Burguera, Ja, Solis, P, Calopa, M, Jaumà, S, Bas, J, Tolosa, E, Muñoz, Je, Gámez, J, Cervera, C, Zarranz, Jj, Lezcano, E, Gómez, Jc, Chacón, J, Dinca, L, Gamero, Ma, Redondo, L, Castro, A, Sesar, A, López del Val, J, López, E, Ríos, C, Castillio, V, Burgunder, Jm, Nirkko, A, Kälin, A, Vingerhoets, F, and Wider, C.
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- 2012
33. Weight loss in Huntington disease increases with higher CAG repeat number
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Aziz, Na, van der Burg, Jm, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Brundin, P, Stijnen, T, Ehdi, Sg, Roos, Ra, Zangerl, A, Seppi, K, Wenning, G, Poewe, W, Foeldy, D, Auff, E, Schober, T, Wenzel, K, Ott, E, Walli, J, Leblhuber, F, Dürr, A, Bloch, F, Messouak, O, Tallaksen, C, Dubois, B, Guillamo, Js, Bachoud Lévi, Ac, Engles, A, Krystkowiak, P, Destée, A, Memin, A, Thibaut Tanchou, S, Pasquier, F, Azulay, Jp, Demonet, Jf, Galitzky, M, Rascol, O, Mollion, H, Broussolle, E, Madigand, M, Lallement, F, Goizet, C, Tison, F, Arguillère, S, Viallet, F, Bakchine, S, Khoris, J, Pages, M, Camu, W, Resch, F, Hannequin, D, Durif, F, Saudeau, D, Autret, A, Andrich, J, Saft, C, Kraus, Ph, Przuntek, H, Ecker, D, Kramer, B, Ludolph, Ac, Priller, J, Meierkord, H, Kuznik, D, Dose, M, Squitieri, F, Albanese, A, Abbruzzese, Giovanni, Filla, A, van de Warrenburg, B, de Jong, D, Kremer, H, van Vugt, J, Grimbergen, Y, Roos, R, Gawel, M, Janik, P, Kowalczys, H, Pilczuk, B, Kwiecinski, H, Swiat, M, Ochudło, S, Modestowicz, R, Niezgoda, A, Łukasik, M, Garcia de Yébenes, J, García Ruiz, P, Martínez Descals, A, Rojo, A, Fontán, A, Hernández, J, Cantarero, S, Fanjul, S, Alegre, J, Giménez Roldán, S, Mateo, D, Burguera, Ja, Solis, P, Calopa, M, Jaumà, S, Bas, J, Tolosa, E, Muñoz, Je, Gámez, J, Cervera, C, Zarranz, Jj, Lezcano, E, Gómez, Jc, Chacón, J, Dinca, L, Gamero, Ma, Redondo, L, Castro, A, Sesar, A, López del Val, J, López, E, Ríos, C, Castillio, V, Burgunder, Jm, Nirkko, A, Kälin, A, Vingerhoets, F, Wider, C., N. A., Aziz, J. M., M, G. B., Landwehrmeyer, P., Brundin, T., Stijnen, E. H. D., R. A. C., and Filla, Alessandro
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,therapeutic use, Nuclear Protein ,Neurology ,Disease ,Body Mass Index ,Placebos ,Mice ,Degenerative disease ,Trinucleotide Repeats ,Weight loss ,genetics ,Huntingtin Protein ,Riluzole ,Nuclear Proteins ,Middle Aged ,Huntington Disease ,Neuroprotective Agents ,Inbred C57BL, Mice ,genetics/metabolism, Placebos, Riluzole ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Adult ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mice, Transgenic ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Animal, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Huntington Disease ,Central nervous system disease ,therapeutic use, Trinucleotide Repeats, Weight Lo ,Internal medicine ,Weight Loss ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Hereditary Neurodegenerative Disorder ,Transgenic, Middle Aged, Nerve Tissue Protein ,Aged ,drug therapy/genetics/physiopathology, Male, Mice, Mice ,Body Weight ,medicine.disease ,Adult, Aged, Animals, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Disease Model ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Endocrinology ,genetics/metabolism, Neuroprotective Agent ,Neurology (clinical) ,Energy Intake ,Body mass index - Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded number of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene. A hallmark of HD is unintended weight loss, the cause of which is unknown. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of weight loss in HD, we studied its relation to other disease characteristics including motor, cognitive, and behavioral disturbances and CAG repeat number.In 517 patients with early stage HD, we applied mixed-effects model analyses to correlate weight changes over 3 years to CAG repeat number and various components of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). We also assessed the relation between CAG repeat number and body weight and caloric intake in the R6/2 mouse model of HD.In patients with HD, mean body mass index decreased with -0.15 units per year (p < 0.001). However, no single UHDRS component, including motor, cognitive, and behavioral scores, was independently associated with the rate of weight loss. Patients with HD with a higher CAG repeat number had a faster rate of weight loss. Similarly, R6/2 mice with a larger CAG repeat length had a lower body weight, whereas caloric intake increased with larger CAG repeat length.Weight loss in Huntington disease (HD) is directly linked to CAG repeat length and is likely to result from a hypermetabolic state. Other signs and symptoms of HD are unlikely to contribute to weight loss in early disease stages. Elucidation of the responsible mechanisms could lead to effective energy-based therapeutics.
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- 2008
34. New Physiological and Radiological Investigations in the Presurgical Evaluation of Epilepsy
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Salek-Haddadi, A., primary, Merlet, I., additional, Mauguire, F., additional, Meierkord, H., additional, Buchheim, K., additional, Fish, D. R., additional, Koepp, M. J., additional, and So, E. L., additional
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35. Other Drugs More Rarely Used in the Treatment of Epilepsy
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Meierkord, H., primary
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36. Status Epilepticus
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Meierkord, H., primary, Boon, P., additional, Engelsen, B., additional, Gcke, K., additional, Shorvon, S., additional, Tinuper, P., additional, and Holtkamp, M., additional
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37. Analysis of stimuli triggering attacks of paroxysmal dystonia induced by exertion
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Irlbacher K, Bernd-Ulrich Meyer, and Meierkord H
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physical Exertion ,Short Report ,Stimulation ,Electromyography ,Vibration ,Magnetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia ,Dystonia ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,medicine.disease ,Electric Stimulation ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Paroxysmal dystonia ,Surgery ,Silent period ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Motor cortex - Abstract
In a patient with a familial form of paroxysmal exertion induced dyskinesia (PED), the efficacy of different stimuli and manoeuvres in triggering dystonic attacks in the arm was studied. As a new approach, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex was used to trigger motor paroxysms and to monitor cortical excitability during attacks. Motor paroxysms could be provoked by muscle vibration, passive movements, TMS, magnetic stimulation of the brachial plexus, and electrical nerve stimulation. Sham stimulation over the motor cortex and thermal and tactile cutaneous stimuli were ineffective in triggering attacks. It is concluded that dystonic attacks are triggered by proprioceptive afferents rather than cutaneous stimuli or the descending motor command itself. Outside the attacks, motor cortical excitatory and inhibitory neuronal mechanisms as assessed by TMS (response threshold and amplitudes, duration of the contralateral and ipsilateral silent period, corticocortical inhibition, and facilitation) were normal, which underlines the paroxysmal character of the disorder.
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- 2001
38. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus
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UCL, Meierkord, H., Boon, P., Engelsen, B., Goecke, K., Shorvon, S., Tinuper, P., Holtkamp, M., UCL, Meierkord, H., Boon, P., Engelsen, B., Goecke, K., Shorvon, S., Tinuper, P., and Holtkamp, M.
- Abstract
The objective of the current paper was to review the literature and discuss the degree of evidence for various treatment strategies for status epilepticus (SE) in adults. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for relevant literature from 1966 to January 2005. Furthermore, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was sought. Recommendations are based on this literature and on our judgement of the relevance of the references to the subject. Recommendations were reached by informative consensus approach. Where there was a lack of evidence but consensus was clear we have stated our opinion as good practice points. The preferred treatment pathway for generalised convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is intravenous (i.v.) administration of 4 mg of lorazepam or 10 mg of diazepam directly followed by 15-18 mg/kg of phenytoin or equivalent fosphenytoin. If seizures continue for more than 10 min after first injection another 4 mg of lorazepam or 10 mg of diazepam is recommended. Refractory GCSE is treated by anaesthetic doses of midazolam, propofol or barbiturates; the anaesthetics are titrated against an electroencephalogram burst suppression pattern for at least 24 h. The initial therapy of non-convulsive SE depends on the type and the cause. In most cases of absence SE, a small i.v. dose of lorazepam or diazepam will terminate the attack. Complex partial SE is initially treated such as GCSE, however, when refractory further non-anaesthetising substances should be given instead of anaesthetics. In subtle SE i.v. anaesthesia is required.
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- 2006
39. Analyse epileptischer Aktivität anhand intrinsischer optischer Signale und elektrophysiologischer Methoden in vitro nach Status epilepticus in vivo
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Meierkord, H., Riepe, M. W., Köhling, R., Elsner, Mark Michael, Meierkord, H., Riepe, M. W., Köhling, R., and Elsner, Mark Michael
- Abstract
Eine wichtige Folge des Status epilepticus ist die Entwicklung einer chronischen Epilepsie. Die genauen Mechanismen und die Kinetik der Epileptogenese sind weitestgehend unklar. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war ein besseres Verständnis des Prozesses durch die In-vitro-Analyse von Lokalisation und Kinetik funktioneller Folgen des Status epilepticus in vivo. In kombinierten Hippokampus-entorhinaler Kortex Hirnschnittpräparaten von Wistar-Ratten nach elektrisch induziertem selbsterhaltendem Status epilepticus (self-sustaining status epilepticus, SSSE) wurden im Niedrig-Magnesium-Modell anfallsartige Ereignisse (AE) ausgelöst und untersucht. Die In-vitro-Analyse der AE wurde eine, vier und acht Wochen nach SSSE durchgeführt. Um das räumliche Verhalten der epileptischen Aktivität beurteilen zu können, wurde die Messung des extrazellulären Feldpotenzials mit der Analyse intrinsischer optischer Signale kombiniert. Im Verlauf nach SSSE kam es zu einer Latenzverkürzung bis zum Auftreten epileptischer Aktivität und zu einer Zunahme der AE-Frequenz. Vier und acht Wochen nach SSSE stieg der Anteil der AE mit großflächigem Ursprung signifikant an. Im Verlauf nach SSSE wurden außerdem zunehmend diskontinuierliche Ausbreitungsmuster der Anfallsaktivität beobachtet. Acht Wochen nach SSSE zeigten 50% der Präparate zudem eine zeitlich und räumlich von den AE unabhängige, hochfrequente Aktivität im Gyrus dentatus. Zusammenfassend wurden eine Latenzverkürzung und eine Zunahme der AE-Frequenz als Hinweise für eine gesteigerte Exzitabilität des Hirngewebes nach SSSE gesehen. Neben dem großflächigen Ursprung deutet auch die Zunahme diskontinuierlicher Ausbreitungsmuster auf eine gesteigerte Synchronizität des neuronalen Netzwerkes nach SSSE hin. Die autonome Aktivität im Gyrus dentatus spricht dafür, dass die in vorangegangenen Studien beschriebenen strukturellen Änderungen in dieser Region mit einer veränderten Funktionalität einhergehen., The development of chronic epilepsy is a serious consequence of Status epilepticus. Little is known about the mechanisms and kinetic of the epileptogenic process. The aim of this md-thesis was the analysis of localisation and kinetic of functional deficits in vitro after Status epilepticus in vivo. Using the Low-Magnesium-Model, seizure-like events (SLE) were induced in combined hippocampal-entorhinal cortex slices of wistar rats after electrically induced self-sustaining Status epilepticus (SSSE). One, four and eight weeks after SSSE the in-vitro-analysis of SLE was performed. In order to determine onset and spread-pattern of epileptic activity, the measurement of the extracellular field-potential was combined with the imaging of intrinsic optical signals (IOS). In the time course after SSSE there was a reduction of the latency to onset of seizure activity and an increase of the SLE-frequency. Four and eight weeks after SSSE a significant increase of SLE with regional onset was found. In Addition, there was an increase of non-contiguous propagation of seizure activity. Eight weeks after SSSE 50% of the brain-slices showed autonomous high-frequent activity in the dentate gyrus. In conclusion a reduction of the latency to onset of seizure activity and an increase of the SLE-frequency were found. These changes are indicators of increased excitability after SSSE. Other than the regional onset, the non-contiguous spread-pattern also indicates increased synchronicity of the neuronal network after SSSE. The autonomous activity in the dentate Gyrus shows, that the previously described structural changes in this region lead to functional deficits.
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- 2004
40. Untersuchungen zur Epileptogenese nach experimentellem Status epilepticus in vivo
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Draguhn, A., Speckmann, E.-J., Meierkord, H., Matzen, Julia, Draguhn, A., Speckmann, E.-J., Meierkord, H., and Matzen, Julia
- Abstract
In der Folge eines Status epilepticus entwickelt sich häufig eine chronische Epilepsie. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde die Fragestellung bearbeitet, ob ein Inhibitionsverlust im Gyrus dentatus Grundlage der Epileptogenese nach Status epilepticus ist. Ein selbst-erhaltender Status epilepticus (SSSE) wurde an erwachsenen Ratten durch elektrische Stimulation ausgelöst. Das Auftreten spontaner epileptischer Anfälle wurde im Verlauf von acht Wochen nach Status epilepticus zu drei Zeitpunkten (1, 4 und 8 Wochen) mittels Videoüberwachung erfasst. Zu denselben Zeitpunkten und vor Status epilepticus wurden elektrophysiologische Messungen im Gyrus dentatus durchgeführt. Die Aktivität der Prinzipalzellen des Gyrus dentatus unterliegt unter physiologischen Bedingungen einer ausgeprägten inhibitorischen Kontrolle. Durch Analyse von Doppelreizantworten wurden Veränderungen der Inhibition in dieser für die Epileptogenese relevanten Hirnstruktur beurteilt. Im Verlauf von acht Wochen nach SSSE entwickelte sich bei einem Großteil der Versuchstiere eine chronische Epilepsie. Zum spätesten Beobachtungszeitpunkt traten rekurrente spontane epileptische Anfälle bei 80 Prozent der Tiere auf. Die Inhibition im Gyrus dentatus war eine Woche nach Status epilepticus signifikant reduziert. Vier und acht Wochen nach SSSE zeigte sich eine zunehmende Wiederannäherung an die vor dem Status epilepticus erhobenen Messwerte, so dass von einem transienten Inhibitionsverlust im Gyrus dentatus nach Status epilepticus gesprochen werden kann. Zusammenfassend konnte in der Dissertation gezeigt werden, dass sich in der Folge eines Status epilepticus bei der Mehrzahl der Tiere eine chronische Epilepsie entwickelt. Der Inhibitionsverlust im Gyrus dentatus war zu einem Zeitpunkt am größten, da noch keine spontanen epileptischen Anfälle auftraten. Als sich bei den meisten Tieren eine chronische Epilepsie entwickelt hatte, war die Inhibition komplett wiederhergestellt. Daher ist ein Inhibitionsverlust im, Development of chronic epilepsy as a consequence of status epilepticus is a frequent clinical observation. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that epileptogenesis after status epilepticus depends on a loss of inhibitory function in the dentate gyrus. A self-sustaining status epilepticus (SSSE) was induced in rats by continuous electrical stimulation of the perforant path. The occurrence of spontaneous epileptic seizures was assessed by video monitoring 1, 4 and 8 weeks after SSSE. At the same time points and directly before SSSE, inhibition in the dentate gyrus was measured using a paired pulse paradigm. In this region, excitability of principal cells is under physiological conditions effectively controlled by the activity of inhibitory interneurons. In addition, the dentate gyrus is relevant for the process of epileptogenesis due to anatomical properties. In the time course after SSSE, the fraction of animals showing spontaneous epileptic seizures increased steadily reaching 80 % after eight weeks. One week after SSSE, inhibition in the dentate gyrus was significantly reduced. This loss proved to be transient, as inhibition recovered after 4 weeks and reached pre-status values after 8 weeks. In conclusion, the majority of animals developed chronic epilepsy as a consequence of status epilepticus. Loss of inhibition in the dentate gyrus was maximal while spontaneous seizures had not yet developed. Inhibition was normalized when most animals had become epileptic. Thus, loss of inhibition in the dentate gyrus following status epilepticus is not a decisive mechanism in the emergence of spontaneous seizures.
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- 2004
41. Status Epilepticus
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Meierkord, H., primary, Boon, P., additional, Engelsen, B., additional, Göcke, K., additional, Shorvon, S., additional, Tinuper, P., additional, and Holtkamp, M., additional
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- 2010
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42. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults
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Meierkord, H., primary, Boon, P., additional, Engelsen, B., additional, Göcke, K., additional, Shorvon, S., additional, Tinuper, P., additional, and Holtkamp, M., additional
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- 2009
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43. Structural consequences of status epilepticus demonstrated with serial magnetic resonance imaging
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Meierkord, H., primary, Wieshmann, U., additional, Niehaus, L., additional, and Lehmann, R., additional
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- 2009
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44. Plasma concentrations of prolactin, noradrenaline, vasopressin and oxytocin during and after a prolonged epileptic seizure
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Meierkord, H., primary, Shorvon, S., additional, and Lightman, S.L., additional
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- 2009
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45. The Wada-Test in 2000–2005at German, Swiss and Austrian and Dutch Epilepsy-Centres – the experience of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für prächirurgische Epilepsiediagnostik und operative Epilepsietherapie e.V regarding 1421 procedures
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Haag, A, primary, Knake, S, additional, Hamer, HM, additional, Boesebeck, F, additional, Freitag, H, additional, Schulz, R, additional, Baum, P, additional, Helmstaedter, C, additional, Wellmer, J, additional, Urbach, H, additional, Hopp, P, additional, Mayer, T, additional, Hufnagel, A, additional, Jokeit, H, additional, Lerche, H, additional, Uttner, I, additional, Meencke, HJ, additional, Meierkord, H, additional, Pauli, E, additional, Runge, U, additional, Saar, J, additional, Trinka, E, additional, Benke, T, additional, Vulliemoz, S, additional, Wiegand, G, additional, Stephani, U, additional, Wieser, HG, additional, Rating, D, additional, Werhahn, K, additional, Noachtar, S, additional, Schulze-Bonhage, A, additional, Wagner, K, additional, Alpherts, W, additional, van Emde Boas, W, additional, and Rosenow, F, additional
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- 2007
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46. Diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic status epilepticus in the emergency setting
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Holtkamp, M., primary, Othman, J., additional, Buchheim, K., additional, and Meierkord, H., additional
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- 2006
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47. Diagnostische Merkmale des Status pseudoepilepticus im Notfall-Setting
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Holtkamp, M., primary, Othman, J., additional, Buchheim, K., additional, and Meierkord, H., additional
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- 2006
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48. Gabapentin–induced severe myoclonus in a patient with impaired renal function
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Holtkamp, M., primary, Halle, A., additional, Meierkord, H., additional, and Masuhr, F., additional
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- 2005
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49. Derzeitiger Stellenwert intravenöser Valproinsäure in der Therapie des generalisierten tonisch-klonischen Status epilepticus
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Krämer, G., primary, Bergmann, A., additional, Despland, P.-A., additional, König, S., additional, Kurlemann, G., additional, Kurth, C., additional, Löscher, W., additional, Luef, G., additional, Meierkord, H., additional, Noachtar, S., additional, Pohlmann-Eden, B., additional, Rosenow, F., additional, Rüegg, S., additional, Runge, U., additional, Schmidt, D., additional, Schmitt, B., additional, Siegel, A., additional, Stefan, H., additional, Stodieck, S., additional, Taubøll, E., additional, Trinka, E., additional, and Überall, M., additional
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- 2005
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50. Eine maligne Form des Status epilepticus
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Holtkamp, M, primary, Othman, J, additional, Buchheim, K, additional, Schielke, E, additional, and Meierkord, H, additional
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- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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