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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-nad-10.1177_14550725231157222 for Situated drinking: The association between eating and alcohol consumption in Great Britain by Alan Warde, Alessandro Sasso, John Holmes, Monica Hernández Alava, Abigail K. Stevely and Petra S. Meier in Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

Aims:\ud To describe gender differences in alcohol consumption, purchasing preferences and alcohol‐attributable harm. To model the effects of alcohol pricing policies on male and female consumption and hospitalisations.\ud \ud Design:\ud Epidemiological simulation using the Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model v4.\ud \ud Setting/Participants:\ud Adults aged 18+, England.\ud \ud Interventions:\ud Three alcohol pricing policies: 10% duty increase and minimum unit prices (MUP) of £0.50 and £0.70 per UK unit.\ud \ud Measures:\ud Gender‐specific baseline and key outcomes data: Annual beverage‐specific units of alcohol consumed and beverage‐specific alcohol expenditure (household surveys). Alcohol‐attributable hospital admissions (administrative data). Key model parameters: Literature‐based own‐ and cross‐price elasticities for 10 beverage‐by‐location categories (e.g. off‐trade beer). Sensitivity analysis with new gender‐specific elasticities. Literature‐based risk functions linking consumption and harm, gender‐disaggregated where evidence was available. Population subgroups: 120 subgroups defined by gender (primary focus), age, deprivation quintile and baseline weekly consumption.\ud \ud Findings:\ud Women consumed 59.7% of their alcohol as off‐trade wine while men consumed 49.7% as beer. Women drinkers consumed fewer units annually than men (494 vs. 895) and a smaller proportion of women were high‐risk drinkers (4.8% vs. 7.2%). Moderate drinking women had lower hospital admission rates than men (44 vs. 547 per 100,000) but rates were similar for high‐risk drinking women and men (14,294 vs. 13,167 per 100,000). All three policies led to larger estimated reductions in consumption and admission rates among men than women. For example, a £0.50 MUP led to a 5.3% reduction in consumption and a 4.1% reduction in admissions for men but a 0.7% reduction in consumption and a 1.6% reduction in hospitalisations for women.\ud \ud Conclusion:\ud Alcohol consumption, purchasing preferences and harm show strong gender patterns among adult drinkers in England. Alcohol pricing policies are estimated to be more effective at reducing consumption and harm for men than women.\ud \ud Funding:\ud Medical Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Cancer Research UK and Public Health England.

Background:\ud \ud Alcohol consumption is influenced by the characteristics of drinking occasions, for example, location, timing, or the composition of the drinking group. However, the relative importance of occasion characteristics is not yet well understood. This study aims to identify which characteristics, and combinations of characteristics, are associated with units consumed within drinking occasions. It also tests whether accounting for occasion characteristics improves the prediction of consumption compared to using demographic information only.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud The data come from a cross‐sectional, nationally representative, online market research survey. Our sample includes 18,409 British drinkers aged 18 + who recorded the characteristics of 46,072 drinking occasions using 7‐day retrospective drinking diaries in 2018. We used decision tree modeling and nested linear regression to predict units consumed in occasions using information on drinking location/venue, occasion timing, company, occasion type (e.g., a quiet night in), occasion motivation, drink type and packaging, food eaten and entertainment/ other activities during the occasion. We estimated models separately for 6 age‐sex groups and controlled for usual drinking frequency, and social grade in nested linear regression models. Open Science Framework preregistration: https://osf.io/42epd.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud Our 6 final models accounted for between 55% and 71% of the variance in drinking occasion alcohol consumption. Beyond demographic characteristics (1 to 9%) and occasion duration (24 to 60%), further occasion characteristics and combinations of characteristics accounted for 31 to 70% of the total explained variance. The characteristics most strongly associated with heavy alcohol consumption were long occasion duration, drinking spirits as doubles, and drinking wine. Spirits were also consumed in light occasions, but as singles. This suggests that the serving size is an important differentiator of light and heavy occasions.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud \ud Combinations of occasion duration and drink type are strongly predictive of alcohol consumption in adults’ drinking occasions. Accounting for characteristics of drinking occasions, both individually and in combination, substantially improves the prediction of alcohol consumption.

Background and Aims: \ud \ud There is a growing literature using event‐level methods to estimate associations between contextual characteristics of drinking occasions, consumption levels and acute harms. This literature spans many research traditions and has not been brought together as a whole. This mapping review aimed to identify and describe the theoretical approaches to conceptualizing drinking occasions, study designs, predictors and outcome measures used in existing research with a view to identifying dominant approaches, research gaps and areas for further synthesis.\ud \ud Methods: \ud \ud Eligible papers studied adults’ drinking occasions using quantitative event‐level methods and considered one or more contextual characteristics (e.g. venue, timing or company) and at least one event‐level consumption or acute alcohol‐related harm outcome. We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, PsycInfo and the Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index, extracting data on studies’ theoretical approach, data collection methods, settings, populations, drinking occasion characteristics and outcome measures.\ud \ud Results: \ud \ud Searches identified 278 eligible papers (from 1975 to 2019), predominantly published after 2010 (n = 181; 65.1%). Most papers reported research conducted in the United States (n = 170; 61.2%) and half used student participants (n = 133; 47.8%). Papers typically lacked a stated theoretical approach (n = 203; 73.0%). Consistent with this, only 53 (19.1%) papers studied three or more occasion characteristics and most used methods that assume occasion characteristics do not change during an occasion (n = 189; 68.0%). The most common outcome type considered was consumption (n = 224; 80.6%) and only a few papers studied specific acute harm outcomes such as unprotected sex (n = 24; 8.6%), drink driving (n = 14; 5.0%) or sexual violence (n = 9; 3.2%).\ud \ud Conclusions: \ud \ud Studies from 1975 to 2019 using event‐level methods to estimate associations between contextual characteristics of drinking occasions, consumption levels and acute harms were largely focused on students and consumption outcomes, and most have considered a limited range of contextual characteristics.