Search

This study aimed to identify factors that significantly affect the behavioral intention of nursing staff to practice telenursing, applying the decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB) as the research framework. This cross-sectional survey study collected data from a valid sample of 203 responses from nurses from a regional hospital in Taipei City, Taiwan. The results of data analysis showed that nursing staff’s attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward telenursing correlated positively with behavioral intention to participate in telenursing. Decomposing the main concepts identified two significant predictive determinants that influence nurses’ behavioral intentions: (a) facilitating conditions (β = 0.394, t = 5.817, p = 0.000 &lt, 0.001) and (b) supervisor influence (β= 0.232, t = 3.431, p = 0.001 &lt, 0.01), which together explain 28.6% of the variance for behavioral intention. The results of this study indicated that support and encouragement from nursing supervisors are important factors affecting nurses’ intention to practice telenursing. Education and training, health policies advocacy and the provision of adequate facilitating technologies and recourses are important factors for improving intention to practice telenursing.

Conjugated polymers with discrete units have received attention for their potential applications in molecular electronics and photonics. This study, a series of fluorinated carbazole derivatives of a discrete conjugated main chain, which integrated anthracene and pyrene groups, was reported. Three polymers, namely PCzAn, PCzBAn, and PCzPy, were designed and synthesized through Suzuki and poly coupling reactions, and the conjugation of the geometry of these materials was investigated. These molecules were characterized using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC)-mass spectrometry, PL spectrum, absorption spectrum, PLQY, and solution-processed for OLEDs. All materials showed remarkable thermal stability and excellent quantum efficiency. In the emitting layer, the blending of PCzBAn:PVK (8:2) exhibited excellent luminance efficiency and external quantum efficiency of 4.87 cd/A and 2.89%, respectively.

Background The study objective was to compare titration of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and with ventilator-embedded pressure–volume loop in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods We have designed a prospective study with historical control group. Twenty-four severe ARDS patients (arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen ratio, PaO2/FiO2 2O above the lower inflection point on the static pressure–volume curve. Results Patients in the EIT group were younger (P 2O higher (P 2/FiO2, initial PEEP, driving pressure, tidal volume, and respiratory system compliance were found. Two hours after the first PEEP titration, significantly higher PEEP, compliance, and lower driving pressure were found in the EIT group (P Conclusion In severe ARDS patients, it was feasible and safe to guide PEEP titration with EIT at the bedside. As compared with pressure–volume curve, the EIT-guided PEEP titration may be associated with improved oxygenation, compliance, driving pressure, and weaning success rate. The findings encourage further randomized control study with a larger sample size and potentially less bias in the baseline data. Trial Registration NCT03112512

Calcination reduction reaction is used to prepare Pt/EB (emeraldine base)-XC72 (Vulcan carbon black) composites as the cathode material of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The EB-XC72 core-shell composite obtained from directly polymerizing aniline on XC72 particles is able to chelate and capture the Pt-ions before calcination. X-ray diffraction spectra demonstrate Pt particles are successfully obtained on the EB-XC72 when the calcined temperature is higher than 600 &deg, C. Micrographs of TEM and SEM illustrate the affluent, Pt nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on EB-XC72 at 800 &deg, C (Pt/EB-XC72/800). More Pt is deposited on Pt/EB-XC72 composite as temperatures are higher than 600 &deg, C. The Pt/EB-XC72/800 catalyst demonstrates typical type of a cyclic voltammograms (C-V) curve of a Pt-catalyst with clear Pt&ndash, H oxidation and Pt&ndash, O reduction peaks. The highest number of transferred electrons during ORR approaches 3.88 for Pt/EB-XC72/800. The maximum power density of the single cell based on Pt/EB-XC72/800 reaches 550 mW cm&minus, 2.

Background Clients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) must learn to manage their disabilities and may never be able to resume their previous lifestyle. Therefore, receiving relevant information and support from care practitioners and institutions is essential for clients with long-term SCI. Purpose This study investigated the long-term homecare needs of clients with SCIs. Methods A qualitative approach was used in this study. Data were collected from March to May 2013. Four SCI associations were selected using purposive sampling, and four focus group interviews were conducted in Northern, Central, Southern, and Eastern Taiwan. Each focus group was composed of 7-12 participants. In-depth interviews (1.5-2.5 hours) were conducted. A content analysis method was adopted for data analysis. Results Thirty-eight participants took part in the study. The long-term care needs of clients with SCI require the following dynamic processes for rebuilding their lives: physical care and complication prevention, life planning, social support, discovery of the value of existence, and sexual satisfaction. Conclusions/implications for practice The results reveal the long-term care needs of clients with SCI. Nurses are expected to provide client-centered care, emphasize prevention rather than treatment of complications, initiate life planning at the early stages of a client's rehabilitation, enhance a client's social support, encourage a client's search for companionship and search for the value of existence and a life purpose, and be attentive to the sexual concerns of people with physical disabilities.

In this study, the sol–gel method was employed to prepare zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films as cathode buffer layers for inverted organic solar cells (IOSCs). We used a low temperature sol-gel process for the synthesis of ZnO thin films, in which the molar ratio of zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD) to ethanolamine (MEA) was varied; subsequently, using the thin films, we successfully fabricated inverted solar cells on flexible plastic substrates. A ZnO sol–gel was first prepared by dissolving ZAD and MEA in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME). The molar ratios of ZAD to MEA were set as 1:1.2, 1:1, and 1:0.8, and we investigated the characteristics of the resulting ZnO thin films. We investigated the optical transmittance, surface roughness, and surface morphology of the films. Then, we discussed the reasons about the improvement of the device efficiency. The devices were fabricated using the ZnO thin films as cathode buffer layers. The results indicated that the morphology of the thin films prepared using the ZAD to MEA ratios of 1:1 and 1:0.8 changed to a rippled nanostructure after two-step annealing. The PCE was enhanced because of the higher light absorption in the active layer caused by the nanostructure. The structure of the inverted device was ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PC 61 BM/MoO 3 /Ag. The short-circuit current densities (8.59 mA/cm 2 and 8.34 mA/cm 2 ) of the devices with films prepared using the ZAD to MEA ratios of 1:1 and 1:0.8 ratios, respectively, and annealed at 125 °C were higher than that of the device containing the ZnO thin film that was annealed at 150 °C. Inverted solar cells with ZnO films that were prepared using the ZAD to MEA ratios of 1:1 and 1:0.8 and annealed at 125 °C exhibited PCEs of 3.38% and 3.30%, respectively. More than that, PCEs of the flexible device can reach up to 1.53%.

Herein, a series of novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s consisting of tetra-trifluoromethyl-substituted multi-phenyl was synthesized via polycondensation, and post-sulfonation was carried out through chlorosulfonic acid to obtain sulfonated polymers possessing ion exchange capacities ranging from 1.27 to 2.53 mmol g−1. 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy were applied to confirm the structure and composition of the sulfonated polymers. The membranes exhibited considerable dimensional stability (with 3.1–27.8% change in length; 17–56.5% change in thickness at 80 °C) and excellent oxidative stability (weight remained higher than 97%). The mechanical properties of the membranes demonstrated good tensile strength on account of the highly rigid multi-phenylated backbone, and Young's modulus ranged from 0.65 to 0.88 GPa. The proton conductivities of the membranes ranged from 0.03 to 0.24 S cm−1 at 80 °C under 95% RH, which were comparable to or higher than those of Nafion 211. The morphology of the membranes demonstrated a clear hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase separation with spherical ionic clusters in the size range of 5–20 nm. SFC2-2.53 demonstrated a high current density (around 1800 mA cm−2 at 0.6 V) and the maximum power density of 1.41 W cm−2 for the fuel cell performance. The results indicated that SFC2 would be a good candidate for proton exchange membranes in fuel cell applications.

Background: Patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can have recurrent exacerbations and acute respiratory failure (ARF) triggered by air pollution. Aim: The aim was to investigate the short-term association between particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in urban air and the emergency room visits (ERV) for mechanical ventilation (MV) in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Methods: We conducted an ecological time-series study. Daily counts of AECOPD ERV using ventilators from 2015 to 2018 were obtained from the hospital located in urban area in Taipei. Generalized linear models extending Poisson regression were used to explore the AECOPD of PM2.5 after controlling for time trend, seasonal variations, temperature, relative humidity, and days of the week. Results: A total of 628 AECOPD receiving MV were recorded, which 524 patients used noninvasive ventilation and 104 patients needed invasive ventilatory support. The ERV for AECOPD with ARF were significantly associated with PM2.5 1.45% increase per 10 μg/m3 (95% CI: 0.28%-2.67%). Interquartile range increase in 27.6 μg/m3 was associated with the increase of 18% in ERV. PM2.5 had a stronger effect on AECOPD with ARF in spring (>23.5℃), with a 1.39% (95% CI: 0.56%-1.92%) increase in admissions per 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day PM2.5. Conclusion: This is the first study providing quantitative estimates of the short-term effects of PM2.5 on ERV for AECOPD with ARF. Adverse effects of PM2.5 on AECOPD for MV are evident, especially in the spring during long-range transported Asian dust storms. To reduce PM2.5 below various thresholds is urgently needed.

A series of sterically encumbered, sulfonated, alternating poly(arylene ether) copolymers were synthesized so as to compare the effects of incorporating ketone and sulfone groups on the proton conductivity and performance of fuel cells of membranes prepared. Therefore, the polymers were prepared by polymerization of 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone or bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone with a novel monomer, 2′′,3′′,5′′,6′′-tetraphenyl-[1,1′:4′,1′′:4′′,1′′′:4′′′,1′′′′-quinquephenyl]-4,4′′′′-diol. Subsequent sulfonation and solution casting provided membranes possessing ion exchange capacities ranging from 2.1 to 2.8 mmol g−1. The water uptake of sulfonated polymers increased with increasing IEC, ranging from 68 to 146 % at 80 °C in water compared with 30 % for N117. Proton conductivities ranged between 3 and 17 mS cm−1 at 30 °C/40 % RH, and 88 and 263 mS cm−1 at 80 °C/95 % RH compared with 10 and 100 mS cm−1 for N117, respectively. The proton mobilities ranged between 76.6 × 105 cm2 V−1 S−1 and 170.4 × 105 cm2 V−1 S−1 at 80 °C, greater than that of N117. No substantial difference is observed between membrane prepared from polymers incorporating ketone and analogous membranes incorporating sulfone groups, thus inferring that ketone and sulfone groups in the polymer main chain do not appear to have any discernible difference upon membrane properties.

Operational risk can caused by both internal and external factors, which is probably due to the inefficient management or breakdowns in internal procedures, human errors and systems failures. It is important for an organisation to manage operational risk efficiently. This study aims to investigate the influence of firm-specific factors and macro-economic factors affecting operational risk among five selected logistics company in Bursa Malaysia. Multiple regression analysis of financial ratios of the five selected companies is conducted for the year from 2012 to 2016. The findings and analysis shows that firm-specific factors (quick ratio and average collection period) have a greater influence on operational risk of the company as compared to macro-economic factors. This study also suggest that it is necessary for a firm to manage its liquid assets in an optimum way and minimizing the cost of liquidation, in order to have sufficient cash flow for business operations. Besides, the company should manage its account receivables efficiently in order to reduce operational risk. This can be achieved by establishing clear credit policies, tracking credit history of new customers, and setting clear payment terms.

Operational risk management is an important aspect in a company. So, the company must manage their operational risk efficiently. This study attempted to investigate the influence of firm-specific factors and macro-economic factors towards operational risk of Century Logistics Holdings Berhad in Malaysia. This study employs time series regression analysis of Century Logistics from 2012 to 2016. The analysis shows that firm-specific factors (ROE) has most significant influence the operational risk of Century Logistics. However, the macro-economic factors show a negligible in influencing the operational risk. This study suggest that the firms should manage their ROE efficiently by use more financial leverage and improve asset turnover.

We demonstrate a method to increase the efficiency of blue and green organic light emitting diodes by a factor of up to 53.9 and 28.3 % when the device brightness was 1000 cd/m2. By fabricating the organic light emitting diodes on top of a planarization 12-fold photonic quasi-crystal microstructure, the 12-fold photonic quasi-crystal microstructure was fabricated on the glass substrate by simple way of UV nanoimprint lithography process, and to decrease the roughness of the substrate, we used the high index filling layer to cover and planarize the photonic quasi-crystal structure. The photonic quasi-crystal microstructure released the light trapped in the wave guide mode, and it is found that photonic quasi-crystal microstructure can overcome the total internal reflection; we attribute that the photonic quasi-crystal microstructure could be integrated into organic light emitting diodes to tremendously enhance the emission efficiency.

In this study, we prepared organic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with electrochemically deposited nano polyaniline (PANI) buffer layers (either PANI – 0.1 M or PANI – 0.3 M) as hole transporting layers and compared their performances with those of solar cells lacking the buffer layer (i.e., bare ITO) or featuring buffer layers of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) or PEDOT:PSS-covered PANI. The power conversion efficiency of the device featuring PANI/PEDOT:PSS as the buffer layer (2.76%) was greater than those of devices featuring bare ITO (0.75%) or the PANI – 0.1 M (1.33%), PANI – 0.3 M (1.78%), or PEDOT:PSS (2.30%) layers. We suspect that the increased conductivity of the PANI/PEDOT:PSS composite, caused by interactions between the PANI nitrogen atoms and the functional groups of PSS, led to additional doping of PANI. This primary doping effect by PSS toward PANI lowered the series resistance of the PANI/PEDOT:PSS buffer layer and, thereby, increased the photocurrent of the device. As a result, electrochemically deposited PANI buffer layers, with or without PEDOT:PSS, appear to be promising hole transporting layers for organic electronic devices that require different candidate materials (other than PEDOT:PSS conductors) and/or different processing conditions (other than spin-coating).

Population aging is occurring worldwide, and preventing cardiovascular event in older people is a unique challenge. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week qigong (eight-form moving meditation) training program on the heart rate variability and peripheral vasomotor response of middle-aged and elderly people in the community. This was a quasi-experimental study that included the pre-test, post-test, and nonequivalent control group designs. Seventy-seven participants (experimental group = 47; control group = 30) were recruited. The experimental group performed 30 min of eight-form moving meditation 3 times per week for 12 weeks, and the control group continued their normal daily activities. After 12 weeks, the interaction effects indicated that compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significantly improved heart rate variability and peripheral vasomotor responses.

In this paper we report a novel oxidant- and etching-free process for the preparation of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) nanocomposite layers through thermal debromination polymerization; it involves depositing a solution of 2,5-dibromo-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (DBEDOT) and PSS in MeOH/H2O onto a flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate heated at 120 °C. SEM and TEM images revealed that the surface of the conducting PEDOT:PSS film featured PEDOT nanospheres wrapped in a coating of PSS. The Raman spectrum of the PEDOT:PSS nanosphere layer featured a signal for symmetrical stretching at 1450–1434 cm−1; this vibration was sensitive to oxidizing (doping) and reducing (de-doping) behavior. This strategy has potential use in roll-to-roll processing of flexible organic optoelectronic devices.

We describe how the morphology, photoluminescence (PL), and electroluminescence properties of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(pyren-1-yl)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (TPSBF) are related to its film thickness and how, under optimized conditions, the three main PL emissions constitute a form of white light. We fabricated high-brightness, broad-spectrum, white-light organic light-emitting diodes, incorporating a single emission layer of the blue-light-emitting material TPSBF, which comprises four pyrene units linked to a spirobifluorene core. An organic light-emitting device with the configuration indium tin oxide (170 nm)/4,4',4''-tris[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (15 nm)/4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (65 nm)/TPSBF (50 nm)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (30 nm)/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al (200 nm) exhibited a broad-spectrum white emission with a maximum luminescence and current efficiency of 57 680 cd m-2 and 6.51 cd A-1 , respectively, and Commission International De l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.29,0.36).

Background: In numerous countries worldwide, fall prevention among older adults is a major public health issue. For older adults, regular participation in moderate physical activity or exercise lowers the risks of falls. However, scant information is available regarding the prevention strategies that the most at-risk groups may undertake. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a fall prevention strategy, eight forms of moving meditation (EFMM), on community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in Taiwan. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study; 84 participants were recruited from Taipei in Taiwan. For 12 weeks, participants in the experimental group performed 30-min EFMM 3 times per week. The measurements included a Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Get-up-and-Go Test (TGUG), and a One-Leg Stance Test (OLST) with eyes both opened and closed. All were conducted at the baseline and 12 weeks after intervention. Results: The participants who performed EFMM showed a significant and positive performance on FRT, TGUG, and OLST with eyes opened and eyes closed compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that EFMM is an effective strategy for enhancing balance and functional mobility and preventing falls among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.

A simple and cost-effective approach is proposed as an alternative to conventional oxygen plasma treatment to modify surface property of Indium tin oxide (ITO) anode of a fluorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED). This was achieved by treating the ITO anode in supercritical CO 2 (SCCO 2 ) fluids with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The SCCO 2 /H 2 O 2 treatment yielded an ITO work function of 5.35 eV after 15 min treatment at 85 °C and 4000 psi, which was significant higher than 4.8 eV of the as-cleaned ITO surface and was slightly less than 5.5 eV of the ITO surface treated by oxygen plasma. The highest work function achieved was 5.55 eV after 45 min SCCO 2 /H 2 O 2 treatment. The SCCO 2 /H 2 O 2 treatment can be used to tailor the ITO work function through changing the operation pressure of the treatment. In addition, the correlated dependence of OLED performance on the ITO anodes with and without the treatments was investigated. The maximum power efficiency of 1.94 lm/W was obtained at 17.3 mA/cm 2 for the device with 15 min SCCO 2 /H 2 O 2 treatment at 4000 psi. This power efficiency was 19.3% and 33.8% higher than those of the oxygen plasma treatment and as-clean, respectively. The improvement in device efficiency by the SCCO 2 /H 2 O 2 treatments can be attributed to enhanced hole injection and balance in charge carriers due to increased work function and surface energy of the ITO anodes.

Aging causes various changes in body composition, which are critical implications for health and physical functioning in aging adults. The aim of this study was to explore the body composition outcomes of a qigong intervention among community-dwelling aging adults. This was a quasi-experimental study in which 90 participants were recruited. Forty-eight participants (experimental group) attended a 30-min qigong program 3 times per week for 12 weeks, whereas 42 participants (control group) continued performing their usual daily activities. The experimental group achieved a greater reduction in the fat mass percentage at the posttest, and exhibited increased fat-free mass, lean body mass percentage, and lean body mass to fat mass ratio compared with the controls. No difference between the two groups in body mass index, fat mass, and lean body mass was observed. These results indicated that the qigong intervention showed beneficial outcomes of body composition among community-dwelling aging adults.

In this paper, we used sol-gel derived ZnO solution of different molar ratio of ethanolamine with low temperature process deposited on ITO substrate as the electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted polymer solar cells (IPSCs). We found through a detailed analysis of less ethanolamine and low-temperature process ZnO thin film, which gives both high transparency and comparative literature has a simple process and control the film surface morphology, and low-temperature process of flexible, this increases the short-circuit density from 7.01 to 8.20mA/cm2 at an annealing temperature of 150°C for 10min. The flexible IPSCs exhibit a PCE of 2.48 to 3.17% for poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM) blend film as the active layer under simulated AM1.5G illumination of 100mW/cm2.

In this study, we inserted a two-dimensional (2D) photonic quasi-crystal (PQC) structure into the OLED devices for light extraction. The 2-D PQC structure was fabricated on the glass substrate by simple way of nanoimprinting. To decrease the roughness of the substrate, we used the polymer layer to cover and planarize the PQC structure on the glass substrate, and then, we fabricated the internally planarized green OLEDs. The internally planarized green OLEDs show a great enhancements of the external quantum efficiency by 20.0% compared to the normal green OLEDs. The results can attribute to the light out-coupling effect in the OLED via the 2-D PQC structure to release the generated light trapped in the wave guide mode due to the total internal reflection (TIR).

A series of sterically hindered, sulfonated, poly(arylene ether) polymers were synthesized by nucleophilic polycondensation reaction using 4,4′′′′-difluoro-3,3′′′′-bistrifluoromethyl-2′′,3′′,5′′,6′′-tetraphenyl-[1,1′;4′,1′′;4′′,1′′′;4′′′,1′′′′]-pentaphenyl and 4,4′-biphenol and were prepared through postpolymerization sulfonation. The chemical structures were confirmed by1H NMR. Subsequent to sulfonation, solvent-casting membranes were provided ion exchange capacity (IEC) values ranging from 0.39 to 2.90 mmol/g. Proton conductivities of membranes ranged from 143 to 228 mS/cm at 80°C under fully humidified conditions which were higher than that of Nafion 117. The membrane also exhibited considerably dimension stability, oxidative stability, and hydrolytic stability. The microphase structure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the ionic aggregation of sulfonic acid groups exhibited spherical ionic clusters with well-developed phase separated morphology. The results indicated that the membranes are promising candidates for application as proton exchange membranes. This investigation demonstrates introducing multiphenylated moieties to create a high free volume polymer that provides dimensionally stable and high proton conductivity membranes.

In this study, we used Suzuki coupling to synthesize 2,2´,7,7´-tetrapyren-1-yl-9,9´-spirobifluorene (TPSBF), a blue emitter featuring four identical strongly emitting pyrene units linked around a stable spirobifluorene core. This fluorine derivative exhibits a high fluorescence yield, extreme thermal stability under N2 (onset decomposition temperature: >540 ◦ C), a high glass transition temperature (ca. 240 ◦ C), and a stable deep blue emission in the solid state. The presence of the spiro linkage in the structure of TPSBF reduces its tendency to crystallize and increases its glass transition temperature relative to the behavior of the monomeric units. In addition, the tetrahedral nature of the carbon atom at the spiro center preserves the optical and electrochemical characteristics of the pristine pyrene units. A blue organic light emitting diode system by spin-coating process having the configuration indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (50 nm)/ polyvinylcarbazole:TPSBF (43%) (90 nm)/4,7-diphenyl1,10-phenanthroline (30 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (200 nm) exhibited a luminance of 4,130 cd/m 2 at 12 V, Commission Internationale d’Eclairage coordinates of (0.16, 0.16), and current and power efficiencies of 1.9 cd/A and 0.9 lm/W, respectively, at 23 mA/cm 2 .

The health cultivation qigong exercise in traditional Chinese medicine refers to a traditional, integrated method of illness prevention and body strengthening, which promotes the functions of qi and the blood, smooths the meridians (energy channels), and balances the viscera and bowels through the regulation of the mind, the breathing, and the body. The concept of using qi to cultivate human life is part of the health cultivation practices of ancient Chinese codes and of Chinese medicine. This concept includes the principles, methods, essences, and clinical applications of the practice. In addition, traditional health cultivation references the concepts of yinyang, viscera and bowels, qi and blood, meridians, and essential energy spirit theory in order to explain the human biological phenomena, the theoretical and practical perspectives of qigong, and the basis of the treatment principle. The health cultivation qigong exercise of Chinese medicine utilizes the concept of the "unity of nature and human beings" in traditional Chinese thinking in its practice, which emphasizes the conformity to nature and seasons. In order to fully leverage the benefits from the purpose of health cultivation in qigong practice, the priority is to understand the health cultivation mechanism, the essentials/matters, and the precautions of qigong practices. Recently, the evidence regarding both the biological and the psychological benefits of qigong practices have been demonstrated in numbers of research articles. In particular, qigong is currently considered to be one of the best mild exercises that is suited to all age groups. Professional nurses are suggested to include the health cultivation qigong exercise as part of activities that target health improvement and illness prevention. Due to the diversity in qigong as practiced by different health cultivation qigong exercise sects, it is essential to accumulate more clinical evidence by conducting greater numbers of rigorous studies that may be referenced in evidence-based nursing practices.中醫運動養生氣功之理論與實務.中醫運動養生氣功是指運用調心、調息、調身的功法，促使氣血充足、經絡暢通及臟腑和調，以達強身保健及預防疾病的傳統養生方法。早在古籍及中醫典籍中，就有關於以【氣】養生的概念、練功原則、練功要領、練功方法及臨床運用等多方面的內容。此外，傳統養生氣功並以中醫的陰陽、臟腑、氣血、經絡和精氣神學說等理論，做為解釋生命現象、闡述氣功的功理功法，及探討治病原理的依據。中醫運動養生氣功與中國人傳統思想「天人合一」的觀念相似，強調氣功鍛鍊應順應自然及時節。鍛練氣功首要了解養生機理、練功要領及注意事項，方能達到養身氣功的真正目的。近幾年研究指出氣功鍛鍊對生理及心理皆具有正向效果，且氣功是一種適合各種年齡層鍛鍊的緩和運動。建議護理人員可將中醫運動養生氣功，列入健康促進及預防疾病計畫的活動設計；然由於中醫運動養生氣功的流派繁多，諸家功法各異，故仍亟需護理專家進行更多嚴謹的研究，方讓護理工作能有更多可以參考的實證依據。.

The performance of a blue polymer light-emitting diodes (PLED) was significantly improved by doping a controlled amount (1%) of a hole transport molecule N,N-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N-diphenyl-1,1biphenyl-4,4-diamine (NPB) into the emitting layer. Hole carrier mobility of the blue emitting polymer, BP105 (trade name of The Dow Chemicals Co.), increased from5.27 10 -7 cm -2 /Vs of the pristine BP105 to 1.80 10 -6 cm -2 /Vs with the addition of 1% NPB in BP105. The enhanced carrier mobility greatly promoted performance of a blue PLED device with a device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/BP105+x% NPB/LiF/Ca/Al.Luminanceincreased from573 cd/m 2 to 2,720 cd/m 2 at6Vand efficiencyincreased from 1.1lm/Wto1.6lm/Wat1,000cd/m 2 with1%NPBinBP105.Themostimportantimprovementwasanincrease in the lifetime of the blue device from 80 to 120 hours at an initial luminance of 400 cd/m 2 .W e found that by choosing the appropriate dopant with goodenergy alignment and controlled dopant concentration, the performance of a blue PLED device could be greatly improved.

This paper describes a novel spray emulsion polymerization technique for the preparation of aqueous-dispersible nanoscale core/shell poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (n-PEDOT) colloids doped with poly[(4-styrenesulfonic acid)-co-(maleic acid)] (PSS-co-MA). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that these nPEDOT:PSS-co-MA colloids possessed sharp core/shell morphologies. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed semi-crystalline morphologies and quinoiddominated structures for these n-PEDOT:PSS-co-MA colloids. The conductivities of n-PEDOT and n-PEDOT:PSS-co-MA pellets were ca. 3.2 and 0.29 S cm , respectively, suggesting that PSS-co-MA acted as a shell that blocked the hopping of charges from the n-PEDOT core to neighboring latexes. The work functions of pristine n-PEDOT and n-PEDOT:PSS-co-MA, measured using photoelectron spectroscopy, were ca. 4.7 and 5.05 eV, respectively; thus, they are close to that of indium tin oxide. The PSS-co-MA used in this study featured two different types of interactive functional groups, which acted as oxidative sites, dopants, and core/shell stabilizers during polymerization.

We have fabricated polymer solar cell devices based on poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) and incorporating one-dimensional nanostructured acid-doped polyaniline nanotubes (a-PANINs) as an interfacial layer. The power conversion efficiency of an annealed device incorporating the a-PANIN layer reached 4.26% under AM 1.5 G (100 mW/cm 2 ) illumination, an increase of ca. 26% relative to that of the annealed device lacking an a-PANIN interfacial layer. The incorporation of the a-PANINs in the solution-processed polymer solar cells was reproducible; the high conductivity, controlled tubular nanoscale morphologies, and mobility of the annealed a-PANIN layer led to efficient extraction of photogenerated holes to the buffer layer and suppression of exciton recombination, thereby improving the photovoltaic performance.

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) formed gels and showed liquid crystalline structures at high concentrations. The absorption properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) showed dramatic changes during gelation, which is an indication of strong intermolecular π-electronic coupling of the ordered self-assembled poly(3-hexylthiophene) gels. The effect of conformational transitions on the photovoltaic properties of solution-processed poly(3-hexylthiophene)/fullerene blends has been studied in this Article. It is shown that the photovoltaic performance is strongly affected by gelation, which alters the morphology of the photoactive layer. Device optimization yields solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 3.78% under standard test conditions (AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2).

Most research into family care-giving has been undertaken in western, English-speakingsocieties with little cognisance taken of possible differences across cultures. Home-basedinterviews were conducted with 117 mothers and fathers in Taipei City, Taiwan and five main themes were identified using content analysis. Three themes expressed the impact of the child on family functioning, parental health, and levels of stress and two themes described parents’ coping strategies and sources of support. Although these themes broadly replicate findings from other cultures, certain features of Taiwanese–Chinese society appear to accentuate the impact on mothers especially of having a child with an intellectual disability. The implications for the provision of family-centred services are discussed, especially in helping parents to recognise their strengths and coping capabilities, and to promote their influence in changing cultural attitudes.