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Atherosclerosis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Studies suggest that the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 plays a critical role in atherogenesis. Shear stress is an important mechanical force that affects blood vessel function. In this study, we investigated the effect of shear stress on CX3CR1 expression in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). First, cells were exposed to different shear stress and then CX3CR1 mRNA and protein were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. CX3CR1 gene silencing was used to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying shear stress-mediated effects on CX3CR1 expression. CX3CR1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased with 4.14 dyne/cm2 of shear stress compared with other tested levels of shear stress. We observed a significant increase in CX3CR1 mRNA levels at 2 h and CX3CR1 protein expression at 4 h. CX3CR1-induced VCAM-1 expression in response to low shear stress by activating NF-κB signaling pathway in VECs. Our findings demonstrate that low shear stress increases CX3CR1 expression, which increases VCAM-1 expression due to elevated NF-κB activation. The current study provides evidence of the correlation between shear stress and atherosclerosis mediated by CX3CR1.

Because of its high economic value and potential for adaptation to subtropical climates, Indian jujube (

Background Selenium is an essential micronutrient in human metabolism. However, the Se level in foods is far below the standards due to the fact that it is deficient in two thirds of arable soils. Therefore, consuming Se-enriched plant products which convert inorganic Se into organic Se might be a safe and effective way to supplement Se for the human body. Paeonia ostii is a unique medicinal and edible plant in China, and also a new special woody oil crop. It serves as a perfect mediator for Se biofortification. In this report the effects of nano-Se foliar application on photosynthetic parameters, physiological characteristics and Se-enrichment effect in various plant organs of P. ostii cultivar Feng Dan were investigated in randomized complete block design experiments with different doses of spray in Se-deficient soils.Results By contrast to the control, nano-Se sprays enhanced net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and chlorophyll content of Feng Dan. The content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline and activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were increased while malondialdehyde content was significantly reduced. The stimulatory effect at concentrations of 6.00 and 8.25 g·hm-2 was the best in this study. nano-Se application significantly increased the Se content in all organs of Fengdan except the root compared to the control, and Se contents in various organs were increased paralleled with the increase of concentrations applied, and ordered as follows under suitable concentration, Testa > leaf > kernel > stem > root.ConclusionsThe above results show that nano-Se sprays at concentrations of 6.00-8.25 g·hm-2 stimulated the growth of Feng Dan and achieved the best Se-enrichment effect in this study. It also proved that the Se biofortification effect depends on its dosage applied and types of plant organs. These results provide guidance on Se enrichment of horticultural crops.

C32H41N7NiO8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.0076(5) Å, b = 18.6561(10) Å, c = 19.0893(18) Å, β = 108.532(6)°, V = 3378.4(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0607, wRref (F 2) = 0.1340, T = 111.9(1) K.

C15H16CeN7O10, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.8762(12) Å, b = 21.330(3) Å, c = 13.181(2) Å, β = 99.536(2)∘, V = 2183.8(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0285, wRref (F 2) = 0.0523, T = 103 K.

C26H31N5NiO8, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.554(3) Å, b = 12.401(3) Å, c = 18.718(5) Å, β = 107.844(3)°, V = 2774.0(12) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0438, wR ref (F 2) = 0.1175, T = 153(2) K.

C26H27ClN8NiO7, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.893(2) Å, b = 11.503(2) Å, c = 13.295(3) Å, α = 78.77(3)°, β = 70.52(3)°, γ = 83.40(3)°, V = 1397.0(6) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0423, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1032, T = 153.15 K.

C33H39Cl2N9NiO12, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.7478(4) Å, b = 20.6247(7) Å, c = 19.0897(11) Å, β = 92.767(5)°, V = 3833.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0527, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1143, T = 108.4(2) K.

Two new types of supramolecular aggregate co-crystals containing C70 and M(TPP), Co(TPP)·C70·1.5CS2 (1) and M(TPP)·C70·CS2 [M = Zn (2), 2H (3), TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin], were discovered by adjusting the synthetic parameters, and their inherent resistance measurement was utilized to study the intermolecular contact of these compounds for the first time. The results showed that the resistance was affected by the packing of the components as well the metal center of M(TPP) units, and the method could clearly be beneficial to the discovery of new aggregates with stronger interaction.

c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that participates in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we identified a novel JNK (EsJNK) and determined the cDNA sequence of its isoform (EsJNK-a) from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The open reading frame (ORF) of EsJNK was predicted to encode 421 peptides with a serine/threonine protein kinase, a catalytic (S_TKc) domain, and a low complexity region. The ORF of EsJNK-a was 1380 bp encoding a protein with 459 amino acids, which was 38 amino acids more than that of EsJNK. The predicted tertiary structure of EsJNK was conserved and contained 15 α-helices and 10 β-sheets. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that EsJNK was clustered with the JNK homologs of other crustaceans. Quantitative real-time PCR assays showed that EsJNK was expressed in all the tissues examined, but it was relatively higher in hemocytes, muscles, and intestines. The expression of EsJNK mRNA in the hemocytes was upregulated by lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans, as well as by Staphylococcus aureus or Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. Functionally, after silencing EsJNK by siRNA in crabs, the expression levels of two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), namely, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor and crustin, were significantly inhibited. The purified recombinant EsJNK protein with His-tag accelerated the elimination of the aforementioned bacteria in vivo. However, knockdown of EsJNK had an opposite effect. These findings suggested that EsJNK might be involved in the antibacterial immune defense of crabs by regulating the transcription of AMPs.

The main contribution of the whole work proposes a hybrid network method integrating WSNs and crowd sensing, establishes a hybrid model and designs the hybrid mechanism. To solve the high cost, low coverage and inflexible expansion of traditional wireless sensor network, the crowd sensing technology is introduced in WSNs. The maximum network life cycle and minimizing energy utilization is derived on the basis of truncated power-law working principle of hybrid mechanism. Simulation results show that hybrid network can effectively save energy and prolong network lifetime.

The as-synthesized (TBA)8H5[Nd(SiW11O39)2] manifested high catalytic activity for cyanosilylation of ketones, and its catalytic activity could be improved further through rational design of the reaction micro-environment beyond the molecular level, and the corresponding mechanism has been systematically studied.

A pure inorganic 2D network molybdophosphate, [Mn3 Mo12 O24 (OH)6 (HPO3 )8 (H2 O)6 ]4- (1 a), synthesized through microwave irradiation with the existence of Mn2+ and organic cations and isolated as [(CH3 )2 NH2 ]3 Na[Mn3 Mo12 O24 (OH)6 (HPO3 )8 (H2 O)6 ]⋅12 H2 O (1), is found to possess highly enhanced performance in lithium-ion batteries' anode materials. The molecule shows multielectron redox properties suitable for producing anode materials with a specific capacity of 602 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 50 cycles in lithium-ion batteries, although its specific capacity is the highest among all the reported pure inorganic 2D polyoxometalates to date, the cyclic stability is not that satisfactory. A hybrid nanocomposite of this 2D network and polypyrrole cations effectively reduces the capacity fading in initial cycles, and increases the stability and improves the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries as well.

The purpose of this study is to establish a mouse model of transthyretin (TTR) Gly83Arg gene mutation by the technique of gene targeting for research on hereditary vitreous amyloidosis (HVA) and to confirm whether this point mutation is a genetic feature of HVA. A vector (pBR322-MK-TTR) was constructed to target ES cells. The successfully transfected ES cells were used for blastocyst injection, thus generating F0. F0 and Flp mice were mated to generate F1 (TTR +/−, Flp +/−) mice that lacked the neo gene but carried the Flp gene. F1 mice were mated with C57BL/6N wild type mice to generate F2 (TTR +/−) mice. F3 homozygous and heterozygous mice were generated by mating F2 mice with each other. PCR and sequencing were performed for F3 mice. Amyloid was detected using Congo red stain and polarized light. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TTR in the tissues. Quantitative fluorescent PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of TTR mRNA and TTR protein, respectively. Two F0-generation, 2 F1-generation and 15 F3-generation mice were obtained. The gene sequencing of F3 mice showed TTR Gly83Arg mutation. When examined with Congo red and polarized light, the vitreous of TTR Gly83Arg mutant mice tested positive for amyloid. The hearts, livers, brains and kidneys of the experimental group and control group were all negative by Congo red staining. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the vitreous of TTR Gly83Arg mutant mice and the livers of the control mice were positive, but the kidneys, hearts and brains of both groups were negative. Quantitative fluorescent PCR showed that the mRNA expression of mutant mice was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice (F = 0.295, P = 0.023). Western blotting showed that the expression of TTR protein was significantly lower in the model mice than in the wild-type mice (t = 3.224, P = 0.018). TTR gene mutation is indeed a molecular characteristic of HVA and manifest in the eye disease only. A C57BL/6 mouse line carrying the TTR Gly83Arg gene mutation was successfully established. This strain of mice can be used for the study of HVA.

It is of great interest in the development of reliable strategies for efficient adsorption and enrichment of drug residues in sample pretreatment. In this paper, urea-based porous organic polymers (UPOPs) were synthesized by the atom economic polymerization reaction of 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI) and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) under mild conditions. Inspired by the versatility of polydopamine (PDA) coating, the UPOPs were successfully decorated on PDA coated-magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA) via in situ catalyst-free polymerization to afford urea-functionalized porous organic polymers (Fe3O4@PDA@UPOPs). The synthesized adsorbents exhibited good stability, high hydrophicility, microporous and mesoporous structure. The applicability of Fe3O4@PDA@UPOPs was evaluated as effective adsorbents for the magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of fluoroquinolones (FQs) from food samples (milk, egg and chicken muscle). Combined with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis, the optimized method featured low adsorbents dosage (2 mg) and rapid extraction (2 min), which provided a wide linear range (0.1–200.0 ng/g, r ≥ 0.9991) and high sensitivity (LODs: 0.04–0.1 ng/g) for FQs determination. Furthermore, controllable magnetism enable the adsorbents could be easily recovered by external magnet and reused at least eight extraction cycles without decreasing the adsorption performance.

We report the preparation and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of three supramolecular self-assemblies based on perhydroxycucurbit[5]uril {(HO)10Q[5]}, Keggin-type heteropolyacids (HPAs), and potassium or barium cations. Crystallographic data revealed that all 3D self-assemblies are constructed by a stack of 2D layered structures composed of (HO)10Q[5]/K+ or (HO)10Q[5]/Ba2+ complexes cations and HPAs anions. Although there are differences in 2D layered structures, all the driving force comes from the outer surface interactions of (HO)10Q[5] including: (1) typical hydrogen bonding by hydroxyl groups and atypical hydrogen bonding by methylene on the outer surface of (HO)10Q[5]; (2) dipole interaction between the positively charged methylene or carbonyl carbon atoms of (HO)10Q[5] and the negatively charged oxygen atoms of the HPAs; (3) The electrostatic interaction between the (HO)10Q[5]/metal cations and the HPAs anions plays a main role in self-assembling.

The esterification reaction used to prepare butyl paraben (BP) and propyl gallate (PG) catalyzed using a cucurbit[6]uril-supported Keggin-type silicotungstic acid (Q[6]-STA) catalyst has been investigated. The Q[6]-STA catalyst has been characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, EDS, thermal analysis, and surface area studies. Q[6]-STA was easy to prepare in high yield and exhibited some advantageous properties, such as high catalytic activity and its convenient recovery. Moreover, a reusability study showed that the Q[6]-STA catalyst was stable and active.

A isoxazoline-[60]fullerene derivative has been prepared. Its complex with Zn-tetraporphyrin has been first evidenced by X-Ray diffraction. The solutions studies of the complex show its high stability and demonstrated the coordination have clear influence on the redox behavior of the components. The structure agrees also well with the theoretically calculated one.

The cluster of almost 60 protocadherin genes, divided into the α, β and γ subgroups, is a hallmark of vertebrate nervous system evolution. These clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs) are of interest for several reasons, one being the arrangement of the genes, which allows epigenetic regulation at the cluster and single-cell identity. Another reason is the still ambiguous effect of Pcdhs on cell-cell interaction. Unlike the case for classical cadherins, which typically mediate strong cell adhesion and formation of adherens junctions, it has been challenging to ascertain exactly how Pcdhs affect interacting cells. In some instances, Pcdhs appear to promote the association of membranes, while in other cases the Pcdhs are anti-adhesive and cause avoidance of interacting membranes. It is clear that Pcdh extracellular domains bind homophillically in an antiparallel conformation, typical of adhesive interactions. How can molecules that would seemingly bind cells together be able to promote the avoidance of membranes? It is possible that Pcdh trafficking will eventually provide insights into the role of these molecules at the cell surface. We have found that endogenous and expressed Pcdhs are generally less efficient at targeting to cell junctions and synapses than are classical cadherins. Instead, Pcdhs are prominently sequestered in the endolysosome system or other intracellular compartments. What role this trafficking plays in the unique mode of cell-cell interaction is a current topic of investigation. It is tempting to speculate that modulation of endocytosis and endolysosomal trafficking may be a part of the mechanism by which Pcdhs convert from adhesive to avoidance molecules.

HLA-B*40:01:45 differs from HLA-B*40:01:02 by a single nucleotide change in exon 1, 33 G > A (codon -14 CTG > CTA).

C25H28N6O7Zn, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.8073(19) Å, b = 11.350(3) Å, c = 15.515(4) Å, α = 95.006(2)°, β = 101.828(3)°, γ = 102.050(4)°, V = 1303.8(5) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0429, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1153, T = 153(2) K.

C24H24ClN7O8Zn, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.0834(7) Å, b = 10.8269(7) Å, c = 13.1958(8) Å, α = 77.658(5)°, β = 77.135(5)°, γ = 87.797(5)°, V = 1371.93(15) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0410, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1015, T = 105.6 K.

This paper presents an application of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) for the analysis of 27 &beta, blockers and metabolites in milk powder. Homogenized milk power samples were extracted by acetonitrile and purified by using Oasis PRiME HLB solid-phase extraction cartridges. The Ascentis&reg, C8 chromatographic column was used to separate the analytes. The quantification was achieved by using matrix-matched standard calibration curves with carazolol-d7 and propranolol-d7 as the internal standards. The results show an exceptional linear relationship with the concentrations of analytes over wide concentration ranges (0.5&ndash, 500 &mu, g kg&minus, 1) as all the fitting coefficients of determination r2 are &gt, 0.995. All the limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) values were within the respective range of 0.2&ndash, 1.5 &mu, 1 and 0.5&ndash, 5.0 &mu, 1. Overall average recoveries were able to reach 66.1&ndash, 100.4% with the intra- and inter-day variability under 10%. This method has been successfully applied to the screening of &beta, blockers and metabolites in commercial milk powders. At the same time, the corresponding characteristic fragmentation behavior of the 27 compounds was explored. The characteristic product ions were determined and applied to the actual samples screening.

Six new hybrids based on &beta, [Mo8O26]4&minus, polyoxometalates, [Ni(H2biim)3]2[&beta, Mo8O26]&bull, 8DMF(1), (DMA)2[M(H2biim)2(H2O)2][&beta, 4DMF (M = Ni (2), Co (3)), DMA = dimethyl-ammonium, H2biim=2,2&prime, biimidazole), [M(H2biim)(DMF)3]2[&beta, 2DMF (M = Zn (4), Cu (5)), [(DMA)2[Cu(DMF)4][&beta, 2DMF]n (6), have been successfully synthesized and characterized. Compounds 2&ndash, 5 show favorable capacity to adsorb methylene blue (MB) at room temperature, and they can selectively capture MB molecules from binary-mixture solutions of MB/MO (MO = Methyl Orange), or MB/RhB (RhB = Rhodamine B). Compound 3 can uptake up to 521.7 mg g&minus, 1 MB cationic dyes rapidly, which perform the maximum adsorption in an hour among the reported materials as far as we know. The compounds are stable and still work very efficiently after three cycles. For compound 3, the preliminary adsorption mechanism studies indicated that the adsorption is an ion exchange process and the adsorption behavior of polyoxometalate-complex can be benefited from additional exchangeable protons in the complex cations.

Background: The occurrence and development of atherosclerosis are closely related to shear stress on the endothelial cells. However, related molecular mechanisms of controlling mechanical signal transduction in endothelial cells remain largely unknown. Aim of the Study: To obtain this goal, here, a parallel-plate flow chamber was used to impose laminar shear stress (8.4 dyne/cm2 ) on endothelial cells for 0 minute (min), 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min. Subjects and Methods: The RNA interference was employed to down-regulate scavenger receptor class B1 (SRB1) and LY294002 was performed to block the phosphorylation status of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Then, the cell status was observed under the microscope, followed by detection of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p38, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 and the binding activities of activator protein 1, nuclear factorκB and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOs) by western blot. The results showed that shear stress (8.4 dyne/cm2 ) for 60 min induced obvious cell morphologic changes. Meanwhile, PI3K phosphorylation and eNOS expression were significantly increased by shear stress while reversed by SRB1 si-RNA and LY294002. Additionally, shear stress caused the enhanced binding activity of nuclear transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) to DNA from 10 to 120 min, while only at 30 and 60 min for NF-κB. After treatment with SRB1 si-RNA and LY294002 inhibitor, the binding activities of AP-1 and DNA was significantly decreased, however, there was no effect on NF-κB binding activity. Results: Therefore, SRB1 plays a crucial role in mediating shear stress-induced eNOS activation in endothelial cells via PI3K-AP1 pathway. These findings will provide an important understanding of shear stress-induced cell alterations in clinic detection

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor data are usually corrupted by the noise. Meanwhile, it is inevitable to face the problems of node energy in WSNs. For both of these questions, this paper proposes a data gathering method via compressed sensing combined with cross validation. In the proposed method, data gathering via CS can save and balance energy consumption of sensor nodes due to the features of CS, and CV technique is used to judge whether stable reconstruction have been obtained. This method is essentially an adaptive intelligent method. Unlike the existing methods, the proposed method does not need the knowledge of signal sparsity, noise information and/or regularization parameter while those knowledge is expensive to acquire, especially in adaptive systems. That is to say, the method proposed in this paper is not sensitive to signal sparsity, noise, regularization parameters and/or other information when it is used for WSNs data collection for noise case, but the existing methods rely heavily on the prior information. Experimental results show that the proposed data gathering method can obtain stable reconstruction results for noisy WSNs in the case of unknown signal sparsity, noise and/or regularization parameters.

C60H51N16O16Cl3Co2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 35.652(4) Å, b = 14.1314(16) Å, c = 25.141(3) Å, β = 105.113(2)°, V = 12228(3) Å3, Z = 8, R gt(F) = 0.0651, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1663, T = 103(2) K.

The microwave-driven synthesis of a heteropoly blue cluster yields a redox active cluster, [(HPO3)6Mo21O60(H2O)4]8−, templated by six phosphite anions whereby two phosphites template a tri-lucunary {Mo15} Dawson structure, and one templates a {Mo6} ring with two of the three remaining phosphites acting as bridging ligands connecting the ring to the {Mo15}.

C22H18N7O5Pb, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.7446(17) Å, b = 16.914(3) Å, c = 17.726(3) Å, α = 72.451(6)°, β = 86.900(6)°, γ = 88.098(7)°, V = 2210.3(7) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0379, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0751, T = 153 K.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in the synthesis of metal oxides as important organic–inorganic compound precursors. A perovskite ABO3-type Co-based MOF [NH4][Co(HCOO)3] was synthesized from a simple mixture without any adjuvant. Porous Co3O4 microspheres are used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are obtained from [NH4][Co(HCOO)3] as a precursor through a pyrolysis process in air. The obtained pagoda cauliflower-shaped Co3O4 microspheres exhibit an excellent electrochemical performance.

To explore the effect of IL-8 on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ovarian cancer,which will provide experimental basis for revealing related molecular mechanism in malignant metastasis of ovarian cancer.The migration of ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 cells was explored with Real time label free cell analysis (RTCA) after treatment with recombinant human IL-8.SKOV3 cells were co-cultured with IL-8 for 48 h,proteins involved in EMT were investigated via Western blot to explore the effect of IL-8 on the activation of the EMT. Invasion of SKOV3 cells after treatment with IL-8 were evaluated by transwell assay.According to the results of RTCA,after treatment with IL-8 for 48 h,the migration of SKOV3 cells was in platform phase. The treatment of IL-8 unregulated vimentin and snail and downregulated E-cadherin,which suggested that IL-8 induced EMT in ovarian cancer. The results of transwell test showed that invasive ability of IL-8 pretreated SKOV3 cells was enhanced (IL-8 can induce the EMT of ovarian cancer and enhance the invasion and migration of ovarian cancer.

The granular computing model is a very important model in data mining. Seven kinds of models have been proposed for the covering granular computing model. Among these models, the third kind of models was considered to be more reasonable model. However, there are not many solutions to attribute reduction based on the third kind of covering models. Aiming at the third kind of covering granular computing models, this paper discusses the concepts of covering related families and simplified covering related families, and gives a simplified calculation method for covering related families, and then calculates all attribute reductions from the simplified covering related families. Then, a heuristic method of attribute reduction is discussed. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by an example, which provides a new method for attribute reduction in data mining.

Covering generalized rough sets model is an important extension of granular computing model based on rough sets. Based on the definition of different cover upper approximations, seven classes of coverage models are generated. The definition of original cover reduction is only suitable for partial covering model. In this paper, four kinds of cover reduction definitions are proposed, and the relation between the classes of covering reduction and the corresponding cover upper approximations is studied, and the computing method of N-reduction is given in detail. The reduction of a covering also provides a technique for data reduction in data mining.

The cadmium(II) complexes [CdL1(m-nba)2] (1), [CdL1(p-nba)2]·C2H5OH (2), [CdL2(p-nba)2]·CH3OH (3), and [CdL2(p-nbat)2] (4) containing the ligands L1 and L2 [L1 = 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine, L2 = bis(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine] were synthesized and characterized (m-nba, p-nba, and p-nbat are the anions of p-nitrobenzoic acid, m-nitrobenzoic acid, and p-nitrobenzeneacetic acid, respectively). The complexes were investigated by X-ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis as well as IR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compounds 1–3 contain a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal coordination sphere with CdII coordinated by two carboxylate ligands in bidentate-chelating mode, whereas complex 4 exhibits a distorted octahedral arrangement with one carboxylate ligand in bidentate-chelating and the other in monodentate coordination mode. 1 and 2 form a 1D chain interplayed by hydrogen bonding and strong π–π stacking interactions. 3 and 4 vary from 1D chain into 2D single-layer and double-layer networks because of more extensive hydrogen bonding interactions. The complexes show emission maxima in the blue region in the solid state and emission bands are red-shifted compared to those of the free ligands.

This paper describes the development of a colorimetric and fluorescent cyanide probe based on crosslinked polymer microspheres functionalized with a protonated merocyanine. The functionalised microspheres were prepared by free radical polymerization using 4-((E)-2-[(4-hydroxylphenyl) ethenyl-1-allyl pyridinium bromide as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker, and azobisisobutylnitrile as the radical initiator. Upon introducing CN – to a suspension of the functionalised microspheres in ethanol/H 2 O (9:1, v/v), a change from yellow to red and a decrease in fluorescence intensity at 497 nm were immediately observed. This CN – probe can be reversed many times, which is cost efficient and beneficial to the environment. Analytical application of the functionlised microspheres to measure CN – concentration in spiked water samples was explored with good recoveries. Thus, the colorimetric and fluorescent CN − probe has high potential for the ultrasensitive detection of CN − in real samples.

This study aimed to develop a recyclable, fluorescent, and colorimetric sensor for fluoride anion (F−) in aqueous media with fast response, good selectivity, and high sensitivity. A crosslinked polymer CpA1T5 was designed and synthesized as a sensor using (E)-1-allyl-4-((4-hydroxylphenyl)vinyl) quinolinium bromide as functional monomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as crosslinker, and azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. When F− was introduced to the CpA1T5 suspension in deionized water, a change in color from gray to yellow and fluorescence enhancement accompanied with a redshift from 531 nm to 540 nm of fluorescence emission were immediately observed. This F− sensor can be recycled many times, making it cost efficient and beneficial to the environment. Analytical application of CpA1T5 to measure F− concentration in two commercial mouthwash samples was explored with good accuracy.