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BackgroundThe objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of pediatric echocardiography clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.MethodsA data set including pediatric echocardiography clinical trials was downloaded from ClinicalTrials.gov until May 13, 2022. We searched the PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Embase databases to extract publication data. Pediatric echocardiography trial characteristics, application areas, and publication status were described. The secondary objectives were to evaluate factors associated with trial publication.ResultsWe identified 410 pediatric echocardiography reporting definite age, of which 246 were interventional and 146 were observational. Drug interventions were the most commonly studied (32.9%). The most applied area of pediatric echocardiography was congenital heart disease, followed by hemodynamics of preterm or neonatal infants, cardiomyopathy, inflammatory heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, and cardio-oncology. According to the primary completion data, 54.9% of the trials were completed before August 2020. 34.2% of the trials had been published within 24 months. Union countries and quadruple masking were more likely to be published.ConclusionEchocardiography is rapidly evolving in pediatric clinical applications, including anatomic imaging and functional imaging. Novel speckle tracking techniques have also been pivotal in the assessment of cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction. A small number of clinical trials in pediatric echocardiography are published in a timely fashion. Concerted efforts are needed to promote trial transparency.

The regulatory mechanisms that govern sex differentiation in sturgeon are still poorly understood. The doublesex and Mab-3-related transcription factor (Dmrt) gene family is known for its extensive roles in sex determination and differentiation across vertebrates. This study aimed to identify new members of sturgeon Dmrt family genes and core actors in the gonadal differentiation of Amur sturgeon. A full-length gonad transcriptome database was exploited to identify Dmrt gene orthologs. Analyses of phylogenetic relationships and selection pressure were performed, and tissue expression profiles and spatiotemporal expression patterns in gonads were then analyzed using real-time PCR. In total, five Dmrt family genes were identified from the full-length gonad transcriptome, including Dmrt2, DmrtA1, DmrtA2, DmrtB1a and DmrtB1b. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes were clustered into clades corresponding to the doublesex/Mav-3 (DM) genes of vertebrates. Furthermore, the analysis of evolutionary selective pressure indicated that DmrtB1a and DmrtB1b were subject to positive selection, suggesting the existence of adaptive evolution in sturgeon. The extensive tissues expression profiling of each Dmrt family gene revealed typical characteristics. Remarkably, according to a spatiotemporal expression pattern analysis, DmrtA1 and DmrtA2 were predominantly distributed in undifferentiated gonads (UGs) and developing ovaries, whereas DmrtB1b showed the lowest expression in UGs. In later stages, DmrtB1b expression continuously increased in testes and was significantly higher in testes than in ovaries at 24 months after hatching (M) and 36M, which strongly suggests that DmrtB1b is a core regulatory factor involved in sexual differentiation in sturgeon. This study provides a genetic resource of full-length Dmrt family genes and increases the understanding of Dmrt functions in sex differentiation in sturgeon.

Background: To investigate the association between sex and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods: Infants born at our hospital and transferred to the neonatal department within 1 hour were retrospectively analyzed. Depending on whether they developed NRDS during their hospital stay, the infants was divided into NRDS and non-NRDS groups. There were 142 infants in the NRDS group (95 males and 47 females) and 310 infants in the non-NRDS group (180 males and 140 females). The infants’ data on gestational age, sex, birth weight, white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin M (IgM), gestational diabetes mellitus(GD), antenatal steroids use, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and preterm premature rupture of membranes(PPROM）were gathered. Results: 452 infant (265 males and 187 females) were involved for the purpose of collecting basic characteristic. Multivariate analysis, males had a 1.87 times higher risk of NRDS than females (PConclusions: Sex was associated with NRDS; males had a considerably higher risk of NRDS than females.

A comprehensive overview is presented to summarize the research works since 1982 on oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), a complex reaction network combining heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction steps. Fundamentals on reaction mechanisms and thermodynamics have revealed that the OCM process is highly exothermic and its C2+ selectivity and yield is critical in evaluating its commercial viability. Catalytic strategies have been put to enhance C2+ selectivity, improve C2+ yield and lower reaction temperature. The catalyst Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2 enables methane activation at a temperature of 800 °C and simultaneously a high C2+ selectivity of 70–80%, while the nanowire and La2O3-based catalysts enable to lower the reaction temperature to 200–300 °C and 500 °C, respectively. Reaction engineering aspects have also been dealt in many investigations in order to make the process technically feasible. Particularly, research works on reaction kinetics, reactor selection and reactor operating mode choice have been addressed. Intermediate cooling and distributed oxygen feed have been integrated into a multi-stage adiabatic fixed-bed reactor system to suppress the side oxidation reactions and improve the performance of the catalysts towards CH4 conversion and C2+ yield. This review paper proposes employing a circulating reactor system coupled with catalyst fine particles but having little internal diffusion resistance to maximize one-pass C2+ selectivity and yield of the OCM reaction and evaluate its industrial application potential.

Study background objectivesCancer poses a significant health concern as it is incurable. Every year, research on how to treat and eradicate this chronic condition is done. This systematic review will unmask the recent developments concerning highly active 1C metabolism with regard to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance. The significance of this study is rolling out evidence-based evidence on the importance of one-carbon metabolism in cancer diagnosis and treatment. MethodsEight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were reviewed from five electronic databases – EMBASE, Scopus Review, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed. Outcomes from the eight studies were analyzed to paint a picture of the topic in question. While the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis’ (PRISMA) protocol guided the initial literature search, The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach informed quality assessments of the eligible studies.ConclusionSince its emergence in the 1980s, 1C metabolism has been investigated and broadened to capture essential aspects of cancer treatment, diagnosis, and drug resistance. The review found that metabolites like folic acid could be used to detect different types of cancer. The metabolic pathways could induce tumorigenesis and DNA methylation, hence drug resistance.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com/projects/, identifier INPLASY2022110099.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been considered as an excellent orthopedic implant material due to its similar elastic modulus to that of human bones. However, many obstacles including the bio-inertness nature and inferior osteoconduction of PEEK limit its wide applications in clinics. Nano hydroxyapatite (HA) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) were incorporated into PEEK to fabricate HA/ZrO2/PEEK biocomposites. The result of wettability of these biocomposites showed that the introduction of the ZrO2 and HA nanoparticles in PEEK could enhance its hydrophilic property at 1–2% HA and 1–5% ZrO2 concentrations. The biotribological properties and bioactivity of PEEK and HA/ZrO2/PEEK biocomposites were investigated in detail. The friction coefficient of these biocomposites increased with the increase of frequency and their wear width increased obviously with the increase of load. Biological and tribological experiments indicated that bovine serum possessed the best lubrication performance, and the 1%HA–1%ZrO2 and 2%HA–5%ZrO2 samples exhibited the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate. Then, the in vitro tests demonstrated that the HA/ZrO2/PEEK biocomposites exhibited improved cell activity and alkaline phosphatase activity than pure PEEK, and both 1%HA/1%ZrO2/PEEK and 2%HA/5%ZrO2/PEEK biocomposite samples could better promote bone calcification. The PEEK biocomposite with 2 wt% HA and 5 wt% ZrO2 nanoparticles exhibited the best tribological properties and bioactivity, which could be expected to develop a kind of potential medical material for practical clinical applications.

The type and content of fatty aldehydes is an important index to evaluate the quality of vegetable oil. In this paper, the formation of aliphatic aldehydes in four vegetable oils was investigated by simulating different frying temperatures and durations. The generated aliphatic aldehydes were analyzed by optimizing HPLC–MS/MS detection conditions using 2,4-dinitrobenzene hydrazine as the derivatizing reagent and p-toluenesulfonic acid as the catalyst. The linearity, detection limit recovery, and repeatability of the method were investigated. The detection results showed that the content of aliphatic aldehyde increased by dozens of times during the high-temperature frying process compared with fresh vegetable oils. This method identified differences in the formation of aliphatic aldehydes in vegetable oils and provides an option to identify waste vegetable oils by evaluating the changes in aliphatic aldehyde content.

Waste sorting is an important aspect of environmental protection, which is now being enforced on a large scale in China. More broadly, it is beneficial to improve the implementation strategies for waste sorting policy and programmes. This study analyses the psychology of consumers that influences the mechanisms of consumer waste sorting and the governmental policies influencing consumers’ attitudes and behaviours. About 295 validated participants were collected from four regions of China. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship among consumers’ internal motivation, government’s external publicity and consumer behaviour, and the Hayes’ PROCESS macro was used to test mediating effect and moderating effect. The results show that consumers’ internal motivation and government’s external publicity have a positive effect on consumer behaviour. Consumer attitude played a complete mediating role between consumers’ internal motivation and consumer behaviour. Between the government’s external publicity and consumer behaviour, consumer attitude played a complementary mediating role. Consumers with self-transcendence values, positive motivation of waste sorting and the government’s external publicity had a greater positive impact on their attitudes than consumers with self-enhancement values. The greater the material benefits and psychic income consumers received from waste sorting, the more it promoted a positive attitude to consumer behaviour. The article puts forward some management suggestions to improve the government’s implementation of its waste sorting policy.

Perfluoronaphthenes, with inert chemical and biological properties and ability to dissolve large amounts of oxygen, have received the most attention in medical applications. However, the excessive anion contained may cause some side effects. Herein, liquid–liquid extraction technique with shaking and ultrasonic extraction was used for the trace analysis of five anions (F−, Cl−, NO3−, PO43−, SO42−) in perfluorodecalin using water as green extractant. The optimum pretreatment technology and ion chromatography detection conditions were established. Good linearity was observed in each concentration range, and the linear correlation coefficient (R2) was better than 0.997. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of five anions from perfluorodecalin were 3.2, 5.5, 14.2, 23.2 and 29.5 μg/L, respectively. The established method with high sensitivity and accuracy has been successfully appliedfor the determination of five anions in three perfluorodecalin products, which provides a basis for further development of green detection and quality standard formulation in perfluorodecalin and other fluorocarbon solvents.

The present study is concerned with the buckling, vibration and sound transmission characteristics of the simply supported sandwich plate with trapezoidal corrugated core in thermal environment bas...

Au/XC-72 nanoparticles prepared via microwave-assisted polyol processes were used as the active materials for methimazole detection. The Au/XC-72 modified electrode shows an excellent catalytic activity toward oxidation of methimazole, the cyclic voltammetry of methimazole displays two pairs of well-defined, quasi-reversible redox peaks. The oxidation of methimazole on Au/XC-72 modified electrode is a diffusion-controlled and a one-electron transfer process. The fixed-potential amperometry technique was used for the determination of methimazole and a linear dependence of anodic current on methimazole concentration was obtained in the range of 19.9–100.91 μM.

This paper reports a type of highly sensitive temperature sensor utilizing AlN-on-Si resonators with coupled-beam structures of double- and triple-ended-tuning-fork (D/TETF). For both resonators, the out-of-plane flexural mode is adopted as it favors the effect of thermal mismatch between the composite layers inherent to the AlN-on-Si structure and thus helps attain a large temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF). The analytical model to calculate TCF values of D/TETF AlN-on-Si resonators is provided, which agrees well with the finite-element simulation and experimental results. The resonant temperature sensor is built by closing the loop of the AlN-on-Si resonator, a transimpedance amplifier, a low-pass filter, and a phase shifter to form an oscillator, the output frequency of which shifts proportionally to the ambient temperature. The measured sensitivities of the temperature sensors using D/TETF resonators are better than -1000 ppm/°C in the temperature range of 25°C~60°C, showing great potential to fulfill the on-chip temperature compensation scheme for cofabricated sensors.

Objective: The perspective of real-world study is especially relevant to newborns, enabling dosage regimen optimization and regulatory approval of medications for use in newborns. The aim of the present study was to conduct a pharmacokinetic analysis of cefotaxime and evaluate the dosage used in newborns with early-onset sepsis (EOS) using real-world data in order to support the rational use in the clinical practice.Methods: This prospective, open-label study was performed in newborns with EOS. A developmental pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of cefotaxime in EOS patients was established based on an opportunistic sampling method. Then, clinical evaluation of cefotaxime was conducted in newborns with EOS using real-world data.Results: A one-compartment model with first-order elimination was developed, using 101 cefotaxime concentrations derived from 51 neonates (30.1–41.3°C weeks postmenstrual age), combining current weight and postnatal age. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target was defined as the free cefotaxime concentration above MIC during 70% of the dosing interval (70% fT > MIC), and 100% of neonates receiving the dose of 50 mg/kg, BID attained the target evaluated using the model. Additionally, only two newborns had adverse reactions possibly related to cefotaxime treatment, including diarrhea and feeding intolerance.Conclusion: This prospective real-world study demonstrated that cefotaxime (50 mg/kg, BID) had a favorable efficacy and an accepted safety profile for neonates with EOS.

Rapid Auger recombination represents an important challenge faced by quasi-2D perovskites, which induces resulting perovskite light-emitting diodes’ (PeLEDs) efficiency roll-off. In principle, Auger recombination rate is proportional to materials’ exciton binding energy (Eb). Thus, Auger recombination can be suppressed by reducing the corresponding materials’ Eb. Here, a polar molecule, p-fluorophenethylammonium, is employed to generate quasi-2D perovskites with reduced Eb. Recombination kinetics reveal the Auger recombination rate does decrease to one-order-of magnitude lower compared to its PEA+ analogues. After effective passivation, nonradiative recombination is greatly suppressed, which enables resulting films to exhibit outstanding photoluminescence quantum yields in a broad range of excitation density. We herein demonstrate the very efficient PeLEDs with a peak external quantum efficiency of 20.36%. More importantly, devices exhibit a record luminance of 82,480 cd m−2 due to the suppressed efficiency roll-off, which represent one of the brightest visible PeLEDs yet., Designing efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes remains a challenge due to the strong Auger recombination and resulting Joule heating. Here, the authors propose polarizable p-fluorophenethylammonium to generate quasi-2D perovskites with reduced binding energy developing perovskite light-emitting diodes with a peak EQE of 20.36% and a maximum luminance of 82,480 cdm-2.

In order to take advantage of both immunotherapeutic and metabolic antitumor agents, novel dual indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitors were designed. Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a main ROS modulator within CRC cells. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is crucial controller for tryptophan (Trp) metabolism that is also important for CRC immunotherapy. Herein, ten compounds 12a-j containing hydroxyamidine scaffold were designed, synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activities against IDO1/TrxR1 enzyme and CRC cells. Among these compounds, the most active compound 12d (ZC0109) showed excellent and balanced activity against both IDO1 (IC

To investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the postharvest physiology and storage quality of Lycium barbarum, fruits were treated with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which was used as NO donor. Results showed that SNP soaked at 0.6 mmol/L for 20 min could inhibit the changes during storage of L. barbarum. Particularly, the decay rate and weight loss rate were reduced, and the quality parameters of the fruit were increased. By comparing the above indicators, it was found that 0.6 mmol/L soaking for 20 min was more effective in preserving freshness than other concentrations. It was found that total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were increased, soluble solids and solid acid ratio contents were decreased, ascorbic acid, total phenols and flavonoids contents were increased, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2-), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were increased. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities were decreased, and it was concluded that NO treatment improved the freshness of L. barbarum fruit and NO could be used as a postharvest preservative for L. barbarum fruit.

Human emotions are an important part in daily life. In this paper, a novel multilayer network-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model is proposed for emotion recognition, from multi-channel nonlinear EEG signals. Firstly, in response to the multi-rhythm properties of brain, a multilayer brain network with five rhythm-based layers are derived, where each layer can pertinently describe one specific frequency band. Subsequently, a novel CNN model is carefully designed, which uses the multilayer brain network as input and allows deep learning of the classifiable nonlinear features from the channel and frequency views. Moreover, one DenseNet model is developed as another branch to study time-domain nonlinear features from the EEG signals. All the learned features are eventually concatenated together for emotion recognition. Publicly available SEED dataset is used to test the proposed method, and it shows good results on all 15 subjects, with average accuracy of 91.31%. Our method builds a bridge between the multilayer network and deep learning, suggesting an effective approach for analyzing multivariate nonlinear time series, especially multi-channel EEG signals.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs have been proven to play an important role in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the function of small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) in AD progression remains to be studied. Objective: To explore the role of SNHG1 in AD progression and clarify its potential mechanism. Methods: Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) was used to construct an AD cell model in vitro. The expression levels of SNHG1 and miR-361-3p were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by cell counting kit 8 assay and flow cytometry. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins and zinc finger gene 217 (ZNF217) protein were evaluated by western blot analysis. Additionally, the contents of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to verify the interaction between miR-361-3p and SNHG1 or ZNF217. Results: Aβ could induce cell injury, while resveratrol could reverse this effect. SNHG1 expression was positively regulated by Aβ and negatively regulated by resveratrol. SNHG1 knockdown could reverse the promotion effect of Aβ on cell injury. Moreover, SNHG1 sponged miR-361-3p, and miR-361-3p targeted ZNF217. Additionally, miR-361-3p overexpression reversed the promotion effect of SNHG1 overexpression on cell injury, and ZNF217 silencing also reversed the promotion effect of miR-361-3p inhibitor on cell injury. Conclusion: SNHG1 promoted cell injury by regulating the miR-361-3p/ZNF217 axis, which might provide a theoretical basis for molecular therapy of AD.

Methylene blue (MB) is commonly used in aquaculture as a fungicide and antidotes. This study was designed to explore the pharmacokinetics of MB in Japanese eel (Anguilla Japonica) immersed in 10 mg L−1 and 20 mg L−1 MB for 0.5 h. The concentrations of MB and its derivatives in the blood, liver, kidney, skin and muscle were determined by HPLC after immersion. The results showed that the changes of drug concentrations in Japanese eel were basically the same in different dose groups, showing a general trend of increasing at first and then decreasing, but the peak time was slightly different. The peak concentration of the drug was positively correlated with the dose level. The peak concentrations of MB in MB (20 mg L−1) group, MB, azure A and azure B in the tissues of Japanese eel were significantly higher than those in MB (10 mg L−1) group. Moreover, MB, azure A and azure B remained for a long time and could still be detected at 64 days, and azure C was not detected in tissues.

Fragments of four candidate reference genes of Aphelenchoides besseyi, including actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ubiquitin conjugating-3 enzyme (UBC) and alpha-tubulin (α-tubulin) were cloned from the transcriptome database of A. besseyi. The expression level of these four candidate reference genes and a commonly used reference gene of A. besseyi (18S rRNA) in three experimental conditions, including the four life stages (female, male, juvenile and egg) of two populations and the mixed-stage nematodes of four populations with different origins and hosts were analyzed by RT-qPCR. The expression stability of the five candidate reference genes under the three experimental conditions was analyzed by ΔCt, geNorm, NormFinder and RefFinder respectively. The analysis results of ΔCt, geNorm, NormFinder and RefFinder all indicated that UBC was the gene with the highest average ranking of stability. In conclusion, the expression stability of UBC was optimal under the three experimental conditions, indicating that UBC could be used as a suitable reference gene instead of 18S rRNA in the RT-qPCR analysis for A. besseyi.

Understanding complex pore structures is important for evaluating tight oil reservoir performance and predicting favorable pore structure. However, quantitative characterization of pore structure in tight sandstones by combining different methods is still poorly understood. Using the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, China as a case study, we first introduce a new method to quantitatively characterize full-range pore-throat size distribution (PSD) through multifractal dimension analysis of integrated pressure-controlled porosimetry (PCP) and rate-controlled porosimetry (RCP). Second, we propose a technique using helium porosity and nitrogen permeability to obtain multifractal dimensions in an attempt to predict favorable pore structure in tight oil reservoirs. In the new method of obtaining full-range PSD, PCP and RCP data were merged at various positions instead of the same position for each sample. Multifractal dimension curves derived from full-range pores are divided into four segments as D₁, D₂, D₃, and D₄, corresponding to the fractal characteristics of large pores, large pore throats, small pores, and small pore throats, respectively. Among them, the fractal dimension D₂ of large pore throats and D₄ of small pore throats from the combination of PCP and RCP significantly control petrophysical properties (porosity and permeability). The multifractal dimensions obtained using porosity and permeability data input through a back-propagation (BP) neural network method show that the relatively large D₂ and the relatively small D₄ correspond to favorable pore structure and good reservoir quality. The results of this research significantly improve our understanding of complex pore characteristics and prediction of favorable pore structure in tight reservoirs, thus enhancing hydrocarbon exploration and production.

Purpose Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by accumulation of amyloid β peptides. MicroRNAs have been identified as significant regulators and therapeutic targets of Alzheimer's disease. However, the roles of miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p and their mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease progression remain largely unknown. Materials and methods Amyloid β-treated SH-SY5Y cells were used to study Alzheimer's disease progression in vitro. Transfection was conducted into SH-SY5Y cells using Lipofectamine 2000. The expression levels of miR-16-5p, miR-19b-3p and beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR or western blot, respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected in amyloid β-treated SH-SY5Y cells by MTT or flow cytometry, respectively. The interaction between BACE1 and miR-16-5p or miR-19b-3p was explored by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation analyses. Results The expression levels of miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p were reduced but BACE1 protein expression was enhanced in SH-SY5Y cells after treatment of amyloid β. Overexpression of miR-16-5p or miR-19b-3p attenuated amyloid β-induced viability inhibition and apoptosis promotion in SH-SY5Y cells, while their knockdown exacerbated amyloid β-induced injury. BACE1 was confirmed as a target of miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p and its overexpression aggravated amyloid β-induced loss of viability and production of apoptosis, while its depletion caused an opposite effect. Moreover, upregulation of BACE1 alleviated the regulatory effects of miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p on amyloid β-induced injury. Conclusion MiR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p relieved amyloid β-induced injury by targeting BACE1 in SH-SY5Y cells, indicating miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p as protective agents for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.