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Humans are significantly impacting ecosystems worldwide. Scientists of the IPBES Global Assessment are therefore calling for a transformative change that includes all aspects of society in order to address drivers of biodiversity loss. However, these calls are rather abstract, and thus it remains unclear how this goal can be achieved.    With this conceptual contribution, we present an analytical framework for evaluating existing processes of societal change which are enhancing biodiversity, and we illustrate its application using three case studies in Germany. We argue that an empirical analysis provides insights into the causal mechanisms that initiate or promote change processes. In doing so, we can draw recommendations for future transformative change processes with regard to biodiversity conservation. In our analysis, we are dealing with questions concerning the following three areas: the drivers and context of societal change processes, the change processes themselves and finally their impacts.    Subsequently, we generate recommendations on how to enhance and support the process of future societal transformation that aims at biodiversity conservation: (a) Retaining co-benefits for biodiversity with goals that are primarily focussing on other objectives; (b) harmonising biodiversity use and conservation by turning conflicts into drivers of transformation; (c) prioritising biodiversity conservation by taking advantage of windows of opportunity.    With our conceptual framework, we provide an analytical tool to learn from existing processes of societal change how to support future transformative change. This is an important step that contributes to the generation of relevant knowledge of promoting transformative change for nature and people.

The synthesis and characterization of twin monomers [Ti(OCH2-2-MeO-C6H4)4(HOCH2-2-MeO-C6H4)]2 (3) and [Al(OCH2-2-MeO-C6H4)3]4 (5) by reacting HOCH2-2-MeO-C6H4 (1) with Ti(OiPr)4 (2), or 1 with AlMe3 (4) is discussed. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis of 3 shows a dimeric structure with two alkoxide ligands bridging the titanium ions, while the others are terminal bonded. The respective phenolic resin / metal oxide hybrid materials HM_Ti and HM_Al were obtained in moderate (HM_Ti) to excellent (HM_Al) yields using typical base-catalyzed twin polymerization conditions (230 °C, 2 h). Nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with energ-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy proved the formation of inorganic–organic hybrid materials consisting of resin and MxOy materials (HM_Ti, TiO2; HM_Al, Al2O3) containing interpenetrating phase nano-domains with sizes of < 5 nm, as is charcteristic for twin polymerization processes. Oxidation of HM_Ti and HM_Al yielded the respective oxide materials Ox_Ti (TiO2) and Ox_Al (Al2O3), which possess low surface areas of ABET = 53 m2/g and 76 m2/g, respectively.

"There are no scientifically justified obstacles to protecting biodiversity in all its beauty and diversity. There are only six years left to achieve the biodiversity targets by 2030. We must work together now to get there in time."In the 10 Must Knows from Biodiversity Science 2024, 64 scientists have further developed their well-founded and diverse findings and recommendations from the 10MustKnows22. The content of the ten selected key areas of the Earth-human system is supplemented by relevant publications from 2022 and 2023 and linked to the 23 global goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) adopted in December 2022. The authors are aware that the next six years until 2030 are essential for achieving an ecologically sustainable and socially just life on our planet in the medium and long term. With the 10MustKnows24, they want to actively contribute to accelerating the socio-ecological transformation by providing scientifically sound recommendations for politics and society.These are the 10MustKnows24: 1: Achieving climate and biodiversity protection together 2: Enabling a healthy life on a healthy planet 3: Considering undiscovered biodiversity 4: Linking linguistic, cultural and biological diversity 5: Harmonising the diverse use of forest ecosystems and biodiversity conservation 6: Transforming agricultural and food systems 7: Protecting land and resources 8: Releasing transformative change through international collaboration and Education for Sustainable Development 9: Ensuring free access and open use of biodiversity-related data 10: Reducing biodiversity impacts from food consumption

"Es gibt wissenschaftlich keine begründeten Hindernisse, die Biodiversität in ihrer Schönheit und Vielfalt zu schützen. Es bleiben nur noch sechs Jahre, um die Biodiversitätsziele bis 2030 zu erreichen. Dafür müssen wir jetzt gemeinsam anpacken."In den 10 Must-Knows aus der Biodiversitätsforschung 2024 haben 64 Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler ihre fundierten und vielseitigen Erkenntnisse und Empfehlungen aus den 10MustKnows22 weiterentwickelt. Die zehn ausgewählten Schlüsselbereiche des Erde-Mensch-Systems werden inhaltlich durch relevante Publikationen von 2022 und 2023 ergänzt und mit den im Dezember 2022 verabschiedeten 23 globalen Zielen des Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) verknüpft. Den Autorinnen und Autoren ist bewusst, dass die kommenden sechs Jahre bis 2030 wesentlich sind, um mittel- und langfristig ein ökologisch nachhaltiges und sozial gerechtes Leben auf unserer Erde zu erreichen. Mit den 10MustKnows24 möchten sie durch wissenschaftlich gesicherte Empfehlungen für Politik und Gesellschaft ihren aktiven Beitrag leisten, um die sozial-ökologische Transformation zu beschleunigen.Das sind die 10MustKnows24: 1. Klima- und Biodiversitätsschutz gemeinsam verwirklichen 2. Ein gesundes Leben auf einem gesunden Planeten ermöglichen 3. Unentdeckte Biodiversität beachten 4. Sprachliche, kulturelle und biologische Vielfalt verknüpfen 5. Vielfältige Nutzung von Waldökosystemen und Biodiversitätsschutz in Einklang bringen 6. Agrar- und Ernährungssysteme transformieren 7. Land und Ressourcen schützen 8. Transformativen Wandel durch internationale Zusammenarbeit und Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung bewirken 9. Freien Zugang und offene Nutzung von biodiversitätsbezogenen Daten sicherstellen 10. Auswirkungen des Lebensmittelkonsums auf die Biodiversität verringern

Twin monomers [Mg(2-OCH2-cC6H4O)][L]0.8 (2, L=diglyme) and [Mg(2-OCH2-cC6H4O)][L]0.66 (3, L=tmeda) form by their thermal polymerization interpenetrating organic-inorganic hybrid materials in a straightforward manner. Carbonization (Ar) followed by calcination gave porous MgO (2: surface area 200 m2g-1, 3: 400 m2g-1), which showed in catalytic studies towards Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reductions excellent yields and complete conversions for cyclohexanone and benzaldehyde. However, with crotonaldehyde a mixture of C4–C8 compounds was obtained. When MgO was exposed to air then primarily crotyl alcohol was formed. The range of applications could be easily extended by twin polymerization of 3 in presence of [Cu-(O2CCH2O(CH2CH2O)2Me)2] (4) or [Ag(O2CCH2-cC4H3S)(PPh3)] (5), resulting in the formation of nanoparticle-decorated porous CuO@MgO or Ag@MgO materials, which showed high catalytic reactivity towards the reduction of methylene blue.

Increasing pressure on land resources necessitates landscape management strategies that simultaneously deliver multiple benefits to numerous stakeholder groups with competing interests. Accordingly, we developed an approach that combines ecological data on all types of ecosystem services with information describing the ecosystem service priorities of multiple stakeholder groups. We identified landscape scenarios that maximize the overall ecosystem service supply relative to demand (multifunctionality) for the whole stakeholder community, while maintaining equitable distribution of ecosystem benefits across groups. For rural Germany, we show that the current landscape composition is close to optimal, and that most scenarios that maximize one or a few services increase inequities. This indicates that most major land-use changes proposed for Europe (for example, large-scale tree planting or agricultural intensification) could lead to social conflicts and reduced multifunctionality. However, moderate gains in multifunctionality (4%) and equity (1%) can be achieved by expanding and diversifying forests and de-intensifying grasslands. More broadly, our approach provides a tool for quantifying the social impact of land-use changes and could be applied widely to identify sustainable land-use transformations.