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This article reviews the literature on three aspects of memory: (1) an information processing model of memory (including the sensory register, attention, short-term memory, and long-term memory); (2) instructional strategies designed to enhance memory (which stress gaining students' attention and active involvement); and (3) reasons why individuals forget. (Contains extensive references.) (DB)

Scholastic and personal characteristics of students undertaking exit competency examinations are investigated. Research questions concerned: what the tests measure, whether the tests provide unique information or are duplicating other easily obtained measures, whether it is possible to increase the probability of student success by controlling early higher educational experiences, and whether a workable definition of competency can be inferred. Analysis was undertaken for 1,195 Kansas public university undergraduates who took the Pre-Professional Skills Tests in Math and English and the Nelson-Denny Reading Achievement Test. Information from transcripts was obtained on American College Testing Program scores, general education enrollment patterns, student classification, grade point average, and major. Based on multiple regression analysis, it was found that competency as defined by tests is a pure function of scholastic ability only at the extremes of the distribution, with personal factors manifesting increased importance in the definition of competency for the majority of the students involved. Included are suggested actions that can be taken by faculty, student service providers, and administrators in dealing with public demands for quality assurance. (SW)

Notes that number of school counselors are confused about issues of confidentiality. Discusses issues of privileged communication, confidentiality, and employer policies. Concludes with section on law, ethics, employer policy, and the counselor. Provides six recommendations for school counselors to use in their day-to-day practice to avoid conflict arising from moral, legal, or ethical transgressions. (NB)