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3,099 results on '"Mehndiratta"'

1. Effects of Wind Speed on Size-Dependent Morphology and Composition of Sea Spray Aerosols.

Author

Madawala, Chamika, Molina, Carolina, Kim, Deborah, Gamage, Dilini, Sun, Mengnan, Leibensperger, Raymond, Mehndiratta, Lincoln, Lee, Jennie, Kaluarachchi, Chathuri, Kimble, KeLa, Sandstrom, Greg, Harb, Charbel, Dinasquet, Julie, Malfatti, Francesca, Prather, Kimberly, Deane, Grant, Stokes, M, Lee, Christopher, Slade, Jonathan, Stone, Elizabeth, Grassian, Vicki, and Tivanski, Alexei

Abstract

Variable wind speeds over the ocean can have a significant impact on the formation mechanism and physical-chemical properties of sea spray aerosols (SSA), which in turn influence their climate-relevant impacts. Herein, for the first time, we investigate the effects of wind speed on size-dependent morphology and composition of individual nascent SSA generated from wind-wave interactions of natural seawater within a wind-wave channel as a function of size and their particle-to-particle variability. Filter-based thermal optical analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), AFM infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed in this regard. This study focuses on SSA with sizes within 0.04-1.8 μm generated at two wind speeds: 10 m/s, representing a wind lull scenario over the ocean, and 19 m/s, indicative of the wind speeds encountered in stormy conditions. Filter-based measurements revealed a reduction of the organic mass fraction as the wind speed increases. AFM imaging at 20% relative humidity of individual SSA identified six main morphologies: prism-like, rounded, core-shell, rod, rod inclusion core-shell, and aggregates. At 10 m/s, most SSA were rounded, while at 19 m/s, core-shells became predominant. Based on AFM-IR, rounded SSA at both wind speeds had similar composition, mainly composed of aliphatic and oxygenated species, whereas the shells of core-shells displayed more oxygenated organics at 19 m/s and more aliphatic organics at 10 m/s. Collectively, our observations can be attributed to the disruption of the sea surface microlayer film structure at higher wind speeds. The findings reveal a significant impact of wind speed on morphology and composition of SSA, which should be accounted for accurate assessment of their climate effects.

Published
2024

2. Suitability of CCA for Generating Latent State/ Variables in Multi-View Textual Data

Author

Mehndiratta, Akanksha and Asawa, Krishna

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

The probabilistic interpretation of Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) for learning low-dimensional real vectors, called as latent variables, has been exploited immensely in various fields. This study takes a step further by demonstrating the potential of CCA in discovering a latent state that captures the contextual information within the textual data under a two-view setting. The interpretation of CCA discussed in this study utilizes the multi-view nature of textual data, i.e. the consecutive sentences in a document or turns in a dyadic conversation, and has a strong theoretical foundation. Furthermore, this study proposes a model using CCA to perform the Automatic Short Answer Grading (ASAG) task. The empirical analysis confirms that the proposed model delivers competitive results and can even beat various sophisticated supervised techniques. The model is simple, linear, and adaptable and should be used as the baseline especially when labeled training data is scarce or nonexistent.

Published
2024

3. Identification of Sarcasm in Textual Data: A Comparative Study

Author

Mehndiratta Pulkit and Soni Devpriya

Subjects
machine learning, artificial neural networks, word embedding, text vectorization, accuracy, Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

Ever increasing penetration of the Internet in our lives has led to an enormous amount of multimedia content generation on the internet. Textual data contributes a major share towards data generated on the world wide web. Understanding people’s sentiment is an important aspect of natural language processing, but this opinion can be biased and incorrect, if people use sarcasm while commenting, posting status updates or reviewing any product or a movie. Thus, it is of utmost importance to detect sarcasm correctly and make a correct prediction about the people’s intentions.

Published
2019
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7. Visual Tracking Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Method for Autonomous Wind Turbine Inspection

Author

Amer, Abdelhakim, Mehndiratta, Mohit, Sejersen, Jonas le Fevre, Pham, Huy Xuan, and Kayacan, Erdal

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Automated visual inspection of on-and offshore wind turbines using aerial robots provides several benefits, namely, a safe working environment by circumventing the need for workers to be suspended high above the ground, reduced inspection time, preventive maintenance, and access to hard-to-reach areas. A novel nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) framework alongside a global wind turbine path planner is proposed to achieve distance-optimal coverage for wind turbine inspection. Unlike traditional MPC formulations, visual tracking NMPC (VT-NMPC) is designed to track an inspection surface, instead of a position and heading trajectory, thereby circumventing the need to provide an accurate predefined trajectory for the drone. An additional capability of the proposed VT-NMPC method is that by incorporating inspection requirements as visual tracking costs to minimize, it naturally achieves the inspection task successfully while respecting the physical constraints of the drone. Multiple simulation runs and real-world tests demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed automated inspection framework, which outperforms the traditional MPC designs, by providing full coverage of the target wind turbine blades as well as its robustness to changing wind conditions. The implementation codes are open-sourced., Comment: 8 pages, accepted for publication at ICAR conference

Published
2023

12. Applications and advancements of nanoparticle-based drug delivery in alleviating lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author

De Rubis, Gabriele, Paudel, Keshav Raj, Corrie, Leander, Mehndiratta, Samir, Patel, Vyoma K., Kumbhar, Popat S., Manjappa, Arehalli Sidramappa, Disouza, John, Patravale, Vandana, Gupta, Gaurav, Manandhar, Bikash, Rajput, Rashi, Robinson, Alexandra Kailie, Reyes, Ruby-Jean, Chakraborty, Amlan, Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar, Singh, Sachin Kumar, Oliver, Brian Gregory George, Hansbro, Philip Michael, and Dua, Kamal

Published
2024
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15. Duodenal obstruction: A rare complication of langerhans cell histiocytosis

Author

Vaishnavi Sreenivasan, Anmol Aatli, Saahiti Andhavaram, Apoorva Sharma, Rashmi Dandriyal, Shyam S. Meena, Nidhi Sugandhi, Sumit Mehndiratta, Nidhi Chopra, and Amitabh Singh

Subjects
Histiocytosis, Malnutrition, Gastrointestinal, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has a variable presentation. Gastrointestinal involvement is rare and portends a poor prognosis in LCH. Case report: Herein, we describe the presentation, progression, management, and outcome of an 11-month-old female infant with LCH. The patient presented with severe acute malnutrition, hepatosplenomegaly, and gastrointestinal involvement in the form of persistent vomiting. She was managed with chemotherapy initially and subsequently developed complete duodenal narrowing. She underwent Kimura's duodenojejunostomy and improved. Hence, chemotherapy was restarted. Two months later, she developed features of intestinal obstruction with intraoperative findings of ileal gangrene requiring adhesiolysis, ileal resection, and ileostomy. Subsequently, she succumbed to sepsis. Conclusion: This case report aims to highlight the atypical gastrointestinal manifestations of LCH and the challenges faced in managing such a case.

Published
2024
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16. Pre-analytical phase in clinical chemistry laboratory

Author

Neogi SS, Mehndiratta M, Gupta S, and Puri D

Subjects
Automation, Pre-analytical Errors, Patient Care, Quality Control, Quality Improvement, Medicine
Abstract

The laboratory testing process is divided into the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases. For obtaining reliable test results, the prevention and detection of errors at all steps is required. While analytical standards have been developed by recognized quality control criteria, there is a scarcity in the development of standards for the preanalytical phase. This phase is most prone to errors as the steps involved are directly dependent on humans and are out of direct control of the laboratory. Such errors in preanalytical stage often only become apparent in the analytical or post-analytical phase. The development of a pre-analytical quality manual is essential in achieving total quality control. Correct practices and strategies of error prevention can reduce preanalytical errors. This review focuses on prevention of pre-analytical errors that occur while collecting a specimen of blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. Most of these can be easily prevented with understanding and education of the personnel involved in and responsible for executing this crucial pre-analytical phase.

Published
2016
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17. Connecting the Dots: Unveiling the Power of Sensors in IoT

Author

Mehndiratta, Vandana, Gupta, Varuna, Garg, Aakansha, Chakravorty, Antorweep, Series Editor, Verma, Ajit Kumar, Series Editor, Bhattacharya, Pushpak, Series Editor, Pant, Millie, Series Editor, Ghosh, Shubha, Series Editor, Arya, Rajeev, editor, Sharma, Subhash Chander, editor, and Iyer, Brijesh, editor

Published
2024
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18. Building Smart Campuses: Integrating AI in Higher Education

Author

Tyagi, Swati, Gupta, Varuna, Mehndiratta, Vandana, Chakravorty, Antorweep, Series Editor, Verma, Ajit Kumar, Series Editor, Bhattacharya, Pushpak, Series Editor, Pant, Millie, Series Editor, Ghosh, Shubha, Series Editor, Arya, Rajeev, editor, Sharma, Subhash Chander, editor, and Iyer, Brijesh, editor

Published
2024
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19. Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles: A Review

Author

Mehndiratta, Tushar, Kumar, Rakesh, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Goyal, Sunil Kumar, editor, Palwalia, Dheeraj Kumar, editor, Tiwari, Rajiv, editor, and Gupta, Yeshpal, editor

Published
2024
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24. Current perspectives on the use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for treatment of acute ischemic stroke

Author

Chapman SN, Mehndiratta P, Johansen MC, McMurry TL, Johnston KC, Southerl, and AM

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Sherita N Chapman,1 Prachi Mehndiratta,1 Michelle C Johansen,1 Timothy L McMurry,2 Karen C Johnston,1,2 Andrew M Southerland1,2 1Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; 2Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA Abstract: In 1995, the NINDS (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) Stroke Study Group published the results of a large multicenter clinical trial demonstrating efficacy of intravenous tPA by revealing a 30% relative risk reduction (absolute risk reduction 11%–15%) compared with placebo at 90 days in the likelihood of having minimal or no disability. Since approval in 1996, tPA remains the only drug treatment for acute ischemic stroke approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Over the years, an abundance of research and clinical data has supported the safe and efficacious use of intravenous tPA in all eligible patients. Despite such supporting data, it remains substantially underutilized. Challenges to the utilization of tPA include narrow eligibility and treatment windows, risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, perceived lack of efficacy in certain high-risk subgroups, and a limited pool of neurological and stroke expertise in the community. With recent US census data suggesting annual stroke incidence will more than double by 2050, better education and consensus among both the medical and lay public are necessary to optimize the use of tPA for all eligible stroke patients. Ongoing and future research should continue to improve upon the efficacy of tPA through more rapid stroke diagnosis and treatment, refinement of advanced neuroimaging and stroke biomarkers, and successful demonstration of alternative means of reperfusion. Keywords: IV tPA, rtPA, t-PA, rt-PA, cerebrovascular disease, cerebrovascular accident

Published
2014

25. Effect of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Intake on Perioperative Hyperglycemia in Indian Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Fixation

Author

Evelyn Eliza Minz, Rashmi Salhotra, Asha Tyagi, Aditya N. Aggarwal, Mohit Mehndiratta, S. V. Madhu, Venu George Toppo, and Edelbert Anthonio Almeida

Subjects
blood glucose, carbohydrate loading, diet, enhanced postsurgical recovery, hip fractures, preoperative care/methods, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract

Objective: Preoperative fasting leads to a catabolic state aggravated by surgical stress. This leads to poor patient outcomes. This study aimed to determine the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate administration on perioperative hyperglycemia and patient comfort. Methods: This prospective, randomized study was conducted on 60 adult American Society of Anesthesiologist I/II patients undergoing hip fracture fixation after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance. Patients were randomly kept conventionally fasted before surgery (group F, n = 30) or were given oral carbohydrate 2 h before surgery (group C, n = 30). Under all aseptic precautions, a combined spinal epidural block was administered, and surgery was allowed. The primary outcome was blood glucose, and secondary outcomes included incidence of postoperative hyperglycemia, insulin level, blood urea, hunger, thirst, and anxiety. Results: Blood glucose levels were not statistically different between the two groups at baseline (T0; P=0.400), immediately after surgery (T1; P=0.399) and 24h after surgery (T2; P=0.619). The incidence of postoperative hyperglycemia was significantly higher in group F than in group C (P=0.045) at T2. Insulin levels, blood urea levels, and hunger scores were also not statistically different between the groups. The thirst and anxiety scores were lower at T0 and T1 in group C. Conclusion: Preoperative oral carbohydrate administration does not prevent perioperative increases in blood glucose levels. However, it reduces the incidence of perioperative hyperglycemia and decreases perioperative thirst and anxiety, thereby improving the quality of perioperative patient care.

Published
2024
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27. Establishing national hospital costing systems: insights from the qualitative assessment of cost surveillance pilot in Indian hospitals

Author

Shankar Prinja, Abha Mehndiratta, Yashika Chugh, Lorna Guinness, Deepshikha Sharma, Basant Garg, and Shuchita Sharma

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objective The Indian Government launched Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), the world’s largest health insurance scheme, in 2018. To reform pricing and gather evidence on healthcare costs, a hospital cost-surveillance pilot was initiated among PM-JAY empanelled hospitals. We analysed the process and challenges from both healthcare providers and payer agency’s perspectives and offer recommendations for implementing similar systems in lower- and middle-income countries.Design We employed an open-ended, descriptive and qualitative study design using in-depth interviews (IDI) as the data collection strategy.Settings The interviews were conducted in both virtual and face-to-face modes depending on the convenience of the participants. The IDIs for the National Health Authority (NHA) officials and all providers in Kerala were conducted virtually, while face-to-face interviews were conducted and in Haryana and Chhattisgarh.Participants Staff from 21 hospitals in three states (Haryana, Chhattisgarh and Kerala), including officials from State Health Agency (n=5) and NHA (n=3) were interviewed.Results The findings highlight significant challenges in reporting cost data at the hospital level. These include a shortage of trained staff, leading to difficulties in collecting comprehensive and high-quality data. Additionally, the data collection process is resource-intensive and time-consuming, putting strain on limited capacity. Operational issues with transaction management system, such as speed, user-friendliness and frequent page expirations, also pose obstacles. Finally, current patient records data has gaps, in terms of quantity and quality, to be directly put to use for pricing.Conclusion Accurate cost data is vital for health policy decisions. Capacity building across healthcare levels is needed for precise cost collection. Integration into digital infrastructure is key to avoid burdening providers and ensure quality data capture.

Published
2024
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28. Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase and Metallothionein 1A Expressions in Relation with Telomere Length in Healthy Individuals

Author

Parul Gupta, Mohit Mehndiratta, Edelbert Anthonio Almeida, Seema Garg

Subjects
Healthy individuals, hTERT, MT1A, Telomere length, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction: Telomere length (TL), the marker of cellular aging, is regulated by a reverse transcriptase complex that contains reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Oxidative stress (OS) generated by environmental and genetic reasons can alter the TL in the blood. Metallothionein (MT) is a metal-binding protein with a low molecular weight and a high cysteine content found in all eukaryotes. Studies using animal models have provided evidence supporting the antioxidant function of MT. Since TL and MT both can be altered by oxidative stress, the present study was conducted to find association between them. Methodology: A total of 40 healthy volunteers in the age group of 18-45 years were enrolled in the study. mRNA expression of hTERT and Metallothionein (MT1A) and estimation of telomere length (TL) was done by qPCR and compared. Result: Comparison of groups based on quartiles of TL (groups A-D) revealed an increased expression of hTERT in groups with shorter TL. Expression of MT1A was similar in these groups. Comparison of groups based on quartiles of ∆Ct of MT1A (Groups 1-4) revealed lower TLin groups with low expression of MT1A. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between mRNA expression of hTERT with TL (r = - 0.84, p =0.04) and a positive non-significant association between mRNAexpression of MT1Aand TL(r = 0.76, p = 0.2). Conclusion: Our study has documented an increase in expression of hTERT in groups with shorter TL in healthy individuals, reinforcing the role of hTERT in maintenance of telomeres. Caution needs to be maintained when comparing TL/hTERT expression in normal versus diseased individuals. Though our study has documented a possible link between MT1A and TL, the exact role of MT1A with regard to telomere biology needs to be elucidated further.

Published
2024
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30. Staphylococcus aureus phage types and their correlation to antibiotic resistance

Author

Mehndiratta P, Gur Renu, Saini Sanjeev, and Bhalla P

Subjects
Community acquired Staphylococcus aureus, phage typing, sensitivity to clindamycin, Pathology, RB1-214, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Context: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most devastating human pathogen. The organism has a differential ability to spread and cause outbreak of infections. Characterization of these strains is important to control the spread of infection in the hospitals as well as in the community. Aim: To identify the currently existing phage groups of Staphylococcus aureus, their prevalence and resistance to antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Study was undertaken on 252 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples. Strains were phage typed and their resistance to antibiotics was determined following standard microbiological procedures. Statistical Analysis: Chi square test was used to compare the antibiotic susceptibility between methicillin resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains. Results: Prevalence of MRSA and MSSA strains was found to be 29.36% and 70.65% respectively. Of these 17.56% of MRSA and 40.44% of MSSA strains were community acquired. All the MSSA strains belonging to phage type 81 from the community were sensitive to all the antibiotics tested including clindamycin and were resistant to penicillin. Forty five percent strains of phage group III and 39% of non-typable MRSA strains from the hospital were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Conclusion: The study revealed that predominant phage group amongst MRSA strains was phage group III and amongst MSSA from the community was phage group NA (phage type 81). MSSA strains isolated from the community differed significantly from hospital strains in their phage type and antibiotic susceptibility. A good correlation was observed between community acquired strains of phage type 81 and sensitivity to gentamycin and clindamycin.

Published
2010

33. Understanding the extent of economic evidence usage for informing policy decisions in the context of India’s national health insurance scheme: Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (PM-JAY)

Author

Shankar Prinja, Abha Mehndiratta, Akashdeep Singh Chauhan, Lorna Guinness, Deepshikha Sharma, Malkeet Singh, and Anamika Dhiman

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Introduction Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (PM-JAY) is one of the world’s largest tax-funded insurance schemes. The present study was conducted to understand the decision-making process around the evolution (and revision) of health benefit packages (HBPs) and reimbursement rates within PM-JAY, with a specific focus on assessing the extent of use of economic evidence and role of various stakeholders in shaping these policy decisions.Methods A mixed-methods study was adopted involving in-depth interviews with seven key stakeholders involved in HBP design and reimbursement rates decisions, and a survey of 80 government staff and other relevant stakeholders engaged in the implementation of PM-JAY. The data gathered were thematically analysed, and a coding framework was developed to explore specific themes. Additionally, publicly available documents were reviewed to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the decision-making processes.Results Findings reveal a progressive transition towards evidence-based practices for policy decisions within PM-JAY. The initial version of HBP relied heavily on key criteria like disease burden, utilisation rates, and out-of-pocket expenditures, along with clinical opinion in shaping decisions around the inclusion of services in the HBP and setting reimbursement rates. Revised HBPs were informed based on evidence from a national-level costing study and broader stakeholder consultations. The use of health economic evidence increased with each additional revision with consideration of health technology assessment (HTA) evidence for some packages and reimbursement rates based on empirical cost evidence in the most recent update. The establishment of the Health Financing and Technology Assessment unit further signifies the use of evidence-based policymaking within PM-JAY. However, challenges persist, notably with regard to staff capacity and understanding of HTA principles, necessitating ongoing education and training initiatives.Conclusion While substantial progress has been made in transitioning towards evidence-based practices within PM-JAY, sustained efforts and political commitment are required for the ongoing systematisation of processes.

Published
2024
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34. Higher oxidative stress and inflammation in obese compared to lean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Author

Mohit Mehndiratta, Edelbert Anthonio Almeida, Diwesh Chawla, S.V. Madhu, Seema Garg, and Rajarshi Kar

Subjects
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Inflammation, Lean, Obese, Oxidative stress, Medicine
Abstract

Aim: To compare mRNA [messenger RNA] expression of RELA, NFκB1, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 in whole blood & serum Total Antioxidant status [TAS] in newly diagnosed lean and obese patients with T2DM. Methods: Newly diagnosed treatment naïve patients of T2DM were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each, lean (BMI< 18.5 kg/m2) and obese (BMI >25 kg/m2) groups. mRNA expression of RELA, NFκB1, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 was measured by real time PCR. Serum TAS was measured using a commercially available kit. Results: There was a 2.7-fold increase in mRNA expression of RELA in obese group compared to the lean group. There was a 1.3-fold increase in mRNA expression of NFκB1, a 3.24-fold increase in mRNA expression of TNF-α, a 4.7-fold increase in mRNA expression of IL 6 and a 3.8-fold increase in mRNA expression of MCP-1 in obese group compared to the lean group. Mean fasting serum insulin levels were 16.07 ± 8.39 μIU/mL in the lean group and 27.11 ± 4.91μIU/mL in the obese group (p = 0.001). Mean TAS level was 5.39 ± 2.28 μM Trolox Equivalents in the obese group and 3.85 ± 3.33 μM Trolox Equivalents in the lean group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Inflammation and OS is higher in obese patients of T2DM compared to lean patients of T2DM. This could be the result of excess adipokines production or resistance to the anti-inflammatory effects of insulin with multiple explanations. Our study suggests a difference in the pathogenic mechanism in lean patients when compared with obese T2DM patients.

Published
2024
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35. Expression of hTERT and Lp-PLA(2) genes is increased in primary hypothyroidism.

Author

Seema Garg, Parul Gupta, Satyam Wahi, Mohit Mehndiratta, S.V. Madhu, Edelbert Almeida, and Rajarshi Kar

Subjects
Hypothyroidism, hTERT, Lp-PLA(2), Inflammation, Longevity, Telomere length, Medicine
Abstract

Objective: Sightly low serum free T4 levels are associated with longer life expectancy. However, hypothyroidism is associated with increased risk of inflammation and vascular complications. Therefore, relation of thyroid hormones (THs) with life expectancy seems to be complex. This study was carried out in an effort to understand the contribution of THs in inflammation and aging. Methodology: 15 cases of treatment naïve primary hypothyroidism and 15 age and sex matched euthyroid controls were recruited. mRNA expression of Telomerase (hTERT), leucocyte telomere length (LTL) and Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a marker of vascular inflammation and risk predictor of cardiovascular events were measured by qPCR in whole blood. Result: Expression of hTERT was found to be 6.95 times higher in the cases as compared to the controls. mRNA expression of Lp-PLA(2) was also 3.3 times higher in cases. LTL in euthyroid was approximately 81% of the length in hypothyroid patients. Conclusion: A higher expression of hTERT indicates that hypothyroidism confers better cell survival in peripheral leucocytes inspite of the presence of vascular inflammation. However causal relationship cannot be ascertained with these results.

Published
2024
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39. Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia – A remediable cause of refractory anemia: A case report

Author

Vaishnavi Sreenivasan, Apoorva Agarwal, Amitabh Singh, Sumit Mehndiratta, and Nidhi Chopra

Subjects
Anemia, Steroids, Skeletal, Hereditary, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Background: The cardinal features of Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia (GHDD) include severe myelopathic anemia with increased density of long bones with or without deformities. Early diagnosis helps in the institution of corticosteroid therapy, improving hematological parameters and bone changes. Case report: We report a 6-year-old girl of consanguineous birth who presented with progressive anemia and thrombocytopenia without bony deformities, lymphadenopathy, or organomegaly. The skeletal survey was normal. Bone marrow was severely hypocellular. She had a homozygous point mutation in exon 12 of the TBXAS1 gene and was diagnosed with GHDD. She was started on oral corticosteroids and is on follow-up, with reduced transfusion needs. Conclusion: GHDD, although rare, must be considered a differential diagnosis for difficult-to-treat anemia as it is simple to diagnose and easy to treat. Even without an obvious abnormality in the skeletal survey, one needs to keep this possibility in mind.

Published
2023
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40. Management Of Acute Migraine

Author

Mehndiratta M

Subjects
Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Pharmacotherapy for migraine involves treatment for the acute attack as well as using long-term prophylaxis in order to reduce the frequency and severity of the attacks. Based on severity, there are a number of drugs available to treat the acute attacks. For mild to moderate attacks, analgesics, NSAIDs and Ergotamine are effective but severe attacks may need Dihydroergotamine (DHE) or a triptan. Sumatriptan and the second generation triptans have revolutionized the acute treatment of migraine. Early and appropriate treatment holds the key to successful therapy of the acute attack. This article discusses the various acute treatment options available.

Published
2002

48. Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Steinmetz, Jaimie D, Seeher, Katrin Maria, Schiess, Nicoline, Nichols, Emma, Cao, Bochen, Servili, Chiara, Cavallera, Vanessa, Cousin, Ewerton, Hagins, Hailey, Moberg, Madeline E, Mehlman, Max L, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbas, Jaffar, Abbasi, Madineh Akram, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahi, Mozhan, Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin, Abd-Rabu, Rami, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Vida, Abeldańo Zuńiga, Roberto Ariel, Abidi, Hassan, Abiodun, Olumide, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Aburuz, Salahdein, Adamu, Lawan Hassan, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adekiya, Tayo Alex, Adikusuma, Wirawan, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adra, Saryia, Afework, Tsion, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afraz, Ali, Afzal, Saira, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agodi, Antonella, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Jivan Qasim, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Aji, Budi, Ajumobi, Olufemi, Akade, Seyed Esma'il, Akbari, Morteza, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Akhlaghi, Shiva, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akonde, Maxwell, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alahdab, Fares, AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali, Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa, Albashtawy, Mohammed, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Aldawsari, Khalifah A, Alemi, Hediyeh, Alemi, Sharifullah, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Abid, Ali, Endale Alemayehu, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Ali, Musa Mohammed, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Shahid, Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait, Ali, Zahid, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Aliyi, Ahmednur Adem, Aljofan, Mohamad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alladi, Suvarna, Almazan, Joseph 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and Dua, Tarun

Published
2024
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49. The application of nanoparticles as advanced drug delivery systems in Attenuating COPD

Author

Victoria Jessamine, Samir Mehndiratta, Gabriele De Rubis, Keshav Raj Paudel, Saritha Shetty, Divya Suares, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Brian G. Oliver, Phillip M. Hansbro, and Kamal Dua

Subjects
Drug delivery, COPD, Nanoparticles, Polymeric nanoparticles, miRNA nanotherapeutics, Clinical trials, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a dilapidating condition which is characterized by inflammation, an excess in free radical generation and airway obstruction. Currently, the drugs commercially available for the management of COPD pose several limitations such as systemic adverse effects, including bone density loss and an increased risk of developing pneumonia. Moreover, another limitation includes the need for regular and frequent dosing regimens; which can affect the adherence to the therapy. Furthermore, these current treatments provide symptomatic relief; however, they cannot stop the progression of COPD. Comparatively, nanoparticles (NPs) provide great therapeutic potential to treat COPD due to their high specificity, biocompatibility, and higher bioavailability. Furthermore, the NP-based drug delivery systems involve less frequent dosing requirements and in smaller doses which assist in minimizing side effects. In this review, the benefits and limitations of conventional therapies are explored, while providing an in-depth insight on advanced applications of NP-based systems in the treatment of COPD.

Published
2024
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50. A translational MRI approach to validate acute axonal damage detection as an early event in multiple sclerosis

Author

Antonio Cerdán Cerdá, Nicola Toschi, Constantina A Treaba, Valeria Barletta, Elena Herranz, Ambica Mehndiratta, Jose A Gomez-Sanchez, Caterina Mainero, and Silvia De Santis

Subjects
axonal pathology, multiple sclerosis, MRI, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Axonal degeneration is a central pathological feature of multiple sclerosis and is closely associated with irreversible clinical disability. Current noninvasive methods to detect axonal damage in vivo are limited in their specificity and clinical applicability, and by the lack of proper validation. We aimed to validate an MRI framework based on multicompartment modeling of the diffusion signal (AxCaliber) in rats in the presence of axonal pathology, achieved through injection of a neurotoxin damaging the neuronal terminal of axons. We then applied the same MRI protocol to map axonal integrity in the brain of multiple sclerosis relapsing-remitting patients and age-matched healthy controls. AxCaliber is sensitive to acute axonal damage in rats, as demonstrated by a significant increase in the mean axonal caliber along the targeted tract, which correlated with neurofilament staining. Electron microscopy confirmed that increased mean axonal diameter is associated with acute axonal pathology. In humans with multiple sclerosis, we uncovered a diffuse increase in mean axonal caliber in most areas of the normal-appearing white matter, preferentially affecting patients with short disease duration. Our results demonstrate that MRI-based axonal diameter mapping is a sensitive and specific imaging biomarker that links noninvasive imaging contrasts with the underlying biological substrate, uncovering generalized axonal damage in multiple sclerosis as an early event.

Published
2024
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