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In this study, the effect of boiling and germination processes on oil contents, bioactive compounds, fatty acids, phenolic constituents and mineral amounts of hemp seeds was investigated. The oil quantities of hempseeds were assessed to be between 30.69 % (boiled) and 33.17 % (control). The carotenoid quantities of the hem seeds were assessed to be between 0.68 (boiled) and 2.31 µg/g (raw hempseed). The total phenol quantities and antioxidant capacity values of raw (control), boiled and germinated hempseeds were assigned to be between 29.97 (control) and 51.52 mgGAE/100 g (boiled) to 1.39 (control) and 2.46 mmol/kg (boiled), respectively. Total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant capacity values of germinated and boiled hemp seeds were higher than the control. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, rutin, quercetin and cinnamic acid amounts of boiled hempseeds were found at partly high levels compared to raw (control) hempseed. Oleic and linoleic acid quantities of the hempseed oils were assessed to be between 15.83 (control) and 16.61 (germinated) to 57.24 (germinated) and 57.47 % (control), respectively. Phosphorus was established at the highest quantities in all hempseeds, and followed by potassium, magnesium, calcium (except control) sulphur and sodium in descending order. Iron was measured at the highest quantities, and followed by Mn, Zn, and Cu. The protein quantities of the hempseed samples were established to be between 24.97 (control) and 27.44% (boiled).

In this study, the effect of different cooking techniques on broccoli moisture, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and radical scavenging capacity results, polyphenol contents, and their quantitative values was investigated. The total phenolic quantities of fresh and cooked broccoli samples were assessed to be between 36.32 (conventional boiling) and 423.39 mg GAE/100 g (microwave heating). The radical scavenging activities of the broccoli samples were reported between 2.55 (conventional boiling) and 4.99 mmol/kg (microwave heating). In addition, catechin and rutin quantities of the fresh and cooked broccoli samples were measured to be between 2.24 (conventional boiling) and 54.48 mg/100 g (microwave heating), and between 0.55 (conventional boiling) and 16.33 mg/100 g (microwave heating), respectively. The most abundant elements in fresh and cooked broccoli samples were K, Ca, P, S, and Mg. The results showed some changes depending on cooking techniques compared to the control. The bioactive properties of broccoli samples cooked by means of conventional boiling, boiling in vacuum bag, and high-pressure boiling were established to be lower compared to the fresh sample. Catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, and gallic acid were the key phenolic compounds of fresh and cooked broccoli samples. The phenolic components of broccoli were significantly affected by the applied cooking techniques. The highest protein in broccoli samples was determined in the broccoli sample cooked by boiling in a vacuum bag. There were statistically significant changes among the mineral results of broccoli cooked with different cooking methods.

In this study, the physico-chemical properties, polyphenol and fatty acid profiles and sensory evaluations of breads made from wheat flour and coriander seed powder mixtures were investigated. The oil yields of breads with coriander were identified between 0.11% (control) and 1.25% (with 30% coriander). The highest and lowest L* values were observed in the control and bread with 30% added coriander, respectively. The addition of coriander caused an increase in a* and b* (except for the bread with 30% added coriander) values of breads. Total phenol and flavonoid values of the coriander bread samples were recorded between 43.13 (control) and 64.01 mg GAE/100 g (with 30% coriander) to 72.62 (control) and 130.71 mg/100 g (with 30% coriander), respectively. The antioxidant capacity values of breads produced by adding coriander at different levels were determined between 0.45 (control) and 1.32 mmol/kg (with 30% coriander). In general, the quantitative values of phenolic constituents of the bread samples with added coriander powder were low compared to the control (except catechin and rutin). Gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catechin and rutin were found at the highest amounts in bread samples, followed by caffeic acid, syringic acid and p-coumaric acids in descending order. Gallic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid amount values of bread samples were between 11.51 mg/100 g (with 30% coriander) and 45.21 (control), and 16.41 mg/100 g (with 10% coriander) and 29.39 mg/100 g (with 20% coriander), respectively. Additionally, the catechin and rutin contents of wheat breads produced by adding coriander seed powder at different concentrations were between 37.43 (with 10% coriander) and 70.12 mg/100 g (with 20% coriander), and 6.76 mg/100 g (with 10% coriander) and 29.45 mg/100 g (with 30% coriander powder), respectively. The phenolic components of the breads gradually decreased in parallel with the increase in the coriander concentration. The oleic and linoleic acid results of the oils of bread samples produced by adding coriander seed powder were between 23.15% (control) and 62.45% (with 30% coriander), and 26.67% (with 30% coriander) and 52.20% (control), respectively. In addition, with the increase in coriander concentration, the increase in the oleic acid contents of bread oils compared to the control and the decrease in the linoleic acid result gave the bread functionality for human health. In general, among the coriander bread samples, the bread sample with a 30% concentration of coriander powder was the most appreciated.

The chemical properties, fatty acid composition, and amino acid contents of the date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit seeds (Barhi, Khulas, Monaif Rozaiz, Soukari, Soulag, and Soughi) were determined. While crude protein contents of date samples range from 5.70% (Soulag) to 7.59% (Bahri) (p

In this study, the sterol contents of almond kernel oils collected from naturally growing almond trees in Mersin province were determined. Generally, the sterol contents of almond oil samples varied depending on almond types. The major sterols in almond oils wereß-sitosterol, 5-avenasterol and campesterol, followed by 5,24-stigmastadienol, stigmasterol, sitostanol, and cholesterol. While β-sitosterol contents of almond oils varied between 1986 mg/kg (T26) and 3908 mg/kg (T16), 5-avenasterol contents of almond oils samples were in the range between 215.9 mg/kg (T31) and 581.7 mg/kg (T16). In addition, campesterol contents of oils were found from 75.8 mg/kg (T31) to 172.3 mg/kg (T16). Interestingly, all sterol contents (except cholesterol, brassicasterol and 7-campesterol) of T16 almond oil were found higher than those of the other almond types. The current study showed that almond kernels of the investigated almond types from Turkey are potential sources of valuable oil which might be used as edible oil or industrial applications.

The oil amounts of breads were measured between 0.13% (control) and 4.90% (with 40% 6 chufa). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the breads enriched with chufa tuber flours (powders) were reported as between 37.42 (control) and 99.64 mg GAE/100 g (with 20% chufa) to 61.19 (control) and 120.71 mg/100 g (with 20% chufa), respectively. The antioxidant activities of the bread samples were recorded as between 0.20 (control) and 3.24 mmol/kg (with 20% chufa). The addition of chufa flour caused a decrease in L* values of breads with the addion of tigernut flour. Oleic and linoleic acid contents of the oils extracted from the bread samples enriched with chufa tuber powders were identified as between 61.88 (control) and 66.64% (with 40% chufa) to 14.84% (with 40% chufa) and 17.55% (control), respectively. As a result of the evaluation of sensory properties of breads made from pure wheat flour and composite flours containing 10%, 20%, and 40% chufa tuber flour, the best result was obtained in bread fortified with chufa powder at a concentration of 40%, followed by concentrations of 20 and 10% in decreasing order.

In this study, moisture content, free fatty acids, peroxide, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter, saponification value, fatty acid composition and tocopherol contents of wheat germ oil obtained by SC-CO2 extraction and cold press technology were investigated. Moisture, free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter and saponification value of cold press and supercritical CO2 extraction method oils were established as 0.097% and 13.32, 0.84% and 5.9%, 8.9 meq O2/kg and 15.8, 132 and 128, 6.5 g/kg and 8.04 and 197 and 182mg KOH/g, respectively. Major fatty acids of samples were determined as palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. Campesterol and β-stosterols of wheat germ oils obtained by the cold press and supercritical CO2 extraction are the major sterols. The germ oil extracted by both methods contained 24.19% and 23.44 % campesterol and 60.98% and 61.56% β-stosterol, respectively. While germ oil obtained supercritical CO2 extraction contains 50.60% α-tocopherol and 49.39% β-tocopherol, the oil obtained by cold press contained 73.12% α-tocopherol and 26.83% β-tocopherol. Supercritical CO2 extraction is conducted for the process that must be decided whether the pilot or industrial scale. Supercritical CO2 extraction that high oil yield is very high investment costs.

“Keşkek”, which is a dish of Western Anatolia, Thrace, the Eastern Anatolia Region, the Black Sea and Central Anatolia, is a traditional dish made mainly of split wheat and meat—although it varies according to the regions in Anatolia—which is usually made at weddings and holidays. In this study, the effects of thyme, coriander and cumin spices on the fat content, bioactive properties, phenolic component, fatty acid composition, mineral contents and sensory properties of “Keşkek” were investigated. The oil yields of “Keşkek” types were determined to be between 14.90 (control) and 21.20% (with cumin). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of “Keşkek” types’ added spices were established as between 7.02 (control) and 77.10 mg/100 g Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) (with thyme) to 20.24 (control) and 132.14 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g (with thyme), respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity values of “Keşkek” samples varied between 0.04 (control) and 2.78 mmol Trolox Equivalent (TE)/kg (with thyme). Among these phenolic constituents, gallic acid was the most abundant, followed by catechin, rutin and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, in descending order. Oleic and linoleic acid contents of the “Keşkek” oils were detected between 25.51 (with thyme) and 30.58% (with cumin) to 38.28 (with cumin) and 48.49% (control), respectively. P, K, Mg and S were the major minerals of “Keşkek” samples. Considering the sensory characteristics of the “Keşkek” samples, “Keşkek” with thyme was appreciated, followed by “Keşkek” with cumin and “control and Keşkek” with coriander in decreasing order.

The chemical composition of essential oil, which is isolated by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of Thymus zygioides growing wild in Turkey, have been determined by GC and GC/MS. Essential oil yield on a dry weight basis of aerial parts from T. zygioides was 0.45%. A total of twenty two constituents were identified by GC-MS analyses, the main components representing 92.3% the oil was identified as limonene (24.11%), cis-linalool oxide (22.91%), eucalyptol (8.65%). 3-octonol (7.04%), nerol (4.47%) geranyl acetate (3.19%), carvacrol (2.74%), linalyl propanoate (2.95%) and sabinene (2.23%). The essential oil of T. zygioides was characterized by its high content of limonene (24.11%).

The oil contents of rye grain seeds ranged from 0.70% (type 25) to 3.92 % (type 1). Palmitic acid contents of oils changed between 10.82% (type 26) and 22.43% (type 10). In addition, while oleic acid contents of oil samples vary between 20.61% (type 17) and 37.86% (type 3), linoleic acid contents of oils changed between 18.91% (type 3) to 54.0% (type 13). Also, linolenic acid contents of oil samples were found between 2.43% (type 1) and 8.34% (type 26). Total saturated fatty acid contents of oil samples changed between 15.57% (typ 26) and 34.38% (type 1). K contents of rye grains were found between 3810.31 mg/kg (type 2) and 6148.28 mg/kg (type 17). While P contents of grains vary between 1806.43 mg/kg (5) and 3710.25 mg/kg (18), Mg contents of samples ranged from 962.87 mg/kg (type 5) to 1602.33 mg/kg (type 12). The highest Ca content was determined in 14 samples (1447.96 mg/kg). The crude protein contents of rye grains ranged from 10.08% (type 1) to 15.25% (type 3). As a result, rye grain is rich in minerals and essential fatty acids for human health.

In this study, the mineral contents of bread with boiled grape, date, carob and mulberry fruit juices at five different concentrations were determined. The fluctuations of B and Cu contents in bread with pekmez (molasses) were determined between 4.10 to 4.49 mg/kg and 2.74 and 3.34 mg/kg respectively. Ca, Mg, K, P and S were the main macro-elements of bread samples. The highest values of Ca were observed in samples with mulberry molasses (421 mg/kg - 826 mg/kg). The Ca content of bread with grape molasses ranged from 360 to 520 mg/kg, while Ca content of bread with carob molasses change between 396 and 582 mg/kg (p

In this study, it was investigated the effect of microwave heating on oil yield, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds of cashew nut and also fatty acid composition of cashew nut oil. The oil content of cashew nut heated in microwave oven increased, especially heated at 720 W (44.43%). Generally, the antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of cashew nut extracts decreased with heating process. However, the highest antioxidant activity (52.80%) and total phenolic content (107.00 mg/100 g) were observed in cashew nut extracts heated at 720 W. The key phenolic compounds of cashew nut were 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (16.57–70.03 mg/100 g), (+)-catechin (17.50–52.81 mg/100 g) and gallic acid (12.53–51.51 mg/100 g). In addition, the main fatty acids of cashew nut oil were oleic (59.59–61.82%), linoleic (18.20–26.28%), palmitic (7.16–9.23%) and stearic (4.07–9.49%) acids. Both phenolic compounds and fatty acid compositions of cashew nut showed a significant changes at 720 W. Keywords: Cashew nut, Heating, Phenolic compound, Oil content, Fatty acids

Metal, non-metal and and heavy metal contents of different pea genotype seeds were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). For all genotypes, significant differences were observed in the mineral contents. Potassium was the most abundant element, ranged from 10146.13 mg/kg (PS3048) to 13171.97 mg/kg (PS3053) (Table 1). In addition, the phosphor content of pea seeds was found between 4004.31 mg/kg (PS 30100) and 5651.27 mg/kg (PS 3057). These pea genotypes contained 1562.32 mg/kg to 2034.28 mg/kg magnesium. Zinc contetns of pea samples changed between 29.66 mg/kg (PS 3055) and 67.81 mg/kg (PS 4053 B). The oil contents of pea samples ranged from 0.84% (PS4053 B) to 3.59% (PS 3055). Oleic acid is predominant fatty acid 12.95% to 45.02% followed by palmitic 13.68% to 77.28%, stearic (1.66% to 15.99%) acids. The highest oleic acid was found in PS3048 genotype (45.02%). The highest palmitic acid was found in PS4021 pea sample (77.28%). The current study contributes to the available information concerning the composition of several pea genotypes grown in Turkey. Fatty Acid Composition and Mineral Contents of Pea Genotype Seeds

Determination of changes in physicochemical properties of different vegetable oils (sunflower, corn, hazelnut, palm, and olive oils) was aimed after the frying process with different frying material used (potato and pepper). The increase in free fatty acid content, peroxide value, viscosity and polar compound formation of oils was observed, while the reduction of the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of oils was detected with the increase of frying time. The minimum increase of free fatty acid content was determined in sunflower oil (for fried pepper %0.23; for fried potato %0.22), while the best result of peroxide values for both of frying samples was found in olive oil (for fried pepper 2.49 meq O2/kg; for fried potato 4.11 meq O2/kg oil). The highest increase of total polar compound was also ascertained in sunflower oil (for fried pepper%4.50; for fried potato %5.00). The increase of frying time caused a decrease of L* and a* values of oils except for olive oil and increase of b* values. The effect of frying oil or material and frying process time on physicochemical properties of oils was found statistically significant (p

Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) were dried by using sun and oven (50oC) drying methods. Oven drying decreased the drying time approximately 50% when compared to the sun drying method for both herbs. K, Ca, P, Mg and Na were the most abundant elements in dill and parsley samples. Oven-dried samples had higher mineral values than that of the sun-dried samples. Page, Modified Page, Midilli and Küçük and Diffusion approach were shown to give a good fit to the sun drying of parsley. The Midilli and Küçük and Verma models have shown a better fit to the experimental sun drying data of dill. Wang-Singh and Midilli and Küçük models gave the highest r2 values for oven drying of parsley and dill, respectively.

In this study, the oil contents, fatty acid composition and tocopherol contents of sesame seed and oils belong to different countries were determined. The oil contents of materials changed between 49.22% (India) and 56.16% (Nigeria-Kanu). The major saturated fatty acids in sesame seed oils were palmitic (6.06-9.03%), stearic (5.29-6.42%) acids with small 20:0 (0.19-0.71%) acids. The main unsaturated fatty acids of sesame oil samples were linoleic (38.11-47.11%) and oleic (36.83-44.49%) acids. There was a significant difference in the amounts of the major fatty acids in the oil samples (P

Total phenol contents of O.vulgare were found between 54.23 mg GAE/g (U4) and 124.55 mg GAE/g (U2), respectively. While total phenol contents of O.minutiflorum change between 49.50 mg GAE/g (U5) and 126.92 mg GAE/g (S3), total flavonol contents were found between 623.87 mg RE/g (U5) and 854.53 mg RE/g (U2). Antioxidant capacity ranged from 42.31 mg AAE/g (U5) to 103.04 mg AAE/g (S3). Total phenol contents of O. majorana changed between 51.86 mg GAE/g (S3) and 125,23 mg GAE/g (S2). Antiradical activity and antioxidant capacity values were found between 695.85 IC50= mg/mL (U5) and 1217.51 IC50= mg/mL S3 and 55.43 mg AAE/g (S3) to 110.90 mg AAE/g (U5), respectively.

The oil contents of linseeds were determined between 39.9% (Antares) and 43.3% (Railinus). The oleic acid contents of seed oils varied between 0.8% (Maroc) and 24.8 (Railinus). The linoleic acid contents of linseed oil change between 10.2% (Avangard) and 48.2% (Maroc), while the palmitic acid of oils ranged from 4.8% (Antares) to 6.1% (Maroc), stearic acid contents ranged between 4.7% (Avangard) to 23.5% (Maroc). Also, linolenic acid contents of Avangard oil was higher (59.9%) than those of results of other linseed oils. The P8 contents of linseed oil change between 1.1 mg/kg (Railinus) and 16.4 mg/kg (Avangard). Also, the δ-tocopherol content of Railinus oil was also higher (262.7 mg/kg) than those of other linseed oils (0.3-0.4 mg/kg).The total tocopherol in Railinus seed oil was higher (437.4 mg/100 g) (p

In the current study, macro and microelement contents of oat grains were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). P contents of grains were found between 2428.72 mg/kg (Arslanbey) and 4557.25 mg/kg (TL10). While K contents of oat samples change between 3055.99 mg/kg (TL63) and 5621.12 mg/kg (TL8), Ca contents of oats ranged from 568.50 mg/kg (TL63) to 1269.97 mg/kg (TL86). In addition, the highest and lowest Mg were determined in Kırklar (2024.88 mg/kg) and TL73 (1252.48 mg/kg) oat samples, respectively. Iron contents of oat changed between 29.98 mg/Kg (TL7) and 80.78 mg/Kg (Arslanbey). While Zn contents of oat samples change between 15.50 mg/kg (Arslanbey) and 37.68 mg/kg (TL/76), Mn contents ranged from 25.82 mg/kg (TL63) to 62.55 mg/kg (Kırklar). Also, the highest Zn and Cu contents of oat grains were found in TL76 (37.68 mg/kg) and TL67 ( 8.67 mg/kg). Locations had a significant effect on all macro and micronutrient concentrations of oat grains.The results presented here suggest that oat grains could serve as a good source of mineral elements.

The mineral contents of Centaura leave and seeds were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Macro element concentrations (P, K, Ca, Mg and S) of samples were found at high levels. K was established at high level in both leave and seed samples of Centaurea. While K contents of leaves changes between 7254.10 mg/kg (Centaurea lycaonica) and 26396.36 mg/kg (Centaurea pterocaula), it ranged from 6242.22 mg/kg (Centaurea salicifolia) to 15182.07 mg/kg (Centaurea cariensis). Ca contents of leaves changed between 6268.70 mg/kg (Centaurea derderiifolia) and 23471.24 mg/kg (Centaurea stapfiana). The same element was found between 1963.45 mg/kg (Centaurea salicifolia) and 12470.46 mg/kg (Centaurea stapfiana). Fe contents of leaves changed between 55.52 mg/kg (Centaurea cariensis Boiss. subsp. longipapposa) and 502.47 mg/kg (Centaurea salicifolia). Na content ranged from 324.27 mg/kg (Centaurea cariensis) to 4938.52 mg/kg (Centaurea cariensis). Anthocyanin contents of leaves ranged from 16.3 µmol/g (Centaurea kizildaghensis) to 109.3 µmol/g (Centaurea stapfiana). While total phenolic contents of leaves change between 693.5 mg gallic acid/g extract and 826.3 mg gallic acid/g extract, total phenolic content of seeds ranged from 655.1 mg gallic acid/g extract (Centaurea derderiifolia) to 1342.0 mg gallic acid/g extract (Centaurea cariensis Boiss. subsp. longipapposa). Total flavonoid contents of Centaurea leaves changed between 49.2 mg catechol/g (Centaurea nigrofimbria) to 157.5 mg catechol/g (Centaurea pterocaula).

The crude oil, crude protein, crude ash, crude fiber, total phenol and antioxidant activity values, peroxide values, specific gravity, the refraxtive index and acid value of Citrullus lanatus and their oils were determined. Fatty acid composition of seeds belong to both watermelon were determined by Gas Chromotography (GC). These oils are important sources of essential fatty acid, linoleic acid (63.19% to 72.03%). Oleic acid contents of seeds ranged between 17.55% (Forage watermelon kernel) to 24.65% (watermelon kernel). Cd, Cr, Mn contents of watermelon kernel were found between 0.02 to 0.09 mg/kg, 0.37 to 1.46 mg/kg and 6.08 to 11.31 mg/kg, respectively. Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S were found as major elements in seed samples. Total phenol contents of watermelon seeds ranged between 0.13 mg GAE /100 mg to 0.30 mg GAE/100 mg. Antioxidant activity of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) seeds (5.06 and 13.90%) were found higher than those of normal seeds (1.31 and 4.42%). Peroxide values of watermelon oils ranged between 7.6 meqO2/kg to 11.7 meqO2/kg.

The lipid compositions of the seed oils of some Nigella species were investigated. The total oil content of the seeds ranged from 28.0 to 36.4%. GC-MS fatty acid compositional analysis of the Nigella seed oils revealed the content of linoleic acid to be the highest (40.3-58.9%). Other prominent fatty acids were as follows: oleic (18.7-28.1%), palmitic (10.1-12.5%), 22:1 D11 (3.2-3.8%) and stearic (2.6-3.1%) acids. All the Nigella seed oils analysed exhibited differences in their tocopherol contents and the differences were estimated. The oils extracted from the seeds contained between 1.70-4.12 mg/100 g α-T, 0.97-4.51 mg/100 g γ-T, and 4.90-17.91 mg/100 g β-T3. The total tocopherol content in seeds varied between 9.15 mg/100 g to 24.65 mg/100 g. The compositions of the sterol fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography. The total amounts of sterols ranged between 1993.07 mg/kg to 2182.17 mg/kg. The main component was β-sitosterol (48.35-51.92%), followed by 5-avenasterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol.

The fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol contents of the oils of several poppy seeds were investigated. The main fatty acids in poppy seed oils were linoleic (687.6-739.2 g kg-1), oleic (141.3-192.8 g kg-1) and palmitic (76.8-92.8 g kg-1). The oils contained an appreciable amount of -tocopherol (195.37-280.85 mg kg-1), with a mean value of 261.31 mg kg-1 and α-tocopherol (21.99-45.83 mg kg-1), with a mean value of 33.03 mg kg-1. The concentrations of total sterol ranged from 1099.84 mg kg-1 (K.pembe) to 4816.10 mg kg-1 (2. sınıf beyaz), with a mean value of 2916.20 mg kg-1. The major sterols were -sitosterol, ranging from 663.91 to 3244.39 mg kg-1; campesterol, ranging from 228.59 to 736.50 mg kg-1; and Δ5-avenasterol, ranging from 103.90 to 425.02 mg kg-1. The studied varieties of poppy seeds from Turkey were found to be a potential source of valuable oil.

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) were evaluated for some physical properties and chemical composition. Ripe fruits were determined for moisture (2.71 %), crude protein (14.6 %) crude fibre (1.8%) ash (1.57%), crude energy (576Cal) ether soluble extract (24.71%), nut (10.5g) and kernel (5.09g) veights. Relative density, refractive index, free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification number, unsaponifiable matter were established in the walnut oil. The main fatty acids identified by gas chromatography were palmtic (6,4 %) oleic (13.4 %), linoleic (55,3 %) and linolenic (8,7 %) acids. The mineral contents of walnuts were established by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Contents of A1, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Se and Zn were also determined in the fruits. The work attempts to contribute to knowledge of the nutritional properties of walnut kernels. The fruits were found to be rich in protein, oil, fibre, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals. These results may be useful for the evaluation of dietary information.

Chemical composition and physical properties were established in carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds from Konya, Turkey to investigate their potential uses. Mature seeds were evaluated for moisture, crude protein, crude oil, crude fiber, ash, HCl-insoluble ash, total carbohydrate, essential oil yield and weight of 1000 seeds. Also, relative density, refractive index, free fatty acids, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter were determined in the seed oil. The main fatty acids identified by gas chromatography were petroselinic (59.35%), linoleic (11,82%), palmitic (10.01%) and stearic (2.41%) acids. Mineral contents (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Se, Sr, V and Zn) of seeds were also determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The seeds were found to be rich in protein, fiber and ash. The essential oil and edible oil compositions of carrot seeds from Konya were investigated by GC and GC-MS. The oil yields of essential and edible oil from carrot seeds were established as 0.83% and 7.84%, respectively. The major constituents of seed essential oil were carotol (66.78%), daucene (8.74)%, (Z,Z)--farnesene (5.86%), germacrene D (2.34%), trans--bergamotene (2.41%) and -selinene (2.20%). Whereas, carotol (30.55%), daucol (12.60%) and copaenol (0.62%) were the important components of edible carrot seed oil. However, the dominant component of both oils was carotol.