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We propose a new bootloader design with dynamic boot addressing to increase the endurance of microcontroller flash memories and to use flash memory efficiently.Although the final industrial products are not updated much, regular programming during the development and testing phase inefficiently reduces the endurance of flash memory. Especially after the pandemic, the problems experienced in the production/supply processes of products using semiconductor technology and the highly extended deadlines have inspired our work to extend the life of the products used in the development and testing phase.Within the scope of the study, a bootloader design and implementation related to increasing the durability of flash memory, which affects the lifetime of microcontrollers, are explained.When a new application installation request comes, it is aimed to provide the following without the need for any additional hardware; It is to ensure that the data to be written to the flash memory is shared homogeneously between sectors, to prevent unnecessary memory deletion, to shorten the time spent on installing applications, to increase memory endurance and to predict possible memory endurance problems.

In recent years, investments in renewable energy sources have been increasing in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption and mitigate the effects of global warming on the marine ecosystem. Recent studies have shown that marine current energy, which is one of the renewable energy sources, can provide very high energy gains. This study focuses on the Mediterranean region, which is one of the areas where the impacts of climate change are most clearly felt. The annual and seasonal analysis of the current velocity in the study area between 2016 and 2018 was carried out using remote sensing technology, and potential energy production was calculated using an underwater turbine system we selected. As a result of the study, it was determined that the maximum current velocities were 2.2 m/s in 2016 and 2017 and 2.7 m/s in 2018. In addition, it was observed that the current speed was approximately 2.7 m/s in the spring months and 2.0 m/s in the summer months. In the fall and winter months, it was 2.1 m/s and 2.2 m/s, respectively. Research has shown that the study area, especially in the eastern coastal areas, has the capacity to generate approximately 10 GWh of energy per year with the use of underwater turbine systems.

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of different veneering techniques on the color, translucency, of zirconia-based systems. Materials and Methods: Specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12): layering (L), pressing (P), and computed aided design (CAD)-on (CO). Group L was veneered with nano-fluorapatite veneering ceramic. Group P was heat pressed with fluorapatite glass-ceramic ingots. Group CO the veneering ceramics were designed with and milled from lithium disilicate glass-ceramic blocks in CAD/computed aided manufacturing unit. Color parameters (L* a* b*) were measured with a spectrophotometer and color difference (ΔE), and translucency parameter (TP) properties were calculated. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). Results: There were significant differences between the ΔE of the groups (P < 0.05). The highest value was observed in the L group (ΔE = 4.17 ± 0.98); the lowest value was observed in the P group (ΔE = 2.08 ± 0.54). There were significant differences between the TP values of the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Optical properties of the zirconia-based systems are greatly affected by the fabrication techniques.

In general, the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of shallow foundations on unsaturated soils is characterized by the conventional shear strength (SS) parameters in which saturated theories are applied. However, in this case, it is clear that the foundations designed using the obtained values from the saturated cases not be economical. In recent years, procedures have been developed to estimate the UBC of foundations on unsaturated soils, that take into account drained and undrained loading conditions. However, these studies generally concentrate on sandy soils. The validity of the results proposed in the literature should be tested for other soils. Therefore, this paper includes a conventional direct shear box (DSB) test to determine the unsaturated SS of statically compacted silty soil, and a series of model tests were performed to determine the foundation’s UBC. In the experimental model setup, the UBC values of different types and sizes of model foundations on silty soil layers with a different soil saturation degrees (SSDs)/matric suctions (MSs) and different void ratio values were measured. In addition, the soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) and SS parameters of unsaturated silt were obtained. Using the experimental results, a new equation is proposed for the characterization of the UBC of shallow foundations on unsaturated silty soils. Using this equation, the UBC of unsaturated soils can be determined based on the results of unconfined compressive strength tests (UC) measured on unsaturated soil samples and based on the degree of saturation and the fitting parameter. The results indicate that the measured bearing capacity values obtained via the model footing test, shows a good consistency with those obtained by the proposed equation.

Atmospheric CO2 has been dramatically increasing since beginning of the industrial time (i.e. 1860), being one of the main driver for climate change at regional and global level. The change in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, together with that of temperature, precipitation and/or so radiation, can influence the biogeochemical cycles in all ecosystems. In this study, we investigate the combined effect of CO2 concentration and six climate variables on carbon uptake, i.e., gross primary production (GPP) and carbon storage, i.e, soil carbon (SoilC) in terrestrial biosphere by using the Community Land Model (CLM vers. 4.5) and evaluate the model’s results against available observation data. We also analysed the change in carbon uptake and storage under a 2°C global mean warming. Results show that the model performed reasonably well for GPP and SoilC at pan-European scale. We also found a positive correlation between GPP, precipitation and surface wind, and a negative correlation between GPP and surface downwelling longwave radiation (rlds). Under a 2°C global warming, GPP and SoilC show an increase, an average, of about 20%, and 5% at pan-European scale, respectively. However, our results indicate that CLM4.5 may need improvements particularly in carbon-nitrogen interaction and carbon accumulation in soil.

Iris species have great economic importance for their use in ornamental and pharmaceutical industry. Flora of Turkey reports about 43 local taxons of which 16 are endemic. Iris suaveolens Boiss. et Reuter is an endemic species with high seed dormancy and has high tolerance to cold and drought. This study focused on seed dormancy break of I. suaveolens under in vitro conditions. In the first experiment, the seeds were given stratification treatment on MS medium containing different concentrations of BAP with or without NAA. The 2nd experiment reports effects of alternative combinations of cold (at 4°C, 24 h dark) – warm (16 h light photoperiod) conditions on medium containing different concentrations of plant growth regulators on agar solidified MS medium. Both experiments showed about 8.33% seed germination against 64.5% seed viability as confirmed by tetrazolium test. All germinating seeds were abnormal and very weak. In the third experiment, 10 minutes acid scarified seeds cultured at 24°C in 16 h light photo period on MS medium achieved 60.0% germination. Similar treatment under cold + dark condition was inhibitory and failed to show identical results. This underlines the importance of acid scarification, photoperiod and warm treatments of I. suaveolens seeds to break seed dormancy. All germinated seeds showed normal growth and development under field conditions.

The aim with this research was to investigate the correlation between the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of teacher candidates regarding their desire to teach, and the variables of resilience and appreciation. In order to establish this correlation, we used the resilience scale, originally developed by Wagnild and Young in 1993 and adapted to the Turkish context by Terzi in 2006. Additionally, the motivation-to-teach scale, developed by Kauffman, Yilmaz Soylu and Duke in 2011 and adapted to the Turkish context by Güzel Candan and Evin Gencel in 2015, as well as the gratitude, resentment and appreciation test-revised short (GRAT-RS), developed by Thomas and Watkins in 2003 and adapted to the Turkish context by Oguz Duran in 2017, were employed. The participants in this study comprised 328 fourth-year teacher candidates enrolled in undergraduate programmes in the Faculty of Education at the Ege University during the 2019-2020 academic year. According to the findings, the motivation to teach demonstrates predictive qualities for both resilience and appreciation. The teacher candidates with high motivation to teach, that is, the teacher candidates who studied at a faculty of education by choice, showed more positive emotions towards their profession (Ayik & Atas, 2014). This research shows that the level of autonomy is effective over positive emotions. If we aim to have better education and teachers who inspire students with positive energy, it may be easier to achieve this with teachers who have a higher level of autonomy.

This data article is related to the research article entitled “Inverted-U relationship between R&D intensity and survival: Evidence on scale and complementarity effects in UK data” (Ugur et al., In press) [1]. It describes the trends in R&D expenditures, employment of R&D personnel and firm entry and exit rates in the UK from 1998 to 2012. We also provide statistics on net employment creation and net R&D investments due to firm entry and exits. In addition, we compute the correlation coefficients between entry and exit rates at the two digit industry level so as to examine whether the correlations are contemporaneous or inter-temporal. Finally, we provide information about the underlying dataset to which secure access is available through UK Data Service Archive 7716 at http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-7716-1. Keywords: R&D, Innovation, Firm dynamics, Survival analysis

Purpose: Psoriasis is inflammatory skin disease which has increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The etiology is unknown, yet. In cardiovascular disease, resistin which is secreted from adipose tissue, was found correlated with the levels of total cholesterol and LDL. In our study, we aimed to study the relation of serum resistin and lipid levels in patients with psoriasis and correlation of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Material and Methods: In Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, thirty-seven healthy subjects (group I) and thirty-four patients with psoriasis (group II) were enrolled for two groups. The age, gender, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and PASI were determined. The level of resistin and lipid profile were studied in serum. Results: The level of resistin in patients with psoriasis (12,3+/-3,0 ng/ml) was found increased compared with healthy subjects (6,4+/-2,3 ng/ml) (p=0.001). The level of total cholesterol and LDL were increased in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy subjects, respectively (189+/-43 mg/dl;129+/-31 mg/dl) (p

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the adhesion strength of two new fiber post systems (FiberSite™ Post and Cytec™ Blanco Post) cemented with two different adhesive resin cements (Panavia™ SA and Maxcem™ Elite). Root canals of sixty extracted human mandibular premolars were prepared using ProTaper Universal™ rotary files (Dentsply Sirona Endodontics, York, PA, USA). The root canals were irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) during instrumentation. After root canal preparation, the canals were irrigated with 2 mL of 17% EDTA (1 min), followed by 2 mL of 5.25% (5 min) NaOCI, and 2 mL saline. The root canals were dried with paper points and divided randomly into two study groups (n = 30) according to the type of post system: Group 1, FiberSite™ Post (MegaDental, Partanna, Italy); and group 2, Cytec™ Blanco Post (Hahnenkratt, Königsbach-Stein, Germany), with one of the two adhesive resin cements: Subgroup A, Panavia™ SA Cement Plus Automix (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan); subgroup B, Maxcem™ Elite (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA). Following thermocycling, the adhesion strength was evaluated using the push-out adhesion (bond) strength test. Fractographic analysis was performed using stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (p = 0.05). The adhesion strength values of both the posts were significantly higher when cemented with subgroup B (Maxcem™ Elite). The highest adhesion strength value was demonstrated by group 1B (FiberSite™ post cemented with Maxcem™ Elite cement). The type of post did not have a significant impact on the bond strength values for either cement material.

Origanum acutidens (HAND.-MAZZ.) IETSWAART is a promising ornamental plant that can be widely used in landscape management. It is endemic to Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. Tissue culture has not been used to micropropagate it. The study reports stem node explants from one-week-old seedlings of the plant for successful micropropagation. The stem nodes were cultured on MS medium containing 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mg/L BAP with 0.2 mg/L NAA. Visible effects of culture media on shoot proliferation were recorded. Shoot regeneration rate was maximum on MS medium containing 1.80 mg/L BAP-0.2 mg/L NAA. The micropropagated shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA. All microrooted plantlets survived during acclimatisation on peat moss. It was concluded that O. acutidens can be successfully micropropagated under in vitro conditions.

In recent years, investments in renewable energy sources have been increasing in order to reduce fossil fuel consumption and mitigate the effects of global warming on the marine ecosystem. Recent studies have shown that marine current energy, which is one of the renewable energy sources, can provide very high energy gains. This study focuses on the Mediterranean region, which is one of the areas where the impacts of climate change are most clearly felt. The annual and seasonal analysis of the current velocity in the study area between 2016 and 2018 was carried out using remote sensing technology, and potential energy production was calculated using an underwater turbine system we selected. As a result of the study, it was determined that the maximum current velocities were 2.2 m/s in 2016 and 2017 and 2.7 m/s in 2018. In addition, it was observed that the current speed was approximately 2.7 m/s in the spring months and 2.0 m/s in the summer months. In the fall and winter months, it was 2.1 m/s and 2.2 m/s, respectively. Research has shown that the study area, especially in the eastern coastal areas, has the capacity to generate approximately 10 GWh of energy per year with the use of underwater turbine systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is an ongoing debate whether to perform orchiectomy or orchidopexy following testicular torsion (TT) in cases where the testis seems non-viable. The main problem is lack of objective criteria defining testicular viability. The aim of this study was to investigate the grade of injury in orchiectomy specimens obtained from cases of TT and its association with clinical findings. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study involved double-blinded reassessment of the patient files and the pathological specimens using Mikuz classification to analyze the relation between clinical and pathological findings. Results: A total of 289 patient charts from 14 centers were reviewed and 228 were included in this study. Twenty (8.8%) patients had grade 1 injury which refers to reversible injury. The clinical findings of these 20 patients were compared to 208 patients with higher grades of injury. As expected, there was statistically significant difference regarding duration of symptoms (p < 0.001); however, range was wide in both groups (as long as 96 h for grade 1 and as short as 7 h for higher grades). There was no statistically significant difference in any other variable including age (median 14 for both, p = 0.531), symptoms (pain: 19/20 vs. 189/202, p = 0.801; swelling: 13/19 vs. 168/197, p = 0.094), absence of blood flow in Doppler US (15/19 vs. 164/197, p = 0.635), or degree of torsion (median 720° for both, p = 0.172). Conclusion: Our study revealed necessity for better criteria to define viability of testis following TT. Histopathological injury appeared to be reversible even in some patients with more severe perioperative findings, late admission, or high degree of twisting. Our findings support the tendency for testicular fixation instead of orchiectomy as none of the clinical or perioperative findings could be attributed to high-grade injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]