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Multimodal emotion recognition has the potential to impact various fields, including human-computer interaction, virtual reality, and emotional intelligence systems. This study introduces a comprehensive framework that enhances the accuracy and computational efficiency of emotion recognition by leveraging knowledge distillation and transfer learning, incorporating both unimodal and multimodal models. The framework also combines subject-specific and subject-independent models, achieving a balance between localization and generalization. Subject-independent models include EEG-based, non-EEG-based (i.e., electromyography, electrooculography, electrodermal activity, galvanic skin response, skin temperature, respiration, blood volume pulse, heart rate, and eye movements), and multimodal models trained on all training subjects, capturing a broader context. Subject-specific models, including EEG-based, non-EEG-based, and multimodal models, are trained on individual subjects to provide localized knowledge. The proposed framework then distills knowledge from these teacher models into a student model, utilizing six different distillation losses to combine both subject-independent and subject-specific insights. This approach makes the model subject-aware by using local patterns and modality-aware by incorporating unimodal data, enhancing the robustness and generalizability of emotion recognition systems to varied real-world scenarios. The framework was tested on two well-known datasets, SEED-V and DEAP, as well as an immersive three-Dimensional (3D) Virtual Reality (VR) dataset, GraffitiVR, which captures emotional and behavioral responses from individuals experiencing urban graffiti in a VR environment. This broader application provides insights into the effectiveness of emotion recognition models in both 2D and 3D settings, facilitating a wider range of assessment. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed knowledge distillation-based model significantly elevates performance across all datasets when compared to traditional models. Specifically, the model demonstrated improvements ranging from 6.56% to 24.59% over unimodal models and from 1.56% to 4.11% over multimodal approaches across the SEED-V, DEAP, and GraffitiVR datasets. These results underscore the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach, suggesting that it significantly enhances emotion recognition processes across various environmental settings.

The myrtle (Myrtus communis) plant naturally grows in the temperate Mediterranean and subtropical regions and is used for various purposes; thus, it is among the promising species of horticultural crops. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of different propagation systems, including rooting, solid media propagation, rooting, and with the Plantform bioreactor system, in achieving healthy and rapid growth of four myrtle genotypes with diverse genetic origins and well-regional adaptation. The selection of myrtle genotypes with distinct genetic backgrounds and proven adaptability to specific regions allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the propagation systems under investigation. Present findings proved that the Plantform system, the new-generation tissue culture system, was quite successful in micropropagation and rooting myrtle genotypes. We succeeded in vitro micropropagation and rooting of diverse wild myrtle genotypes, enabling year-round propagation without reliance on specific seasons or environmental conditions. The process involved initiating cultures from explants and multiplying them through shoot proliferation in a controlled environment. This contributes to sustainable plant propagation, preserving and utilizing genetic resources for conservation and agriculture.

The most pressing concern of the century is food security, mostly supported by irrigated agriculture. In this respect, studies on water stress have drawn increased attention with a highlighting expectation foreseen via our breeding efforts documented in this study concerning the significant commercial strawberry cultivars ‘Rubygem’, ‘Sabrina’ and ‘Festival’ along with some selected superior bred lines (‘33’, ‘36’, ‘59’, ‘61’ and ‘112’). Plants cultivated in the Spanish-type high tunnel were exposed to both full (IR100) and deficit irrigation (IR50) in the Mediterranean part of Türkiye. Fruit yield as well as certain critical morphological and physiological parameters were examined throughout the active harvest period. This study found that the parameters relating to the vegetative components, as well as the fruit weight and yield, drastically dropped when plants were subjected to deficit irrigation. Therefore, depending on the limited irrigation, as a result of the closure of stomata, it was concluded that the amount of water and stomatal conductance of the plant is associated with a decrease. IR50 was found to have less impact on low-yield genotypes than on high-yield genotypes. Photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductivity were high in the ‘33’ bred line with a high yield. On the other hand, photosynthesis activity and leaf water potential (LWP) values were relatively low in the ‘36’ bred line with low yield. The study proved that variables like photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductance, and LWP could be used as markers for high yield genotype selection.

Çilek dünyada ve ülkemizde eşsiz tat ve aromasından dolayı, üretimi giderek artan önemli bir meyve türüdür. Birçok meyve türünde olduğu gibi, çilek meyvelerdeki verim, tad ve diğer önemli kalite bileşenlerinin genetik yapıdan etkilendiği bilinmektedir. Bu kapsamda, özellikle son 100 yılda dünyadaki çilek ıslah çalışmaları sonucunda çok miktarda çilek çeşidi geliştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Çukurova Üniversitesi bünyesinde de uzun yıllar farklı yoğunluklarda çilek ıslah çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, bölümümüzde gerçekleşen çilek ıslah programı sonucu ön plana çıkan ‘33’, ‘36’ ve ‘61’ kodlu genotipler ile Akdeniz bölgesinde yaygın olarak yetiştiriciliği yapılan ‘Fortuna’, ‘Rubygem’ ve ‘Festival’ gibi ticari çilek çeşitleri geniş hasat (Ocak-Mayıs) süresi boyunca meyve SÇKM, pH, asit miktarı ile et sertliği gibi özellikler bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Akdeniz iklim koşullarında ocak ayında az miktarda ürün elde edilmiş olup, söz konusu ayda incelenen çeşit ve genotiplerde en yüksek SÇKM ve meyve et sertlik değerleri elde edilmiştir. Genotipler bakımından; ‘36’ kodlu olan, sezon boyunca %8,0 ile %13,1 arasında değişen SÇKM değerleriyle diğerlerine göre yüksek olması yanında, nispeten düşük asit içeriğiyle de dikkat çekmiştir. Bu genotip tat bakımından güçlü yönüne rağmen, 0,63 lb/inch2 meyve et sertlik değeriyle ticari çeşitlere (1,10-1,20 lb/inch2) göre oldukça yumuşak bulunmuştur. Bütün bu bilgiler doğrultusunda, her yönüyle çok iyi bir çeşit elde etmenin fizyolojik ve genetik nedenlerden dolayı mümkün olmadığı düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, çilek ıslahçıları belirledikleri temel amaçlar doğrultusundaki özellikleri en yüksek seviyelerde bünyesinde barındıran çilek çeşidi geliştirmeyi hedeflemelidirler.

In this study, the effects of different hormones and their doses on the micropropagation and rooting of two strawberry cultivar candidates (291 and 299) selected from last step of breeding program carried out by Horticulture Department of Cukurova University (Adana, Turkey) and their parents (Rubygem and Kaşka cultivars developed by Horticulture Department of Cukurova University) were investigated using shoot-tip culture. Nodal segments of strawberry runners were sterilized through keeping in 7% sodium hypochlorite solution containing 1–2 drops of Tween-20 for 10 minutes. Five different Murashige ve Skoog (MS) nutrient media combinations containing 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) at the ratios 0.75 and 1.50 mg L–1 were tested (Medium 1: MS + 30 g L–1 sucrose, 7 g L–1 agar, Medium 2: MS + 30 g L–1 sucrose, 7 g L–1 agar + 0.75 mg L–1 BAP, Medium 3: MS + 30 g L–1 sucrose, 7 g L–1 agar + 1.50 mg L–1 BAP, Medium 4: MS + 30 g L–1 sucrose, 7 g L–1 agar + 0.75 mg L–1 TDZ, Medium 5: MS + 30 g L–1 sucrose, 7 g L–1 agar + 1.50 mg L–1 TDZ). During the study, darkening, infection and rooting rates (%), shoot number per plant in both first and second sub-culture, root number per plant and root length (cm) parameters were examined. Use of four genotypes/cultivars and five nutrient media, this study was planned according to the factorial design of randomized plots with three replications. JMP package program and LSD test were used for statistical evaluation of data obtained. It was found that the media including TDZ was generally more effective than BAP in terms of shoot proliferation in both first and second sub-culture. The number of shoots per explant varied from 0 to 4.18 shoots per explant in the first sub-culture. Regarding to mean of genotypes and media, Kaşka cultivar (2.53 shoots per explant) and medium 5 (2.88 shoots per explant) gave the best results, respectively. In the second sub-culture, the number of shoots per explant changed between 0.33 and 4.83 shoots per explant. According to mean of genotypes and media, Kaşka cultivar (3.23 shoots per explant) and medium 4 (3.63 shoots per explant) were found to be the best material and medium, respectively. Regarding to rooting parameters, it was determined that the hormone-free MS medium was highly efficient. The number of root per in vitro plant varied from 0 to 30 roots per in vitro plant. According to mean of genotypes and media, Rubygem cultivar (9.60 roots per in vitro plant) and medium 1 (22.30 roots per in vitro plant) gave the best results, respectively. Root lenght changed between 0 and 5.04 cm. Regarding to mean of genotypes and media, the best values were obtained from Kaşka cultivar (2.10 cm) and medium 1 (3.89 cm), respectively. The value of 0 obtained from rooting parameters refers to in vitro plants that can not be rooted. Infection rate was low in both sub-cultures. Especially in the first sub-culture, it was observed only in the genotype 299 cultured in the medium 3. In the second subculture, infection was detected at low rates in the genotypes 291 and 299 and Rubygem cultivar cultured media 2, 3 and 5. No darkening was observed in the explants cultured in both sub-cultures. Based on genotypes, Kaşka cultivar developed in the Horticulture Department of Cukurova University (Turkey) was found to be superior in terms of both shooting and rooting criteria. Achieving successful results of this cultivar will speed up its use in breeding studies. Based on the study result and literature, it was concluded that the selection of the appropriate hormone type and dose are genotype-dependent.

Abstract The sequence space l(p) $l(p)$ having an important role in summability theory was defined and studied by Maddox (Q. J. Math. 18:345–355, 1967). In the present paper, we generalize the space l(p) $l(p)$ to the space |Eϕr|(p) $\vert E_{\phi }^{r} \vert (p)$ derived by the absolute summability of Euler mean. Also, we show that it is a paranormed space and linearly isomorphic to l(p) $l(p)$. Further, we determine α-, β-, and γ-duals of this space and construct its Schauder basis. Also, we characterize certain matrix operators on the space.

Araştırmada farklı sulama seviyeleri ve biyoaktivatör (ComCat) uygulamalarının ‘Rubygem’ çilek çeşidinde meyve kalite kriterleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada dört farklı sulama seviyesi incelenmiş olup, A sınıfı buharlaşma kabından ölçülen buharlaşma miktarının tamamı olan IR100 konusu, uygulanacak suyun yarısının verileceği konu IR50, %75’inin verileceği konu IR75 ve %125’inin verileceği konu IR125 olarak adlandırılmıştır. İlave olarak biyoaktivatör uygulamaları bitki dikiminden yaklaşık iki ay sonra 3’er hafta arayla 4 kez yapılmıştır. Biyoaktivatörün incelenen parametreler üzerine tek başına etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur. Sulama düzeylerindeki azalmayla meyvelerde özellikle tadı etkileyen SÇKM ve şeker/asit oranının önemli düzeyde arttığı görülmüştür. En yüksek SÇKM ve şeker/asit oranı %9,42 ve 21,7 değerleri ile IR50 konusundan elde edilmiştir. Buna karşın IR100 konusu dışındaki bütün uygulamalarda meyve ağırlığında önemli düzeyde azalmalar belirlenmiştir. Her ne kadar kısıtlı sulama meyve ağırlığında azalmaya neden olsa da son zamanlarda tüketicilerin yeme kalitesine verdikleri önem nedeniyle söz konusu rejimde meyvelerde artan şeker içeriği ile şeker/asit düzeyi çilek yetiştiricileri için önemli bir strateji olabilecektir. Bununla birlikte meyve ağırlığında azalmaya neden olmayan tam sulamanın biyoaktivatör ile birlikte uygulanmasıyla meyve tadının arttırılabileceği de belirlenmiştir.

The main purpose of this study was to measure farmers’ sustainable agriculture perception and its determinants in Turkey based on a case study in Mersin Province. The data were collected from randomly selected 239 farmers in June 2017. The data set were gathered by using a structured questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.946. According to the result, farmers had favorable perception in issues related to sustainable agricultural practices such as protection of agricultural resources, negative effects of agrochemicals on human health and the environment, input application, crop rotation, minimum tillage etc. In addition, the study revealed that agricultural programs on TV and radio, credit use and cooperative partnership were factors that affected farmers’ sustainable agriculture perceptions. The study investigated farmers’ sustainable agriculture perception, not predict whether farmers will adopt sustainable agriculture practices or whether they did them. Hence, it is necessary that further research should be conducted to find out whether farmers are likely to do so or whether really they did them.

By (X; Y ) we denote the set of all sequences such thatPa nnis summable X wheneverPa n is summable Y , where X and Y are sum-mability methods. In this paper we characterize the set (jC; jk ;N; p n) fork > 1; > 􀀀1 and arbitrary positive sequence (pn) using functional analytictechniques, and so extend the known results of Mazhar [2] ; Mehdi [3] and theauthor [10; 12].