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Orman ağacı ıslah çalışmalarında, uzun süre gözlemlenen genetik testler ile ıslah programları için genetik parametreler tahmin edilmektedir. Söz konusu parametrelerin tahminleri ıslah programını etkileyeceğinden tahmin için kullanılacak doğrusal karma modelin seçimi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Kullanılan doğrusal karma modellerde tahmin, genellikle artık (residual) veya kısıtlı maksimum olabilirlik (REML) yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilir. Farklı sabit etkileri olan modellerin olabilirliğe (likelihood) dayalı bilgi kriterleri ile kıyaslanabilmesi için, modellerin maksimum olabilirlik (maximum likelihood) kullanılarak tahmin edilmesi önerilmektedir. Orman ağaçları ıslahı çalışmalarında doğrusal karma model seçiminde farklı modeller denenerek model uyumunu arttıran en kullanışlı model seçilmelidir. Orman ağaçları ıslah çalışmalarında modellerin uyumunu kıyaslamak için ise genellikle Akaike (AIC) bilgi kriterinin kullanılması önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, doğrusal karma model seçiminin gerekliliğini ve önemini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için, Muğla-Marmaris’te açık tozlaşma ürünü 168 aile (üvey kardeş) ile tesis edilmiş olan Kızılçam döl deneme sahasındaki ağaçların on ikinci yaş göğüs yüksekliği çap verileri kullanılarak modeller kıyaslanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde geleneksel (basit), mekânsal bileşen içeren, artığın bağımsız veya birinci dereceden iki boyutlu ayrılabilir otoregresif korelasyon hata yapısı olduğunu varsayan toplamda otuziki farklı model denenmiştir. Geleneksel modelin AIC değeri (Model-1=5594.1), mekânsal bileşen ve artığın otoregresif korelasyon yapısı içeren modellere kıyasla (Model-20=5447) daha yüksek bulunmuştur

Bu çalışmanın amacı Etrüsklerde dans faaliyetlerinin topluma yansıması ve amaçları üzerine güncel yorumlamalarda bulunmaktır. Literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Etrüsk mezar resimlerindeki konular ve özellikle de danslar genel olarak cenaze ve mezarla ilişkilidir. İtalya'nın Tarquinia kentindeki 2500 yıllık bir Etrüsk mezarının duvarları, parlak renkli dansçı ve müzisyenlerin resimleriyle kaplıdır. Mevcut Etrüsk metinleri, dansa yönelik tutumlarla ilgili bilgi sunmaz. Etrüsk dans ikonografisi, MÖ 6. yüzyılda başlayan Arkaik ve Klasik Dönemlerde ortaya çıkar. Ancak birkaç örnek Etrurya'da MÖ 2. yüzyıla kadar devam eder. Dans, duvar resmi, rölyef heykel, süslü seramikler, bronz heykelcikler ve şamdanlar, oyma bronz aynalar ve oyulmuş değerli taşlar gibi büyük ve küçük ölçekli, iki ve üç boyutlu ortamlarda tasvir edilir. Mezarlardaki giysiler, dansçıların önce yavaş hareket ettiğini, sonra dönüp daha hızlı ve daha hızlı sıçradığını gösterir. Sonuç:Etrüsklerde dans sahneleri çokça mezar duvarlarına yansımıştır. Bunlardan en önemlisi Tarquinia kentindeki mezarların duvar resimlerinde müzikli olduğu düşünülen dans sahneleridir. Bu dans sahnelerinin amaçları arasında insanları tanrılara yaklaştırma ve eğlence amacı olduğu gibi cenazelerde üzüntüyü dağıtma olabilir. Etrüsklerin özellikle cenaze oyunlarında sadece ölüleri anma ve üzüntüyü dağıtma değil hayatta olanları da ilgilendiren bir geçiş ayini de yapılırdı. Yarışmalar içerisinde de danslar ve ziyafetler vardı. Danslar ile toplumda ölümün getirdiği psikolojik sıkıntılardan kurtulma ve geleceği garanti altına almak için güç toplamaya yardımcı olmak amaçlamış olabilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Etrüskler, Dans, Mezar, Cenaze, Spor

Alan bilgisi, bir öğretmenin öğretmek için sahip olduğu anlık bilgi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Yeterli alan bilgisine sahip olmak öğreticiler için vazgeçilmezdir. Spor bilimleri alanında farklı bölümlerde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin fiziksel aktivite ve spor derslerinde yeterli alan bilgisine sahip olmaları beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı spor bilimleri öğrencilerinin futbol alan bilgisi düzeylerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 38 antrenörlük eğitimi bölümü (22 erkek ve 16 kadın), 45 spor yöneticiliği bölümü (31 erkek ve 14 kadın) ve 34 rekreasyon bölümü (22 erkek ve 12 kadın) öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmada, nedensel karşılaştırma tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların genel alan bilgisi düzeyini ölçmek için Dervent ve arkadaşları (2018) tarafından geliştirilen futbol genel alan bilgisi testi kullanılmıştır. Özelleşmiş alan bilgisi için ise Ward ve arkadaşları (2017) tarafından geliştirilen içerik haritaları tercih edilmiştir. İstatistiksel hesaplamalarda ANOVA ve tanımlayıcı istatistik tercih edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre üç grubun genel ve özelleşmiş alan bilgisi düzeyleri beklenen değerin altında bulunmuştur. ANOVA bulgularına göre üç bölüm öğrencilerinin futbol genel alan bilgisi (F(1,114)=1.07, p>.05) ve özelleşmiş alan bilgisi (F(1,114)=.76, p>.05) arasında anlamlı farklılık belirlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, antrenörlük eğitimi, spor yöneticiliği ve rekreasyon bölümü öğrencileri beklenen futbol genel ve özelleşmiş alan bilgisi düzeyine ulaşamamıştır. Belirtilen bölümlerdeki fiziksel aktivite ve spor derslerinin alan bilgisinin alt boyutlarına göre yeniden düzenlenmesi önerilir.

The properties of high-entropy alloys containing five or more elements show systematic evolutions with varying valence-electron concentration. This can allow them to be tailored to carry a particular feature or a property. We have prepared a six-component alloy (MnFeCoNiCu)$$_{75}$$ 75 Al$$_{25}$$ 25 , where MnFeCoNiCu makes up the high-entropy part with $$e/a=9.0$$ e / a = 9.0 and the added 25 at.% Al causes the whole of the material to take up a B2-ordered structure with $$e/a=7.5$$ e / a = 7.5 . Because the structure becomes ordered, the material partially loses its high-entropy character but acquires a ferromagnetic Heusler-like property with a Curie temperature of 525 K and an average magnetic moment of 0.8 $$\upmu _{\text {B}}$$ μ B . The whole of the system mimics Co$$_3$$ 3 Al, which cannot be stabilized under normal conditions.

NiMn is a collinear antiferromagnet with high magneto crystalline anisotropy ($K_2=-9.7\times10^5\;\text{J m}^{-3}$). Through magnetic annealing of NiMn with excess Ni, strongly pinned magnetic moments emerge due to an imbalance in the distribution of Ni in the antiferromagnetic Mn-sublattices. The results are explained with a model of magnetic-field-biased diffusion, supported by ab initio calculations. Another observation is the oxidation of Mn at the surface, causing an enrichment of Ni in the sub-surface region. This leads to an additional ferromagnetic response appearing in the magnetization measurements, which can be removed by surface polishing.

The adiabatic temperature change ΔTad of a Mn1:3Fe0:7P0:5Si0:55 Fe2P-type alloy was measured under different magnetic field-sweep rates from 0:93 Ts-1 to 2870 Ts-1. We find a field-sweep-rate independent magnetocaloric effect due a partial alignment of magnetic moments in the paramagnetic region overlapping with the magnetocaloric effect of the first-order phase transition. Additionally, the first-order phase transition is not completed even in fields up to 20T leading to a non-saturating behavior of ΔTad. Measurements in different pulsed fields reveal that the first-order phase transition cannot follow the fast field changes as previously assumed, resulting in a distinct field-dependent hysteresis in ΔTad.

Invar and anti-Invar are materials having anomalously low and high thermal expansion coefficients, respectively. In the case of Invar, this is related to magneto-volume fluctuations occurring between a large-volume-high-moment state and an energetically higher-lying small-volume-low-moment state. For anti-Invar it is the opposite. For 3d metals and alloys, the occurrence of both effects is governed by the valence-electron-concentration, $e/a$. The authors provide a face-lift for Invar alloys by showing that they can also be tailored as 3d high-entropy alloys just by choosing the proper valence-electron-concentration - in this case ($e/a)=$ 8.7 electrons/atom. The study thus presents a method to identify new alloy variants that could combine the functional properties of Invar with beneficial features that have been identified for high-entropy alloys, such as high mechanical strength and excellent corrosion resistance.

Aim: This research is to reveal the aggression levels of 103 female football players playing in women's football clubs in Tekirdağ and Kütahya provinces, according to their cigarette and alcohol use. In addition, the aggression levels of the participants were examined according to their age, education, years of doing sports, the environment where they grew up and lived, and where they lived. Method: "Aggression Scale" developed by Kiper (1984) was used to obtain the research data. This scale, developed by Kiper (1984), consists of 30 items with three sub-dimensions: destructive aggression, impulsive aggression and passive aggression. Multi-Frequency Analysis, Independent Sample T-Test, and One-Way Analysis of Variance were applied by using SPSS 21.0 program in data analysis. Results: There is no difference between the aggression attitudes of female football players according to age, education, year of doing sports, the environment where they grew up and lived, and where they live (p>0.05). Conclusion: It has been determined that the aggression scores of female football players who do not smoke and alcohol are higher than those who do. Although it has been scientifically proven that smoking and alcohol use trigger aggression, our results show the opposite.

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to examine the communication levels of female volleyball players according to their leisure time activities. In addition, the communication levels of the participants according to their age, education, years of doing sports and the number of siblings were also examined. Method: Our sample group consists of 147 female volleyball players who played volleyball in volleyball clubs in Kütahya and Tekirdağ provinces in 2019. Descriptive research method was used in the research. Data were collected from volunteer participants by using the “Communication Skills Assessment Scale” (CIDI) developed by Korkut (1996). The scale has a single sub-dimension and consists of 25 items and the Cronbach Alpha value was found to be .86. By directing distribution normality to parametric tests, multiple frequency analysis, one-way variance and correlation analyzes were applied. Results: While there is no significant difference between age, education, number of siblings and communication skills of female volleyball players, there is a significant difference according to the year of doing sports and leisure time activities. The communication level of female volleyball players who have been playing sports for 4-9 years is higher than those who have been doing sports for 10 years or more. In addition, those who read books in their free time got the highest score, and those who went to the movies got the lowest score. In the correlation analysis, there is a weak positive relationship between the communication levels of volleyball players with reading books, and a weak negative relationship with the scores of going to the movies. Conclusion: According to the data results of 147 female volleyball players participating in the study, the communication skill scores of female volleyball players reading books in leisure activities were higher than the others.

Journal of physics / D 54(18), 185002 (2021). doi:10.1088/1361-6463/abe3b0, Fe doping in Ni$_2$Mn$_{1.5}$In$_{0.5}$ results in suppression of the martensitic phase via two contrasting routes. In Ni$_2$Mn$_{1.5 − x}$FexIn$_{0.5}$, the martensitic phase is converted to a strain glassy phase, while in Ni$_{2 − y}$FeyMn$_{1.5}$In$_{0.5}$, a cubic ferromagnetic phase results at the expense of the martensite. Careful studies of magnetic and structural properties reveal the presence of the impurity $γ$-(Fe,Ni) phase as the reason for the emergence of non-ergodic strain glassy phase when Fe is sought to be doped at Y/Z (Mn) sites of X$_2$YZ Heusler alloy. Whereas attempts to dope Fe in the X (Ni) sublattice result in an A2 type antisite disorder that promotes a ferromagnetic ground state., Published by IOP Publ., Bristol

Bu araştırmada; spor bilimler fakültesinde ve spor liselerinde okuyan sporcuların olumlu düşünme beceri düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma tarama modelinde bir çalışmadır. Farklı değişkenler arasında karşılaştırmalarda incelendiği için karşılaştırmalı ilişkisel tarama modeli özelliklerini de bulundurmaktadır. Örneklem grubunu 2019-2020 döneminde Isparta, Kütahya, Antalya ve Afyon da farklı üniversite spor bilimler fakültesinde ve spor liselerinde okuyan ve en az 5 yıl spor yapan 110’u kadın, 316’i erkek olmak üzere toplam 426 öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılara ölçek hakkında detaylı bilgiler verilmiştir. Veriler elektronik ortamda hazırlanıp katılımcılara e posta ile olarak gönderilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak, Olumlu Düşünme Becerileri Ölçeği 8 maddelik tek boyutlu bir ölçek kullanılmıştır. Ölçek 4’lü derecelendirmeye sahiptir. Ölçeğin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları Akın, Uysal ve Akın (2015) tarafından yapılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılımı çarpıklık ve basıklık testiyle belirlenmiş, verilerin normal dağılım göstermeleri nedeniyle parametrik testler uygulanmıştır. Sporcuların olumlu düşünme beceri düzeylerini belirlemek için tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden faydalanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi .05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucu elde edilen bulgulara göre; sporcuların olumlu düşünme beceri düzeyleri ile cinsiyet arasında yapılan karşılaştırmada anlamlı farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sporcuların olumlu düşünme beceri düzeyleri ile yaş arasında yapılan karşılaştırmada anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Sporcuların aktif spor yapma durumları ile olumlu düşünme becerileri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sporcuların yaşadığı bölge durumu ile olumlu düşünme beceri düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıştır. Sporcuların eğitim durumları ile olumlu düşünme becerileri arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak sporcuların olumlu düşünme beceri düzeyleri ile eğitim durumu, yaş, yaşadığı bölge arasında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilirken cinsiyet ve aktif spor yapma durumlarında herhangi bir farklılık bulunamamıştır.

Mn-based antiperovskite compounds in the form ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}AX$, where $A$ is a main group element and $X$ is C or N, undergo magnetostructural transitions with which these materials acquire magnetocaloric, giant magnetoresistance, and spin-transport properties, which can be modified or tailored by manipulating the compositions of numerous compounds. This enables closer investigations and better understandings of the underlying principles governing these properties. ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}\mathrm{GaC}$, which is a derivative of the prototype ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}\mathrm{GaC}$ antiperovskite, would normally be expected to form a cubic structure with a homogeneous composition. Contrary to this, we find that the addition of Ni leads to a heterogenous compound consisting of an antiperovskite part and a ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}\mathrm{MnGa}$ Heusler insertions. The system shows kinetic arrest features, which we study as a function of Ni composition using the techniques of x-ray diffraction, magnetization, and neutron diffraction under a magnetic field.

WOS: 000519988900002 Martensitic transformations are strain driven displacive transitions governing the mechanical and physical properties in intermetallic materials. This is the case in Ni2MnGa, where the martensite transition is at the heart of the striking magnetic shape memory and magnetocaloric properties. Interestingly, the martensitic transformation is preceded by a premartensite phase, and the role of this precursor and its influence on the martensitic transition and properties is still a matter of debate. In this work we report on the influence of Co doping (Ni50-xCoxMn25Ga25 with x = 3 and 5) on the martensitic transformation path in stoichiometric Ni2MnGa by neutron diffraction. The use of the superspace formalism to describe the crystal structure of the modulated martensitic phases, joined with a group theoretical analysis, allows unfolding the different distortions featuring the structural transitions. Finally, a general Landau thermodynamic potential of the martensitic transformation, based on the symmetry analysis, is outlined. The combined use of phenomenological and crystallographic studies highlights the close relationship between the lattice distortions at the core of the Ni2MnGa physical properties and, more in general, on the properties of the martensitic transformations in the Ni-Mn based Heusler systems. Departments of Excellence' program of the Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research (MIUR, 2018-2022) The authors acknowledge the Science and Technology Facilities Council for providing neutron beamtime on the WISH beamline. F.O. acknowledges Dr. Giovanni Romanelli for useful discussion. This work has benefited from the COMPHUB Initiative, funded by the `Departments of Excellence' program of the Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research (MIUR, 2018-2022).

Martensitic transition temperature steadily decreases in Ni$_{2-x}$Fe$_{x}$Mn$_{1.5}$In$_{0.5}$ and is completely suppressed at $x$ = 0.2. Despite suppression of martensitic transition, Ni$_{1.8}$Fe$_{0.2}$Mn$_{1.5}$In$_{0.5}$ does not display the expected strain glassy phase. Instead, a ground state with dominant ferromagnetic interactions is observed. A study of structural and magnetic properties of $x$ = 0.2 reveal that the alloy consists of a major Fe rich cubic phase and a minor Fe deficient monoclinic phase favoring a ferromagnetic ground state. This is exactly opposite of that observed in Ni$_2$Mn$_{1-y}$Fe$_{y}$In$_{0.5}$ wherein a strain glassy phase is observed for $y$ = 0.1. The change in site symmetry of Fe when doped for Ni in contrast to Mn in the Heusler composition seems to support the growth of the ferromagnetic phase.

Ni-Co-Mn-In Heusler-based compounds are interesting for their magnetocaloric properties and have been widely investigated for this purpose. For Co compositions more than 5 at% in (${\mathrm{Ni}}_{100\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{)}_{50}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{25+y}{\mathrm{In}}_{25\ensuremath{-}y}$ the material is no longer single phase, and for $yl25$, shell-ferromagnetic precipitation occurs. Our study is twofold: First we study here the shell-ferromagnetic properties of these systems and show that their ferromagnetic exchange can be strengthened by introducing Co into the precipitate. Second, we further show that both the multiphase character and shell-ferromagnetic precipitation have strong implications on the magnetocaloric properties.

The thermodynamic instability of the off-stoichiometric Ni 49.8 Mn 45.1 Sn 5.1 martensitic Heusler causes it to decompose into ferromagnetic Ni 50 Mn 25 Sn 25 precipitates and an antiferromagnetic NiMn matrix. If the decomposition takes place under an applied magnetic field, the shell of the precipitates acquires a preferred spin orientation that is strongly pinned by the anisotropy of the matrix. The pinning leads to a large vertical shift in the field dependence of the magnetization even at temperatures as high as 500 K. The positive remanence remains permanent even when the magnetic field is cycled or when the sample is directionally manipulated with respect to the external field, providing a non-volatile magnetic-field-proof memory as a further functionality to those existing in martensitic Heuslers.

This study was conducted to find out how the empathic tendency levels of adolescent high school students were shaped in terms of sport activities and some variables. The study group includes a total of 1868 students, 866 females and 1002 males, between the ages 14 and 18 who were studying in different high schools (science high school, vocational high school, sports high school, Anatolian high school, etc). The data were collected through Emphatic Tendency Scale developed by Dokmen (1988) and the personal information form developed by the researchers. In conclusion, this study conducted on adolescent high school students showed that students within adolescence age groups showed similar emphatic tendencies, female students had higher emphatic tendencies, parents' being alive and educational and economic status influenced emphatic tendency and participation in sport was important and sports performed within a circle of friends caused positive contributions.

Trembling aspen is a fast growing, broadly distributed tree in North America that reproduces by root suckers (clonally) and by seeds (sexually). Since timber harvesting can affect both reproduction pathways by changing the soil properties, we assessed genet diversity, genetic structure, and phenotypic trait expression of trembling aspen populations after clear-cut harvesting in a long-term soil productivity study site in Michigan. A total of 323 stems in replicated plots having heavy soil compaction and surface organic matter (OM) removed, and the untreated controls, were analyzed at microsatellites and for phenotypic traits. Overall, higher spatial aggregation of ramets from the same genet, a greater spatial separation of different genets, and a very good phenotypic separation among genets was observed in the treatment plots. In contrast, for plots with spatially intermixed clones phenotypic separation was much lower. Genetic differentiation was high between individual plots, but soil compaction and OM removal had little effect on genetic differentiation and diversity. One treatment plot was strongly differentiated phenotypically, but not genetically, from all other plots. Consequently, microenvironmental and genetic differences should be considered when forest management effects on trait expressions and productivity are analyzed. Overall, heavy soil compaction and OM removal in fine-textured soil seemed to have restricted the spread of aspen clones.

The aim of this study is to determine the heathy lifestyle behaviour level of Physical Education and Sports College students actively engaged in sports with sedentary students of the Arts and Scien...

Shell ferromagnetism is a new functional property of certain Heusler alloys which was recently observed in ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{50}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{45}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$. We report the results of a comparative study of the magnetic microstructure of bulk ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{50}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{45}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ Heusler alloys using magnetometry, synchrotron x-ray diffraction, and magnetic small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). By combining unpolarized and spin-polarized SANS (so-called POLARIS) we demonstrate that a number of important conclusions regarding the mesoscopic spin structure can be made. In particular, the analysis of the magnetic neutron data suggests that nanoprecipitates with an effective ferromagnetic component form in an antiferromagnetic matrix on field annealing at $700\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. These particles represent sources of perturbation, which seem to give rise to magnetically disordered regions in the vicinity of the particle-matrix interface. Analysis of the spin-flip SANS cross section via the computation of the correlation function yields a value of $\ensuremath{\sim}55$ nm for the particle size and $\ensuremath{\sim}20$ nm for the size of the spin-canted region.

WOS: 000457409600012 Off stoichiometric Heuslers in the form Ni(50)Mn(50-x)Z(x), where Z can be a group 13-15 element of the periodic system, decompose at about 650 K into a ferromagnetic full Heusler Ni(50)Mn(25)Z(25) and an antiferromagnetic Ni50Mn50 component. We study here the case for Z as Sb and report on shell-ferromagnetic properties as well as thermal instabilities. Unlike the case for other Z-elements, in Ni50Mn50-xSbx, the minimum decomposition temperature corresponds to a temperature lying within the austenite state so that it is possible to observe the change in the martensitic transition temperature while annealing, thus providing further information on the change of composition during annealing. Scherrer analysis performed on emerging peaks related to the cubic full-Heusler shows that the precipitate size for shell-FM properties to become observable is around 5-10 nm. Other than vertical shifts in the field-dependence of the magnetization, which are also observed in compounds with Z other than Sb, concurrent exchange-bias effects are observed in the case with Z as Sb. (C) Author(s). Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)German Research Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1599] This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (No. SPP 1599). The DAAD is gratefully acknowledged.

Aggression and violence have been a customary part of life that mankind has had to live with from the beginning of time; it has been accepted by society even though it expresses endless negativity. Aggression and violence can find a place in sports events and football games because of the social problems of the audience watching the competitions or games, which sometimes fall into the category of hooliganism. Turkey is one of the countries that should consider this problem to be a serious social problem. Even during 2014 and 2015, a relatively short period of time, there were significant hazardous acts committed by hooligans. In February 2014, one supporter was killed after a game between Liverpool and Arsenal in England; in March 2014, a game between Trabzonspor and Fenerbahce was left half-finished because of violent acts in the stadium that caused players in the pitch to believe that they could not leave stadium alive, although they finally left after a few hours; in another incident in March 2014, one supporter was killed after a game between Helsingborg and Djugarden in Sweden; in November 2014, one supporter was killed and 14 supporters were injured before the game between Atletico Madrid and Deportivo in Spain. These are all examples of aggression, violence, and hooliganism in football. This paper aims to discuss aggression, violence, and hooliganism in football, especially in recent years, and investigate what can be done to prevent these acts from occurring again in the future by examining them in hindsight.

Fe-Bi nanoparticles were prepared in the gas-phase by DC magnetron sputtering and in-fight annealing. The morphological, structural and compositional properties were investigated by High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. High-resolution microscopy studies show that primary particles produced without in-flight annealing are spherical with a diameter of about 50 nm. Particles sintered at 773 K acquire a dumbbell structure with Fe-FeO and Bi sections.

It has already been theoretically shown that sandwich-type structures prepared by stacking metal nanoparticles in two graphene layers would have exceptional optical and electrical properties for practical applications. These sandwich structures designed by band gap engineering could lead to materials capable of being developed to meet industrial demands. In order to confirm this theoretical approach, copper nanoparticle (CuNP) islands decorated in sandwich-type single-layer graphene (SLG) have been designed and used as a non-enzymatic sensor platform for the first time. Firstly, SLG has been synthesized on copper foil using a chemical vapor deposition technique and transferred onto a fluorine-doped tin oxide surface. Next, CuNPs on this SLG have been prepared using an inert-gas condensation method based on DC magnetron sputtering. A sensor platform based on the sandwich-type hetero-structure (SLG/CuNP/SLG) has been constructed by transferring another single layer of graphene onto the prepared CuNP-decorated graphene layer. In this way, a unique sandwich structure has been obtained for further applications by stacking nanoparticles with high stability, controlled size and regular particle distribution between impurity-free, large-area single layers of graphene. The sensor properties of this sandwich structure to the saccharides have been compared with those of the single-layer sensor platform (CuNP/SLG). In accordance with the theoretical studies in the literature, it has been found that the sandwich structure greatly improves sensor properties such as limit of detection, stability and response time. More importantly, it was determined that the sandwich structure acts as a shielding layer, protecting nanoparticles from electrochemical/optical and other environmental conditions. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Shell-ferromagnetism is observed in Mn-rich NiMn-based Heusler alloys as a result of phase-separation. Off-stoichiometric NiMn-based Heusler alloys decompose into a dual-phase composite when annealed under a magnetic field. As a result of this process, an initially anti-ferromagnetic Heusler alloy gains hard-ferromagnetic properties with a nearly 10 Tesla coercive field of a core/shell structured precipitate. In the present study, Ni50.1Mn42.1Sn7.8 and Ni50.4Mn36.6Sn13.0 alloys are investigated for magnetic and structural instabilities and shell-ferromagnetic decomposition to obtain information on the compositional limits of the decomposition. Furthermore, we investigate the magneto-transport properties of shell-ferromagnets obtained by annealing Ni49.8Mn45.1Sn5.1 in a magnetic-field. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

The off-stoichiometric antiferromagnetic Heusler alloy Fe50Mn45Ga5 decomposes and forms ferromagnetic Fe50Mn25Ga25 precipitates embedded in an antiferromagnetic Fe50Mn50 matrix when temper-annealed at temperatures T > 550 K. The ferromagnetism of the precipitates is soft so that the magnetization direction of the non-interacting precipitates in a macroscopic material can be manipulated by locally applied fields so that even two similar poles can form at the ends of a centimeter-long bar. The cause for the soft magnetic behavior is due to the weak AF exchange anisotropy of the cubic Fe50Mn50 matrix and the precipitate.

Heusler compounds and alloys form a unique class of intermetallic systems with functional properties interfering with basic questions of fundamental aspects of materials science. Among the functional properties, the magnetic shape memory behavior (Planes et al., J Phys: Condens Matter 21:233201 (29 pp), 2009) and the ferrocaloric effects like the inverse magnetocaloric effect which is associated with the first order magnetostructural transformation with a jump-like change of the magnetization with lowering of temperature (Acet et al., Magnetic-field-induced effects in martensitic Heusler-based magnetic shape memory alloys. In: Bushow KHJ (ed) Handbook of magnetic materials, vol 19. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 231–289, 2011) have been intensively investigated in various reviews. Important references can be found in Acet et al. (Magnetic-field-induced effects in martensitc Heusler-based magnetic shape memory alloys. In: Bushow KHJ (ed) Handbook of magnetic materials, vol 19. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 231–289, 2011). Besides magnetocaloric effects, other ferroic cooling mechanisms of Heuslers (electrocaloric, barocaloric, and elastocaloric ones) have recently been discussed by Xavier Moya et al. (Nat Mater 13:439–450, 2014). A discussion of caloric effects in ferroic materials including a brief discussion of the importance of correlating time and length scales can be found in Fahler et al. (Adv Eng Mater 14:10–19, 2012). In the present article, we emphasize this item further by showing that, in particular, the physics at different time scales leads to markedly different properties of the Heusler materials. “Rapidly quenched” alloys behave differently from “less rapidly quenched” alloys. In the latter case, the so-called magnetostructural transformation may vanish altogether because of segregation of the alloys into the stoichiometric L21 Heusler phase and L10 Ni-Mn occurs. We argue that this tendency for segregation is at the origin of glassiness in Heuslers.

Magnetic refrigeration relies on a substantial entropy change in a magnetocaloric material when a magnetic field is applied. Such entropy changes are present at first-order magnetostructural transitions around a specific temperature at which the applied magnetic field induces a magnetostructural phase transition and causes a conventional or inverse magnetocaloric effect (MCE). First-order magnetostructural transitions show large effects, but involve transitional hysteresis, which is a loss source that hinders the reversibility of the adiabatic temperature change DTad. However, reversibility is required for the efficient operation of the heat pump. Thus, it is the mastering of that hysteresis that is the key challenge to advance magnetocaloric materials. We review the origin of the large MCE and of the hysteresis in the most promising first-order magnetocaloric materials such as Ni–Mn-based Heusler alloys, FeRh, La(FeSi)13-based compounds, Mn3GaC antiperovskites, and Fe2P compounds. We discuss the microscopic contributions of the entropy change, the magnetic interactions, the effect of hysteresis on the reversible MCE, and the size- and time-dependence of the MCE at magnetostructural transitions.

Martensitic transformations of rapidly quenched and less rapidly cooled Heusler alloys of type Ni–Mn–X with X = Ga, In and Sn are investigated by ab initio calculations. For the rapidly cooled alloys, we obtain the magnetocaloric properties near the magnetocaloric transition. For the less rapidly quenched alloys these magnetocaloric properties start to change considerably. This shows that none of the Heulser alloys is in thermal equilibrium. Instead, each alloy transforms during temper-annealing into a dual-phase composite alloy. The two phases are identified to be cubic Ni–Mn–X and tetragonal NiMn.

It has become inevitable to design non-enzymatic biosensors to eliminate the drawbacks of enzymatic biosensors prepared using enzymes which are expensive and without long-term stability. For this purpose, a single layer graphene film was prepared by chemical vapor deposition method on Cu foil and transferred to the FTO glass slide. After that copper nanoparticles (CuNP) were decorated by the inert-gas condensation method based on DC magnetron sputtering on it. The prepared CuNP decorated graphene film was characterized and used as a non-enzymatic sensor platform for the detection of glucose. The sensor platform exhibited a fast response time of less than 4 s and the sensitivity of 430.52 μA mM−1 cm-2 with linear concentration range (0.01–1.0 mM) having detection limit 7.2 μM. Electrochemical investigations indicate that the sensor platform which is decorated CuNP graphene film possess an excellent performance toward glucose. Prepared biosensors platform could be used and applied in the field of new drug discovery, biomedical, clinical diagnosis and forensic science to miniaturize of detection instrument and reduce detection sample and period. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Thermal broadening of the first order magnetostructural transition and enhancement in ferromagnetic exchange occurs in carbon deficient Mn 3 GaC 0.9 . We show from temperature and field-dependent magnetization measurements that this leads to inhomogeneous magnetism and causes frustration and kinetic arrest effects. The arrested state is deactivated and the system returns to its ground state when the cooling-field is removed. This causes open hysteresis loops with which we study the kinetic arrest effect in this system.

Structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of La0.65(Ca0.30Pb0.05)Mn0.90Cu0.10O3 compound were investigated. The compound, prepared by the sol–gel route, was pressed into pellets and one of them was sintered at 900 °C and the other at 1000 °C for 24 h. The aim of the study was to explore structural, electrical and magnetic properties of the compound. Temperature dependent X-ray powder diffraction studies on the sample sintered at 900 °C reveal an orthorhombic-Pbnm perovskite structure through the temperature range between 320 K and 86 K. Scanning electron microcopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses showed grainy, homogeneous and stoichiometric structure. Magnetization and resistivity measurements reveal that the Curie temperatures, TC, and insulator–metal transition temperatures, TIM, coincide, but the samples sintered at 900 °C also exhibit thermal hysteresis both in magnetization and resistivity upon cooling and warming.

The La0.65Ca0.30Pb0.05Mn0.9B0.1O3 (A = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) manganites have been prepared via sol–gel method and sintered at 1100 °C for 24 h. The aim of the study was to investigate B-site cation doping effects on the magnetic properties. XRD analysis reveals that all samples have rhombohedral structure belonging to the R 3 ‾ c space group. The Curie temperature decreases as a result of Mn replacement with Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, respectively. The maximum magnetic entropy changes of the samples doped with Co, Ni, Cu and Zn for a field change of 1 T were found to be 2.10, 1.71, 3.20 and 1.42 J/kg K respectively. For La0.65Ca0.30Pb0.05MnO3, this is 2.60 J/kg K. The maximum magnetic entropy change increases as a result of Cu doping. Additionally, the metal–insulator transition temperature decreases due to the B-site doping.

Made the purpose of this study is to examine to see disabled athletes according to the dimensions of the scale of motivation in sport. The study group is comprised of 168 visually impaired athletes in total, including 51 females and 117 males, identified by the targeted sampling method, between the ages of 15-25, who do sports at elite level. The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) was developed by Pelletier (1995) basing on the Theory of Self Determination by Deci and Ryan (1985). The purpose of SMS is to determine the level of "internal motivation, external motivation and nonmotivation” of the person in the sports environment and to identify the source of motivation of the person (Kazak, 2004). Validity and reliability of the scale for Turkish athletes was studied by Kazak (2004). In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that to know and succeed and to experience stimuli and identification subdimensions are effective in sports attendance of visually impaired athletes engaged in sports at elite level. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that age, education level and sports branch variables have an impact on tendency for sports. It can be concluded that compared to older athletes, younger athletes have low tendency for sports because of anxiety and embarrassment and are not conscious about why they do sports. It has been concluded that athletes of weight lifting and judo, which have contribution to physical development at the top level, believe the nature of their sports branch contributes more to their physical development and their strength is acknowledged and appreciated by other people.// Annotate Highlight

61st Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (MMM) - OCT 31-NOV 04, 2016 - New Orleans, LA WOS: 000402797100292 Next to the multifunctional properties of Ni-Mn-based Heusler alloys new functionalities related to shell-ferromagnetism are emerging. To understand in more detail the properties of shell-ferromagnetism we examine a decomposed Ni50.0Mn45.1In4.9 off-stoichiometric compound using magnetic resonance techniques which provides details on magnetic interactions. We find that the ferromagnetic resonance profile of the shell-ferromagnetic state is symmetric for positive and negative fields and is independent of the direction of the field-sweep except for the hysteresis observed at small fields. (C) 2017 Author(s). AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet soc Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1599] Work supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SPP 1599).

61st Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (MMM) - OCT 31-NOV 04, 2016 - New Orleans, LA WOS: 000402797100291 The presentwork deals with magnetic and structural phase instabilities in Ni-Mn-based Heusler alloys especially Ni-Mn-Al. The temper-annealed Ni50Mn45Al5 Heusler alloy decomposes into the full stoichiometric Ni2MnAl and NiMn phases. The decomposed stoichiometric Heusler forms precipitates in an anti-ferromagnetic NiMn matrix and exhibits shell-ferromagnetic properties when the temper-annealing is performed under magnetic field. The shell-ferromagnetism results from the magnetic proximity effect and is observed as vertically shifted magnetization loops. The presence of this property in Ni50Mn45Al5 adds the possibility of having a ductile material while preserving the shell-ferromagnetic properties. (C) 2017 Author(s). AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet soc Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1599] Work supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SPP 1599).

La0.5Pr0.5Mn2Si2 undergoes an antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transition at about 250 K (C). This transition can also be induced by an external magnetic field leading to a metamagnetic transition. This can lead to a large change in the magnetic entropy, which is useful for magnetic cooling and studying the magnetocaloric effect. We investigated the details of the spin configuration as the magnetic ordering progresses from AF to FM by neutron diffraction techniques under magnetic fields up to 5 T and using spectral refining methods. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2017