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Bu çalışmada, BRICS-T ülkelerinin önde gelen borsalarının (BİST100, BOVESPA, MOEX, NIFTY NEXT 50, Shanghai Composite Endeksi, Güney Afrika 40 Endeksi) Oynaklık (volatilite) davranışları, asimetrik ilişkinin var olup olmadığı, dinamik kaldıraç etkili stokastik volatilite modeli (SV) yardımı ile test edilmiştir. Çalışma 28.05.2001 – 22.11.2023 tarihleri arasında günlük olarak elde edilen verileri ele almaktadır. Öncelikle ele alınan borsalara ait günlük verilerin logaritmik farkları alınarak getiri serisi hesaplanmıştır. Dinamik kaldıraç etkili asimetrik stokastik volatilite (ASV) modeli yardımıyla borsa endekslerindeki oynaklığın kalıcılığı ve öngörülebilirliği incelenmiştir. Ayrıca ele alınan borsa endekslerinin getirilerinde meydana gelen şoklar ile oynaklık etkisi arasındaki korelasyonun düzeyi de dikkate alınmıştır. Bulgulara göre söz konusu dönemde ele alınan borsa endekslerinin oynaklık sürekliliğine ve oynaklığın güçlü bir öngörülebilirlik seviyesine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu borsalarda asimetrik oynaklık ve güçlü kaldıraç etkisinin varlığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.

Splenic flexure tumors are a subtype of colon tumors whose treatment is still debated. We aim to evaluate the surgical methods and short-term outcomes of splenic flexure tumors. Fourteen patients with colonic tumors at or near the splenic flexure who underwent subtotal colectomy in the surgical oncology department of Samsun Training and Research Hospital between August 2017 and March 2020 were retrospectively evaluated in terms of postoperative morbidity, mortality, and early oncologic outcomes. Of the fourteen patients evaluated, twelve were urgent and two were elective. Four patients underwent additional organ resection as a curative surgery. The pathology was colonic adenocarcinoma in all patients, and the histotype was mucinous in five patients (35.7%). Lymph node positivity was detected in six patients (42.8%) and metastasis in one patient (7.1%). Postoperatively, two patients (14.2%) developed surgical site infection, and one patient (7.1%) died. Eight (57.1%) patients complained of more frequent defecation, with a mean bowel movement frequency of 3±1.6 times daily. Based on our clinical experience, subtotal colectomy is appropriate for emergency surgical treatment of splenic flexure tumors, whereas left hemicolectomy is appropriate under elective conditions. [Med-Science 2023; 12(3.000): 737-40]

This study aims to evaluate the perception of anxiety, tinnitus, and noise sensitivity in liver transplant patients according to early and late periods following transplantation. The study included 76 patients with liver transplantation. They were divided into two groups according to the duration of time after transplantation: early (1-3 years) and late (5 years or more). A demographic data form, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered and used for data collection. There was a statistically significant difference between the early and late-period groups in terms of WNSS and THI scores (p0.05). Noise sensitivity and tinnitus perception of the late-period group were statistically higher than those of the early-period group (p [Med-Science 2023; 12(3.000): 896-901]

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of skeletal muscle injury in the clinical course of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) using creatine kinase (CK) levels. Materials and Methods: The medical records of all patients with COVID-19 cases were retrospectively retrieved. These comprised two groups: patients with high CK levels and patients with normal CK levels. The CK level and its relationship with other clinical features and outcome were analyzed. Results: In the study period, 994 patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 were identified. Of them, CK was measured in 873 patients. There were 74 patients with CK >500 IU/l and 33 patients with CK >1,000 IU/l. Seventeen patients had weakness and CK >500 IU/l. Use of favipiravir and hospitalization in the intensive care unit were the risk factors for high CK levels. The CK levels positively correlated with age, duration of hospitalization, duration in intensive care, and levels of liver function tests, serum urea, D-dimer, and ferritin levels, and negatively correlated with oxygen saturation and thrombocyte levels. Conclusion: This study showed that the use of favipiravir is a potential risk factor for elevated CK levels. Severe systemic inflammation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thrombosis may facilitate skeletal muscle damage. Prolonged intensive care is probably related to more severe inflammatory and coagulation response.

Breast cancer is a complex disease with various histopathological and molecular features. We aimed to investigate the clinicopathological predictor factors, especially molecular sub-types, on axillary involvement in breast cancer patients. Female patients who underwent mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary dissection were included in this study. Clinicopathological features including age, tumor location, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, grade, tumor size, and hormonal receptor status were recorded. The cohort consisted of 238 patients. The mean age of the participants was 55.24±11.52 years. The most common molecular sub-type was Luminal B HER2- with 30.3%. This sub-type was followed by Triple-Negative (22.7%), Luminal A (18.9%), non-Luminal HER2+ (16.4%), and Luminal B HER2+ (11.8%), respectively. There was a significant relationship between the tumor sub-type and the axillary involvement (p=0.003). Axillary lymph node metastases were less common in Luminal A and Triple-Negative tumors. In luminal A sub-type, axillary involvement was the lowest with a rate of 24.4% (OR=0.260, 95%Cl: 0.124-0.543, p [Med-Science 2023; 12(2.000): 490-4]

Introduction: In this study, we prospectively investigated changes in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and full white blood cell (WBC) counts during the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric patients with appendicitis. We also investigated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment processes of paediatric appendicitis patients. Materials and Methods: A non-perforated appendicitis group (n = 110), a perforated appendicitis group (n = 35) and an appendicitis + COVID-19 group (n = 8) were formed. Blood samples were taken upon admission and every day until the three studied parameters returned to normal values. To investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric appendicitis patients, the perforated appendicitis rates and the times from the onset of the first symptoms to the operation before and during the pandemic were compared. Results: WBC, IL-6, and hsCRP dropped below the upper limits on the second postoperative day in the non-perforated appendicitis group, four to six days postoperatively in the perforated appendicitis group, and three to six days postoperatively in the appendicitis + COVID-19 group. These parameters were not within normal range in patients who developed complications during follow-up. The time from the onset of abdominal pain to the surgery was significantly longer during than before the pandemic in both the non-perforated appendicitis group and the perforated appendicitis group. Conclusions: Our results show that WBC, IL-6, and hsCRP are useful laboratory parameters that can complete clinical examinations in the diagnosis of appendicitis in paediatric patients and the identification of complications that may develop postoperatively.

In this study, we prospectively investigated the histopathological features of the removed appendix tissue in pediatric patients who were operated on with the preliminary diagnosis of appendicitis. A catarrhal appendicitis group (n=43), a phlegmonous appendicitis group (n=28), a gangrenous appendicitis group (n=19), a perforated appendicitis group (n=35), and an appendicitis +COVID-19 group (n=7) were formed. The control group consisted of 21 children. A section of each patient's appendix tissue from the part with the highest diameter was taken for histopathological examination. The sections were routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The two pathologists evaluated all H&E sections in a light microscope. The evaluation results were analyzed statistically. No significant differences in age and gender were found between all groups. The results of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in all tissue layers of all groups were significantly different. Neutrophil count in the mucosa and muscularis propria in the appendix tissues of the control group were found to be zero. Among all groups, the highest number of neutrophil counts in the mucosa and muscularis propria were found in the perforated group. Among all groups, the highest number of lymphocyte counts in mucosa and muscularis propria were found in the Covid-19 group. The mucosal erosion, intraluminal neutrophils, and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were negative in all samples in the control group. Neutrophil accumulation in the mucosa and muscularis propria layers in appendix tissue together with other inflammation findings are important in the histopathological diagnosis of appendicitis. In patients with Covid-19 infection, appendicitis may occur, in which case, severe accumulation of lymphocytes appears in the mucosal layer in addition. [Med-Science 2022; 11(4.000): 1527-33]

Introduction: Impaired cochlear perfusion is a major etiological factor in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Oxidative stress has been shown to be a risk factor for oxidative damage. Objectives: We investigated the role of oxidative stress in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss by comparing serum levels of oxidant and antioxidant molecules including thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, arylesterase, ceruloplasmin and myeloperoxidase in patients who did and did not recover after treatment. Methods: The amount of dynamic disulfide was calculated by determining half of the difference between the total thiols and native thiols. After the determination of native, total thiol, and disulfide amounts, the disulfide/total thiol percent ratio, native thiol/total thiol ratio and disulfide/native thiol percent ratio were calculated and then compared between the two groups. Additionally, clinical relationship between audiological recovery and native thiol, disulfide, disulfide/native thiol percent ratio, and disulfide/total thiol percent ratio levels was investigated. Blood samples were also analyzed for the assessment of thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, arylesterase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels. Results: A significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to total oxidant status disulfide, disulfide/native thiol percent ratio, disulfide/total thiol percent ratio, and native thiol/total thiol ratio levels (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, stimulated thiol/disulfide homeostasis paraoxonase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: The results supported the common hypothesis that vascular pathologies are the primary cause of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and that other etiological factors ultimately result in vascular pathologies. The oxidant-antioxidant and thiol-disulfide balances were impaired in the idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss group.

Playing a key role in immunity and autoimmunity, Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) contains microsatellite regions and polymorphisms associated with resistance to several diseases and thermo-physiologic characteristics in farm animals. This study aims to reveal genetic diversity in four native Turkish goat populations via MHC related gene regions including MHC-linked microsatellite markers (BF1, BM1818, BM1258, SMHCC1 and DYMS1) and MHC Class II-DRB gene. A total of 120 unrelated animals belonging to Hair (HAI), Honamlı (HNM), Kabakulak (KBK) and Norduz (NRD) from different representative populations in Antalya and Van provinces were sampled and genotyped for molecular analysis. Based on MHC-linked microsatellite markers, number of alleles ranged from 8.20 (NRD) to 8.80 (HAI and KBK) across studied goat populations. Observed heterozygosity was between 0.68 (NRD) and 0.80 (KBK), whereas expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.74 (NRD) to 0.82 (KBK) in native Turkish goats. Inbreeding coefficients were 0.04, 0.13, -0.01 and 0.09 for HAI, HNM, KBK and NRD populations, respectively. A 284 bp length PCR products belonging to MHC Class II-DRB gene region were digested separately with PstI, TaqI, BsaHI and AluI restriction endonucleases to assess polymorphism status together with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in studied goat populations. P allele frequency ranged from 0.73 (KBK) to 0.95 (NRD), while p allele frequency was between 0.05 (NRD) and 0.27 (KBK) in PstI polymorphism. The highest and lowest frequency of T allele were detected in HNM (0.80) and KBK (0.49), respectively, whereas frequency of t allele was between 0.20 (HNM) and 0.51 (KBK) in TaqI polymorphism. G and A allele frequency were between 0.16 (HNM) - 0.39 (HAI) and 0.84 (HNM) – 0.61 (HAI), respectively in BsaHI polymorphism, while three different genotypes and two alleles, which were different from results reported in the literature, were observed in AluI polymorphism. In this study, high genetic diversity and low inbreeding were detected in native Turkish goats according to MHC-linked microsatellite markers. Similarly, native Turkish goats hold enough polymorphisms in MHC Class II-DRB gene which gives opportunity to support selection strategies against tuberculosis and heat stress in the future.

Introduction:Corrosive substance intake, which has an important place in home accidents, is still an important public health problem in our country. In this study, it was aimed to investigate all aspects of patients who applied to the pediatric emergency department with corrosive substance intake in the last decade.Methods:All cases who applied to our pediatric emergency department between January 2009 and December 2018 with the complaint of drinking corrosive substances were included in the study. The demographic, clinical and laboratory data of the patients, and the features of the substance and complications during followup were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The median age of 450 cases included in the study was 24 (minimum: 3, maximum: 192) months and 61% (n=275) were male. It was observed that most of the patients (87%) applied by saying that they used items such as bleach, lime remover or sink opener, which are commonly used at home. In addition, the majority of poisonings (94%) were caused by open products that were forgotten by parents, while more than half of these products (53.50%) were non-branded products. In most of the patients (74%), other than drinking corrosive substances, no additional complaints were reported, while redness/swelling (25%), vomiting (17%) and restlessness (10%) were the most common complaints. The most common complication was mouth injury (23%). While 70 (15%) cases were performed endoscopy in total, 44 (10%) of them had esophagus injury. However, the development of esophageal stricture in follow-up occurred only in 2 cases.Conclusion:Almost all corrosive substance poisoning in childhood develops as a result of parental negligence. Families need to be more conscious to prevent this situation, which can have serious consequences.

Introduction Although there is a lot of scientific evidence that the benefits of vaccines outweigh their risks, hesitancy about the safety of vaccines can occur in every segment of the community. In this study, we aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and associated factors of vaccine hesitancy among Inonu University faculty members regarding childhood vaccinations. Method This is a cross-sectional study, and 258 faculty members were included in the study. The questionnaire used in the study explored the sociodemographic characteristics of the faculty members and their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding childhood vaccination. A chi-square test and a fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results Of the faculty members, 31.8% were hesitant about childhood vaccines, 51.9% stated that there were studies reporting the side effects of vaccines, 48.1% did not agree with giving booster doses of vaccines, 35.7% stated that vaccines could cause autism due to the chemicals contained in the vaccines. The most important information sources of university faculty regarding childhood vaccines members are scientific publications and health professionals. Conclusions Faculty members level of hesitancy about vaccines was high and since health professionals and scientific articles are the most important information sources of faculty members, misinformation here may affect their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about vaccination.

Among 10 global problems of 2019 determined by the World Health Organization, vaccine refusal was one of the problems mentioned. In this context, health services and health personnel whose main objectives are to keep individuals healthy and to prevent diseases have major responsibilities. This study aims to analyze knowledge and behavior of nurses working at Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center on childhood vaccine refusal. This study, conducted between June and July 2019, is a descriptive cross-sectional study. It was conducted in a hospital located in Malatya in eastern Turkey. At the time of the study, 850 nurses work in this hospital. Sample size was calculated to be 263 at a confidence interval of 95% and strength of 80%. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used in statistical analyses. In the present study, 31.7% of the participating nurses stated that they had concerns about childhood vaccines. Two-thirds of nurses stated that their knowledge on vaccines was from their education. The level of hesitance in those agreeing to the fact that vaccines caused autism and infertility, those stating that they did not trust vaccine-producing companies, and those stating that catching the disease was a better immunization method than vaccination was significantly higher than those not agreeing to these and those who were indecisive (p

INTRODUCTION: Chronic active otitis media(without cholesteatoma)and cholesteatoma are common ear pathologies that progress with a chronic inflammatory process, often causing damage, functional and anatomical loss. Differential diagnosis; provides foresight in determining the treatment to be applied and in terms of possible losses. Our study investigated the use of platelet indices, Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratios, and Platelet/Lymphocyte ratios as auxiliary components in the differential diagnosis. METHODS: A total of 457 subjects were included in the study and the subjects were divided into three groups.The first group is the Cholesteatoma group consisting of 197 people(n =197),the second group is the Chronic Otitis Media Without Cholestatoma group,consisting of 140(n2=140) people,and the third group is the control group, consisting of 120(n3=120) people.The data of the subjects were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: In our study; The mean platelet volume in the cholesteatoma group(n1) was statistically significant compared to the other groups(p

A significant decrease in late diagnosis and requirement for surgical treatment have been observed due to the implementation of the National Developmental Hip Dysplasia (DDH) Early Diagnosis and Treatment Program, which has been in existence for about 10 years. However, patients with delayed diagnosis are still admitted to our clinic for treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this program and reveal its deficiencies. Patients and methods: Sixty-one patients diagnosed or treated for ddh later than six months of life were included in the study. Patients born between 2011 and 2014 (Group 1) and between 2015 and 2018, during which time the early screening program was performed intensively (Group 2), were compared. The patients risk factors, whether a hip ultrasound (US) was performed, and the reasons for the delay in diagnosis and treatment were questioned retrospectively. The number of DDH patients in Group 2 decreased by approximately 3 times (45/16) (p = 0.0009). Although 37 (61%) patients had a hip US assessment within the first 6 months, their treatment was delayed, and normal USs were reported for 20 (33%) of them. Hip US was not performed in 24 (39%) patients within the first 6 months. The number of late-diagnosed and -treated babies with DDH decreased significantly in recent years, but this is not sufficient. Preventing late diagnoses should be the main goal. This study detected families negligence and lack of information, family physicians non-compliance with the program, and improper US assessment as the confounding reasons. [Med-Science 2020; 9(4.000): 1023-6]

This is the first comprehensive study aimed to determine polymorphisms in candidate genes (OCX32-exon4, OCX32-exon2, GHR-intron 2, GHR-intron 5, DRD1, DRD2, VIP-501, VIP-I2, VIPR-1, VIPR-2 and MR1C) reported to associated with egg yield and quality in white layer pure chicken lines (Black, Brown, Blue, Maroon and D-229) raised by Ankara Poultry Research Institute by using PCR-RFLP technique. A total of 11 gene regions were amplificated for 192 chickens and were then digested with specific restriction endonucleases to determine the genotypes. Although all chicken lines were monomorphic for VIPR-1/HhaI and VIP-501/VspI gene region, polymorphisms were detected in the rest of nine gene regions. The present study revealed that GHR-intron 2/HindIII and GHR-intron 5/NspI polymorphsims can be integrated with MAS studies to increase egg quality in white layer chicken lines (D-229 excluded) raised in Ankara Poultry Research Institute in the future. In addition, in order to increase egg yield DRD2 and MR1C gene may be used in MAS for all studied chicken lines, while VIP-I2/HinfI polymorphism can be used for Maroon line and VIPR-2/TaqI polymorphism for Brown and D-229.

The study's objective is to examine the effects of Blended Mobile Learning (BML) on the vocabulary development of EFL preparatory students and their views of BML. As a mixed method study, it was conducted with 40 preparatory students at a state university in Turkey. While the control group studied vocabulary by reading texts only in the classroom by adhering to the textbook, the experimental group, in addition to the same instruction, was taught vocabulary outside the classroom in a virtual classroom opened through the Google Classroom application. A pre-test and a post-test were administered to the students to determine the impact of BML on their vocabulary development. The results of the tests were analyzed with SPSS program and the vocabulary development of groups was compared via an independent T-test. Additionally, a structured interview was done with the students of the experimental group to determine their views of BML. Students' responses were analyzed using the MAXQDA 2020 program with the method of content analysis. This research has led to the conclusion that BML, as a teaching method, strengthens the vocabulary development of the preparatory students and motivates them to learn vocabulary.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease characterized by the malignant proliferation of plasma cells. MM can be concomitant with plasmacytoma, at diagnosis or during relapse. Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is rare and is encountered most frequently in the upper respiratory tract and nasopharynx. It is of much less frequent occurrence in the intraabdominal and thoracic regions. EMPs tend to have a poor prognosis with a characteristic of high relapse/refractory disease rates and a relatively short overall survival, despite the use of various novel medications. Here, we present a case of relapse of MM concomitant with a large EMP surrounding the aorta, which is an extremely rare pattern of involvement. Our case showed nearly complete remission with an aggressive chemotherapy regimen. MR imaging served as a guidepost in both the diagnosis and the post-treatment follow-up. [Med-Science 2020; 9(4.000): 1076-8]

Esâsî Dîvânı

INTRODUCTION: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a disease that is frequently encountered in the population and affects the quality of life. This disease can cause pathological findings such as polyp, stenosis in the larynx as well as simple symptoms. In addition, respiratory function may be affected due to acid irritation in the larynx and lower respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in laryngeal symptoms, signs and respiratory functions after the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in patients with LPR. METHODS: Twenty-four patients were included in this retrospective study. The reflux symptom and finding scores of the patients included in the study were noted. Pulmonary function tests of the patients were recorded. After 3 months of PPI treatment, the values were analyzed and the changes were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean symptom score was 30.33 +- 6.53 to 10.33 +- 4.72; the mean score of the findings decreased from 10.79 +- 3.20 to 4.29 +- 2.78 (p

This data article provides datasheet summary of the investigation conducted to determine the levels of School Attachment among secondary school students in Albania based on a five scaled assessment: 1) Students feelings for school, 2) Students interest in learning, 3) Students attitudes towards peers, 4) Students attitudes towards teachers, and 5) Students perception of the school. The study primarily indicates validation of a self-report through a five-scaled assessment of School Attachment based on the data collected from high school students (N = 1506) with equal distribution of regions (N = 6; prefectures) by reaching more than 1% of the total target population. The reliability of the entire scale was α = 0.737 with no mean difference between participant schools but with a mean difference of 1.55 in gender as secondary schools in Albania had more female students according to INSTAT. Data was gathered based on conclusive research design. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were adopted. The research instrument was confirmed to have all the necessary psychometric values considered appropriate for the research. Some descriptive statistical analyses were carried out to further clarify the data and provide the necessary platform for further analyses.

Alpin Orojenez Kuşağı, Doğu Avrupa’dan başlayıp, Türkiye ve Kafkaslar’dan geçerek, İran ve Afganistan’a kadar uzanan ve üzerinde birçok porfi ri Cu-Mo-Au yatağı bulunduran bir kuşaktır. Çalışma alanının yer aldığı Doğu Pontidler, bu kuşak içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada Olur (Erzurum) bölgesinde Yeşilbağlar, Kaban ve Köprübaşı alterasyon zonları ele alınarak, arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmaları ile alterasyon zonunun kökenine dair bir yaklaşımda bulunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma alanındaki alterasyon, Erken Eosen yaşlı Coşkunlar volkanik ve subvolkanik kayalarının dokanak halinde bulunduğu Erken-Orta Jura yaşlı Oltuçayı volkanikleri ve Kaban volkaniklerini etkilemektedir. Alterasyon zonlarında gözlenen mineralizsyon, Erken Eosen yaşlı altere Coşkunlar Dasiti içinde saçınımlı, ağsal, damar/damarcık ve çatlak dolgusu olarak görülmektedir. Alterasyon zonundaki parajenez pirit, kalkopirit, sfalerit, galen ve pirotin, kuvars, kalsit ve baritten oluşmaktadır. FT-IR ve XRD analizleri sonucunda alterasyon zonunda kil, sülfat, sülfür, karbonat, silikat ve oksit mineralleri saptanmıştır. Arazi, petrografi , FT-IR ve XRD analizleri sonucunda elde edilen veriler; Yeşilbağlar, Kaban ve Köprübaşı bölgelerinde belirlenen alterasyonlar (ileri arjilik-arjilik, propilitik ve serisitik alterasyon) Alpin Orojenik Kuşak içerisinde yer alan porfi ri sistemde oluşan alterasyon zonlarının üst kesimlerine ve mineralizasyonlara benzerlik gösterdiğini desteklemektedir. Doğu Pontidler’de Erken Jura döneminden beri süregelen yitime bağlı olarak İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan okyanusu kapanmaya başlamış olup Toros platformu ile Avrasya aktif kıta kenarının çarpışması Erken Eosen döneminde gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışma alanından elde edilen veriler, gömülü porfi ri sitemlerin üst bölümlerine ait alterasyon zonunu işaret etmekte ve cevherli zonun daha derinde konumlanmış olabileceğini göstermektedir.

İnsülin benzeri büyüme faktörü-I (IGF-I) ve nöropeptid Y (NPY) tavuklarda üreme özellikleri ile ilişkili aday genlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Ankara Tavukçuluk Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde yetiştirilen yumurtacı saf hatlarda IGF-I ve NPY genlerindeki polimorfizmlerin PCR-RFLP yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla IGF-I (5' untranslated region) ve NPY genleri için sırasıyla 621 ve 248 bç büyüklüğündeki bantlar çoğaltılmıştır. PCR ürünleri IGF-I ve NPY genleri üzerindeki tek nükleotid polimorfizmlerini (SNP) belirlemek için sırasıyla PstI ve DraI restriksiyon enzimleri ile kesildi. IGF-I geni için Brown ve D-229 dışındaki tüm hatlar polimorfik bulunmuştur. Kahverengi yumurtacı saf hatlarda IGF-I geni için A allelinin frekansı 0,344 (COL) ile 0,906 (RIRII) aralığında değişirken, beyaz yumurtacı saf hatlarda 0,781 (Maroon) ile 1,000 (D-229, Brown) aralığında bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada NPY geni için tüm kahverengi yumurtacı saf hatlar polimorfik iken, beyaz yumurtacı tavuk hatlarında sadece Maroon hattı monomorfik bulunmuştur. NPY geni için T allelinin frekansı kahverengi yumurtacılarda 0,200 (BARI) ile 0,985 (COL), beyaz yumurtacılarda ise 0,397 (D-229) ile 1,000 (Maroon) aralığında değişmiştir. Uygulanan ki-kare testine (χ2) göre polimorfik populasyonlarda Hardy-Weinberg dengesinden sapma gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak Ankara Tavukçuluk Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde yetiştirilen yumurtacı saf hatlarda IGF-I ve NPY genlerindeki polimorfizmler ilk kez gösterilmiştir.

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between adenosine deaminase and various cancers has been investigated in several studies. However, serum adenosine deaminase activity and carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities in patients with bladder cancer have not previously been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities in patients with bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with bladder cancer and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. RESULTS: Serum adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase and catalase activities were significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer than controls (all significant, p

Objective: Oxidative stress, an increase in oxidants and/or a decrease in antioxidant capacity, is one of the potential biochemical mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidative status and to determine whether there is any relationship between oxidative status and the severity of anemia in patients with iron deficiency anemia using an automated method.Materials and Methods: Twenty-six subjects with iron deficiency anemia and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Serum total antioxidant capacity, serum total peroxide level and oxidative stress index were determined in all study subjects.Results: Serum total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in patients with iron deficiency anemia than controls (p

Objectives. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is frequently encountered and is considered a precursor of gastric adenocarcinoma. In the Van region of Turkey, gastric adenocarcinoma incidence is high but the prevalence of gastric IM is not known. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a main factor leading to atrophy, IM, and cancer development in the stomach. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of IM and its subtypes and the prevalence of H. pylori infection, atrophy, dysplasia, and cancer in gastric IM subtypes. Materials and Methods. This retrospective study was conducted on 560 IM among the 4050 consecutive patients who were undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy between June 2010 and October 2014. Clinical records and endoscopic and histopathologic reports of patients with IM were analyzed. Results. The prevalence of gastric IM was 13.8%. The prevalence of incomplete IM was statistically significantly higher than complete IM. Type III IM was the most frequent subtype. Conclusions. Gastric IM is a common finding in patients undergoing EGD with biopsy in this region. High prevalence of incomplete type IM, especially type III, can be associated with the high prevalence of gastric cancer in our region.