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Space constitutes one of the important elements of the architectural discipline and gives meaning to a building by moving it beyond being a three-dimensional mass. Designing the spaces that the building contains and determining the actions they will contain makes architecture different from other building activities. The spaces in industrial buildings are designed in accordance with the use of large-scale machines where production will be provided. These structures, which remain in important positions in the city centers with the development of the cities, are abandoned by losing their functions with the changing production conditions. Due to their location, strong structural system, and high-quality structural features such as large volumes, giving these structures new functions and ensuring their survival creates an alternative building production technique. The structural features of industrial buildings enable various uses in function selection. The spaces needed in these buildings, which are renovated for reuse, are organized within the existing volumes with the help of space components and elements. In this study, additional designs made during the renovation of Cibali Tobacco and Cigarette Factory, which was used as a university education structure, to include contemporary education spaces were examined. Qualitative research method was used in the study, and the history, architectural features and renewed space design of Cibali Tobacco and Cigarette Factory, which constitutes the field study, were analyzed through written sources, photographs, and drawings. In the study, contemporary usage ideas in new spaces designed with the help of additional space components and elements were evaluated. As a result of the study, suggestions were made for additional designs to be made in industrial buildings to be re-functionalized.

Erişilebilirlik, yapılı çevrede herkes için eşit koşulların sağlanması için gerekli bir ön koşuldur. İçinde yaşadığımız iç mekânlardan dış mekânlara, yapılı çevrenin genellikle ortalama bireyler göz önünde bulundurularak tasarlanması erişilebilirlik sorunlarına neden olmaktadır. Yapılı çevrede herkes için eşit koşulların sağlanması şüphesiz ki erişilebilirliğin sağlanmasıyla gerçekleşmektedir. Bu doğrultuda herkes için eğitim hakkının sağlanması da yapılı çevrenin erişilebilir olmasıyla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Eğitim alanları özellikle de üniversite yerleşkeleri kullanıcı çeşitliğini oluşturan tüm bireyler için bütün alanların ve unsurların erişilebilir ve kullanılabilir olması son derece önemlidir. Üniversite yerleşkelerinde, herkes için erişilebilirlik, evrensel tasarım/kapsayıcı tasarım veya herkes için tasarım gibi kavramlar son yıllarda yerleşke planlamada dikkate alınmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Düzce Üniversitesi Konuralp yerleşkesinin engelli kullanıcılar için mevcut erişilebilirlik durumu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen tespitler sonucunda kampüs alanındaki erişilebilirlik sorunlarının neler olduğu ortaya konularak erişilebilirlik haritası oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın ilgili alanda mevcut erişilebilirlik sorunların tespiti konusunda bir kaynak oluşturma ve üniversite yerleşkelerinde bu şekilde yapılacak çalışmalar ile eğitim alanlarında evrensel erişilebilirlik anlayışının oluşturulmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmanın nihai amacı ise erişilebilirlik olanaklarını ortaya koymak ve bu doğrultuda erişilebilirlik haritası oluşturmaktır.

The innovative and creative approach that is produced for architectural design problems involves quite complex stages. In architectural design, the designer's approach and numerical data make the design process a multi-layered structure. The integration of parametric modeling programs and generative algorithms makes it easy to carry out multi-layered design processes. Generative systems defined through generative algorithms enable conceptual approaches, various geometrical constructs, and different forms to be created in digital environments in solving design problems. The creation of the generative algorithm of the design eliminates the restrictive role of modeling software in the architectural design. The designer gets the opportunity to create every parameter and design criteria specific to his approach. In this study, our aim is to develop a generative algorithm in a computer environment by using the principles of fractal geometry function. The generative system creates by overlaying the developed generative algorithm with the environmental factor parameters. In this system proposal, the goal is to produce various facade design proposals by coding the algorithm fractal functions and to make use of the visualization of various potentials of the generative algorithm in parametric facade proposals. Video projection mapping method is chosen to discuss the functionality of the parameters in the proposed generative system of the developed generative algorithm. Computation of the transformation relating consecutive image frames is an essential operation in video mapping. In this context, the design created with the generative system is reflected on a real scale medium , specifically a column in this study, and various image frames letting new design proposals produced by the algorithm were evaluated. In concluding rmarks, the advantages of architectural designs modeled by coding with the generative algorithm compared to the algorithms obtained directly with the software are discussed.

Kentsel açık mekânlar toplumu oluşturan bütün yaş gruplarının ve farklı fiziksel yeteneklere sahip bireylerin bağımsız ve güvenli bir şekilde erişimine açık olması gereken alanlardır. Her kullanıcının kentsel açık mekâna katılım sağlayabilmesi ve kent mobilyalarını aktif olarak kullanabilmesi kent ergonomisinin referans alınma düzeyiyle ilişkilidir. Kentte yaşayan her bireyin istediği her yere ve her hizmete kolay bir şekilde ulaşabilmesi olarak tanımlanan erişilebilirlik, kentsel mekânın ve donatıların düzenlenmesinde tasarımcılar tarafından benimsenmesi gereken bir kavramdır. Engelsiz yapılı çevrenin düzenlenmesi ve tüm bireylerin ihtiyaçları düşünülerek herkesin toplumsal hayata katıldığı kapsayıcı mekanların tasarlanması için erişilebilirlikle ilgili standartlar tasarım sürecine dahil edilmelidir. Erişilebilir olmayan mekanlar engelliler, yaşlılar, çocuklar gibi bedensel farklılıkları olan çok sayıda kullanıcıyı dezavantajlı hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada Eskişehir Hamamyolu’nun 2018 yılında yeniden düzenlenmesi için uygulanan Hamamyolu Park ve Meydan Düzenlemesi projesinin erişilebilirlik kavramı üzerinden incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Değerlendirme kriterleri için TS 9111 Özürlüler ve Hareket Kısıtlılığı Bulunan Kişiler için Binalarda Ulaşılabilirlik Gerekleri standardından faydalanılmıştır. Yerinde gözlem, saptama ve fotoğraf ile belgeleme yapılmıştır. Çalışma alanında yapılan gözlemler sonucunda erişilebilirlik standartlarının tam olarak sağlanamadığı ve bunun etkisiyle Hamamyolu Park ve Meydan Düzenlemesi projesinin erişilebilirlik değerinin düşük olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır., Urban open spaces are areas that should be open to the independent and safe access of all age groups and individuals with different physical abilities. Each user's ability to participate in the urban open space and actively use urban furniture is related to the reference level of urban ergonomics. Accessibility, which is defined as the easily access of every individual living in the city to any place and any service they want, is a concept that should be adopted by designers in the arrangement of urban space and its equipment. Accessibility-related standards should be included to design process to organize the barrier-free built environment and to design inclusive spaces where everyone participates in social life, considering the needs of all individuals. Inaccessible spaces put many users with physical differences such as people with disability, elders, children, at a disadvantage. In this study, it is aimed to examine the Hamamyolu Urban Deck project, which was implemented for the reorganization of Eskişehir Hamamyolu in 2018, through the concept of accessibility. The TS 9111 "Accessibility Requirements in Buildings for the Handicapped and Persons with Reduced Mobility" was used for the evaluation criteria. Observation, detection, and documentation with photographs were made. As a result of the observations made in the study area, the accessibility standards could not be fully achieved.

The influence of new technological software on architectural design is increasing with every passing day. This led to new horizons discovery in spatial analysis and design interpretation and extended by engaging different techniques based on computational design and human-computer interaction. Throughout the architectural design process, decision-making on spatial performance parameters such as visibility, density, and building typology is frequently taken by examining a limited number of materials. They are conventionally optimized by employing repetitive experimentations without systematically evaluating the complete range of potential designs and their efficient outcomes. A computational design analysis approach of spatial morphological structure based on several indicators is presented in response to this challenge. This research compares contextual spatial analysis with computational methods and determines the consistency of Eskisehir technical university master plan expansion mechanisms through the relationship between layout and spatial arrangement, connectivity and accessibility, and built area and open space of the university map in two different periods (2005/2020). For density measurements, Ground Space Index (GSI), Floor Area Ratio (FAR), and Open Space Ratio (OSR) calculations in urban spatial planning are analyzed. Furthermore, the Isovist analysis (Attractiveness, Extent of observation, line of orientation, and arrangement) and their visual quality was examined using the logical interpretation approach. The collected visual and numerical data show that the visual quality of the observer's full view, as seen from the center of the university campus master plan, is directly related to the open space and built environment. The visibility and density characteristics of the university campus master plan showed that these analytical techniques are very responsive to the design limitation and context requirements. The presented application has evaluated the visual aspects of each of the university campus maps to deliver a technique to the designers so that they may implement their requested visual characteristics in future design expansion.

Air and environmental pollution are influenced by natural and anthropogenic activities. In addition, seasonal variations also affect the level of air pollutant concentration. Air pollution has a negative impact on climate, human-being health, and the environment. Monitoring of air pollution is a critical challenge in the world for better planning regarding its reduction. This study aims to monitor the impacts of seasonal diversity of buildings’ energy consumption pattern on the tropospheric NO2, CO, and SO2 concentrations over the 22 districts of Kabul City. Sentinel—5P TROPOMI data was used for the space measurement of the selected tropospheric pollutant during the winter (December 2019, January, and February 2020) and summer (June, July, and August 2020) seasons. Google Earth Engine platform was used for the processing and analysis of data, and ArcGIS 10.7.1 was utilized for the plotting of thematic maps. This study’s findings demonstrate that the tropospheric NO2, CO, and SO2 concentrations were reduced from the winter to the summer season. The main sources of NO2, CO, and SO2 pollutants are coal, wood, gas, and biomass burning, since these substances are consumed for heating purposes due to the cold weather during the winter season. Consequently, the results were validated using real-time data to test reliability. There was a high correlation between the output of this study and validation data.

Urban spaces have an important place in terms of gathering of citizens and communication of city users with each other. The quality of these spaces is determined by the different aesthetic and functional ideas in their designs and affects the lives of the citizens. Much studies has been done on the quality of urban spaces until today. In the studies the parameters have been established for determining the spatial quality. In this study, the quality parameters studies made by Project for Public Space, Jack L. Nasar, Jan Gehl and Sherwin Greene were evaluated and it was aimed to evaluate Antalya Cumhuriyet Square in terms of spatial quality. In the study, firstly, literature review was made based on the concepts of space, urban space, square, quality and space quality, and after the researches, on-site observation and analysis method was used. It was concluded that the city square contains the determined parameters, but it is not used intensively except for certain times. As an urban space, proposals were made to take into account the conditions and opportunities of the day in the formation of spatial qualities of squares and to enrich these spaces in a functional and formal sense with public art products.

Kentsel parklar, kentin çevresini iyileştirmek ve kullanıcının psikolojik ve fiziksel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için önemlidir. Açık alanlarda yapılan ve yürütülen etkinlikler yaşam kalitesini artıran kentsel çevre faktörlerindendir. Bununla birlikte, parklara erişim kolaylığı, parkların rahatlığı, güvenliği ve parklardaki olanaklar gibi faktörler, parklara ilişkin memnuniyet düzeylerini etkilemektedir. Eskişehir Millet Bahçesi, Eskişehir kentinde eğlence ve eğitim parkı olarak hizmet veren parklardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kent sakinlerinin kent parklarından memnuniyet düzeylerini, Eskişehir Millet Bahçesi örneğinde belirlemektir. Parktaki memnuniyet düzeyini ölçmek üzere kentsel alan kalite parametreleri ve bunların altında bir dizi gösterge kullanılmaktadır. Göstergeler üç ana başlığı kapsamaktadır: Farklı fiziksel aktivitelerin eğlence amaçlı kullanımı, güzellik, güvenlik ve erişim. Göstergelerin değerlendirilmesine yönelik olarak anket uygulanmış ve Önem-Performans Analizi (ÖPA) [Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA)] tekniği kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, tüm değerlendirme göstergelerinin IPA planının ilk çeyreğine girmesi için yüksek performans ve yüksek öneme sahip olduğunu ve böylece Millet Bahçesi'nde kullanıcı memnuniyetinin sağlandığını göstermektedir. Araştırma ile elde edilen sonuçların, yetkililere yeni parkların geliştirilmesi ve mevcut parkların iyileştirilmesi süreçlerinde önceliklerin belirlenmesi konusunda yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir., Urban parks are important for improving the city's environment and meeting the psychological and physical needs of the users. Activities carried out in open areas are among the urban environmental factors that increase the quality of life. However, factors such as the ease of access to the parks, the convenience and security of the parks and the facilities in the parks influence parks satisfaction levels. Eskişehir Millet Bahçesi is one of the parks serving as an amusement and education park in the city of Eskişehir. The aim of this study is to determine the satisfaction levels of city residents from city parks in the case of Eskişehir Millet Bahçesi. Urban area quality parameters and a group of indicators are used to measure the level of satisfaction in the park. The indicators cover three main topics: comfort; use of different physical activities, aesthetics, safety and access. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the indicators and the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) technique was used. The results indicate high performance and high importance, so that all evaluation indicators enter the first quarter of the IPA scheme, thus indicating the achievement of user satisfaction in Millet Bahçesi. It is thought that the results obtained from the research will guide the authorities in determining the priorities in the development of new parks and the improvement of existing parks.

Public spaces play a significant role in our social life. There are different types of public spaces and squares are one of the most important places in the cities that have influence on shaping our social activities from the past to the present. City squares are not just designed to spend time, in the past, squares were known as gathering locations to make important social decisions. A place where people share what is happening nearby and exchange information. Active and lively public spaces increase social interaction and sense of belonging among people. With the increase of population and urbanization in recent years, the quality of urban areas has been evaluated in terms of improving the quality of life of citizens. Squares are also important public spaces that are examined in terms of quality. In this paper, Beylikdüzü Özgürlük Square comfort parameters are studied. This square is located in western part of Istanbul. Although this area is not very old but it is important due to the connection between the two areas of Esenyurt and Beylikdüzü. Comfort quality indicators of this location are examined. A questionnaire was collected from 71 people living in the area for this research. Their responses were studied and interpreted in line with the purpose of the research.