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Copyright of Obstetrică şi Ginecologie is the property of Societatea de Obstetrica si Ginecologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Obstetrică şi Ginecologie is the property of Societatea de Obstetrica si Ginecologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Obstetrică şi Ginecologie is the property of Societatea de Obstetrica si Ginecologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Obstetrică şi Ginecologie is the property of Societatea de Obstetrica si Ginecologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Endometriosis is a chronic disease, very common among women of reproductive age, characterized by the presence of active endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. The patients with severe endometriosis have a complex of different symptoms, including painful menstruation, nonmenstrual pelvic pain, dyspareunia and painful defecation. These symptoms cause profound distress and a significant reduction in their quality of life. The concept of quality of life is one of the most important directions in contemporary medicine. The interest shown in the medical world in quality-of-life issues for patients is demonstrated by the number of articles on quality-of-life issues published in prestigious journals and submitted to the PubMed database. Quality of life is represented by social, physical and mental well-being as well as by people’s ability to carry out everyday activities. Completion of endometriosis symptom assessment questionnaires before surgery and at one year postoperatively may be useful to predict the degree of change in patients’ perceived quality of life after endometriosis surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Obstetrică şi Ginecologie is the property of Societatea de Obstetrica si Ginecologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Obstetrică şi Ginecologie is the property of Societatea de Obstetrica si Ginecologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION. HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) IS A VIRAL INFECTION WHICH GENERATES EPITHELIAL TUMOURS OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND SKIN ESPECIALLY WARTS. THE DIMENSIONS OF THE WARTS COULD VARY AMONG INDIVIDUALS FROM A FEW MILLIMETRES TO A CONSIDERABLE SIZE BEING CALLED GIANT CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM (GCA). THIS GIANT CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM WAS FIRST DESCRIBED BY BUSCHKE AND LÖWENSTEIN IN 1925 ON PENILE FORESKIN, NOWADAYS KNOWN AS BUSCHKE -- LOWENSTEIN TUMOUR (BLT). MATERIAL AND METHODS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO REVIEW THE AVAILABLE DATA REGARDING THE ETIOPATHOGENY OF BLT DIAGNOSIS AND NEW LINES OF TREATMENT. WE USED PUBMED AND SCOPUS DATABASES FOR REVIEWS AND FULL ARTICLES. CONCLUSIONS. BUSCHKE -- LOWENSTEIN IS A RARE DISEASE CAUSED BY INFECTION WITH HPV, ESPECIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH "SEMI -- MALIGNANT " VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA OR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. COINFECTION WITH HIV ENHANCE THE ONCOGENIC ABILITY OF HPV, BUT THE ONCOGENIC PROCESS IS SLOW, SO AN EARLY REMOVAL OF THE LESION WHEN NOTICED BY THE PATIENT IS USEFUL TO PREVENT A GCA. PRE-EXPOSURE AND POST-EXPOSURE VACCINES ARE VERY IMPORTANT IN PREVENTING BLT AND REDUCING THE VIRAL LOAD IN THE INFECTED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: CONTROLLED OVARIAN HYPERSTIMULATION (COH) MAY HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT UPON THE ENDOMETRIAL ENVIRONMENT, THUS, A "FREEZE-ALL" (FET) STRATEGY WAS CONSIDERED. METHODS: REVIEW INCLUDING 44 STUDIES EVALUATING 278.000 NEWBORNS AFTER ART, COMPARING THE RESULTS OF THE CLASSIC VERSUS FREEZE-ALL STRATEGY. RESULTS: THE CUMULATIVE LIVE BIRTH RATE (LBR) AND PREGNANCY RATE (PR) WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN THE "FREEZE-ALL" (FET) VERSUS ET (LBR: 60.55% VS. 45%, PR: RR 1.30 [CI 95%]). FET IS ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER OBSTETRIC RISK [CI 95%]: THE FETUS HAS A LOWER RISK OF BEING SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE RR: 0.59, LOW GESTATIONAL WEIGHT RR: 0.74, PREMATURE BIRTH RR: 0.74 BUT MORE INCREASED RISK OF CESAREAN RR: 1.10 AND LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE RR: 1.49. WITH REGARD TO THE RISKS OF ANTEPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE, PLACENTA PRAEVIA, PERINATAL MORTALITY, CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AND SPONTANEOUS ABORTION RATE, THERE ARE NO CONSISTENT FINDINGS: SOME STUDIES CONCLUDED THAT THE RISK IS LOWER IN FET (0.67, 0.68, 0.8 AND, RESPECTIVELY 0,83), BUT MOST CONSIDER THAT THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT STATISTICAL DIFFERENCE. GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION IS CONTROVERSIAL, SOME STUDIES HAVE FOUND THAT IT IS MORE COMMONLY LINKED TO FET (RR: 1.29), BUT THE RESULTS ARE INSIGNIFICANTLY STATISTICALLY DIFFERENT. HOWEVER, FET IS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR PLACENTA ACCRETA, 3 TIMES HIGHER THAN ET. MONOZYGOTIC MONOCHORIONIC PREGNANCY AFTER SINGLE-EMBRYO IS LOWER IN FET IN GENERAL (0.8%), BUT MATERNAL AGE BELOW 35 YEARS IS A RISK FACTOR IN FET CYCLES. CONCLUSIONS: "FREEZE-ALL" IS AN ELIGIBLE PROTOCOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POPULATIONS OF CLONOGENIC EPITHELIAL AND STROMAL CELLS WERE FIRST REPORTED IN 2004 AND SINCE THEN, DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED. THIS REVIEW IS AIMED AT BRINGING NEW PERSPECITVES FOR ENDOMETRIOSIS DEVELOPMENT, TO PROVIDE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF PATHOGENIC THEORIES, ALONG WITH POTENTIAL TREATMENT TARGETS. STUDIES SHOW THAT ENDOMETRIUM IS RICH IN STEM CELL POPULATIONS, SUCH AS ENDOMETRIAL MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (EMSC), ENDOMETRIAL EPITHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS (EEP) AND SIDE POPULATIONS (SP). THEIR ROLE IS IMPORTANT IN PHYSIOLOGY, REGENERATION AND REPAIR, BUT ALSO IN THE GENERATION OF ENDOMETRIOSIS. ENDOMETRIOSIS MAY ARISE FROM DISLOCATED OR ABERRANT STEM CELLS, FROM THE ENDOMETRIUM OR EXOGENOUS SOURCES, SUCH AS BONE-MARROW. MORE FINDINGS SUPPORT THE BIDIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT OF CELLS BETWEEN EUTOPIC AND ECTOPIC ENDOMETRIAL TISSUE THROUGH SIGNALING PATHWAYS. EMSC RESIDE IN A PERIVASCULAR NICHE AND ARE LIKELY TO MEDIATE ANGIOGENESIS AND STROMAL REGENERATION. TREATMENT OPTIONS FOCUSE ON THE INHIBITION OF THE ECTOPIC EMSC MIGRATION, PROLIFERATION AND ANGIOGENESIS. THE MAIN PURPOSE FOR THE FUTURE CLINICAL PRACTICE IS TO ESTABLISH ACCURATELY THE DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. THE ADVANCEMENTS IN OUR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENDOMETRIAL STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF ENDOMETRIOSIS PATHOGENESIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO ASSESS THE DATA CURRENTLY AVAILABLE IN LITERATURE REGARDING THE EFFECTIVENESS AND HARMS OF HPV VACCINATION PROGRAMMES. THERE ARE NOW MORE THAN FIFTEEN COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE DATA REGARDING VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS AND SHOW FALLS IN TARGETED TYPES FOLLOWING VACCINATION. THERE ARE CURRENTLY THREE FDAAPPROVED MULTIVALENT PROHYLACTIC HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINES AND ALTHOUGH THERE IS RIGUROUS PROOF OF THE NEED FOR IMPLEMENTING VACCINATION NATIONAL SCHEDULES, CONCERNS REGARDING THEIR SAFETY CONTINUE TO EMERGE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: ENDOMETRIOSIS IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CAUSES OF INFERTILITY IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE PATIENTS, BUT WHAT ARE THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED? THIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES STEP BY STEP THE PSYSIOPATHOLOGY BACKGROUND THAT LEADS TO PREGNANCY ACHIEVING IMPAIRMENT. METHODS: WE PERFORMED A REVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY LITERATURE. RESULTS: ENDOMETRIOSIS DETERMINES MODIFICATION OF NEOANGIOGENESIS AND CELLULAR MEDIATED RESPONSE BY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES (IL1, IL6, TNF ALPHA, PROSTAGLANDIN, PROTEASES) AND ANGIOGENIC FACTORS (IL8 AND VEGF). THESE CAUSE ALTERATION OF THE PELVIC ANATOMY AND, IN ADDITION TO LOWERING AVB3 INTEGRIN ADHESION MOLECULE AND THE L-SELECTIN LIGAND, CONTRIBUTES TO ASSOCIATED IMPLANTATION FAILURE. NEVERTHELESS, OVULATION IMPAIRMENT BY MECHANICAL DISTRUCTION OR ALTERATION OF GRANULLAR CELLS FUNCTION WITH ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE SECRETION DEFICIENCY AND LUTEAL PHASE MODIFICATIONS HAVE A FERTILITY NEGATIVE IMPACT. THE EMBRYOTOXICITY EFFECT COMES IN ADDITION TO THIS WITH AN INCREASED ABORTION RATE. ALTERATION OF SPERMATOZOA MOBILITY AND ENDOMETRIAL RECEPTIVITY, INCREASED UTERINE CONTRACTILITY AND FALLOPIAN TUBES OBSTRUCTION COMPLETE THE PICTURE OF INFERTILITY IN THE ENDOMETRIOSIS PATIENT. CONCLUSIONS: ENDOMETRIOSIS AFFECTS FERTILITY THROUGH MULTIPLE MECHANISMS, AND IN ORDER TO TREAT AND GET PREGNANCY IN THESE PATIENTS, IT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND THEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is estimated to be 0.5% of all deliveries, with great geographic variations. Clinical onset of this condition is represented by intolerable pruritus dominant on the palms and soles of the feet with the emphasizing of symptoms during the night. Regarding the risks for the fetus, the main complications are prematurity, intrauterine demise, meconium-stained amniotic fluid and a greater incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Our retrospective study aimed to analyze the incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy for a period of five years in Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, fluctuations of the incidence depending on maternal age and parity, also, related neonatal risks. Secondly, we present a literature review regarding maternal and fetal follow-up and the possibilities for preventing the potential related complications. During the studied period, the incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was 0.3%. Fetal status at birth was influenced by this condition, being reflected by an Apgar score lower than 8 in 34% of cases. Also, meconium stained fluid was associated in a higher proportion (14%) comparing to uncomplicated pregnancies in which fetal demise was showed not to be a direct consequence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The major purpose of management of these pregnancies consists in a rigorous fetal surveillance and early delivery guided by the comparison of the risk of fetal death and potential risks of prematurity. There is no ideal method for fetal surveillance in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study's objective. Emergency contraception refers to a group of contraceptive methods, that used in a certain time interval after unprotected intercourse can significantly reduce the occurrence risk for unwanted pregnancy. The purpose of this study was primarily to determine the degree of awareness regarding postcoital contraceptive techniques among a female population of patients who presented for elective abortion and secondarily to determine (in theory) how many of the surgical abortions could have been prevented by utilizing emergency contraception. Material and methods. From January 2015 until December 2015 we conducted a multicenter prospective study which included 527 women with ages between 16 and 43 who presented for elective abortion. They completed a questionnaire that evaluated their knowledge regarding contraceptive methods, the use of them and emergency contraception. After completing the questionnaire they received an informative flyer regarding emergency contraception for future reference. Results and discussions. The patients included in the study were 16 to 43 years old (average: 23years old). 46.11% (n=243) of patients were 21 years old or less. A total of70.96% (n=374) of patients had no knowledge of the existence of emergency contraception. 25.9% (n=137) had limited knowledge and only 3.04% (n=16) were thoroughly informed. 63% (n=332) of patients would have been willing to use the emergency contraceptive pill. Assuming that the emergency contraceptive pill has a 75% success rate, 47.24% of all surgical abortions in this women population could have been avoided. Conclusions. Emergency contraception is little used due to lack of information among patients, especially adolescents. Correct information would lead to a significant reduction in the number of elective abortions, costs and also their complications both early and late. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectacular evolution of the ultrasound equipment and techniques has allowed the assessment of the fetal heart increasingly earlier during the gestation, as well as the diagnosis of the fetal abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy. Transvaginal ultrasound and transabdominal ultrasound are used in early fetal echocardigraphy. Studies have shown that the heart defects diagnosed early in gestation are more complex and have a high degree of association with chromosomal abnormalities, compared to those diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy. There are many studies on the correlation between the increase in the nuchal translucency (NT) and congenital heart defects, NT being one of the most frequently studied and efficient screening parameters in maternal-fetal medicine. The morphology of the umbilical cord can be assessed in the first trimester of pregnancy by colour Doppler examination. Numerous anomalies associated with single umbilical artery are described. The principles of fetal echocardiography in the first trimester are similar to those of the morphological examination in the second trimester of pregnancy, with certain peculiarities and differences. The complete examination of the fetal heart, with minimal false results, can be done under the conditions of a trained and experienced examiner within the range of 12-13 gestational weeks. The examination route must be adapted to the particularities of the case. Early fetal echocardigraphy should be recommended only in the presence of a precise medical indication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that starts during pregnancy and although is an affection which may regress after birth, it leaves its mark on the health of the mother and fetus in the perinatal period, but also on long-term and appropriate treatment initiated at the onset of the disease can reduce its effects. It is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of varying degrees of severity, occurring during pregnancy and that can complicate it (i.e. by increasing the risk of preeclamplsia, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal injury at birth). Although the diagnostic criteria varies from one guideline to another, the oral glucose tolerance test remains the gold standard method for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Underlying this article we have found significant studies and guidelines related to gestational diabetes published in PubMed and Cochrane databases. Gestational diabetes may be associated with repeated miscarriages, still births, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, premature detachment of the normally inserted placenta, trauma at birth, postpartum bleeding and infection immediately postpartum. Increased risk of maternal complications also increases the risk of premature births. The only modifiable factor in the emergence of all these complications is obesity. Gestational diabetes is a pathology that requires a multidisciplinary team and close monitoring of perinatal complications of pregnancy, in order to prevent and reduce these complications, both on short and long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecologia.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecologia.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecologia.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecologia.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecologia.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare obstetrical pathology that occurs usually in the last trimester of pregnancy and postpartum, but it can rarely be encountered in the second trimester, but never in the first one. We are about to present the case of a 27-year-old patient with a 28-week gestation with an accurate surveillance and a critical and severe evolution following the diagnosis because of the multiple organs and systems failure: hepatic, renal and pancreatic, followed by fetal death and hysterectomy. AFLP is a rare gastro-intestinal disease peculiar to gestation, with an unfortunate outcome for both the mother and foetus, especially if the diagnosis is delayed together with the onset of complications. The peculiarity of this case-presentation is the atypical occurrence (28 weeks of gestation, it usually starts around 35 to 36 weeks of pregnancy), the infectious trigger being represented by a urinary infection, and with a severe outcome and multiple consequences once the presumption of AFLP has been done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease, common to humans and animals, caused by the infection with protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It is a parasitic zoonosis found in all species of mammals and birds, domestic and wild, with major epidemiological importance for humans. The role of Toxoplasma gondii screening in pregnancy has become particularly important in recent years due to the possible negative effect of the infection on both mother and the conception product. The severity of congenital toxoplasmosis depends on the type of infection (whether it is the first time the pregnant woman is infected with Toxoplasma gondii or is a reactivation of an older infection), the gestational age when infection occurs, and the mother’s immune system. Acute primary infection during pregnancy may be asymptomatic for the mother, but it can cause a severe congenital infection, with significant fetal neurological and ocular sequelae or even pregnancy loss. The first step in diagnosing the infection is to perform a serological profile, including IgM, IgG, IgE and IgA. In case of suspected acute infection, serological testing should be repeated and, until the results are available, the treatment with spiramycin should be administered. Following the research, it is worth mentioning that TORCH serology should be introduced as a screening test for all pregnant women, as well as for all women of childbearing age who wish to become pregnant, due to the serious effects of the infection on both fetus and mother. This paper aims to present a protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) is a particular form of endometriosis characterized by lesions with a depth greater than 5 mm, with typical locations such as rectovaginal fascia, uterosacral ligaments, Douglas cul-de-sac, but also with the involvement of important organs, such as bowels, ureters and bladder. Constant dillemas regarding the management of women with DIE who want to become pregnant appear due to the lack of randomized control trials from the guidelines for endometriosis. The confusing decisions whether to perform a surgery before or after the assisted-reproductive technique (ART) comes from the major two symptoms of the patients with endometriosis: pain and/or infertility. The guidelines give a suggestion that not all the women with DIE require ART, and surgery is more often performed when a patient has painful symptoms. The failure of ART could also appear before and after the surgery, due to the impairment of immune system response or hormonal disfunctions encountered in endometriosis. The situation is more complicated when the patient's condition associates endometrioma and the radical surgery will only reduce the ovarian reserve, worsening the pregnancies rates. Moreover, when the endometriosis lesions interest the colorectal area, the best therapeutic decision would be to involve a multidisciplinary team, especially a general surgeon. Several studies showed that ART preganancies in women with infertility improved after performing laparoscopic excision of DIE, while other studies stated the opposite. Today, no definitive strong recommendation can be provided regarding the management of these patients, randomized controlled trials being the only studies that could give a definitive answer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Obstetrică şi Ginecologie is the property of Societatea de Obstetrica si Ginecologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Adenomyosis is a benign pathology defined by the presence of endometrial glands in the miometrium, accompanied by chronic pelvic pain, infertility and vaginal bleeding. It is a hormonal dependent condition and is common in reproductive age. Adenomyosis areas differ from the normal endometrium by increased local production of estrogen or prostaglandins and resistance to progesterone action. Materials and method. The study included 23 patients, aged 26-52 years old, diagnosed with adenomyosis. Postoperatively obtained specimens were included in paraffin and studied histologically and immunohistochemically. The blocks were cut by the microtome, the sections were applied on simple slides for histological staining of Hematoxylin-Eosin and on Poly-L-lysin slides for the immunohistochemical stains. The antibodies were: anti-estrogen receptors (ER), anti-progesterone receptors (PR), anticytokeratin 7 (CK7), anti-cytokeratin 20 (CK20). Results. Classical Hematoxylin-Eosin staining showed the presence of mono-layered, cylindrical glandular epithelial tissue in the structure of the myometrium, and with immunohistochemistry we showed that these glands were of endometrial origin, being CK7-positive and negative at CK20, making a differential diagnosis with an eventual metastasis from the digestive tract. The receptors for estrogen and progesterone are present in the structure of these glands. Conclusions. Adenomyosis is a benign pathology diagnosed with certainty by histopathological examination. Receptors for estrogen and progesterone are features for endometrial tissue, and cytokeratins make the differential diagnosis with digestive epithelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is the most common medical complication associated with pregnancy. During pregnancy complicated with maternal diabetes (DM), the placenta suffers certain pathological, functional and structural changes. DM was correlated with a rapid progressive microangiopathy and this, in turn, may be associated with capillary hypertension and changes in capillary permeability. The objective of the study is to identify the clinical correlations with influence on gestation in general, and on the placental structure in particular, in pregnancy associated with type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The impact of the clinical conditions associated with DM on placenta has been analyzed and correlated with the ultrasound (US), morphological, histological and immunohistochemical study of the placental structure. Preexisting maternal hypertension, preeclampsia and obesity were the main associated conditions. The US examination of placental characteristics revealed an increase in placental thickness in the second trimester. The macroscopic analysis showed that the placentas of women with diabetes are heavier. Gross pathological analysis of maternal and fetal surfaces of placentas revealed subcortical or basal plaque fibrin deposition, and placental infarction or intervillous thrombosis. From the microscopic point of view, the findings include fibrinoid necrosis, intervillous fibrosis, focal hyaline degeneration, villous immaturity, chorangiosis, placental calcifications, placental infarction or decidual vasculopathy. Maternal hypertensive disorders amplify the spectrum of morphological changes in the placenta. Placental immaturity and villous capillary dysfunction are characterized by increased angiogenesis and enhanced vascular permeability. The diabetic placenta does not show specific changes, but different associations may be a diabetic pathological pattern influenced by associated conditions, especially preeclampsia, obesity, dyslipidemias and the lack of euglycemia during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecologia.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecologia.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecologia.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The presence of endometrial glands and stroma penetrating into the retroperitoneal space to a depth of minimum 5 mm is called deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). DIE can affect several anatomic structures like the anterior wall of the rectosigmoid colon, the rectouterine space, the rectovaginal septum, the uterosacral ligaments and the vagina. When it involves the anterior wall of the rectosigmoid colon, medical treatment is not always effective due to the high rate of occurrence of fibrous lesions that are less likely to respond to hormonal therapy, making surgical treatment necessary. The diagnostic tools, including transrectal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, transvaginal ultrasound, and CT-based virtual colonoscopy, play significant roles in determining the relevant data about the extension of the disease. The diagnostic algorithm depends on the clinical presentation, the expertise of the medical team, and the technology available at each institution. Rectal ultrasonography (RUS) performed by a skilled operator, added to anamnesis, clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging should establish, in most of the cases, the degree of rectal and sigmoid involvement, respectively to which layer the infiltration is extended (serosa, muscularispropria, submucosa, muscularis mucosa or mucosa). RUS, usually performed with sedation, uses a 7.5 to 12 MHz rigid probe and allows visualization of DIE lesions as hypoechoic thickenings of the muscularispropria - the fourth layer of the parietal wall (from superficial to deep part). Giving that the surgical treatment of DIE requires many times a multidisciplinary team, an accurate preoperative diagnosis is compulsory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]