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Purpose: Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) deficiency is a rare inborn error of immunity (IEI). Impaired antigen presentation to CD4+ T-cells results in combined immunodeficiency. Patients typically present with severe respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections at early ages. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative therapy. Methods: We describe the clinical, immunologic, and genetic features of eighteen unrelated Iranian patients with MHC-II deficiency. Results: Consanguinity was present in all affected families. The median age at the initial presentation was 5.5 months (range seven days to 18 years). The main symptoms included failure to thrive, persistent diarrhea, and pneumonia. Autoimmune and neurologic features were documented in 30% of the patients, respectively. Thirteen patients carried RFXANK gene mutations, two carried RFX5 gene mutations, and three carried a RFXAP gene mutation. Six patients shared the same RFXANK founder mutation (c.162delG); limited to the Iranian population and dated to approximately 1,296 years ago. Four of the patients underwent HSCT; three of them are alive. On the other hand, nine of the fourteen patients who did not undergo HSCT had a poor prognosis and died. Conclusion: MHC-II deficiency is not rare in Iran, with a high rate of consanguinity. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of combined immunodeficiency (CID) at any age. With the limited access to HSCT and its variable results in MHC-II deficiency, implementing genetic counseling and family planning for the affected families are mandatory. We better determined the c.162delG RFXANKheterozygous mutation frequency in the Iranian population.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the most important issue related to health status of mothers and their children throughout life. This meta-analysis has been conducted to assess relationship between maternal birth weight and gestational diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS: This article is written using PRISMA guideline for systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched epidemiological studies without a time limit from following databases—Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCO, and Google Scholar search engine using MESH keywords. Heterogeneity was determined using the Cochran Q test and I(2) index. Data were analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis, version 2. The significance level of the tests was considered as P

We study the thermodynamics of the Taub-NUT AdS black holes by Visser holographic method using AdS radius as a constant parameter under the restricted phase space approach. Instead of the variables $P$ and $V$, we deal with the central charge and also chemical potential as a unique couple of conjugate thermodynamic variables. We study some interesting properties of the Taub-NUT black holes e.g. supercritical phase equilibrium in the $T-S$ processes, $Q-\Phi$ and the Hawking-Page phase transition in the $\mu-C$ processes. As a consequence, the consistency of the weak gravity conjecture of multi-charge for Taub-NUT-AdS black holes at critical points is proved. We conclude that in the presence of the central charge and assuming $C=\frac{3}{8}\ell^2$, weak gravity conjecture could be satisfied in the Taub-NUT-AdS black holes with $\hat{n}\ll 1$., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, To be publish in Gen. Relativ. Gravit

We search for a possible relation between weak gravity conjecture and conformal field theory in the hyperscaling violating and Kerr-Newman-AdS black holes. We deal with the critical points of the black hole systems through the correlation function introduced in conformal field theory. We discuss the weak gravity conjecture conditions by the imaginary part of the energy obtained from the critical points and their poles. Under the assumptions $z=1$, $d=1$ and $\theta\rightarrow0^{-}$, we link weak gravity conjecture to the hyperscaling violating black holes due to the existence of $r_{H}$ larger and smaller than one. As the second black hole system, we study the conditions of weak gravity conjecture for the Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole by rotation and radius parameters. Then, we show that the conditions of weak gravity conjecture are satisfied when the charged particle near the hyperscaling violating and Kerr-Newman black holes is $\frac{1}{a}$ with a ratio $\frac{a}{\ell}\ll 1$., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, To be published in Chinese Physics C

Yeast humanization, ranging from a simple point mutation to substitution of yeast gene(s) or even a complete pathway by human counterparts has enormously expanded yeast biomedical applications.General and patent-oriented insights into the application of native and humanized yeasts for production of human glycoproteins (gps) and antibodies (Abs), toxicity/mutagenicity assays, treatments of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and potential drug delivery as a probiotic (with emphasis onHumanized yeasts cover the classical advantageous features of a 'microbial eukaryote' together with advanced human cellular processes. These unique characteristics would permit their use in the production of functional and stable therapeutic gps and Abs in lower prices compared to mammalian (CHO) production-based systems. Availability of yeasts humanized for cytochrome P450 s will expand their application in metabolism-related chemical toxicity assays. Engineered

Background: Platelet products play a fundamental role in the process of healing. The new generation of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), namely advanced PRF (A-PRF), has different biological and mechanical properties compared to those of leukocyte-PRF (L-PRF). This study aimed to compare the effects of L-PRF and A-PRF on the viability and migration of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the effects of A-PRF and L-PRF on the viability and migration of HGFs after 24 and 48 h were evaluated using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The viability of the negative control culture medium was considered to be 100%. The mean optical density of the test groups was divided by that of the negative control group and reported as percentage. One-way ANOVA was applied to assess the effects of time and type of PRF on the viability and migration of HGFs. Pairwise comparisons were made using the Tukey's test. Results: At 24 h, cell viability in the L-PRF group was significantly higher than that in the A-PRF group (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was noted between the two groups at 48 h. At 24 h, L-PRF caused significantly higher cell migration compared to the negative control group, whereas at 48 h, both A-PRF and L-PRF significantly increased cell migration compared to the control group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, L-PRF and A-PRF had significant effects on the viability and migration of HGFs. Further studies on these platelet concentrates are warranted.

Inflationary models derived from $f(R)$ gravity, where the scalaron rolls down with a constant rate from the top to the minimum of the effective potential, are considered. Specifically, we take into account three $f(R)$ models \textit{i.e.}\,Starobinsky $R^{2}$, $R^{2p}$ and the logarithmic corrected models. We compare the inflationary parameters derived from the models with the observational data of CMB anisotropies \textit{i.e.} the Planck and Keck/array datasets in order to find observational constraints on the parameters space. We find that although our $f(R)$ constant-roll models for $\gamma=0$ show observationally acceptable values of $r$, they do not predict favoured values of the spectral index. In particular, we have $n_{s}>1$ for the Starobinsky $R^{2}$ and $R^{2p}$ models and $0.996, Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures

In this paper we wish to point out the possibility of using a complex scalar field in a constant roll inflationary model, as needed for observational viability. We extend the idea of real field inflaton with constant rate of roll to a complex field, showing the feasibility of solving Einstein Klein-Gordon equations constrained by an \emph{appropriate} form of constant roll definition. As compared to the well known (two-parametric class of) real field models, there is one more degree of flexibility in constant roll inflationary solutions which is represented by an arbitrary function of time, $\gamma(t)$. We work with an arbitrary but constant function $\gamma$ (where $\gamma=0$ refers to the corresponding real field model) and find new inflationary class of potentials. In this class of models, the behavior of real and complex field models are similar in some aspects, for example the solutions with large constant roll parameter are not stable and should be considered as early time transients. These field solutions relax at late time on a dual attractor trajectory. However, complex fields phase space trajectories reach this stable regime after real fields. We performed the stability analysis on $\gamma$ function space solutions and found that dynamically stable trajectories in phase space are stable under $\gamma$ variations. We extended this study by considering multifield models of constant roll inflation with non-canonical kinetic terms. By enlarging the size of field space, we showed that a multifield constant roll model is dynamically a single field effective theory. If field space is parametrized by $N$ non-canonical fields, there will be $N$ free parameters in the potential that can be attributed to the interaction between the fields., Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures

Introduction: A pivotal issue to achieve success in the treatment of the root canal is root canal disinfection. One of the most important bacteria that infect the root canal is Enterococcus faecalis. This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of 3 methods for disinfecting the root canal: photodynamic therapy, modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP), and calcium hydroxide. Methods: Sixty-two single-rooted extracted anterior teeth were collected. After cleaning and disinfecting the teeth, their crowns were cut at the CEJ point. The root canals were shaped to the working length up to file F3 ProTaper (F1, F2, F3). EDTA 17% and sodium hypochlorite 2.5% were used for 5 minutes to wash and remove the smear layer, and then the apical foramen was sealed using composite. After that, the teeth were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. Then 10 samples were taken randomly as the negative control. The remaining samples were immersed and cultivated in a suspension containing E. faecalis for 21 days. Then the samples were divided into 5 groups: 2 positive control groups, 1 group treated with the antibiotic paste with the concentration of 1 mg/mL, 1 group treated with calcium hydroxide, and 1 group treated with photodynamic therapy. Then, to collect the biofilm, the ProTaper file F4 was used. After that, the microbial suspension was provided and counting the colonies was carried out to compare the groups. Results: The findings indicated that the amount of CFU/mg of MTAP samples, including clindamycin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin in the concentration of 1 mg/mL and photodynamic therapy and calcium hydroxide was lower than that in the control group. Antibiotic paste cleansed the root canal up to 99.9%. Photodynamic therapy reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 98.8%, and calcium hydroxide reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 94.13%. Conclusion: Using photodynamic therapy causes a reduction in the biofilm and inhibits the growth of the E. faecalis bacterium. In addition, in this study, MTAP with a concentration of 1 mg/mL was used, which expunged the bacteria completely. Meanwhile, calcium hydroxide had the weakest effect of all on the E. faecalis bacterium.

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium associated with persistent endodontic infections. Conventional disinfection methods may not completely eradicate the bacteria within the root canal system. Therefore, novel modalities have been suggested to optimize root canal disinfection. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and their combination in addition to conventional endodontic irrigation against E. faecalis biofilms in root canals. Methods: Root canals of 50 single-rooted extracted human teeth were prepared and incubated with E. faecalis for 21 days. They were then divided into 4 treatment groups and a control group as follows: (1) NaOCl—Syringe irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl, (2) PUI—Passive ultrasonic irrigation with NaOCl, (3) NaOCl+PDT—Photodynamic therapy following syringe irrigation with NaOCl, (4) PUI+PDT, (5) Control—Syringe irrigation with saline. Colony-forming units were counted and bacterial reduction was calculated for each treatment group. Results: All treatments led to significant reductions in the bacterial load compared to the control group. PUI and PUI+PDT led to the complete elimination of the bacteria from the root canals. NaOCl and NaOCl+PDT treatments reduced the bacteria by 99.9% and 99.5% respectively. NaOCl+PDT was significantly less effective in reducing the bacteria compared to other treatment groups. There were no significant differences between the NaOCl, PUI, and PUI+PDT groups. Conclusion: Passive ultrasonic irrigation with or without the combination of Photodynamic therapy completely eradicated the bacteria. The use of PDT as an adjunction to NaOCl syringe irrigation and PUI did not enhance their antibacterial effect.

We investigate a single field model in the context of the constant-roll inflation in which inflaton moves down to the minimum point of the potential with a constant rate of rolling. We use a quintessential inflationary model obtained by a Lorentzian function which is dependent on the number of e-folds. We present the inflationary analysis for the model and find the observational constraints on the parameters space using the observations of CMB anisotropies \textit{i.e.} the Planck and Keck/array datasets. We find the observationally acceptable values of the Width of the Lorentzian function as $0.3, Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

We study the inflationary period driven by a fermionic field which is non-minimally coupled to gravity in the context of the constant-roll approach. We consider the model for a specific form of coupling and perform the corresponding inflationary analysis. By comparing the result with the Planck observations coming from CMB anisotropies, we find the observational constraints on the parameters space of the model and also the predictions the model. We find that the values of $r$ and $n_{s}$ for $-1.5, Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures

Introduction: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as a supplement to the conventional root canal preparation has shown promising results. Previous studies have adopted various combinations of light sources and photosensitizers, which makes it difficult to compare the disinfection efficacy of different PDT protocols. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of three photosensitizers (toluidine blue, methylene blue, and curcumin) in PDT using LED against Enterococcus faecalis in root canal disinfection. Methods: Root canals of 54 single-rooted extracted teeth were prepared using the ProTaper Gold rotary system and were incubated with E. faecalis for three weeks. They were then randomly divided into five experimental groups and a control group: (1) Irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl for 30 seconds, (2) NaOCl irrigation followed by TB-PDT, (3) NaOCl irrigation followed by MB-PDT, (4) NaOCL irrigation followed by curcumin-PDT, (5) Curcumin solvent (1% ethanol+1% BSA), (6) Control (irrigation with normal saline). Sampling was done by collecting dentin shavings from the root canals, and colony-forming units were determined for each treatment group. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The significance level was set at P0.05). Conclusion: The adjunction of toluidine blue-mediated PDT by means of a light-emitting diode to NaOCl irrigation increased its antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis and could be an effective complementary method in root canal disinfection.

Incomplete data are often presented for determining the role of vitamin A supplement therapy for improving treatment outcomes in patients with COVID-19.We compared treatment effects between a group that received vitamin A added to the standard COVID-19 treatment and another group that received the standard drug treatment alone.Participants in this triple-blind controlled trial comprised 182 COVID-19 outpatients in Saveh City, Markazi Province, Islamic Republic of Iran, in 2020. Patients were randomly divided into experimental (n = 91) and control (n = 91) groups. Patients in the control group received the national standard treatment for COVID-19 (hydroxychloroquine), and those in the intervention group received 25 000 IU/d oral vitamin A for 10 days in addition to the standard treatment recommended by the national protocol. We evaluated the clinical symptoms, paraclinical criteria, and hospitalization status before and after 10 days of interventions.The treatment groups did not differ significantly in clinical and paraclinical symptoms before the intervention. However, clinical symptoms such as fever, body ache, weakness and fatigue, paraclinical symptoms, white blood cell count, and C-reactive protein showed significantly greater decreases in the experimental group 10 days post-intervention compared with the standard treatment alone (P0.05).Vitamin A supplementation demonstrated efficacy in improving some clinical and paraclinical symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Future studies should evaluate vitamin A supplementation with a larger sample size and compare different dosages, especially in hospitalized patients.تقييم مكملات فيتامين (أ) ومقارنتها بالعلاجات المعيارية عند استخدامها لعلاج مرضى كوفيد-19.محمد روحاني، حسن مظفر، مهدي مصري، مهدي شكري، دانيال ديلاني ومحمود كريمي.غالبًا ما تقدم بيانات غير كاملة لتحديد دور العلاج بمكملات فيتامين (أ) لتحسين نتائج العلاج بين مرضى كوفيد-19.هدفت هذه الدراسة الى مقارنة آثار العلاج بين مجموعة تلقت فيتامين (أ) بالإضافة إلى علاج كوفيد-19 المعياري ومجموعة أخرى تلقت العلاج بالأدوية المعيارية وحدها.ضم المشاركون في هذه التجربة المضبوطة بتعمية ثلاثية 182 مريضًا من مرضى كوفيد-19 المراجعين للعيادات الخارجية في مدينة سافيه بمحافظة مركازي في جمهورية إيران الإسلامية في عام 2020. ووزَّع الباحثون المرضى عشوائيًّا إلى مجموعة تجريبية (العدد = 91) ومجموعة ضابطة (العدد = 91). وتلقى المرضى في المجموعة الضابطة العلاج المعياري الوطني لكوفيد-19 (الهيدروكسيكلوروكين)، وتلقى المرضى في مجموعة التدخل 25000 وحدة دولية/يوميًّا من فيتامين (أ) عن طريق الفم لمدة 10 أيام، بالإضافة إلى العلاج المعياري الموصى به في البروتوكول الوطني. وقد قيَّمنا الأعراض السريرية والمعايير اللاسريرية وحالة إدخال المستشفى قبل التدخلات وبعدها بمدة 10 أيام.لم تختلف مجموعتا العلاج اختلافًا مهمًًّّا في الأعراض السريرية واللاسريرية قبل التدخل. ومع ذلك، تراجعت الأعراض السريرية، مثل الحمى وآلام الجسم والضعف والتعب والأعراض اللاسريرية وتعداد خلايا الدم البيضاء والبروتين المتفاعل سي، تراجعًا أكبر كثيرًا في المجموعة التجريبية بعد 10 أيام من التدخل، مقارنةً بالعلاج القياسي وحده (القيمة الاحتمالية أقل من 0.05).أثبتت مكملات فيتامين (أ) فاعليةً في تحسين بعض الأعراض السريرية واللاسريرية عند مرضى كوفيد-19. وينبغي للدراسات المستقبلية تقييم مكملات فيتامين (أ) بعينات أكبر حجمًًا ومقارنة الجرعات المختلفة، وخاصة مع المرضى نزلاء المستشفيات.Évaluation de la supplémentation en vitamine A et comparaison avec les thérapies standard dans le traitement des patients atteints de COVID-19.Les données présentées pour déterminer le rôle de la supplémentation en vitamine A dans l'amélioration des résultats du traitement des patients atteints de COVID-19 sont souvent incomplètes.Nous avons comparé les effets thérapeutiques entre un groupe qui recevait de la vitamine A en complément du traitement standard contre la COVID-19 et un autre groupe qui recevait uniquement le traitement médicamenteux standard.Les participants à cet essai contrôlé en triple aveugle comprenaient 182 patients COVID-19 ambulatoires dans la ville de Saveh, province de Markazi, République islamique d'Iran, en 2020. Les patients ont été répartis aléatoirement en groupes expérimental (n = 91) et témoin (n = 91). Les patients du groupe témoin ont reçu le traitement standard national contre la COVID-19 (hydroxychloroquine) et ceux du groupe d'intervention ont reçu 25 000 UI/j de vitamine A par voie orale pendant 10 jours parallèlement au traitement standard recommandé par le protocole national. Nous avons évalué les symptômes cliniques, les critères paracliniques et le statut d'hospitalisation avant et après 10 jours d'interventions.Il n'y avait pas de différence significative entre les groupes de traitement en ce qui concerne les symptômes cliniques et paracliniques avant l'intervention. Cependant, des symptômes cliniques tels que la fièvre, les douleurs corporelles, la faiblesse et la fatigue, les symptômes paracliniques, la numération des globules blancs et la protéine C-réactive ont montré des diminutions significativement plus importantes dans le groupe expérimental 10 jours après l'intervention par rapport au traitement standard seul (p0,05).La supplémentation en vitamine A a prouvé son efficacité dans l'amélioration de certains symptômes cliniques et paracliniques chez les patients atteints de COVID-19. Les futures études devraient évaluer la supplémentation en vitamine A avec un échantillon plus vaste et comparer différents dosages, notamment chez les patients hospitalisés.

Context: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most dangerous viral diseases that started spreading in China in 2019 and has caused many deaths so far. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review studies on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus in infants and children. Evidence Acquisition: This is a systematic review study conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Web of Science (ISI) databases on October 8 2020. Also, we searched Google Scholar to find all in-press articles. To extract data, a checklist was used, which included the author’s name, year of publication, purpose, age group of patients under study, and the protocol applied for coronavirus prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The search was done with AND, OR, NOT strategies. The results of the study were reported in a descriptive manner using Endnote version 8 software. Results: According to the results of the basic search, 120 articles were extracted on the management of coronavirus. Of the articles extracted, 30 were articles related to children, of which only eight developed protocols for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in infants and children. Of the studies extracted, six were from China, one from Iran, and one from Australia. It should be noted that the protocols for infants were extracted from two studies on infants and four studies on the pediatric group. Conclusions: It is proposed to consider and study this systematic review of coronavirus management in infants and children.

Objective: Adolescence is a critical period in terms of development and education, in which there are numbers of highrisk behaviors that can negative effects on personal and educational life. One of these high-risk behaviors is mobile phone addiction that is a sociopsychological phenomenon, and the lack of control in the use of this technology by students can cause damage to various aspects of their personal and educational lives. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of procrastination in the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and addiction to mobile phone in gifted students. Method: This was a descriptive and correlational study in which 200 gifted students from gifted students’ high school of Meshghinshahr were selected using cluster sampling in 2020. Tri-Shot Perfectionism questionnaires, Tuckman Procrastination Scale, and Savari Mobile Phone Addiction questionnaire were applied to collect data. Descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and path analysis (Structural Model) were used to analyze data. Results: The findings revealed positive and negative perfectionism was not directly related to cell phone addiction. However, positive perfectionism through procrastination meditation had a negative and indirect relationship with mobile phone addiction (β = -0.18), and negative perfectionism through procrastination meditation had a positive and indirect relationship with mobile phone addiction (β = 0.17). In other words, procrastination is a complete mediation in the relationship between negative and positive perfectionism and cell phone addiction in students (β = 0.29). Conclusion: The results emphasized the effect of procrastination on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and mobile phone addiction in gifted students. Therefore, these findings can help school and rehabilitation counselors to prepare programs for reducing students' addictive and avoidant behaviors.

We study a single field inflationary model modified by a non-minimal coupling term between the Ricci scalar $R$ and the scalar field $\varphi$ in the context of constant-roll inflation. The first-order formalism is used to analyse the constant-roll inflation instead of the standard methods used in the literature. In principle, the formalism considers two functions of the scalar field, $W=W(\varphi)$ and $Z=Z(\varphi)$, which lead to the reduction of the equations of motion to first-order differential equations. The approach can be applied to a wide range of cosmological situations since it directly relates the function $W$ with Hubble parameter $H$. We perform the inflationary analysis for power-law and exponential couplings, separately. Then, we investigate the features of constant-roll potentials as inflationary potentials. Finally, we compare the inflationary parameters of the models with the observations of CMB anisotropies in view of realize a physically motivated model., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of depression in Iranian children.This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO with code (CRD42020216632) and performed based on the MOOSE protocol and PRISMA guidelines. Title and abstract of articles were searched without time limit until April 2020 in international databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EBSCO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Iranian databases.In 34 studies with a sample size of 23,779 Iranian children, the prevalence of depression was estimated 42.3 % (95 %CI: 34.9-50.0). Prevalence of depression in girls in 20 studies with a sample size of 11,170 was estimated 42.1 % (95 %CI: 32.7-52.1) and the prevalence of depression in males in 20 studies with a sample size of 4678 was estimated 29.6 % (95 %CI: 21.2-39.7). The odds ratio of female to male depression was 1.33 (95 %CI: 1.07-1.65, P0.011). Prevalence of mild, moderate, major and deep depression was 20.3 % (95 %CI: 16.4-24.9), 15.0 % (95 %CI: 11.3-19.7), 14.5 % (95 %CI: 10.8-19.1), and 4.3 % (95 %CI: 1.8-9.8), respectively. In subgroup analysis for prevalence of depression in Iranian children, the variables of geographical area (P = 0.258), quality of studies (P = 0.186), type of questionnaire (P = 0.907), sample size (P = 0.500) and year of studies (P = 0.538) were not significant, but subgroup analysis of province (P0.001) and school grade (P0.001) were significant.The results of the present meta-analysis showed that depression is common in Iranian children and is much higher than global estimates. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying and providing treatment to children who are most in need.

Background Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus. The present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate thyroid dysfunction in Iranian pregnant women. Methods We registered this review at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020166655). The research steps in this systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the MOOSE protocol, and finally, reports were provided based on the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was performed in October 2019 using the international online databases, including Web of Science, Ovid, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CINAHL, Google Scholar as well as national databases were reviewed. Data were extracted after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and qualitative evaluation of the studies. I2 index and Q test were used to assess differences in studies. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We identified 1261 potential articles from the databases, and 426 articles remained after removing the duplicate and unrelated studies. After evaluating the full text, 52 articles were removed. Results Finally, 19 eligible studies including 17,670 pregnant women included for meta-analysis. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Iranian pregnant women was 18.10% (95%CI: 13.89–23.25). The prevalence of hypothyroidism, clinical hypothyroidism, and subclinical hypothyroidism in Iranian pregnant women was respectively estimated to be 13.01% (95%CI: 9.15–18.17), 1.35% (95%CI: 0.97–1.86) and 11.90% (95%CI: 7.40–18.57). The prevalence of hyperthyroidism, clinical hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism in Iranian pregnant women was respectively estimated to be 3.31% (95%CI: 1.62–6.61), 1.06% (95%CI: 0.61–1.84) and 2.56% (95%CI: 0.90–7.05). The prevalence of anti-thyroperoxidase antibody was estimated to be 11.68% (95%CI: 7.92–16.89). Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis showed a high prevalence of thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism. The decision to recommend thyroid screening during pregnancy for all women is still under debate, because the positive effects of treatment on pregnancy outcomes must be ensured. On the other hand, evidence about the effect of thyroid screening and treatment of thyroid disorders on pregnancy outcomes is still insufficient. Nevertheless, a large percentage of general practitioners, obstetricians and gynecologists perform screening procedures in Iran.

Context: One of the emerging diseases that has spread in 2019 is COVID-19. Objectives: The present systematic review (SR) was performed to evaluate the status of laboratory and radiological findings in the age group of children and adolescents with COVID-19. Methods: In this SR study, three of the research team members conducted searches in SCOPUS, PUBMED, Science Direct, and ISI international sites. The keywords that were searched included children- pediatric- adolescents- coronavirus- COVID-19- Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-epidemiology- diagnostic findings- laboratory findings- CT SCAN- computed tomography- percentage of lymphocyte- alanine aminotransferase- white blood cell count (WBC). The combination of search keywords with AND as well as OR was performed. For analysis, descriptive data reporting was performed using EndNote software. Results: The analysis of the laboratory and radiology findings of 197 patients of 12 studies included in the SR study showed notable changes in the lung CT scan and laboratory ranges that confirm the COVID-19 infection in these patients. Conclusions: This systematic review provides information on the laboratory and radiology findings of children and adolescents with COVID-19 for the health care team.

Introduction: A pivotal issue to achieve success in the treatment of the root canal is root canal disinfection. One of the most important bacteria that infect the root canal is Enterococcus faecalis. This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of 3 methods for disinfecting the root canal: photodynamic therapy, modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP), and calcium hydroxide. Methods: Sixty-two single-rooted extracted anterior teeth were collected. After cleaning and disinfecting the teeth, their crowns were cut at the CEJ point. The root canals were shaped to the working length up to file F3 ProTaper (F1, F2, F3). EDTA 17% and sodium hypochlorite 2.5% were used for 5 minutes to wash and remove the smear layer, and then the apical foramen was sealed using composite. After that, the teeth were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. Then 10 samples were taken randomly as the negative control. The remaining samples were immersed and cultivated in a suspension containing E. faecalis for 21 days. Then the samples were divided into 5 groups: 2 positive control groups, 1 group treated with the antibiotic paste with the concentration of 1 mg/mL, 1 group treated with calcium hydroxide, and 1 group treated with photodynamic therapy. Then, to collect the biofilm, the ProTaper file F4 was used. After that, the microbial suspension was provided and counting the colonies was carried out to compare the groups. Results: The findings indicated that the amount of CFU/mg of MTAP samples, including clindamycin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin in the concentration of 1 mg/mL and photodynamic therapy and calcium hydroxide was lower than that in the control group. Antibiotic paste cleansed the root canal up to 99.9%. Photodynamic therapy reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 98.8%, and calcium hydroxide reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 94.13%. Conclusion: Using photodynamic therapy causes a reduction in the biofilm and inhibits the growth of the E. faecalis bacterium. In addition, in this study, MTAP with a concentration of 1 mg/mL was used, which expunged the bacteria completely. Meanwhile, calcium hydroxide had the weakest effect of all on the E. faecalis bacterium.

In the present work, we consider the non-minimal coupling inflationary model in the context of the constant-roll idea which is investigated by the first-order formalism. We attempt to find the hidden symmetries behind the model by the Lie symmetry method. We supply this aim by using the symmetry features of the Heun function instead of Killing vector approach. We show that the hidden symmetries of the non-minimal constant-roll inflation in the cases of power-law and exponential couplings are characterized as a generalized form of s l ( 2 , R ) and s u ( 1 , 1 ) algebra

Yeasts, as Eukaryotes, offer unique features for ease of growth and genetic manipulation possibilities, making it an exceptional microbial host. Areas covered: This review provides general and patent-oriented insights into production of biopharmaceuticals by yeasts. Patents, wherever possible, were correlated to the original or review articles. The review describes applications of major GRAS (generally regarded as safe) yeasts for the production of therapeutic proteins and subunit vaccines; additionally, immunomodulatory properties of yeast cell wall components were reviewed for use of whole yeast cells as a new vaccine platform. The second part of the review will discuss yeast- humanization strategies and innovative applications. Expert opinion: Biomedical applications of yeasts were initiated by utilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for production of leavened (fermented) products, and advanced to serve to produce biopharmaceuticals. Higher biomass production and expression/secretion yields, more similarity of glycosylation patterns to mammals and possibility of host-improvement strategies through application of synthetic biology might enhance selection of Pichia pastoris (instead of S. cerevisiae) as a host for production of biopharmaceutical in future. Immunomodulatory properties of yeast cell wall β-glucans and possibility of intracellular expression of heterologous pathogen/tumor antigens in yeast cells have expanded their application as a new platform, 'Whole Yeast Vaccines'.

PURPOSE: Cancer is a type of chronic illness that causes many issues for patients and their caregivers, including a wide range of psychological problems. This study was conducted to determine the status and psychological problems of caregivers of pediatric patients with cancer who live in Iran. METHODS: All articles from 2000 to March 2019 related to the psychological of caregivers and their child's cancer were included in the search. Domestic websites in Iran and international databases were searched. Keywords of the search included child, cancer, malignancy, care burden, stress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, psychological hardiness, posttraumatic stress, parents, father, mother, and pediatric. The search, data extraction, quality assessment and screening were conducted independently by two researchers. RESULTS: In the initial search, 345 articles were extracted regarding the psychological problems of caregivers. After final screening 15 articles were selected; from these four referred to care burden, four articles for coping skills, three articles for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and four articles for stress, anxiety, and depression among carers of children with cancer. CONCLUSION: Considering the existence of psychological problems such as caregiver burden, PTSD, stress, anxiety, and depression in caregivers of children with cancer, it is necessary to provide nursing interventions for this group of parents; particularly interventions that provide the necessary ground for reducing psychological problems and improving caregivers' mental health.

Inflationary models with power-law potentials are starting to be severely constrained by the recent measurements of Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies provided by the Planck Satellite and by the BICEP2 telescope. In particular, models with power-law potentials $V(\varphi)\propto \varphi^n$ with $n \ge 2$ are strongly disfavored by present data since they predict a sizable contribution of gravitational waves with a tensor/scalar ratio of $r\sim0.15$ that is at odds with current limits. A non-minimal coupling to gravity has been proposed as a physical mechanism to lower the predictions for $r$. In this paper we further investigate the issue, presenting constraints on non-minimal couplings from current CMB data under the assumption of power-law potentials. We found that models with $n>2$ show a statistically significant indication (above $95 \%$ C.L.) for a non minimal coupling. Non minimal coupling is also preferred by models with $n, Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures

Introduction Low birth weight (LBW) is an important general health indicator. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of LBW in Iran. Method This meta-analysis was reported based on the PRISMA guidelines. All stages were independently performed by two authors. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020163446). We searched epidemiological studies at international databases of Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search engine, as well as Iranian databases of SID, IranDoc, Iranian National Library, Barakat Knowledge Network System, RICST and Magiran using MeSH keywords without time limit until 2019. After selecting the studies, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and qualitative assessment, the data were analyzed based on random effects model using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The prevalence of LBW in Iran was 7.95% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.36–8.58) in 62 studies with a sample size of 301,839 newborns. The prevalence of LBW in girls and boys was 8.41% (95%CI: 7.47–9.45) and 6.67% (95%CI: 5.86–7.59), respectively. The girls-to-boys odds ratio of LBW was 1.25 (95%CI: 1.13–1.39, P < 0.001) very LBW and extremely LBW prevalence was estimated to be 0.61% (95%CI: 0.40–0.93) and 0.29% (95% CI: 0.18–0.45), respectively. The risk factors for LBW were age of >35 versus [vs.] ≤35 (P = 0.024), age of 2 (P < 0.001), prematurity (P < 0.001), history of LBW (P < 0.001), multiple birth (P < 0.001), abortion (P < 0.001), vaginal bleeding (P < 0.001), hypertension (P = 0.001) and preeclampsia (P < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis showed that LBW is prevalent in Iran. This study can be a national database for LBW that would be of interest to Iranian health policy-makers and planners., Public health; Pediatrics; Prevalence; Iran; Risk factors; Low birth weight; Meta-analysis.

Periodontitis and tooth decay are common dental diseases. There are some bacterial risk factors such as Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Candida albicans complications, tubers of Cyperus rotundus was used to determine the antimicrobial effect of fungi. Considering the increasing resistance of bacteria and fungi to antibiotics and their alcoholic and aqueous extracts and essential oil on Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Candida albicans, as well as an examination cytotoxicity on gingival fibroblast cells. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts and essential oil prepared from tubers of Cyperus rotundus. After bacterial and fungal cultures, the inhibition zone, Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), were studied. Cytotoxicity was also evaluated using the Methyl tetrazolium test (MTT).The results showed that Cyperus rotundus alcoholic extract had the greatest effect on inhibition of growth and death of Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. According to the present study, Cyperus rotundus extract can be considered as a suitable candidate for the treatment and prevention of periodontitis and tooth decay.

Prevention of bacterial growth among root canal treatment sessions is a prerequisite for successful root canal treatment. The most common way to achieve this is to use calcium hydroxide in the treatment sessions. Some studies have shown calcium hydroxide inefficiency in this field. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of silver, copper, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the inhibitory effects of calcium hydroxide based on Enterococcus faecalis species. Enterococcus faecalis bacteria having 0.5 McFarland concentration were prepared. Plates containing BHI agar medium were prepared. In each plate, four wells were created and the plate was cultured using a sterile swab. Afterwards, calcium hydroxide composition of 1% and 2% concentration from silver, copper, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles were prepared separately, as well as the combination of calcium hydroxide with 1% silver in combination with 1% of copper, zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles, which were then transferred to the wells. After 24 hours of incubation, the inhibition zone diameter was measured. Data were analyzed by Mann-Withney test. At 1% concentration, only the combination of copper nanoparticles with calcium hydroxide could significantly create an inhibition zone larger than calcium hydroxide alone (P

We present an extended study of inflationary models that inflaton field is non-minimally coupled with gravity. We study parameters space of the models up to the second (and in some cases third) order of the slow-roll parameters for usual large field potentials in Jordan and Einstein frames that are connected each other by conformal transformation. We calculate inflationary parameters and the results are compared in both frames and also with observations. By using the recent observational datasets, we present a discussion in order to clarify the physical frame between Jordan and Einstein frames. Also, some suggestions are expressed in order to navigate us for the future works., 23 pages

In this paper we employ the Horava-Lifshitz black holes solutions and obtain the corresponding Hamiltonian. It helps us to take new variables and it will be written by harmonic oscillator form. This leads us to apply non-commutative geometry to the new Hamiltonian and obtain the corresponding Lagrangian. And then, we take some information from Finsler geometry and write the Lagrangian of the different kinds of Horava-Lifshitz black holes. We show that the corresponding Lagrangian in non-commutative and Finsler geometry for above mentioned black holes completely coincidence together with some specification of parameters. But in case of rotation, the place of center of mass energy completely different, so the particle goes to inside of black hole rapidly without falling into singularity. So in that case, two Lagrangians cover each other at $0, Comment: 15 pages

The development of an efficient vaccine against high-risk HPV types can reduce the incidence rates of cervical cancer by generating anti-tumor protective responses. Traditionally, the majority of prophylactic viral vaccines are composed of live, attenuated or inactivated viruses. Among them, the design of an effective and low-cost vaccine is critical. Inactivated vaccines especially heat-killed yeast cells have emerged as a promising approach for generating antigen-specific immunotherapy. Recent studies have indicated that yeast cell wall components possess adjuvant activities. Moreover, a non-pathogenic protozoan, Leishmania tarentolae (L.tar) has attracted a great attention as a live candidate vaccine. In current study, immunological and protective efficacy of whole recombinant killed Pichia pastoris and Leishmania tarentolae expressing HPV16 L1 capsid protein was evaluated in tumor mice model. We found that Pichia-L1, L.tar-L1 and Gardasil groups increase the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, indicating a relative preference for the induction of Th1 immune responses. Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of killed Pichia-L1 generated the significant L1-specific IFN-γ immune response as well as the best protective effects in vaccinated mice as compared to killed L.tar-L1, killed Pichia pastoris, killed L.tar and PBS groups. Indeed, whole recombinant Leishmania tarentolae could not protect mice against C3 tumor mice model. These data suggest that Pichia-L1 may be a candidate for the control of HPV infections.