Author: "Meharie, Birhanu Geta" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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31 results on '"Meharie, Birhanu Geta"'

1. Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Burkart, Katrin, Causey, Kate, Cohen, Aaron J, Wozniak, Sarah S, Salvi, Devashri Digvijay, Abbafati, Cristiana, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adsuar, Jose C, Ahmadi, Keivan, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alipour, Vahid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Ansari, Fereshteh, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Aripov, Timur, Babaee, Ebrahim, Banach, Maciej, Barnett, Anthony, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Béjot, Yannick, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bernstein, Robert S, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Butt, Zahid A, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cantu-Brito, Carlos, Carvalho, Felix, Cerin, Ester, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chauhan, Bal Govind, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daryani, Ahmad, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Diaz, Daniel, Djalalinia, Shirin, Duncan, Bruce B, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Freitas, Marisa, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajat Das, Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I, Heibati, Behzad, Hole, Michael K, Hossain, Naznin, Househ, Mowafa, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaydi, Neda, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir M, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kugbey, Nuworza, Lauriola, Paolo, Lee, Paul H, Leili, Mostafa, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Yong, Lorkowski, Stefan, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahotra, Narayan B, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Martini, Santi, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moraga, Paula, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Naik, Gurudatta, Nangia, Vinay, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortiz, Alberto, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Raoofi, Samira, Rawal, Lal, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezapour, Aziz, Ribeiro, Daniela, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shuval, Kerem, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ullah, Irfan, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Violante, Francesco S, Waheed, Yasir, Wolfe, Charles D A, Yamada, Tomohide, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zhang, Yunquan, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, and Brauer, Michael
Published: 2022
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2. Evaluation of the antiulcerogenic activity of hydromethanol extracts of Solanum incanum L. (Solanaceae) leaves and roots in mice; single and repeated dose study

Author: Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, Amare, Gedefaw Getnet, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, and Kifle, Zemene Demelash
Published: 2021
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3. Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study

Author: Sartorius, Benn, VanderHeide, John D, Yang, Mingyou, Goosmann, Erik A, Hon, Julia, Haeuser, Emily, Cork, Michael A, Perkins, Samantha, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Serfes, Audrey L, LeGrand, Kate E, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam, Abosetugn, Akine Eshete, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akalu, Yonas, Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Aklilu, Addis, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Noore, Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw, Alanzi, Turki M, Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Tilahun, Alipour, Vahid, Amini, Saeed, Ancuceanu, Robert, Ansari, Fereshteh, Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Marcel, Awedew, Atalel Fentahun, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Ayza, Muluken Altaye, Azari, Samad, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din, Baig, Atif Amin, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Banach, Maciej, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Basu, Sanjay, Bayati, Mohsen, Bedi, Neeraj, Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye, Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M Mequanint, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bibi, Sadia, Bikbov, Boris, Birhan, Tsegaye Adane, Bitew, Zebenay Workneh, Bockarie, Moses John, Boloor, Archith, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Felix, Charan, Jaykaran, Chatterjee, Souranshu, Chattu, Soosanna Kumary, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cook, Aubrey J, Cormier, Natalie Maria, Cowden, Richard G, Culquichicon, Carlos, Dagnew, Baye, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Damiani, Giovanni, Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz, Daoud, Farah, Daryani, Ahmad, das Neves, José, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Deribe, Kebede, Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu, Deuba, Keshab, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Diaz, Daniel, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, Paul Narh, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duko, Bereket, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Earl, Lucas, Eaton, Jeffrey W, Effiong, Andem, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, Elayedath, Rajesh, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, Elsharkawy, Aisha, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Eyawo, Oghenowede, Ezzikouri, Sayeh, Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara, Fasil, Alebachew, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Feigin, Valery L, Ferede, Tomas Y, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Foroutan, Masoud, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gad, Mohamed M, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebregiorgis, Birhan Gebresillassie, Gebremichael, Berhe, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Getacher, Lemma, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gilani, Syed Amir, Ginindza, Themba G, Glagn, Mustefa, Golechha, Mahaveer, Gona, Philimon N, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guido, Davide, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Hall, Brian J, Hamidi, Samer, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hargono, Arief, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hayat, Khezar, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hidru, Hagos Degefa de, Holla, Ramesh, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Househ, Mowafa, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Iwu, Chidozie C D, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Jain, Vardhmaan, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalilian, Farzad, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Johnson, Kimberly B, Joshua, Vasna, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Ali, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Ashwin, Kamyari, Naser, Kanchan, Tanuj, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Kasa, Ayele Semachew, Kassahun, Getinet, Kayode, Gbenga A, Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelkay, Bayew, Khalid, Nauman, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Junaid, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khatab, Khaled, Khazaei, Salman, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kochhar, Sonali, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulkarni, Vaman, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Nithin, Kurmi, Om P, Kusuma, Dian, Kuupiel, Desmond, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lam, Jennifer O, Landires, Iván, Lasrado, Savita, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lazzar-Atwood, Alice, Lee, Paul H, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Li, Bingyu, Liu, Xuefeng, Lopukhov, Platon D, M. Amin, Hawraz Ibrahim, Madi, Deepak, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mayala, Benjamin K, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Melku, Mulugeta, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mersha, Abera M, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R, Mirica, Andreea, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Mohamad, Osama, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Salahuddin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Mokonnon, Taklu Marama, Molokhia, Mariam, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Yousef, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Mosser, Jonathan F, Munro, Sandra B, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naveed, Muhammad, Nayak, Vinod C, Nazari, Javad, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Nepal, Samata, Netsere, Henok Biresaw, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nigussie, Samuel Negash, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Oancea, Bogdan, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omer, Muktar Omer, Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Orisakwe, Orish Ebere, Otstavnov, Nikita, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Patel, Urvish K, Pathak, Mona, Patton, George C, Pawar, Shrikant, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J, Pottoo, Faheem Hyder, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Ram, Pradhum, Rana, Juwel, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Satish, Rao, Sowmya J, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Renjith, Vishnu, Reta, Melese Abate, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Ross, Jennifer M, Rumisha, Susan Fred, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahu, Maitreyi, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Samy, Abdallah M, Sathian, Brijesh, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Sha, Feng, Shafaat, Omid, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaka, Mohammed Feyisso, Sheikh, Aziz, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Jae Il, Shivakumar, K M, Sidemo, Negussie Boti, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Somefun, Oluwaseyi Dolapo, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu, Tadesse, Eyayou Girma, Tamir, Zemenu, Tamiru, Animut Tagele, Tanser, Frank C, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalegn, Yohannes, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Tessema, Belay, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thakur, Bhaskar, Tolani, Musliu Adetola, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torrado, Marco, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tsai, Alexander C, Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saif, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Vardavas, Constantine, Violante, Francesco S, Vo, Bay, Wado, Yohannes Dibaba, Waheed, Yasir, Wamai, Richard G, Wang, Yanzhong, Ward, Paul, Werdecker, Andrea, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu, Yamada, Tomohide, Yaya, Sanni, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yosef, Tewodros, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zaidi, Syed Saoud, Zaki, Leila, Zamanian, Maryam, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zastrozhina, Anasthasia, Zewdie, Dejene Tesfaye, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Ziapour, Arash, Hay, Simon I, and Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura
Published: 2021
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4. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

Author: Deshpande, Aniruddha, Miller-Petrie, Molly K, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Baumann, Mathew M, Johnson, Kimberly B, Blacker, Brigette F, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abualhasan, Ahmed, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agudelo-Botero, Marcela, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Anwar E, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akanda, Ali S, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Noore, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alanzi, Turki M, Albright, James, Albujeer, Ammar, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alebel, Animut, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Muhammad, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almasi, Ali, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amini, Saeed, Amit, Arianna Maever L., Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Benny, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Arabloo, Jalal, Aref, Hany Mohamed Amin, Aremu, Olatunde, Armoon, Bahram, Arora, Amit, Aryal, Krishna K, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asmelash, Daniel, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atre, Sachin R, Ausloos, Marcel, Awasthi, Shally, Awoke, Nefsu, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Azari, Samad, Azman, Andrew S, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Basu, Sanjay, Bay, Vo Dinh, Bayati, Mohsen, Bedi, Neeraj, Beheshti, Mahya, Behzadifar, Meysam, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A., Benzian, Habib, Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, Bernstein, Robert S, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Boufous, Soufiane, Brady, Oliver J, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B, Brown, Alexandria, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Franz, Cerin, Ester, Chalise, Binaya, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chin, Ken Lee, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cormier, Natalie Maria, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Dadi, Abel Fekadu Fekadu, Dahiru, Tukur, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Lalit, Dang, Anh Kim, Daoud, Farah, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K, Das Gupta, Rajat, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davis Weaver, Nicole, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Demissie, Dereje Bayissa, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Desalew, Assefa, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhillon, Preeti, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Diaz, Daniel, Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi, Do, Hoa Thi, Dolecek, Christiane, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Effiong, Andem, Eftekhari, Aziz, El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., El-Khatib, Ziad, Elkout, Hajer, Elsharkawy, Aisha, Enany, Shymaa, Endalew, Daniel Adane, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Etemadi, Arash, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fareed, Mohammad, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fasil, Alebachew Fasil, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Fekadu, Wubalem, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Frostad, Joseph Jon, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gad, Mohamed M, Garcia, Gregory M, Gatotoh, Augustine Mwangi, Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghazi Sherbaf, Farzaneh, Gill, Tiffany K, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G, Girmay, Alem, Gizaw, Zemichael, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grada, Ayman, Green, Manfred S, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guido, Davide, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Rahul, Ha, Giang Hai, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Dessalegn H, Haile, Michael Tamene, Hall, Brian J., Hamidi, Samer, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Haririan, Hamidreza, Hariyani, Ninuk, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md. Mehedi, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hayelom, Desta Haftu, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hidru, Hagos Degefa de, Hird, Thomas R, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hollerich, Gillian I, Hoogar, Praveen, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Househ, Mowafa, Hu, Guoqing, Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Syed Ather, Hussen, Mamusha Aman A, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ivers, Rebecca Q, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalali, Amir, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B., Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kanchan, Tanuj, Karch, André, Karki, Surendra, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe, Kassa, Gebrehiwot G, Kassa, 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Published: 2020
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5. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

Author: Wiens, Kirsten E, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Blacker, Brigette F, Johnson, Kimberly B, Baumann, Mathew M, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Sr, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Adabi, Maryam, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Sr, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Sr, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Afarideh, Mohsen, Ahmad, Sohail, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Anwar E, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Rushdia, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Noore, Sr, Alam, Samiah, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alanzi, Turki M, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almasi, Ali, Sr, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, Amini, Saeed, Sr, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Sr, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Sr, Anjomshoa, Mina, Anoushiravani, Amir, Sr, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Benny, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Arabloo, Jalal, Aref, Hany Mohamed Amin, Sr, Aremu, Olatunde, Armoon, Bahram, Arora, Amit, Sr, Aryal, Krishna K, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Sr, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Atre, Sachin R, Ausloos, Marcel, Awoke, Nefsu, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Sr, Aynalem IV, Yared Asmare, Azari, Samad, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babaee, Ebrahim, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Badawi, Alaa, Sr, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Sr, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Sr, Barac, Aleksandra, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Basaleem, Huda, Basu, Sanjay, Bay, Vo Dinh, Bayati, Mohsen, Baye, Estifanos, Bedi, Neeraj, Beheshti, Mahya Mahya Beheshti, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, Bell, Michellr L, Sr, Bennett, Derrick A, Sr, Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, Bernstein, Robert S, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Sr, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Sr, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Birihane IV, Binyam Minuye, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bojia I, Hunduma Amensisa Amensisa, Boufous, Soufiane, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Sr, Busse, Reinhard, Sr, Butt, Zahid A, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Sr, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Sr, Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Felix, Sr, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Sr, Castro, Franz, Chanie, Wagaye Fentahun, Sr, Chatterjee, Pranab, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chichiabellu, Tesfaye Yitna Yitna, Jr, Chin, Ken Lee, Sr, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cormier, 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Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Izadi, Neda, Sr, Jaca, Anelisa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalali, Amir, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Sr, Jonas, Jost B, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Sr, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Hamed, Kanchan, Tanuj, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza, Karki, Surendra, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kasahun, Yawukal chane, Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe, Kassa, Gebrehiwot G, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kayode, Gbenga A, Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Kebede, Mihiretu M, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Abraham Getachew, Sr, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Sr, Ketema, Daniel Bekele, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalid, Nauman, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Sr, Khan, Junaid, Khan I, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khatab, Khaled, Sr, Khater, Amir M, Khater, Mona M, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaei, Salman, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Ali, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissoon, Niranjan, Sr, KMShivakumar, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah M, Sr, Kochhar, Sonali, Kolola, Tufa, Sr, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U G, Krishan, Kewal, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Sr, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lad, Sheetal D, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lam, Felix, Lami, Faris Hasan, Sr, Lamichhane, Prabhat, Lansingh, Van Charles, Lasrado, Savita, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lee, Paul H, Sr, LeGrand, Kate E, Leili, Mostafa, Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Sr, Levine, Aubrey J, Li, Shanshan, Sr, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Lodha, Rakesh, Longbottom, Joshua, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahadeshwara Prasad, D R, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Sr, Mahotra, 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Noushin, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Sr, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Sr, Moore, Catrin E, Sr, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morales, Linda, Moreno Velásquez, Ilais, Mosapour, Abbas, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mozaffor I, Miliva, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Sr, Mulaw, Getahun Fentaw, Sr, Munro, Sandra B, Muriithi, Moses K, Murray, Christopher J L, Murthy, GVS, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Sr, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Sr, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Sr, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Sr, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Sr, Negoi, Ionut, Sr, Netsere, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Sr, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Sr, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nigatu, Dabere, Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nojomi, Marzieh, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Sr, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya, Oancea, Bogdan, Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Sr, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V V, Sr, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B, Sr, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Sr, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakhale, Smita, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J, Sr, Pathak, Ashish, Sr, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Sr, Paulos, Kebreab, Sr, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Pereira, Alexandre, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pescarini, Julia Moreira, Piroozi, Bakhtiar, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Sr, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prada, Sergio I, Sr, Prasad, Narayan, Preotescu, Liliana, Quintana, Hedley, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, SHAFIUR, Rajati, Fatemeh, Sr, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Sr, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Sr, Rawal, Lal, Rawasia, Wasiq Faraz, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M N, Sr, Resnikoff, Serge, Sr, Reta, Melese Abate, Rezaei, Negar, Rezai, Mohammad sadegh, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Rickard, Jennifer, Sr, Rios-Blancas, Maria, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Sr, Ross, Jennifer M, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rubino, Salvatore, Saad, Anas M, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sr, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Sr, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Hosni, Salem I, Marwa R Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sr, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarkar, Kaushik, Sr, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan I, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Sr, Schwebel, David C, Sr, Senbeta IV, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Sr, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Sr, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Sr, Shallo, Seifadin Ahmed, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharifi, Hamid, Shehata, Hatem Samir, Sr, Sheikh, Aziz, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, Sr, Shibuya, Kenji, Sr, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, Sr, Shifti, Desalegn Markos, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Sr, Shirkoohi, Reza, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq Jamal, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sisay, Malede Mequanent, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza, Sr, Sokhan, Anton, Soltani, Shahin, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Sr, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sr, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Sultana, Marufa, Sunguya, Bruno Fokas, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadesse, Degena Bahrey, Jr, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Tasew, Aberash Abay, Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Sr, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfay I, Berhe Etsay, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile Haile, Tessema, Belay, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Nihal, Toma, Alemayehu Toma, Sr, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Ullah, Irfan, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Sr, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi, Sr, Valdez, Pascual R, Varughese, Santosh, Sr, Violante, Francesco S, Sr, Vollmer, Sebastian, Sr, W/hawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel, Sr, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weaver, Marcia, Weji, Bedilu Girma, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Welgan, Catherine A, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Sr, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Sr, Wolde, Haileab Fekadu, Sr, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Sr, Worku, Getasew Taddesse, Sr, Wu, Ai-Min, Xu, Gelin, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Sr, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, Yip, Paul, Sr, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Sr, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A, Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zepro, Nejimu Biza, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhao, Xiu-Ju George, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, Sr, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Hay, Simon I, and Reiner, Robert C, Jr
Published: 2020
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6. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Soriano, Joan B, Kendrick, Parkes J, Paulson, Katherine R, Gupta, Vinay, Abrams, Elissa M, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Advani, Shailesh M, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadian, Elham, Alahdab, Fares, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antó, Josep M, Arabloo, Jalal, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Awoke, Nefsu, Badawi, Alaa, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berfield, Kathleen S Sachiko, Bernstein, Robert S, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Brauer, Michael, Bukhman, Gene, Butt, Zahid A, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Cohen, Aaron J, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Daryani, Ahmad, de Courten, Barbora, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Desai, Rupak, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Douiri, Abdel, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Eftekhari, Aziz, Elkout, Hajer, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Garcia-Gordillo, M.A., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F, Goudarzi, Houman, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hole, Michael K, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamal, Amr A, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B, Kabir, Zubair, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Knibbs, Luke D, Komaki, Hamidreza, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kumar, G Anil, Lan, Qing, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, La Vecchia, Carlo, Le, Tham Thi, Leigh, James, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lopez, Alan D, Lotufo, Paulo A, Madotto, Fabiana, Mahotra, Narayan B, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Manafi, Farzad, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Ghobad, Morawska, Lidia, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naderi, Mehdi, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naik, Gurudatta, Nair, Sanjeev, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nixon, Molly R, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Pham, Hai Quang, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Poustchi, Hossein, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Reiner Jr., Robert C, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rudd, Kristina E, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Safari, Saeed, Saleem, Komal, Samy, Abdallah M, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Shirkoohi, Reza, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Jasvinder A, Soljak, Michael, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Toma, Alemayehu Toma, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ullah, Irfan, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R, van Boven, Job F M, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Veisani, Yousef, Violante, Francesco S, Wagner, Gregory R, Westerman, Ronny, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Zar, Heather J, Zhang, Yunquan, and Vos, Theo
Published: 2020
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7. Phytolacca dodecandra (Phytolaccaceae) Root Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities in Mice with CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Damage

Author: Meharie, Birhanu Geta and Tunta, Tewodros Agedew
Subjects: CCl4, mice, Antioxidant, Bilirubin, medicine.medical_treatment, TBARS, hepatoprotective, Pharmacology, Lipid peroxidation, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver disease, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Phytolacca dodecandra, medicine, Original Research, biology, Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology, Cholesterol, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Albumin, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Carbon tetrachloride, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, DPPH
Abstract: Birhanu Geta Meharie,1 Tewodros Agedew Tunta2 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Birhanu Geta Meharie Email birhanugeta@gmail.comBackground: The liver is a hub of metabolism and detoxification of substances. Since many redox reactions take place in the liver, it is prone to oxidative damage. Unlike conventional agents, botanicals act through several mechanisms in preventing oxidative damage. Among these Phytolacca dodecandra is the most commonly used agent in Ethiopian folk medicine.Objective: To evaluate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the 80% methanol extract of P. dodecandra root.Methods: Male mice were divided into six groups and treated accordingly. Negative control was given 2% Tween 80, toxicant control administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), positive control treated with silymarin 100 mg/kg, and test groups were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract. Then, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, albumin, total protein, and bilirubin were determined. Determination of the change in body weight and liver weight, histopathologic examination of the liver, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant assays were also carried out.Results: The levels of ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, and bilirubin were significantly reduced, while albumin and total protein were significantly increased after treatment with P. dodecandra root extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg in CCl4 intoxicated mice. Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis capabilities of the liver of mice were also returned to normal in the two doses. Besides, the 200 and 400 mg/kg doses were able to return the normal architecture and morphology of hepatocytes. Furthermore, the plant extract was found to scavenge free radicals in vitro and inhibit lipid peroxidation in vivo.Conclusion: The results suggest that the 80% methanol extract of P. dodecandra root can be used for the management of liver disease.Keywords: CCl4, DPPH, hepatoprotective, mice, Phytolacca dodecandra, TBARS
Published: 2021

8. Predicting the environmental suitability for onchocerciasis in Africa as an aid to elimination planning

Author: Cromwell, Elizabeth A., primary, Osborne, Joshua C. P., additional, Unnasch, Thomas R., additional, Basáñez, Maria-Gloria, additional, Gass, Katherine M., additional, Barbre, Kira A., additional, Hill, Elex, additional, Johnson, Kimberly B., additional, Donkers, Katie M., additional, Shirude, Shreya, additional, Schmidt, Chris A., additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., additional, Afarideh, Mohsen, additional, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, additional, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, additional, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, additional, Alanzi, Turki M., additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Ansari, Fereshteh, additional, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, additional, Anvari, Davood, additional, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Arnold, Benjamin F., additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, additional, Baig, Atif Amin, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Barac, Aleksandra, additional, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, additional, Bayati, Mohsen, additional, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., additional, Bibi, Sadia, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Bohlouli, Somayeh, additional, Bohluli, Mahdi, additional, Brady, Oliver J., additional, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, additional, Butt, Zahid A., additional, Carvalho, Felix, additional, Chatterjee, Souranshu, additional, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, additional, Chattu, Soosanna Kumary, additional, Cormier, Natalie Maria, additional, Dahlawi, Saad M. A., additional, Damiani, Giovanni, additional, Daoud, Farah, additional, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, additional, Diaz, Daniel, additional, Do, Hoa Thi, additional, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, additional, El Tantawi, Maha, additional, Elemineh, Demelash Abewa, additional, Faraj, Anwar, additional, Fasihi Harandi, Majid, additional, Fatahi, Yousef, additional, Feigin, Valery L., additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A., additional, Foroutan, Masoud, additional, Franklin, Richard Charles, additional, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, additional, Guido, Davide, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, additional, Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Hidru, Hagos Degefa de, additional, Higazi, Tarig B., additional, Hossain, Naznin, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Househ, Mowafa, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Ilic, Milena D., additional, Ilic, Irena M., additional, Iqbal, Usman, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Joukar, Farahnaz, additional, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kalankesh, Leila R., additional, Kalhor, Rohollah, additional, Karami Matin, Behzad, additional, Karimi, Salah Eddin, additional, Kasaeian, Amir, additional, Kavetskyy, Taras, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A., additional, Kazemi Karyani, Ali, additional, Kelbore, Abraham Getachew, additional, Keramati, Maryam, additional, Khalilov, Rovshan, additional, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, additional, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Nuruzzaman, additional, Khatab, Khaled, additional, Khater, Mona M., additional, Kianipour, Neda, additional, Kibret, Kelemu Tilahun, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Krohn, Kris J., additional, Kusuma, Dian, additional, La Vecchia, Carlo, additional, Lansingh, Van Charles, additional, Lee, Paul H., additional, LeGrand, Kate E., additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Longbottom, Joshua, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, additional, Maleki, Afshin, additional, Mamun, Abdullah A., additional, Manafi, Ali, additional, Manafi, Navid, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, Mazidi, Mohsen, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, additional, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, additional, Mereta, Seid Tiku, additional, Mestrovic, Tomislav, additional, Miller, Ted R., additional, Miri, Mohammad, additional, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, additional, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, additional, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Mohammed, Salahuddin, additional, Moradi, Masoud, additional, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, additional, Moraga, Paula, additional, Mosser, Jonathan F., additional, Naderi, Mehdi, additional, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, additional, Naik, Gurudatta, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, additional, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, additional, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, additional, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, additional, Oancea, Bogdan, additional, Olagunju, Tinuke O., additional, Olagunju, Andrew T., additional, Omar Bali, Ahmed, additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E., additional, Pana, Adrian, additional, Pourjafar, Hadi, additional, Rahim, Fakher, additional, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, additional, Rathi, Priya, additional, Rawaf, Salman, additional, Rawaf, David Laith, additional, Rawassizadeh, Reza, additional, Resnikoff, Serge, additional, Reta, Melese Abate, additional, Rezapour, Aziz, additional, Rubagotti, Enrico, additional, Rubino, Salvatore, additional, Sadeghi, Ehsan, additional, Saghafipour, Abedin, additional, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, additional, Samy, Abdallah M., additional, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, additional, Sawhney, Monika, additional, Schipp, Megan F., additional, Shaheen, Amira A., additional, Shaikh, Masood Ali, additional, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, additional, Sharafi, Kiomars, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar, additional, Shin, Jae Il, additional, Shivakumar, K. M., additional, Simonetti, Biagio, additional, Singh, Jasvinder A., additional, Skiadaresi, Eirini, additional, Soheili, Amin, additional, Soltani, Shahin, additional, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, additional, Sufiyan, Mu’awiyyah Babale, additional, Tabuchi, Takahiro, additional, Tapak, Leili, additional, Thompson, Robert L., additional, Thomson, Alan J., additional, Traini, Eugenio, additional, Tran, Bach Xuan, additional, Ullah, Irfan, additional, Ullah, Saif, additional, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, additional, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, additional, Uthman, Olalekan A., additional, Vinkeles Melchers, Natalie V. S., additional, Violante, Francesco S., additional, Wolde, Haileab Fekadu, additional, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, additional, Yamada, Tomohide, additional, Yaya, Sanni, additional, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, additional, Yip, Paul, additional, Yonemoto, Naohiro, additional, Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A., additional, Yu, Chuanhua, additional, Yu, Yong, additional, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, additional, Zaki, Leila, additional, Zaman, Sojib Bin, additional, Zamanian, Maryam, additional, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, additional, Zhang, Yunquan, additional, Ziapour, Arash, additional, Hay, Simon I., additional, and Pigott, David M., additional
Published: 2021
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9. Predicting the environmental suitability for onchocerciasis in Africa as an aid to elimination planning

Author: Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Osborne, Joshua C.P., Unnasch, Thomas R., Basáñez, Mariagloria, Gass, Katherine M., Barbre, Kira A., Hill, Elex, Johnson, Kimberly B., Donkers, Katie M., Shirude, Shreya, Schmidt, Chris A., Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Afarideh, Mohsen, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Beshir Ahmed, Muktar, Yihunie Akalu, Temesgen, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Alipour, Vahid, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Anvari, Davood, Yaw Appiah, Seth Christopher, Arabloo, Jalal, Arnold, Benjamin F., Ausloos, Marcel, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Amin Baig, Atif, Banach, Maciej, Barac, Aleksandra, Barnighausen, Till Winfried, Bayati, Mohsen, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bibi, Sadia, Bijani, Ali, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mahdi, Brady, Oliver J., Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Butt, Zahid A., Carvalho, Felix, Chatterjee, Souranshu, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chattu, Soosanna Kumary, Cormier, Natalie Maria, Dahlawi, Saad M.A., Damiani, Giovanni, Daoud, Farah, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Deribe, Kebede, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Do, Hoa Thi, El Sayed Zak, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, Elemineh, Demelash Abewa, Faraj, Anwar, Harandi, Majid Fasihi, Fatahi, Yousef, Feigin, Valery L., Fernandes, Eduarda, Foigt, Nataliya A., Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Mohialdeen Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim, Guido, Davide, Guo, Yuming, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib, Hamidi, Samer, Herteliu, Claudiu, De Hidru, Hagos Degefa, Higazi, Tarig B., Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Ilic, Irena M., Iqbal, Usman, Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Zubair, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Matin, Behzad Karami, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Kasaeian, Amir, Kavetskyy, Taras, Kayode, Gbenga A., Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kelbore, Abraham Getachew, Keramati, Maryam, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Nuruzzaman Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M., Kianipour, Neda, Kibret, Kelemu Tilahun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kosen, Soewarta, Krohn, Kris J., Kusuma, Dian, Vecchia, Carlo La, Lansingh Van, Charles, Lee, Paul H., Legrand, Kate E., Li, Shanshan, Longbottom, Joshua, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy, Maleki, Afshin, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manafi, Ali, Manafi, Navid, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Miri, Mohammad, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Hafshejani, Abdollah Mohammadian, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Salahuddin, Moradi, Masoud, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Mosser, Jonathan F., Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naik, Gurudatta, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Oancea, Bogdan, Olagunju, Tinuke O., Olagunju, Andrew T., Bali, Ahmed Omar, Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Pana, Adrian, Pourjafar, Hadi, Rahim, Fakher, Ur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Resnikoff, Serge, Reta, Melese Abate, Rezapour, Aziz, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rubino, Salvatore, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saghafipour, Abedin, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Samy, Abdallah M., Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sawhney, Monika, Schipp, Megan F., Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sheikh, Aziz, Kumar Shetty, B. Suresh, Shin, Jae Il, Shivakumar, K. M., Simonetti, Biagio, Singh, Jasvinder A., Skiadaresi, Eirini, Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sufiyan, Mu’Awiyyah Babale, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tapak, Leili, Thompson, Robert L., Thomson, Alan J., Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saif, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Uthman, Olalekan A., Melchers, Natalie V.S.Vinkeles, Violante, Francesco S., Wolde, Haileab Fekadu, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Yamada, Tomohide, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yousof, Hebat Allah Salah A., Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zaki, Leila, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamanian, Maryam, Zhang, Zhi Jiang, Zhang, Yunquan, Ziapour, Arash, Hay, Simon I., Pigott, David M., Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Osborne, Joshua C.P., Unnasch, Thomas R., Basáñez, Mariagloria, Gass, Katherine M., Barbre, Kira A., Hill, Elex, Johnson, Kimberly B., Donkers, Katie M., Shirude, Shreya, Schmidt, Chris A., Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Afarideh, Mohsen, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Beshir Ahmed, Muktar, Yihunie Akalu, Temesgen, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Alipour, Vahid, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Anvari, Davood, Yaw Appiah, Seth Christopher, Arabloo, Jalal, Arnold, Benjamin F., Ausloos, Marcel, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Amin Baig, Atif, Banach, Maciej, Barac, Aleksandra, Barnighausen, Till Winfried, Bayati, Mohsen, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bibi, Sadia, Bijani, Ali, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mahdi, Brady, Oliver J., Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Butt, Zahid A., Carvalho, Felix, Chatterjee, Souranshu, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chattu, Soosanna Kumary, Cormier, Natalie Maria, Dahlawi, Saad M.A., Damiani, Giovanni, Daoud, Farah, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Deribe, Kebede, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Do, Hoa Thi, El Sayed Zak, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, Elemineh, Demelash Abewa, Faraj, Anwar, Harandi, Majid Fasihi, Fatahi, Yousef, Feigin, Valery L., Fernandes, Eduarda, Foigt, Nataliya A., Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Mohialdeen Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim, Guido, Davide, Guo, Yuming, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib, Hamidi, Samer, Herteliu, Claudiu, De Hidru, Hagos Degefa, Higazi, Tarig B., Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Ilic, Irena M., Iqbal, Usman, Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Zubair, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Matin, Behzad Karami, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Kasaeian, Amir, Kavetskyy, Taras, Kayode, Gbenga A., Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kelbore, Abraham Getachew, Keramati, Maryam, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Nuruzzaman Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M., Kianipour, Neda, Kibret, Kelemu Tilahun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kosen, Soewarta, Krohn, Kris J., Kusuma, Dian, Vecchia, Carlo La, Lansingh Van, Charles, Lee, Paul H., Legrand, Kate E., Li, Shanshan, Longbottom, Joshua, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy, Maleki, Afshin, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manafi, Ali, Manafi, Navid, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Miri, Mohammad, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Hafshejani, Abdollah Mohammadian, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Salahuddin, Moradi, Masoud, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Mosser, Jonathan F., Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naik, Gurudatta, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Oancea, Bogdan, Olagunju, Tinuke O., Olagunju, Andrew T., Bali, Ahmed Omar, Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Pana, Adrian, Pourjafar, Hadi, Rahim, Fakher, Ur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Resnikoff, Serge, Reta, Melese Abate, Rezapour, Aziz, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rubino, Salvatore, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saghafipour, Abedin, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Samy, Abdallah M., Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sawhney, Monika, Schipp, Megan F., Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sheikh, Aziz, Kumar Shetty, B. Suresh, Shin, Jae Il, Shivakumar, K. M., Simonetti, Biagio, Singh, Jasvinder A., Skiadaresi, Eirini, Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sufiyan, Mu’Awiyyah Babale, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tapak, Leili, Thompson, Robert L., Thomson, Alan J., Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saif, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Uthman, Olalekan A., Melchers, Natalie V.S.Vinkeles, Violante, Francesco S., Wolde, Haileab Fekadu, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Yamada, Tomohide, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yousof, Hebat Allah Salah A., Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zaki, Leila, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamanian, Maryam, Zhang, Zhi Jiang, Zhang, Yunquan, Ziapour, Arash, Hay, Simon I., and Pigott, David M.
Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that, in some foci, elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa may be feasible with mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. To achieve continental elimination of transmission, mapping surveys will need to be conducted across all implementation units (IUs) for which endemicity status is currently unknown. Using boosted regression tree models with optimised hyperparameter selection, we estimated environmental suitability for onchocerciasis at the 5 × 5-km resolution across Africa. In order to classify IUs that include locations that are environmentally suitable, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify an optimal threshold for suitability concordant with locations where onchocerciasis has been previously detected. This threshold value was then used to classify IUs (more suitable or less suitable) based on the location within the IU with the largest mean prediction. Mean estimates of environmental suitability suggest large areas across West and Central Africa, as well as focal areas of East Africa, are suitable for onchocerciasis transmission, consistent with the presence of current control and elimination of transmission efforts. The ROC analysis identified a mean environmental suitability index of 0.71 as a threshold to classify based on the location with the largest mean prediction within the IU. Of the IUs considered for mapping surveys, 50.2% exceed this threshold for suitability in at least one 5×5-km location. The formidable scale of data collection required to map onchocerciasis endemicity across the African continent presents an opportunity to use spatial data to identify areas likely to be suitable for onchocerciasis transmission. National onchocerciasis elimination programmes may wish to consider prioritising these IUs for mapping surveys as human resources, laboratory capacity, and programmatic schedules may constrain survey implementation, and possibly delaying MDA initiation in areas that would
Published: 2021

10. Phytolacca dodecandra (Phytolaccaceae) Root Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities in Mice with CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Damage

Author: Meharie,Birhanu Geta, Tunta,Tewodros Agedew, Meharie,Birhanu Geta, and Tunta,Tewodros Agedew
Abstract: Birhanu Geta Meharie,1 Tewodros Agedew Tunta2 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Birhanu Geta Meharie Email birhanugeta@gmail.comBackground: The liver is a hub of metabolism and detoxification of substances. Since many redox reactions take place in the liver, it is prone to oxidative damage. Unlike conventional agents, botanicals act through several mechanisms in preventing oxidative damage. Among these Phytolacca dodecandra is the most commonly used agent in Ethiopian folk medicine.Objective: To evaluate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the 80% methanol extract of P. dodecandra root.Methods: Male mice were divided into six groups and treated accordingly. Negative control was given 2% Tween 80, toxicant control administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), positive control treated with silymarin 100 mg/kg, and test groups were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract. Then, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, albumin, total protein, and bilirubin were determined. Determination of the change in body weight and liver weight, histopathologic examination of the liver, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant assays were also carried out.Results: The levels of ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, and bilirubin were significantly reduced, while albumin and total protein were significantly increased after treatment with P. dodecandra root extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg in CCl4 intoxicated mice. Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis capabilities of the liver of mice were also returned to norm
Published: 2021

11. Evaluation of Diuretic Activity and Phytochemical Contents of Aqueous Extract of the Shoot Apex of Podocarpus falcactus

Author: Meharie,Birhanu Geta and Tunta,Tewodros Agedew
Subjects: Journal of Experimental Pharmacology
Abstract: Birhanu Geta Meharie,1 Tewodros Agedew Tunta2 1Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Amhara, Ethiopia; 2Department of Pharmacy, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, SNNPR, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Birhanu Geta MeharieDepartment of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Amhara, EthiopiaEmail birhanugeta@gmail.comBackground: In Ethiopian folk medicine Podocarpus falcactus is used to treat stomachache, cancer, diabetes, and difficulty of urination. However, its diuretic activity has not been proven scientifically.Objective: To determine the diuretic activity and phytochemical contents of the aqueous extract of the shoot apexes of Podocarpus falcactus.Methods: The coarse powder of Podocarpus falcactus shoot apex was extracted by cold maceration using distilled water. Male rats were treated with distilled water, the standard drug (furosemide 10 mg/kg), and three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the aqueous extract. The diuretic activity was determined by measuring parameters such as time to the first urination, volume, electrolyte concentration, and pH of urine. Electrolyte indices were calculated to elucidate the possible mechanism of diuresis. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemicals in the plant extract was carried out.Results: The aqueous extract induced diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis in a dose- and time-dependent manner as compared to the negative control. The extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses produced significant diuresis (p< 0.001) by the end of the fifth hour compared to the negative control. Excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride also significantly (p< 0.001) increased following extract administration. In addition, there was a significant change in the pH of urine samples of the extract-treated group compared with the negative control. Qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemicals revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins with the value of 128.4 mg atropine equivalents (AE)/g, 142.23 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g, 196.84 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, and 25.5 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g, respectively. The aqueous extract exhibited significant diuretic activity due to its phytochemical content, which could be used as a starting point for further studies.Conclusion: The aqueous extract showed significant diuretic activity and confirmed the folkloric use of Podocarpus falcactus.Keywords: alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, Podocarpus falcactus, rats, saluretic, tannins
Published: 2020

12. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of the Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

Author: Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Amare, Gedefaw Getnet, and Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche
Subjects: CCl4, antioxidant, mice, Clutia abyssinica, Journal of Experimental Pharmacology, hepatoprotective, Original Research
Abstract: Birhanu Geta Meharie, Gedefaw Getnet Amare, Yaschilal Muche Belayneh Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Birhanu Geta MeharieDepartment of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P.O.Box: 1145, Dessie, EthiopiaEmail birhanugeta@gmail.comBackground: Liver is a vital organ that plays a major role in the elimination of xenobiotics from the body. Diseases that affect the liver become major health problems and challenge health-care professionals as well as the pharmaceutical industry. Since the conventional treatment of liver diseases is associated with a wide range of adverse effects, botanical agents are commonly used. Among these agents, Clutia abyssinica is the most widely used herb in Ethiopian traditional medicine.Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the crude 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of Clutia abyssinica leaves in mice.Methods: The leaves of Clutia abyssinica were extracted by cold maceration using 80% methanol as a solvent, and the solvent fractions were obtained in liquid–liquid extraction with chloroform, n-butanol and distilled water. Male mice were treated with the vehicles (distilled water or 2% Tween 80), three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the crude 80% methanol extract and three solvent fractions, the standard drug (silymarin 100 mg/kg), and the hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Then, the levels of biomarkers of liver injury – such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) – and liver function such as total protein, albumin, and bilirubin were measured. Evaluation of the change in body weight and liver weight, histopathologic examination and in vitro antioxidant assay against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity were also carried out.Results: The 80% methanol extract decreased the absolute and relative weight of the liver of mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p< 0.01 and p< 0.001, respectively). It also suppressed the plasma levels of AST, ALT and ALP (p< 0.001) in the aforementioned doses. Among fractions, the n-butanol fraction showed maximum hepatoprotective activity in its dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p< 0.001, in all cases). Likewise, the chloroform fraction (400 mg/kg) reduced to a similar extent (p< 0.001 in all cases). In stark contrast, the aqueous fraction failed to affect the levels of all biomarkers of hepatocyte injury. The crude methanol extract and n-butanol fraction were able to return the normal hepatic architecture of hepatocytes and scavenge free radicals in the 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.Conclusion: Clutia abyssinica is endowed with hepatoprotective activity, probably mediated via its antioxidant activity. Thus, Clutia abyssinica can be taken as one candidate for the development of hepatoprotective agents because of its good safety profile.Keywords: antioxidant, CCl4, Clutia abyssinica, hepatoprotective, mice
Published: 2020

13. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017

Author: Soriano, Joan B., Kendrick, Parkes J., Paulson, Katherine R., Gupta, Vinay, Abrams, Elissa M., Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Advani, Shailesh M., Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadian, Elham, Alahdab, Fares, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antó, Josep M., Arabloo, Jalal, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Awoke, Nefsu, Badawi, Alaa, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berfield, Kathleen S.Sachiko, Bernstein, Robert S., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Brauer, Michael, Bukhman, Gene, Butt, Zahid A., Cámera, Luis Alberto, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Cohen, Aaron J., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Daryani, Ahmad, de Courten, Barbora, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Desai, Rupak, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Douiri, Abdel, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Eftekhari, Aziz, Elkout, Hajer, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Garcia-Gordillo, M. A., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F., Goudarzi, Houman, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Hoang, Chi Linh, Hole, Michael K., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, lIslam, Sheikh Mohammed Sharifu, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamal, Amr A., Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Knibbs, Luke D., Komaki, Hamidreza, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kumar, G. Anil, Lan, Qing, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, La Vecchia, Carlo, Le, Tham Thi, Leigh, James, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lopez, Alan D., Lotufo, Paulo A., Madotto, Fabiana, Mahotra, Narayan B., Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manafi, Navid, Manafi, Farzad, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Ghobad, Morawska, Lidia, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naderi, Mehdi, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naik, Gurudatta, Nair, Sanjeev, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nixon, Molly R., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R., Owolabi, Mayowa O., P. A., Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Pham, Hai Quang, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Poustchi, Hossein, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Reiner Jr., Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rudd, Kristina E., Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Safari, Saeed, Saleem, Komal, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Shirkoohi, Reza, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Jasvinder A., Soljak, Michael, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Toma Toma, Alemayehu, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ullah, Irfan, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., van Boven, Job F. M., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Veisani, Yousef, Violante, Francesco S., Wagner, Gregory R., Westerman, Ronny, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Zar, Heather J., Zhang, Yunquan, Vos, Theo, GBD Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators, Soriano, Joan B., Kendrick, Parkes J., Paulson, Katherine R., Gupta, Vinay, Abrams, Elissa M., Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Advani, Shailesh M., Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadian, Elham, Alahdab, Fares, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antó, Josep M., Arabloo, Jalal, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Awoke, Nefsu, Badawi, Alaa, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berfield, Kathleen S.Sachiko, Bernstein, Robert S., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Brauer, Michael, Bukhman, Gene, Butt, Zahid A., Cámera, Luis Alberto, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Cohen, Aaron J., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Daryani, Ahmad, de Courten, Barbora, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Desai, Rupak, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Douiri, Abdel, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Eftekhari, Aziz, Elkout, Hajer, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Garcia-Gordillo, M. A., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F., Goudarzi, Houman, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Hoang, Chi Linh, Hole, Michael K., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, lIslam, Sheikh Mohammed Sharifu, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamal, Amr A., Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Knibbs, Luke D., Komaki, Hamidreza, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kumar, G. Anil, Lan, Qing, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, La Vecchia, Carlo, Le, Tham Thi, Leigh, James, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lopez, Alan D., Lotufo, Paulo A., Madotto, Fabiana, Mahotra, Narayan B., Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manafi, Navid, Manafi, Farzad, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Ghobad, Morawska, Lidia, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naderi, Mehdi, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naik, Gurudatta, Nair, Sanjeev, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nixon, Molly R., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R., Owolabi, Mayowa O., P. A., Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Pham, Hai Quang, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Poustchi, Hossein, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Reiner Jr., Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rudd, Kristina E., Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Safari, Saeed, Saleem, Komal, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Shirkoohi, Reza, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Jasvinder A., Soljak, Michael, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Toma Toma, Alemayehu, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ullah, Irfan, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., van Boven, Job F. M., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Veisani, Yousef, Violante, Francesco S., Wagner, Gregory R., Westerman, Ronny, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Zar, Heather J., Zhang, Yunquan, Vos, Theo, and GBD Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators
Abstract: © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Previous attempts to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases have focused only on specific disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. In this study, we aimed to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases globally, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis on geographical and time trends from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we estimated the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality attributable to chronic respiratory diseases through an analysis of deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL) by GBD super-region, from 1990 to 2017, stratified by age and sex. Specific diseases analysed included asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and other chronic respiratory diseases. We also assessed the contribution of risk factors (smoking, second-hand smoke, ambient particulate matter and ozone pollution, household air pollution from solid fuels, and occupational risks) to chronic respiratory disease-attributable DALYs. Findings: In 2017, 544·9 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 506·9–584·8) worldwide had a chronic respiratory disease, representing an increase of 39·8% compared with 1990. Chronic respiratory disease prevalence showed wide variability across GBD super-regions, with the highest prevalence among both males and females in high-income regions, and the lowest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. The age-sex-specific prevalence of each chronic respiratory disease in 2017 was also highly variable geographically. Chronic respiratory diseases were the third leading cause of death in 2017 (7·0% [95% UI 6·8–7·2] of all deaths), behind cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Deaths due to chronic respirato
Published: 2020

14. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi, Mohammad, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Parisa, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abosetugn, Akine Eshete, Aboyans, Victor, Abrams, Elissa M., Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes, Abrigo, Michael R. M., Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Acebedo, Alyssa, Ackerman, Ilana N., Adabi, Maryam, Adair, Tim, Adamu, Abdu A., Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adelson, Jaimie D., Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E., Agarwal, Gina, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Agesa, Kareha M., Aghaali, Mohammad, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aji, Budi, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Albertson, Samuel B., Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alema, Niguse Meles, Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alhabib, Khalid F., Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi, Ali, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Almasri, Nihad A., Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Almulhim, Abdulaziz M., Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alumran, Arwa Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amare, Azmeraw T., Amare, Bekalu, Amini, Saeed, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amit, Arianna Maever L., Amugsi, Dickson A., Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Androudi, Sofia, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Arba, Aseb Arba Kinfe, Aremu, Olatunde, Ariani, Filippo, Aripov, Timur, Armoon, Bahram, Arnlov, Johan, Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi Olalekan, Aryal, Krishna K., Arzani, Afsaneh, Asaad, Malke, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari, Babak, Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Atre, Sachin R., Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Getie Lake, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Ayza, Muluken Altaye, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Azhar, Gulrez, Azzopardi, Peter S., Darshan, B. B., Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Bagli, Eleni, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Baig, Atif Amin, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Balachandran, Arun, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Balalla, Shivanthi, Balassyano, Shelly, Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Banik, Palash Chandra, Bannick, Marlena S., Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Bante, Simachew Animen, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Barnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Barthelemy, Celine M., Barua, Lingkan, Barzegar, Akbar, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Baye, Bayisa Abdissa, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Becker, Jacob S., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bejot, Yannick, Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bender, Rose G., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennitt, Fiona B., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benziger, Catherine P., Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E., Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Bertolacci, Gregory J., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bibi, Sadia, Biehl, Molly H., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisanzio, Donal, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bjorge, Tone, Bockarie, Moses John, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S., Borges, Guilherme, Borzi, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bose, Dipan, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J., Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Brayne, Carol, Breitborde, Nicholas J. 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Ashworth, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dolecek, Christiane, Dolgert, Andrew J., Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Chirag P., Doshi, Pratik P., Doshmangir, Leila, Douiri, Abdel, Doxey, Matthew C., Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Dunachie, Susanna J., Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Ehrlich, Joshua R., El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed, Iman, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elgendy, Islam Y., Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., Elsharkawy, Aisha, Elyazar, Iqbal R. F., Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Estep, Kara, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Fanzo, Jessica, Farag, Tamer, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Farioli, Andrea, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Faro, Andre, Faruque, Mithila, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Feldman, Rachel, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Fitzgerald, Ryan, Flohr, Carsten, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Force, Lisa M., Fornari, Carla, Foroutan, Masoud, Fox, Jack T., Francis, Joel Msafiri, Frank, Tahvi D., Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Marisa, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fukutaki, Kai, Fuller, John E., Fullman, Nancy, Furtado, Joao M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Galles, Natalie C., Gallus, Silvano, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gebremeskel, Leake G., Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Geremew, Abraham, Hayoon, Anna Gershberg, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Ginindza, Themba G., Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Giussani, Giorgia, Glagn, Mustefa, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Godinho, Myron Anthony, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, Gona, Philimon N., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goren, Emily, Gorini, Giuseppe, Gorman, Taren M., Gottlich, Harrison Chase, Goudarzi, Houman, Goudarzian, Amir Hossein, Goulart, Alessandra C., Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudi, Nachiket, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guimaraes, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gultie, Teklemariam, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Sharan, Subodh, Gupta, Tarun, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hachinski, Vladimir, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Hagins, Hailey, Haile, Lydia M., Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hamilton, Erin B., Hammer, Melanie S., Han, Chieh, Han, Hannah, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hanif, Asif, Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Harvey, James D., Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hashemian, Maryam, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassan, Amr, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Henny, Kiana, Henok, Andualem, Henrikson, Hannah J., Henry, Nathaniel J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Ho, Hung Chak, Hoek, Hans W., Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollingsworth, Bruce, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. 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F., Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Estep, Kara, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Fanzo, Jessica, Farag, Tamer, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Farioli, Andrea, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Faro, Andre, Faruque, Mithila, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Feldman, Rachel, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Fitzgerald, Ryan, Flohr, Carsten, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Force, Lisa M., Fornari, Carla, Foroutan, Masoud, Fox, Jack T., Francis, Joel Msafiri, Frank, Tahvi D., Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Marisa, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fukutaki, Kai, Fuller, John E., Fullman, Nancy, Furtado, Joao M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Galles, Natalie C., Gallus, Silvano, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gebremeskel, Leake G., Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Geremew, Abraham, Hayoon, Anna Gershberg, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Ginindza, Themba G., Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Giussani, Giorgia, Glagn, Mustefa, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Godinho, Myron Anthony, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, Gona, Philimon N., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goren, Emily, Gorini, Giuseppe, Gorman, Taren M., Gottlich, Harrison Chase, Goudarzi, Houman, Goudarzian, Amir Hossein, Goulart, Alessandra C., Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudi, Nachiket, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guimaraes, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gultie, Teklemariam, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Sharan, Subodh, Gupta, Tarun, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hachinski, Vladimir, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Hagins, Hailey, Haile, Lydia M., Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hamilton, Erin B., Hammer, Melanie S., Han, Chieh, Han, Hannah, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hanif, Asif, Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Harvey, James D., Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hashemian, Maryam, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassan, Amr, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Henny, Kiana, Henok, Andualem, Henrikson, Hannah J., Henry, Nathaniel J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Ho, Hung Chak, Hoek, Hans W., Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollingsworth, Bruce, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-Rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Hugo, Fernando N., Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Rabia, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibeneme, Charles Ugochukwu, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, MdMohaimenul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C. 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Q., Kohler, Stefan, Kolola, Tufa, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A., Korotkova, Anna V., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotlo, Anirudh, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Kravchenko, Michael A., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Shaji, K. S., Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulkarni, Vaman, Kumar, G. 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N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mengesha, Meresa Berwo, Mensah, George A., Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Milne, George J., Mini, G. K., Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitchell, Philip B., Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamad, Osama, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad, Yousef, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Bandpei, Mohammad A. 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H., Pasovic, Maja, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Jenil R., Patel, Sangram Kishor, Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J., Pathak, Ashish, Pathak, Mona, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paudel, Sagun, Paulson, Katherine R., Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki, Pease, Spencer A., Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M., Pereira, Jeevan, Perico, Norberto, Pescarini, Julia Moreira, Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pierce, Maxwell, Pigott, David M., Pilgrim, Thomas, Pilz, Tessa M., Pinheiro, Marina, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Polibin, Roman V., Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J., Pottoo, Faheem Hyder, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza, Pourshams, Akram, Poznanska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I., Prakash, Sanjay, Prakash, V., Prasad, Narayan, Preotescu, Liliana, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rakovac, Ivo, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranta, Annemarei, Rao, Puja C., Rao, Sowmya J., Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawat, Ramu, Razo, Christian, Boston, Sofia, Regassa, Lemma Demissie, Reiner, Robert C., Jr., Reinig, Nickolas, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rhinehart, Phoebe-Anne, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rickard, Jennifer, Rivera, Juan A., Robalik, Toshana, Roberts, Nicholas L. S., Roberts, Shaun, Robinson, Stephen R., Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Rolfe, Sam, Romoli, Michele, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rumisha, Susan Fred, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad, Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi, Reza, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Saeidi, Shahram, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S., Salamati, Payman, Zahabi, Saleh Salehi, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa R., Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salman, Omar Mukhtar, Salomon, Joshua A., Salz, Inbal, Samad, Zainab, Kafil, Hossein Samadi, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Savic, Miloje, Sawyer, Susan M., Saxena, Deepak, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete, Sbarra, Alyssa N., Schaeffer, Lauren E., Schiavolin, Silvia, Schlaich, Markus P., Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Serre, Marc L., Servan-Mori, Edson, Sha, Feng, Shabani, Mahsima, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shadid, Jamileh, Shafaat, Omid, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S., Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H., Sheena, Brittney S., Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar, Shetty, Ranjitha S., Shibuya, Kenji, Shield, Kevin David, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, Shigematsu, Mika, Il Shin, Jae, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K. M., Shrime, Mark G., Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sierpinski, Radoslaw, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Joao Pedro, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E., Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Pushpendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skou, Soren T., Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Amanda, Smith, Emma U. R., Sobngwi, Eugene, Soheili, Amin, Sokhan, Anton, Soltani, Shahin, Somefun, Oluwaseyi Dolapo, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J. 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M., Zlavog, Bianca S., Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S., and Murray, Christopher J. L.
Abstract: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the post
Published: 2020
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15. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Lozano, Rafael, Fullman, Nancy, Mumford, John Everett, Knight, Megan, Barthelemy, Celine M., Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abedi, Aidin, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abosetugn, Akine Eshete, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Adabi, Maryam, Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adekanmbi, Victor, Adelson, Jaimie, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Albertson, Samuel B., Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi, Ali, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Almasri, Nihad A., Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Almulhim, Abdulaziz M., Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amini, Saeed, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amit, Arianna Maever L., Amugsi, Dickson A., Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Asaad, Malke, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Ashbaugh, Charlie, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh d.Wahbi, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Aynalem, Getie Lake, Ayza, Muluken Altaye, Azari, Samad, Azzopardi, Peter S., B, Darshan B., Babaee, Ebrahim, Badiye, Ashish D., Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Baig, Atif Amin, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Balachandran, Arun, Balassyano, Shelly, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Banik, Palash Chandra, Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Bante, Simachew Animen, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Baye, Bayisa Abdissa, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye, Bell, Michelle L., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berman, Adam E., Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bockarie, Moses John, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, Boloor, Archith, Brady, Oliver J., Braithwaite, Dejana, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briggs, Andrew M., Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Angela Y., Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Chin, Ken Lee, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh Toi, Chung, Michael T., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Comfort, Haley, Compton, Kelly, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Dahlawi, Saad M.A., Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Darega Gela, Jiregna, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davey, Gail, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davletov, Kairat, De Neve, Jan Walter, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Desai, Rupak, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dippenaar, Ilse N., Do, Hoa Thi, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Edvardsson, David, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elgendy, Islam Y., Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esteghamati, Alireza, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Farag, Tamer, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Farinha, Carla Sofia e.Sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Faro, Andre, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Pietro, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Foroutan, Masoud, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Furtado, João M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gaidhane, Abhay 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Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassan, Amr, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hird, Thomas R., Ho, Hung Chak, Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollingsworth, Bruce, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsieh, Vivian Chia rong, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Hwang, Bing Fang, Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Jaafari, Jalil, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jia, Peng, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Aruna M., Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karanikolos, Marina, Karimi, Seyed M., Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young Ho, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir M., Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Young Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Kneib, Cameron J., Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kohler, Stefan, Kopec, Jacek A., Korotkova, Anna V., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotlo, Anirudh, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulkarni, Vaman, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Nithin, Kumar, Manasi, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Landires, Iván, Lansingh, Van Charles, Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Kathryn Mei Ming, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Ledesma, Jorge R., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T., LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Stephen S., Lim, Lee Ling, Liu, Xuefeng, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lu, Alton, Ma, Jianing, Madadin, Mohammed, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N., Maleki, Shokofeh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I., Mathur, Manu Raj, McAlinden, Colm, McKee, Martin, Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mekonnen, Teferi, Melese, Addisu, Memiah, Peter T.N., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Tuomo J., Meretoja, Atte, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Mitchell, Philip B., Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Muriithi, Moses K., Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nayak, Vinod C., Nazari, Javad, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Ngari, Kiirithio N., Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Diep Ngoc, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F., Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, Otoiu, Adrian, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Oh, In Hwan, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Muktar Omer, Ong, Kanyin L., Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V.V., Ortiz, Alberto, Ostojic, Sergej M., Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakhale, Smita, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha, Pathak, Mona, Patton, George C., Paudel, Sagun, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A., Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, Jeevan, Pigott, David M., Pilgrim, Thomas, Pilz, Tessa M., Pinheiro, Marina, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourmirza Kalhori, Reza, Pourshams, Akram, Prada, Sergio I., Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J., Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razo, Christian, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Reshmi, Bhageerathy, Rezaei, Nima, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Rickard, Jennifer, Roberts, Nicholas L.S., Roever, Leonardo, Romoli, Michele, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Safari, Yahya, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salem, Marwa R.Rashad, Salem, Hosni, Salomon, Joshua, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Savic, Miloje, Sawyer, Susan M., Saxena, Deepak, Sbarra, Alyssa N., Schaeffer, Lauren E., Schiavolin, Silvia, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sha, Feng, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharara, Fablina, Sharifi, Hamid, Shaw, David H., Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K. M., Shrime, Mark G., Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sierpinski, Radoslaw, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Pushpendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Smith, Emma U.R., Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Soriano, Joan B., Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Caroline, Stokes, Mark A., Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Sultan, Iyad, Szumowski, Łukasz, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu, Tadesse, Degena Bahrey, Taherkhani, Amir, Tamiru, Animut Tagele, Tanser, Frank C., Tareque, Md Ismail, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Teagle, Whitney L., Tediosi, Fabrizio, Tefera, Yonas Getaye Getaye, Tela, Freweini Gebrearegay, 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A., Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zaidi, Syed Saoud, Zaki, Leila, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhao, Xiu Ju George, Zhao, Yingxi, Zheng, Peng, Zhu, Cong, Ziapour, Arash, Zlavog, Bianca S., Zodpey, Sanjay, Murray, Christopher J.L., Lozano, Rafael, Fullman, Nancy, Mumford, John Everett, Knight, Megan, Barthelemy, Celine M., Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abedi, Aidin, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abosetugn, Akine Eshete, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Adabi, Maryam, Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adekanmbi, Victor, Adelson, Jaimie, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, 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Akshaya Srikanth, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bockarie, Moses John, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, Boloor, Archith, Brady, Oliver J., Braithwaite, Dejana, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briggs, Andrew M., Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Angela Y., Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Chin, Ken Lee, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh Toi, Chung, Michael T., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Comfort, Haley, Compton, Kelly, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Dahlawi, Saad M.A., Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Darega Gela, Jiregna, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davey, Gail, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davletov, Kairat, De Neve, Jan Walter, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Desai, Rupak, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dippenaar, Ilse N., Do, Hoa Thi, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Edvardsson, David, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elgendy, Islam Y., Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esteghamati, Alireza, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Farag, Tamer, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Farinha, Carla Sofia e.Sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Faro, Andre, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Pietro, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Foroutan, Masoud, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Furtado, João M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Galles, Natalie C., Gallus, Silvano, Gardner, William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremeskel, Leake G., Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K., Ginindza, Themba G., Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Giussani, Giorgia, Glagn, Mustefa, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Godinho, Myron Anthony, Goharinezhad, Salime, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goudarzian, Amir Hossein, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gultie, Teklemariam, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Rahul, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Han, Chieh, Han, Hannah, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hanif, Asif, Hankey, Graeme J., Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassan, Amr, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hird, Thomas R., Ho, Hung Chak, Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollingsworth, Bruce, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsieh, Vivian Chia rong, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Hwang, Bing Fang, Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Jaafari, Jalil, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jia, Peng, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Aruna M., Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karanikolos, Marina, Karimi, Seyed M., Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young Ho, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir M., Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Young Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Kneib, Cameron J., Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kohler, Stefan, Kopec, Jacek A., Korotkova, Anna V., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotlo, Anirudh, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulkarni, Vaman, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Nithin, Kumar, Manasi, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Landires, Iván, Lansingh, Van Charles, Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Kathryn Mei Ming, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Ledesma, Jorge R., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T., LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Stephen S., Lim, Lee Ling, Liu, Xuefeng, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lu, Alton, Ma, Jianing, Madadin, Mohammed, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N., Maleki, Shokofeh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I., Mathur, Manu Raj, McAlinden, Colm, McKee, Martin, Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mekonnen, Teferi, Melese, Addisu, Memiah, Peter T.N., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Tuomo J., Meretoja, Atte, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Mitchell, Philip B., Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Muriithi, Moses K., Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nayak, Vinod C., Nazari, Javad, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Ngari, Kiirithio N., Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Diep Ngoc, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F., Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, Otoiu, Adrian, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Oh, In Hwan, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Muktar Omer, Ong, Kanyin L., Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V.V., Ortiz, Alberto, Ostojic, Sergej M., Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakhale, Smita, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha, Pathak, Mona, Patton, George C., Paudel, Sagun, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A., Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, Jeevan, Pigott, David M., Pilgrim, Thomas, Pilz, Tessa M., Pinheiro, Marina, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourmirza Kalhori, Reza, Pourshams, Akram, Prada, Sergio I., Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J., Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razo, Christian, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Reshmi, Bhageerathy, Rezaei, Nima, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Rickard, Jennifer, Roberts, Nicholas L.S., Roever, Leonardo, Romoli, Michele, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Safari, Yahya, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salem, Marwa R.Rashad, Salem, Hosni, Salomon, Joshua, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Savic, Miloje, Sawyer, Susan M., Saxena, Deepak, Sbarra, Alyssa N., Schaeffer, Lauren E., Schiavolin, Silvia, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sha, Feng, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharara, Fablina, Sharifi, Hamid, Shaw, David H., Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K. M., Shrime, Mark G., Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sierpinski, Radoslaw, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Pushpendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Smith, Emma U.R., Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Soriano, Joan B., Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Caroline, Stokes, Mark A., Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Sultan, Iyad, Szumowski, Łukasz, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu, Tadesse, Degena Bahrey, Taherkhani, Amir, Tamiru, Animut Tagele, Tanser, Frank C., Tareque, Md Ismail, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Teagle, Whitney L., Tediosi, Fabrizio, Tefera, Yonas Getaye Getaye, Tela, Freweini Gebrearegay, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thakur, Bhaskar, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Troeger, Christopher E., Tudor Car, Lorainne, Uddin, Riaz, Ullah, Irfan, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Uthman, Olalekan A., Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasseghian, Yasser, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vongpradith, Avina, Vos, Theo, Waheed, Yasir, Walters, Magdalene K., Wamai, Richard G., Wang, Haidong, Wang, Yuan Pang, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Jordan, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Wilner, Lauren B., Woldu, Gebremariam, Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wu, Ai Min, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Xie, Yang, Xu, Rixing, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yearwood, Jamal A., Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zaidi, Syed Saoud, Zaki, Leila, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhao, Xiu Ju George, Zhao, Yingxi, Zheng, Peng, Zhu, Cong, Ziapour, Arash, Zlavog, Bianca S., Zodpey, Sanjay, and Murray, Christopher J.L.
Abstract: Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UH
Published: 2020

16. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Soriano, Joan B., Kendrick, Parkes J., Paulson, Katherine R., Gupta, Vinay, Abrams, Elissa M., Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Advani, Shailesh M., Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadian, Elham, Alahdab, Fares, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antó, Josep M., Arabloo, Jalal, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Awoke, Nefsu, Badawi, Alaa, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berfield, Kathleen S.Sachiko, Bernstein, Robert S., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Brauer, Michael, Bukhman, Gene, Butt, Zahid A., Cámera, Luis Alberto, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Choi, Jee Young Jasmine, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Cohen, Aaron J., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Daryani, Ahmad, de Courten, Barbora, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, De Neve, Jan Walter, Desai, Rupak, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Douiri, Abdel, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Eftekhari, Aziz, Elkout, Hajer, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Garcia-Gordillo, M. A., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F., Goudarzi, Houman, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Hoang, Chi Linh, Hole, Michael K., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamal, Amr A., Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Young Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Knibbs, Luke D., Komaki, Hamidreza, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kumar, G. Anil, Lan, Qing, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, La Vecchia, Carlo, Le, Tham Thi, Leigh, James, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lopez, Alan D., Lotufo, Paulo A., Madotto, Fabiana, Mahotra, Narayan B., Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manafi, Navid, Manafi, Farzad, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Ghobad, Morawska, Lidia, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naderi, Mehdi, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naik, Gurudatta, Nair, Sanjeev, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nixon, Molly R., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R., Owolabi, Mayowa O., Mahesh, M., Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun Kee, Pham, Hai Quang, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Poustchi, Hossein, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rudd, Kristina E., Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Safari, Saeed, Saleem, Komal, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Shirkoohi, Reza, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Jasvinder A., Soljak, Michael, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Temsah, Mohamad Hani, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Toma, Alemayehu Toma, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ullah, Irfan, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., van Boven, Job F.M., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Veisani, Yousef, Violante, Francesco S., Wagner, Gregory R., Westerman, Ronny, Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok Jun, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Zar, Heather J., Zhang, Yunquan, Vos, Theo, Soriano, Joan B., Kendrick, Parkes J., Paulson, Katherine R., Gupta, Vinay, Abrams, Elissa M., Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Advani, Shailesh M., Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadian, Elham, Alahdab, Fares, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antó, Josep M., Arabloo, Jalal, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Awoke, Nefsu, Badawi, Alaa, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berfield, Kathleen S.Sachiko, Bernstein, Robert S., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Brauer, Michael, Bukhman, Gene, Butt, Zahid A., Cámera, Luis Alberto, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Choi, Jee Young Jasmine, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Cohen, Aaron J., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Daryani, Ahmad, de Courten, Barbora, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, De Neve, Jan Walter, Desai, Rupak, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Douiri, Abdel, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Eftekhari, Aziz, Elkout, Hajer, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Garcia-Gordillo, M. A., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F., Goudarzi, Houman, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Hoang, Chi Linh, Hole, Michael K., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamal, Amr A., Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Young Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Knibbs, Luke D., Komaki, Hamidreza, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kumar, G. Anil, Lan, Qing, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, La Vecchia, Carlo, Le, Tham Thi, Leigh, James, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lopez, Alan D., Lotufo, Paulo A., Madotto, Fabiana, Mahotra, Narayan B., Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manafi, Navid, Manafi, Farzad, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Ghobad, Morawska, Lidia, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naderi, Mehdi, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naik, Gurudatta, Nair, Sanjeev, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nixon, Molly R., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R., Owolabi, Mayowa O., Mahesh, M., Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun Kee, Pham, Hai Quang, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Poustchi, Hossein, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rudd, Kristina E., Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Safari, Saeed, Saleem, Komal, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Shirkoohi, Reza, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Jasvinder A., Soljak, Michael, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Temsah, Mohamad Hani, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Toma, Alemayehu Toma, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ullah, Irfan, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., van Boven, Job F.M., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Veisani, Yousef, Violante, Francesco S., Wagner, Gregory R., Westerman, Ronny, Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok Jun, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Zar, Heather J., Zhang, Yunquan, and Vos, Theo
Abstract: Background: Previous attempts to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases have focused only on specific disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. In this study, we aimed to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases globally, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis on geographical and time trends from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we estimated the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality attributable to chronic respiratory diseases through an analysis of deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL) by GBD super-region, from 1990 to 2017, stratified by age and sex. Specific diseases analysed included asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and other chronic respiratory diseases. We also assessed the contribution of risk factors (smoking, second-hand smoke, ambient particulate matter and ozone pollution, household air pollution from solid fuels, and occupational risks) to chronic respiratory disease-attributable DALYs. Findings: In 2017, 544·9 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 506·9–584·8) worldwide had a chronic respiratory disease, representing an increase of 39·8% compared with 1990. Chronic respiratory disease prevalence showed wide variability across GBD super-regions, with the highest prevalence among both males and females in high-income regions, and the lowest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. The age-sex-specific prevalence of each chronic respiratory disease in 2017 was also highly variable geographically. Chronic respiratory diseases were the third leading cause of death in 2017 (7·0% [95% UI 6·8–7·2] of all deaths), behind cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Deaths due to chronic respiratory diseases numbered 3 914 196 (95% UI 3 790 578–4 044 819) in 2017, an increase of 18·0% since 1990, whi
Published: 2020

17. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Lozano, R, Fullman, N, Mumford, J, Knight, M, Barthelemy, C, Abbafati, C, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu Haimed, A, Abushouk, A, Adabi, M, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Adelson, J, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Aghamir, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Akinyemi, R, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Albertson, S, Alemu, Y, Alhassan, R, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Almadi, M, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almulhim, A, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, C, Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aravkin, A, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Ashbaugh, C, Athari, S, Atout, M, 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Abstract: Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC e
Published: 2020

18. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of the Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

Author: Meharie,Birhanu Geta, Amare,Gedefaw Getnet, Belayneh,Yaschilal Muche, Meharie,Birhanu Geta, Amare,Gedefaw Getnet, and Belayneh,Yaschilal Muche
Abstract: Birhanu Geta Meharie, Gedefaw Getnet Amare, Yaschilal Muche Belayneh Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Birhanu Geta MeharieDepartment of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P.O.Box: 1145, Dessie, EthiopiaEmail birhanugeta@gmail.comBackground: Liver is a vital organ that plays a major role in the elimination of xenobiotics from the body. Diseases that affect the liver become major health problems and challenge health-care professionals as well as the pharmaceutical industry. Since the conventional treatment of liver diseases is associated with a wide range of adverse effects, botanical agents are commonly used. Among these agents, Clutia abyssinica is the most widely used herb in Ethiopian traditional medicine.Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the crude 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of Clutia abyssinica leaves in mice.Methods: The leaves of Clutia abyssinica were extracted by cold maceration using 80% methanol as a solvent, and the solvent fractions were obtained in liquid–liquid extraction with chloroform, n-butanol and distilled water. Male mice were treated with the vehicles (distilled water or 2% Tween 80), three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the crude 80% methanol extract and three solvent fractions, the standard drug (silymarin 100 mg/kg), and the hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Then, the levels of biomarkers of liver injury – such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) – and liver function such as total protein, albumin, and bilirubin were measured. Evaluation of the change in body weight and liver weight, histopathologic examination and in vitro antioxidant assay against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity were also carried out.Results: The 80% methanol extract decreased the absolute and relative weight of the
Published: 2020

19. Updates on the molecular mechanisms of aspirin in the prevention of colorectal cancer: Review

Author: Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, primary, Amare, Gedefew Getnet, additional, and Meharie, Birhanu Geta, additional
Published: 2021
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20. A drug repositioning success: The repositioned therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action of thalidomide

Author: Amare, Gedefaw Getnet, primary, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, additional, and Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, additional
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of the Leaf Latex ofAloe pulcherrimaGilbert and Sebsebe (Aloaceae)

Author: Amare, Gedefaw Getnet, primary, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, additional, and Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, additional
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Albertson, Samuel B, additional, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, additional, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Ali, Saqib, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Alla, François, additional, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, additional, Almasi, Ali, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Almasri, Nihad A, additional, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, additional, Almulhim, Abdulaziz M, additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid A, additional, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, additional, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, additional, Amini, Saeed, additional, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, additional, Amiri, Fatemeh, additional, Amit, Arianna Maever L, additional, Amugsi, Dickson A, additional, Ancuceanu, Robert, additional, Anderlini, Deanna, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Androudi, Sofia, additional, Ansari, Fereshteh, additional, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Antony, Catherine M, additional, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, additional, Anvari, Davood, additional, Anwer, Razique, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, additional, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, additional, Aremu, Olatunde, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Asaad, Malke, additional, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, additional, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, additional, Ashbaugh, Charlie, additional, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, additional, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayano, Getinet, additional, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, additional, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, additional, Aynalem, Getie Lake, additional, Ayza, Muluken Altaye, additional, Azari, Samad, additional, Azzopardi, Peter S, additional, B, Darshan B, additional, Babaee, Ebrahim, additional, Badiye, Ashish D, additional, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, 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Bhardwaj, Pankaj, additional, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, additional, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, additional, Bhattarai, Suraj, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Bilano, Ver, additional, Biondi, Antonio, additional, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, additional, Bockarie, Moses John, additional, Bohlouli, Somayeh, additional, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, additional, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, additional, Boloor, Archith, additional, Brady, Oliver J, additional, Braithwaite, Dejana, additional, Briant, Paul Svitil, additional, Briggs, Andrew M, additional, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, additional, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, additional, Busse, Reinhard, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, additional, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, additional, Cámera, Luis Alberto, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carreras, Giulia, additional, Carrero, Juan J, additional, Carvalho, Felix, additional, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao 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Mohammad, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Dash, Aditya Prasad, additional, Davey, Gail, additional, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, additional, Davletov, Kairat, additional, De Neve, Jan-Walter, additional, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Dervenis, Nikolaos, additional, Desai, Rupak, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, additional, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, additional, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, additional, Dias da Silva, Diana, additional, Diaz, Daniel, additional, Dippenaar, Ilse N, additional, Do, Hoa Thi, additional, Dorostkar, Fariba, additional, Doshmangir, Leila, additional, Duncan, Bruce B, additional, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, additional, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, El Sayed, Iman, additional, El Tantawi, Maha, additional, Elgendy, Islam Y, additional, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, additional, Eskandari, Khalil, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, additional, Farag, Tamer, additional, Farahmand, Mohammad, additional, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, additional, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, additional, Farioli, Andrea, additional, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Ferrara, Pietro, additional, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Fisher, James L, additional, Flor, Luisa Sorio, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, additional, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, additional, Foroutan, Masoud, additional, Francis, Joel Msafiri, additional, Fu, Weijia, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Gad, Mohamed M, additional, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Galles, Natalie C, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gardner, William M, additional, 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additional, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Hafiz, Abdul, additional, Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hameed, Sajid, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Han, Chieh, additional, Han, Hannah, additional, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, additional, Hanif, Asif, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, additional, Hasan, Md Mehedi, additional, Hashi, Abdiwahab, additional, Hassan, Shoaib, additional, Hassan, Amr, additional, Hassanipour, Soheil, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Hayat, Khezar, additional, Heidari, Golnaz, additional, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Hird, Thomas R, additional, Ho, Hung Chak, additional, Hole, Michael K, additional, Holla, Ramesh, additional, Hollingsworth, Bruce, additional, Hoogar, Praveen, 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Jafarinia, Morteza, additional, Jahagirdar, Deepa, additional, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, additional, Jahanmehr, Nader, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, additional, Janjani, Hosna, additional, Javaheri, Tahereh, additional, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, additional, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Ji, John S, additional, Jia, Peng, additional, John-Akinola, Yetunde O, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Joukar, Farahnaz, additional, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kalankesh, Leila R, additional, Kalhor, Rohollah, additional, Kamath, Aruna M, additional, Kanchan, Tanuj, additional, Kapoor, Neeti, additional, Karami Matin, Behzad, additional, Karanikolos, Marina, additional, Karimi, Seyed M, additional, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A, additional, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, additional, Khader, Yousef Saleh, additional, 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G Anil, additional, Kumar, Nithin, additional, Kumar, Manasi, additional, Kurmi, Om P, additional, Kusuma, Dian, additional, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, additional, La Vecchia, Carlo, additional, Lacey, Ben, additional, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Landires, Iván, additional, Lansingh, Van Charles, additional, Larsson, Anders O, additional, Lasrado, Savita, additional, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, additional, Lauriola, Paolo, additional, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, additional, Ledesma, Jorge R, additional, Lee, Paul H, additional, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, additional, Leever, Andrew T, additional, LeGrand, Kate E, additional, Leigh, James, additional, Leonardi, Matilde, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Lim, Stephen S, additional, Lim, Lee-Ling, additional, Liu, Xuefeng, additional, Logroscino, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Lopukhov, Platon D, additional, Lotufo, Paulo A, additional, Lu, Alton, additional, Ma, Jianing, additional, Madadin, Mohammed, additional, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, additional, Mahmoudi, Morteza, additional, Majeed, Azeem, additional, Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N, additional, Maleki, Shokofeh, additional, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, additional, Mansouri, Borhan, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Martini, Santi, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, Martopullo, Ira, additional, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, additional, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I, additional, Mathur, Manu Raj, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo, additional, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, additional, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, additional, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, additional, Mehri, Fereshteh, additional, Mehrotra, Ravi, additional, Mekonnen, Teferi, additional, Melese, Addisu, additional, Memiah, Peter T N, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Menezes, Ritesh G, additional, Mensah, George A, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Mestrovic, Tomislav, additional, Miazgowski, Bartosz, additional, Michalek, Irmina Maria, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Mirzaei, Maryam, additional, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, additional, Mitchell, Philip B, additional, Moazen, Babak, additional, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, additional, Mohamadi, Efat, additional, Mohammad, Yousef, additional, Mohammad, Dara K, additional, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, additional, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Mondello, Stefania, additional, Moradi, Masoud, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, additional, Moraga, Paula, additional, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, additional, Morrison, Shane Douglas, additional, Mosapour, Abbas, additional, Mosser, Jonathan F, additional, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, additional, Muriithi, Moses K, additional, Mustafa, Ghulam, additional, Nabhan, Ashraf F, additional, Naderi, Mehdi, additional, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, additional, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, additional, Nayak, Vinod C, additional, Nazari, Javad, additional, Ndejjo, Rawlance, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, additional, Neupane, Subas, additional, Ngari, Kiirithio N, additional, Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, additional, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, additional, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, additional, Nguyen, Diep Ngoc, additional, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, additional, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, additional, Nomura, Shuhei, additional, Norheim, Ole F, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, additional, Nowak, Christoph, additional, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, additional, Otoiu, Adrian, additional, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, additional, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, additional, Oh, In-Hwan, additional, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, additional, Oladnabi, Morteza, additional, Olagunju, Andrew T, additional, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, additional, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, additional, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, additional, Omar Bali, Ahmed, additional, Omer, Muktar Omer, additional, Ong, Kanyin L, additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, additional, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V V, additional, Ortiz, Alberto, additional, Ostojic, Sergej M, additional, Otstavnov, Nikita, additional, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, additional, Øverland, Simon, additional, Owolabi, Mayowa O, additional, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao., additional, Pakhale, Smita, additional, Palladino, Raffaele, additional, Pana, Adrian, additional, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, additional, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha, additional, Pathak, Mona, additional, Patton, George C, additional, Paudel, Sagun, additional, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, additional, Pease, Spencer A, additional, Peden, Amy E, additional, Pennini, Alyssa, additional, Peprah, Emmanuel K, additional, Pereira, Jeevan, additional, Pigott, David M, additional, Pilgrim, Thomas, additional, Pilz, Tessa M, additional, Pinheiro, Marina, additional, Piradov, Michael A, additional, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, additional, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, additional, Postma, Maarten J, additional, Pourjafar, Hadi, additional, Pourmalek, Farshad, additional, Pourmirza Kalhori, Reza, additional, Pourshams, Akram, additional, Prada, Sergio I, additional, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, additional, Pupillo, Elisabetta, additional, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, additional, Radfar, Amir, additional, Rafiee, Ata, additional, Rafiei, Alireza, additional, Raggi, Alberto, additional, Rahim, Fakher, additional, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, additional, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, additional, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, additional, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, additional, Rao, Sowmya J, additional, Rasella, Davide, additional, Rashedi, Vahid, additional, Rath, Goura Kishor, additional, Rathi, Priya, additional, Rawaf, Salman, additional, Rawaf, David Laith, additional, Rawal, Lal, additional, Rawassizadeh, Reza, additional, Razo, Christian, additional, Renjith, Vishnu, additional, Renzaho, Andre M N, additional, Reshmi, Bhageerathy, additional, Rezaei, Nima, additional, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, additional, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, additional, Rickard, Jennifer, additional, Roberts, Nicholas L S, additional, Roever, Leonardo, additional, Romoli, Michele, additional, Ronfani, Luca, additional, Roshandel, Gholamreza, additional, Rubagotti, Enrico, additional, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, additional, Sabour, Siamak, additional, Sachdev, Perminder S, additional, Saddik, Basema, additional, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, additional, Sadeghi, Ehsan, additional, Safari, Yahya, additional, Sagar, Rajesh, additional, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, additional, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, additional, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, additional, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, additional, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, additional, Salem, Hosni, additional, Salomon, Joshua, additional, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, additional, Samy, Abdallah M, additional, Sanabria, Juan, additional, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, additional, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, additional, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, additional, Sartorius, Benn, additional, Sarveazad, Arash, additional, Sathian, Brijesh, additional, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, additional, Sattin, Davide, additional, Savic, Miloje, additional, Sawyer, Susan M, additional, Saxena, Deepak, additional, Sbarra, Alyssa N, additional, Schaeffer, Lauren E, additional, Schiavolin, Silvia, additional, Schmidt, Maria Inês, additional, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, additional, Schwebel, David C, additional, Schwendicke, Falk, additional, Seedat, Soraya, additional, Sha, Feng, additional, Shahabi, Saeed, additional, Shaheen, Amira A, additional, Shaikh, Masood Ali, additional, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, additional, Shannawaz, Mohammed, additional, Sharafi, Kiomars, additional, Sharara, Fablina, additional, Sharifi, Hamid, additional, Shaw, David H, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, additional, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, additional, Shibuya, Kenji, additional, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, additional, Shigematsu, Mika, additional, Shin, Jae Il, additional, Shiri, Rahman, additional, Shirkoohi, Reza, additional, Shivakumar, K M, additional, Shrime, Mark G, additional, Shuval, Kerem, additional, Siabani, Soraya, additional, Sierpinski, Radoslaw, additional, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, additional, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, additional, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, additional, Silva, João Pedro, additional, Simonetti, Biagio, additional, Simpson, Kyle E, additional, Singh, Jasvinder A, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, additional, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, additional, Smith, Emma U R, additional, Soheili, Amin, additional, Soltani, Shahin, additional, Soofi, Moslem, additional, Sorensen, Reed J.D., additional, Soriano, Joan B, additional, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, additional, Soyiri, Ireneous N, additional, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, additional, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, additional, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, additional, Steel, Nicholas, additional, Stein, Caroline, additional, Stokes, Mark A, additional, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, additional, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, additional, Sultan, Iyad, additional, Szumowski, Łukasz, additional, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, additional, Tabuchi, Takahiro, additional, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, additional, Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu, additional, Tadesse, Degena Bahrey, additional, Taherkhani, Amir, additional, Tamiru, Animut Tagele, additional, Tanser, Frank C, additional, Tareque, Md Ismail, additional, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, additional, Teagle, Whitney L, additional, Tediosi, Fabrizio, additional, Tefera, Yonas Getaye Getaye, additional, Tela, Freweini Gebrearegay, additional, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, additional, Thakur, Bhaskar, additional, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, additional, Tonelli, Marcello, additional, Topor-Madry, Roman, additional, Topouzis, Fotis, additional, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, additional, Tran, Bach Xuan, additional, Travillian, Ravensara, additional, Troeger, Christopher E, additional, Tudor Car, Lorainne, additional, Uddin, Riaz, additional, Ullah, Irfan, additional, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, additional, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, additional, Upadhyay, Era, additional, Uthman, Olalekan A, additional, Vacante, Marco, additional, Valdez, Pascual R, additional, Varughese, Santosh, additional, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, additional, Vasseghian, Yasser, additional, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, additional, Violante, Francesco S, additional, Vlassov, Vasily, additional, Vollset, Stein Emil, additional, Vongpradith, Avina, additional, Vos, Theo, additional, Waheed, Yasir, additional, Walters, Magdalene K, additional, Wamai, Richard G, additional, Wang, Haidong, additional, Wang, Yuan-Pang, additional, Weintraub, Robert G, additional, Weiss, Jordan, additional, Werdecker, Andrea, additional, Westerman, Ronny, additional, Wilner, Lauren B, additional, Woldu, Gebremariam, additional, Wolfe, Charles D A, additional, Wu, Ai-Min, additional, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, additional, Xie, Yang, additional, Xu, Rixing, additional, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, additional, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, additional, Yano, Yuichiro, additional, Yaya, Sanni, additional, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, additional, Yearwood, Jamal A, additional, Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew, additional, Yip, Paul, additional, Yonemoto, Naohiro, additional, Younis, Mustafa Z, additional, Yousefi, Zabihollah, additional, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, additional, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, additional, Zadey, Siddhesh, additional, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, additional, Zaidi, Syed Saoud, additional, Zaki, Leila, additional, Zaman, Sojib Bin, additional, Zamani, Mohammad, additional, Zamanian, Maryam, additional, Zandian, Hamed, additional, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, additional, Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu, additional, Zhang, Yunquan, additional, Zhao, Xiu-Ju George, additional, Zhao, Yingxi, additional, Zheng, Peng, additional, Zhu, Cong, additional, Ziapour, Arash, additional, Zlavog, Bianca S, additional, Zodpey, Sanjay, additional, and Murray, Christopher J L, additional
Published: 2020
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23. Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Burkart, Katrin, Causey, Kate, Cohen, Aaron J, Wozniak, Sarah S, Salvi, Devashri Digvijay, Abbafati, Cristiana, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adsuar, Jose C, Ahmadi, Keivan, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alipour, Vahid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Ansari, Fereshteh, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Aripov, Timur, Babaee, Ebrahim, Banach, Maciej, Barnett, Anthony, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Béjot, Yannick, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bernstein, Robert S, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Butt, Zahid A, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cantu-Brito, Carlos, Carvalho, Felix, Cerin, Ester, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chauhan, Bal Govind, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daryani, Ahmad, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Diaz, Daniel, Djalalinia, Shirin, Duncan, Bruce B, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Freitas, Marisa, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajat Das, Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I, Heibati, Behzad, Hole, Michael K, Hossain, Naznin, Househ, Mowafa, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaydi, Neda, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir M, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kugbey, Nuworza, Lauriola, Paolo, Lee, Paul H, Leili, Mostafa, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Yong, Lorkowski, Stefan, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahotra, Narayan B, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Martini, Santi, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moraga, Paula, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Naik, Gurudatta, Nangia, Vinay, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortiz, Alberto, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Raoofi, Samira, Rawal, Lal, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezapour, Aziz, Ribeiro, Daniela, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shuval, Kerem, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ullah, Irfan, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Violante, Francesco S, Waheed, Yasir, Wolfe, Charles D A, Yamada, Tomohide, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zhang, Yunquan, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, and Brauer, Michael
Abstract: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5originating from ambient and household air pollution.
Published: 2022
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24. A drug repositioning success: The repositioned therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action of thalidomide.

Author: Amare, Gedefaw Getnet, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, and Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche
Subjects: *LEPROSTATIC agents, *DRUG efficacy, *THALIDOMIDE, *TERATOGENIC agents, *TUMORS, *PATIENT safety, *PHARMACODYNAMICS
Abstract: Background: Thalidomide is the most teratogenic human medicine ever marketed and was associated with birth defects in approximately 10,000 children in the 1960s. The pharmacological effects of thalidomide are attributed to its anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and modulatory effect on cytokines principally tumor necrosis factor-α, while the teratogenic effects are linked to two molecular targets, namely cereblon and tubulin. Teratogenicity is the gravest adverse effect of thalidomide depending on the dose and time of exposure. Nonetheless, with System for Thalidomide Education and Prescribing Safety program, the possibility of teratogenicity can be completely avoided. The sensitive period during pregnancy for thalidomide teratogenicity in humans is approximately 20-34 days after fertilization. Methods: Relevant articles were identified from Google scholar and PubMed (MEDLINE) using different search strategies. Conclusion: Clinical trials showed that thalidomide has been found effective in the treatment of advanced renal cancer, esophageal cancer, chemotherapy refractory endometrial cancer and pancreatic cancer, which can suggest its future therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Thalidomide is also used in the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders and has shown promising effect in the treatment of autoimmune disorders and inflammatory bowel disease. Despite thalidomide being a renowned teratogen and neurotoxin, it has been successfully repositioned and FDA approved for the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum and multiple myeloma under strict control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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25. Phytolacca dodecandra (Phytolaccaceae) Root Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities in Mice with CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Damage.

Author: Meharie, Birhanu Geta and Tunta, Tewodros Agedew
Subjects: CHOLESTEROL content of food, GINGER, ALANINE aminotransferase, LIVER, CHOLESTEROL metabolism, ANTIOXIDANTS, ASPARTATE aminotransferase, LACTATE dehydrogenase
Abstract: Background: The liver is a hub of metabolism and detoxification of substances. Since many redox reactions take place in the liver, it is prone to oxidative damage. Unlike conventional agents, botanicals act through several mechanisms in preventing oxidative damage. Among these Phytolacca dodecandra is the most commonly used agent in Ethiopian folk medicine. Objective: To evaluate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the 80% methanol extract of P. dodecandra root. Methods: Male mice were divided into six groups and treated accordingly. Negative control was given 2% Tween 80, toxicant control administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), positive control treated with silymarin 100 mg/kg, and test groups were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract. Then, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, albumin, total protein, and bilirubin were determined. Determination of the change in body weight and liver weight, histopathologic examination of the liver, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant assays were also carried out. Results: The levels of ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, and bilirubin were significantly reduced, while albumin and total protein were significantly increased after treatment with P. dodecandra root extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg in CCl4 intoxicated mice. Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis capabilities of the liver of mice were also returned to normal in the two doses. Besides, the 200 and 400 mg/kg doses were able to return the normal architecture and morphology of hepatocytes. Furthermore, the plant extract was found to scavenge free radicals in vitro and inhibit lipid peroxidation in vivo. Conclusion: The results suggest that the 80% methanol extract of P. dodecandra root can be used for the management of liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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26. Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of the Leaf Latex of Aloe pulcherrima Gilbert and Sebsebe (Aloaceae).

Author: Amare, Gedefaw Getnet, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, and Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche
Subjects: *ALOE, *AMINOGLYCOSIDES, *ANIMAL experimentation, *ANTIOXIDANTS, *DIABETES, *HYPOGLYCEMIC agents, *LATEX, *LEAVES, *LIPIDS, *MICE, *PLANT extracts, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *IN vitro studies, *IN vivo studies, *PHARMACODYNAMICS
Abstract: The leaf latex of Aloe pulcherrima has been used as remedy for diabetes mellitus. This was carried out to determine in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activities of the leaf latex of Aloe pulcherrima. Methods. Sucrase and maltase inhibitory activity of the leaf latex of A. pulcherrima was determined in glucose oxidase assay, and α-amylase inhibitory activity was determined in dinitrosalicylic acid assay. Normoglycemic, glucose-loaded, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were treated orally to determine blood glucose lowering activity of the latex. Effect of the latex on serum lipid level and body weight was measured in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Additionally, DPPH assay was used to determine free radical scavenging capacity of the latex. Results. Antioxidant activity of the latex was concentration dependent; the strongest inhibition was measured at 800 μg/ml (80.57%). The leaf latex of A. pulcherrima inhibited sucrase (IC50 = 2.92 μg/ml), maltase (IC50 = 11.81 μg/ml) and α-amylase (IC50 = 14.92 μg/ml) enzymes. All doses of the leaf latex induced hypoglycemic effect after 4 h in normal mice, and low dose of the latex did not show significant effect after 6 h. Glucose reduction of the leaf latex of A. pulcherrima was significant (p < 0.05) in oral glucose-loaded mice compared to the vehicle control. Blood glucose level of diabetic mice was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced on week one and weak two in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Glucose reduction increased with increasing the doses of the leaf latex of A. pulcherrima on week one (p < 0.05 (200 mg/kg), p < 0.01 (400 mg/kg), and p < 0.001 (600 mg/kg)). Administration of the leaf latex of A. pulcherrima for two weeks significantly (p < 0.05) improved diabetic dyslipidemia and body weight of diabetic mice. Conclusion. The study confirmed that the leaf latex of the plant showed a significant antidiabetic activity justifying the traditional uses of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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27. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of the Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.

Author: Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Amare, Gedefaw Getnet, and Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche
Abstract: Background: Liver is a vital organ that plays a major role in the elimination of xenobiotics from the body. Diseases that affect the liver become major health problems and challenge health-care professionals as well as the pharmaceutical industry. Since the conventional treatment of liver diseases is associated with a wide range of adverse effects, botanical agents are commonly used. Among these agents, Clutia abyssinica is the most widely used herb in Ethiopian traditional medicine. Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the crude 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of Clutia abyssinica leaves in mice. Methods: The leaves of Clutia abyssinica were extracted by cold maceration using 80% methanol as a solvent, and the solvent fractions were obtained in liquid–liquid extraction with chloroform, n-butanol and distilled water. Male mice were treated with the vehicles (distilled water or 2% Tween 80), three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the crude 80% methanol extract and three solvent fractions, the standard drug (silymarin 100 mg/kg), and the hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Then, the levels of biomarkers of liver injury – such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) – and liver function such as total protein, albumin, and bilirubin were measured. Evaluation of the change in body weight and liver weight, histopathologic examination and in vitro antioxidant assay against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity were also carried out. Results: The 80% methanol extract decreased the absolute and relative weight of the liver of mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p< 0.01 and p< 0.001, respectively). It also suppressed the plasma levels of AST, ALT and ALP (p< 0.001) in the aforementioned doses. Among fractions, the n-butanol fraction showed maximum hepatoprotective activity in its dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p< 0.001, in all cases). Likewise, the chloroform fraction (400 mg/kg) reduced to a similar extent (p< 0.001 in all cases). In stark contrast, the aqueous fraction failed to affect the levels of all biomarkers of hepatocyte injury. The crude methanol extract and n-butanol fraction were able to return the normal hepatic architecture of hepatocytes and scavenge free radicals in the 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Conclusion: Clutia abyssinica is endowed with hepatoprotective activity, probably mediated via its antioxidant activity. Thus, Clutia abyssinica can be taken as one candidate for the development of hepatoprotective agents because of its good safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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28. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017

Author: <p>Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213260020301053?via%3Dihub#sec1</p>, Soriano, Joan B., Kendrick, Parkes J., Paulson, Katherine R., Gupta, Vinay, Abrams, Elissa M., Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Advani, Shailesh M., Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadian, Elham, Alahdab, Fares, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antó, Josep M., Arabloo, Jalal, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Awoke, Nefsu, Badawi, Alaa, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berfield, Kathleen S.Sachiko, Bernstein, Robert S., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Brauer, Michael, Bukhman, Gene, Butt, Zahid A., Cámera, Luis Alberto, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Cohen, Aaron J., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Daryani, Ahmad, de Courten, Barbora, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Desai, Rupak, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Douiri, Abdel, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Eftekhari, Aziz, Elkout, Hajer, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Garcia-Gordillo, M. A., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F., Goudarzi, Houman, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Hoang, Chi Linh, Hole, Michael K., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, lIslam, Sheikh Mohammed Sharifu, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamal, Amr A., Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Knibbs, Luke D., Komaki, Hamidreza, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kumar, G. Anil, Lan, Qing, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, La Vecchia, Carlo, Le, Tham Thi, Leigh, James, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lopez, Alan D., Lotufo, Paulo A., Madotto, Fabiana, Mahotra, Narayan B., Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manafi, Navid, Manafi, Farzad, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Ghobad, Morawska, Lidia, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naderi, Mehdi, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naik, Gurudatta, Nair, Sanjeev, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nixon, Molly R., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R., Owolabi, Mayowa O., P. A., Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Pham, Hai Quang, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Poustchi, Hossein, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Reiner Jr., Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rudd, Kristina E., Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Safari, Saeed, Saleem, Komal, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Shirkoohi, Reza, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Jasvinder A., Soljak, Michael, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Toma Toma, Alemayehu, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ullah, Irfan, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., van Boven, Job F. M., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Veisani, Yousef, Violante, Francesco S., Wagner, Gregory R., Westerman, Ronny, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Zar, Heather J., Zhang, Yunquan, Vos, Theo, GBD Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators, <p>Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213260020301053?via%3Dihub#sec1</p>, Soriano, Joan B., Kendrick, Parkes J., Paulson, Katherine R., Gupta, Vinay, Abrams, Elissa M., Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Advani, Shailesh M., Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadian, Elham, Alahdab, Fares, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Antó, Josep M., Arabloo, Jalal, Athari, Seyyede Masoume, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Awoke, Nefsu, Badawi, Alaa, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berfield, Kathleen S.Sachiko, Bernstein, Robert S., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Brauer, Michael, Bukhman, Gene, Butt, Zahid A., Cámera, Luis Alberto, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Cohen, Aaron J., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Daryani, Ahmad, de Courten, Barbora, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Desai, Rupak, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Douiri, Abdel, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Eftekhari, Aziz, Elkout, Hajer, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Garcia-Gordillo, M. A., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F., Goudarzi, Houman, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Hoang, Chi Linh, Hole, Michael K., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, lIslam, Sheikh Mohammed Sharifu, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamal, Amr A., Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Junaid, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Knibbs, Luke D., Komaki, Hamidreza, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kumar, G. Anil, Lan, Qing, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, La Vecchia, Carlo, Le, Tham Thi, Leigh, James, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lopez, Alan D., Lotufo, Paulo A., Madotto, Fabiana, Mahotra, Narayan B., Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manafi, Navid, Manafi, Farzad, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Ghobad, Morawska, Lidia, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naderi, Mehdi, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naik, Gurudatta, Nair, Sanjeev, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nixon, Molly R., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R., Owolabi, Mayowa O., P. A., Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Pham, Hai Quang, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Poustchi, Hossein, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Reiner Jr., Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rudd, Kristina E., Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Safari, Saeed, Saleem, Komal, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Shirkoohi, Reza, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Jasvinder A., Soljak, Michael, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Toma Toma, Alemayehu, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ullah, Irfan, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., van Boven, Job F. M., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Veisani, Yousef, Violante, Francesco S., Wagner, Gregory R., Westerman, Ronny, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Zar, Heather J., Zhang, Yunquan, Vos, Theo, and GBD Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators
Abstract: Soriano, J. B., Kendrick, P. J., Paulson, K. R., Gupta, V., Abrams, E. M., Adedoyin, R. A., ... Vos, T. (2020). Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(6), 585-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30105-3

29. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: William M. Gardner, Rawlance Ndejjo, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Fereshteh Ansari, Kathleen Pillsbury Hopf, João Pedro Silva, M. Mofizul Islam, Cong Zhu, Abdul Hafiz, Irmina Maria Michalek, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Leonardo Roever, Mustefa Glagn, Davood Anvari, Tessa M. Pilz, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Joel M. Francis, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Rakhi Dandona, Abbas Sheikhtaheri, Mansour Ghafourifard, Simon Øverland, David Laith Rawaf, Jaykaran Charan, Akram Pourshams, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Morteza Mahmoudi, Alton Lu, Alyssa N. Sbarra, Lorainne Tudor Car, Franz Castro, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Luca Ronfani, Marina Pinheiro, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Hoa Thi Do, Whitney L. Teagle, Sofia Androudi, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Myron Anthony Godinho, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Getinet Ayano, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Kyle E. Simpson, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Vivekanand Jha, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Amr Hassan, Akine Eshete Abosetugn, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Anna V. Korotkova, Brijesh Sathian, Marcello Tonelli, Olatunde Aremu, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Juan Jesus Carrero, Cameron J. Kneib, Ravi Prakash Jha, David H. Shaw, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Tanuj Kanchan, Khezar Hayat, Hamid Sharifi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Muktar Omer Omer, Fatemeh Amiri, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, David Edvardsson, Xiu Ju George Zhao, Hannah Han, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Adam E. Berman, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Thomas Pilgrim, Leila Doshmangir, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, David M. Pigott, Hadi Hassankhani, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Teklemariam Gultie, Arash Ziapour, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Ilse N. Dippenaar, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Emmanuela Gakidou, Abiyu Mekonnen Gebrehiwot, Maha El Tantawi, Xuefeng Liu, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Keyghobad Ghadiri, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Behzad Karami Matin, Yunquan Zhang, Vera Marisa Costa, Iyad Sultan, Mostafa Hosseini, Abdulaziz Khalid Abu Haimed, Haidong Wang, Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie, Celine M. Barthelemy, Hosna Janjani, Bartosz Miazgowski, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Arianna Maever L. Amit, John S. Ji, Ata Rafiee, Maria Inês Schmidt, Alireza Rafiei, Somayeh Bohlouli, Joana Morgado-da-Costa, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Pradyumna Agasthi, Tiffany K. Gill, Martin McKee, Khaled Khatab, Jae Il Shin, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Giancarlo Logroscino, Hassan Abolhassani, Syed Saoud Zaidi, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Garumma Tolu Feyissa, Ahmad Daryani, Ziyad Al-Aly, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Michael T. Chung, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mehedi Hasan, Saeed Shahabi, Diep Ngoc Nguyen, Yohannes Kinfu, Nicholas L S Roberts, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Mika Shigematsu, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Deepa Jahagirdar, Islam Y. Elgendy, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Tanvir M. Huda, Fakher Rahim, Dara K. Mohammad, Yingxi Zhao, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Vinod C. Nayak, Reinhard Busse, Andrew T. Leever, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Kathryn Mei Ming Lau, Stefania Mondello, Vivian Chia-Rong Hsieh, Kris J. Krohn, Reza Rawassizadeh, Vishnu Renjith, Jianing Ma, Moses K. Muriithi, Mark G. Shrime, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Nobuyuki Horita, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Daniel Y. Cho, Miloje Savic, Moslem Soofi, Iqbal R. F. Elyazar, Freweini Gebrearegay G. Tela, Jonathan F. Mosser, Palash Chandra Banik, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Yuan-Pang Wang, Natalie C. Galles, Rashid Abdi Guled, Abdallah M. Samy, Hadi Pourjafar, Roman Topor-Madry, Ayesha Humayun, Leila Zaki, Nuworza Kugbey, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Naznin Hossain, Jiregna Darega Gela, Jordi Alonso, Ruth W Kimokoti, A. A. Fomenkov, Jalal Arabloo, Aletta E. Schutte, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Teklehaimanot Gereziher Haile, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir, Maciej Banach, Deanna Anderlini, Moses J. Bockarie, Saleem Muhammad Rana, Randah R. Hamadeh, Farhad Islami, Olalekan A. Uthman, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Kairat Davletov, Soraya Seedat, Alan D. Lopez, Masoud Behzadifar, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Santosh Varughese, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Amin Soheili, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine, Mojgan Gitimoghaddam, G Anil Kumar, Rasmus J. Havmoeller, Hiroyasu Iso, Atte Meretoja, Yasir Waheed, João M. Furtado, Christian Razo, Neeti Kapoor, Mowafa Househ, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Mohammad Khammarnia, Santi Martini, Feng Sha, Marco Vacante, Jacek A. Kopec, Hunduma Amensisa Bojia, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Kate E. LeGrand, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Robert S. Bernstein, Arun Balachandran, Davoud Adham, Ahad Bakhtiari, Shafiu Mohammed, Leake G. Gebremeskel, Smita Pakhale, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Daniel Cury Ribeiro, Yousef Mohammad, Bernhard T. Baune, Azeem Majeed, Luis Camera, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Rahman Shiri, Massimo Cirillo, Nikita Otstavnov, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Paolo Lauriola, Irfan Ullah, Aruna M Kamath, Maryam Mirzaei, Zabihollah Yousefi, Iman El Sayed, Mohammad Farahmand, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Megan Knight, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Teferi Mekonnen, Iván Landires, Robert G. Weintraub, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Paulo A. Lotufo, Mehdi Naderi, Tomislav Mestrovic, André Faro, Mohsen Bayati, Raffaele Palladino, Shahin Soltani, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Abdiwahab Hashi, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Dejana Braithwaite, Sergio I. Prada, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de Goulart, Reza Pourmirza Kalhori, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Ronny Westerman, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Paul S. F. Yip, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Gebremariam Woldu, Rashmi Gupta, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Shane D. Morrison, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Marcel Ausloos, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, K M Shivakumar, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Archith Boloor, Aidin Abedi, Binyam Minuye Birihane, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Nihad A. Almasri, Simachew Animen Bante, Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Antonio Biondi, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Sarika Chaturvedi, Francesco Saverio Violante, Abhay Gaidhane, George A. Mensah, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ebrahim Babaee, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Avina Vongpradith, Javad Nazari, Amir Khater, Michael K. Hole, Ben Lacey, Razique Anwer, Łukasz Szumowski, Ai Koyanagi, Rajesh Sagar, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Seyed M Karimi, Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila, Mona Pathak, Nithin Kumar, Masoud Foroutan, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Abbas Mosapour, Kebede Deribe, Nermin Ghith, Vaman Kulkarni, Sanjay Zodpey, Asadollah Gholamian, Mohammed Shannawaz, Nancy Fullman, Benn Sartorius, Giulio Castelpietra, Ghulam Mustafa, Silvia Schiavolin, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Jeffrey D. Stanaway, Rafael Lozano, Christopher J L Murray, Guoqing Hu, Andrew M. Briggs, Ashish Badiye, Yousef Khader, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Valery L. Feigin, Claudia I. Mastrogiacomo, Emma Smith, Yasser Vasseghian, Saeed Amini, Asif Hanif, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Maryam Adabi, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Bhaskar Thakur, Ravi Mehrotra, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Lalit Dandona, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Simon I. Hay, Kiirithio N. Ngari, Obinna Onwujekwe, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Lorenzo Monasta, Neda Kianipour, Khurshid Alam, Luisa Sorio Flor, Priya Rathi, Ali Bijani, Khalid A Altirkawi, Jaimie Adelson, Hamed Zandian, Frank Tanser, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, John Everett Mumford, Morteza Oladnabi, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez, Masoud Moradi, Maseer Khan, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Amy E. Peden, Dhirendra N Sinha, Shanshan Li, Shailesh Advani, Behshad Naghshtabrizi, Matilde Leonardi, Lope H Barrero, Nicholas Steel, Dinh-Toi Chu, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Pushpendra Singh, Adrian Otoiu, Fabrizio Tediosi, Yonas Getaye Tefera, Pawan Faris, George C. Patton, Christopher Troeger, Mohammed Madadin, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Paul H. 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University, Health Sciences, 10922180 - Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Lozano, R., Fullman, N., Mumford, J. 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Subjects: Index (economics), Servicios de Salud, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, universal health coverage, sustaibale develpment goal, global burden of disease, performance, systematic analysis, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Universal Health Insurance, RA0421, 11. Sustainability, Per capita, Medical economics, Disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, effective coverage of health services, GBD 2019 Universal Health Coverage Collaborators, education.field_of_study, Public health, Medical care, Sjúkdómar, 4. Education, 1. No poverty, Health coverage, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Hälsovetenskaper, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Health services, 3. Good health, Global burden of disease, Health Expenditures, Humans, World Health Organization, Purchasing power parity, Scale (social sciences), Lýðheilsa, universal health coverag, CANCER SURVIVAL, ACCESS, Human, Heilsuhagfræði, medicine.medical_specialty, Health coverage, GBD, GBD, Universal health, GBD 2019, Population, Health expenditures, 3122 Cancers, Population health, 03 medical and health sciences, Health systems, Heilbrigðisvísindi, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Development economics, Health Sciences, medicine, Heilbrigðisstefna, Alþjóðaheilbrigðisstofnunin, QUALITY, Global Burden of Disease Study, education, PROGRESS, Disease burden, Health services accessibility, CARE, Heilbrigðisþjónusta, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Health Expenditure, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Morbility, Administración de los Servicios de Salud, Medical policy, Business, Heilbrigðiskerfi
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (>= 65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0-100 based on the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target-1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023-we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. Findings Globally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45.8 (95% uncertainty interval 44.2-47.5) in 1990 to 60.3 (58.7-61.9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2.6% [1.9-3.3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010-2019 relative to 1990-2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0.79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388.9 million (358.6-421.3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3.1 billion (3.0-3.2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968.1 million [903.5-1040.3]) residing in south Asia. Interpretation The present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people-the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close-or how far-all populations are in benefiting from UHC., Lucas Guimaraes Abreu acknowledges support from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (Capes) -Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). Olatunji O Adetokunboh acknowledges South African Department of Science & Innovation, and National Research Foundation. Anurag Agrawal acknowledges support from the Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance Senior Fellowship IA/CPHS/14/1/501489. Rufus Olusola Akinyemi acknowledges Grant U01HG010273 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as part of the H3Africa Consortium. Rufus Olusola Akinyemi is further supported by the FLAIR fellowship funded by the UK Royal Society and the African Academy of Sciences. Syed Mohamed Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Marcel Ausloos, Claudiu Herteliu, and Adrian Pana acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDSUEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. Till Winfried Barnighausen acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Juan J Carrero was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2019-01059). Felix Carvalho acknowledges UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 support with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Vera Marisa Costa acknowledges support from grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma TransitA3ria DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Jan-Walter De Neve acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Kebede Deribe acknowledges support by Wellcome Trust grant number 201900/Z/16/Z as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Claudiu Herteliu acknowledges partial support by a grant co-funded by European Fund for Regional Development through Operational Program for Competitiveness, Project ID P_40_382. Praveen Hoogar acknowledges the Centre for Bio Cultural Studies (CBiCS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE), Manipal and Centre for Holistic Development and Research (CHDR), Kalghatgi. Bing-Fang Hwang acknowledges support from China Medical University (CMU108-MF-95), Taichung, Taiwan. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowledges the Serbian part of this GBD contribution was co-funded through the Grant OI175014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Aruna M Kamath acknowledges funding from the National Institutes of Health T32 grant (T32GM086270). Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi acknowledges funding from the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/13 & MC_UU_12017/15), Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13 & SPHSU15) and an NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02). Yun Jin Kim acknowledges support from the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001). Kewal Krishan acknowledges support from the DST PURSE grant and UGC Center of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Manasi Kumar acknowledges support from K43 TW010716 Fogarty International Center/NIMH. Ben Lacey acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. Ivan Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de InvestigaciA3n (SNI), which is supported by the Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENACYT), Panama. Jeffrey V Lazarus acknowledges support by a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Miguel Servet grant (Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ESF, European Union [CP18/00074]). Peter T N Memiah acknowledges CODESRIA; HISTP. Subas Neupane acknowledges partial support from the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Tampere University Hospital. Shuhei Nomura acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (18K10082). Alberto Ortiz acknowledges support by ISCIII PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009 Fondos FEDER, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. These funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. George C Patton acknowledges support from a National Health & Medical Research Council Fellowship. Marina Pinheiro acknowledges support from FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 -Norma transitA3ria. Alberto Raggi, David Sattin, and Silvia Schiavolin acknowledge support by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C Besta, Linea 4 -Outcome Research: dagli Indicatori alle Raccomandazioni Cliniche). Daniel Cury Ribeiro acknowledges support from the Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship -Health Research Council of New Zealand (18/111). Perminder S Sachdev acknowledges funding from the NHMRC Australia. Abdallah M Samy acknowledges support from a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Milena M Santric-Milicevic acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 175087). Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez acknowledges institutional support from University of Applied and Environmental Sciences in Bogota, Colombia, and Carlos III Institute of Health in Madrid, Spain. Maria Ines Schmidt acknowledges grants from the Foundation for the Support of Research of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (IATS and PrInt) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam acknowledges a fellowship from the National Heart Foundation of Australia and Deakin University. Aziz Sheikh acknowledges support from Health Data Research UK. Kenji Shibuya acknowledges Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Joan B Soriano acknowledges support by Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos acknowledges partial support from grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla acknowledges support from the National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship, Australia. Marcello Tonelli acknowledges the David Freeze Chair in Health Services Research at the University of Calgary, AB, Canada., "Peer Reviewed"
Published: 2020

30. Phytolacca dodecandra ( Phytolaccaceae) Root Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities in Mice with CCl 4 -Induced Acute Liver Damage.

Author: Meharie BG and Tunta TA
Abstract: Background: The liver is a hub of metabolism and detoxification of substances. Since many redox reactions take place in the liver, it is prone to oxidative damage. Unlike conventional agents, botanicals act through several mechanisms in preventing oxidative damage. Among these Phytolacca dodecandra is the most commonly used agent in Ethiopian folk medicine., Objective: To evaluate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the 80% methanol extract of P. dodecandra root., Methods: Male mice were divided into six groups and treated accordingly. Negative control was given 2% Tween 80, toxicant control administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ), positive control treated with silymarin 100 mg/kg, and test groups were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract. Then, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, albumin, total protein, and bilirubin were determined. Determination of the change in body weight and liver weight, histopathologic examination of the liver, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant assays were also carried out., Results: The levels of ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, and bilirubin were significantly reduced, while albumin and total protein were significantly increased after treatment with P. dodecandra root extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg in CCl 4 intoxicated mice. Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis capabilities of the liver of mice were also returned to normal in the two doses. Besides, the 200 and 400 mg/kg doses were able to return the normal architecture and morphology of hepatocytes. Furthermore, the plant extract was found to scavenge free radicals in vitro and inhibit lipid peroxidation in vivo., Conclusion: The results suggest that the 80% methanol extract of P. dodecandra root can be used for the management of liver disease., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest for this work., (© 2021 Meharie and Tunta.)
Published: 2021
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31. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of the Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica ( Euphorbiaceae ) Leaf Against CCl 4 -Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.

Author: Meharie BG, Amare GG, and Belayneh YM
Abstract: Background: Liver is a vital organ that plays a major role in the elimination of xenobiotics from the body. Diseases that affect the liver become major health problems and challenge health-care professionals as well as the pharmaceutical industry. Since the conventional treatment of liver diseases is associated with a wide range of adverse effects, botanical agents are commonly used. Among these agents, Clutia abyssinica is the most widely used herb in Ethiopian traditional medicine., Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the crude 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of Clutia abyssinica leaves in mice., Methods: The leaves of Clutia abyssinica were extracted by cold maceration using 80% methanol as a solvent, and the solvent fractions were obtained in liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform, n-butanol and distilled water. Male mice were treated with the vehicles (distilled water or 2% Tween 80), three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the crude 80% methanol extract and three solvent fractions, the standard drug (silymarin 100 mg/kg), and the hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ). Then, the levels of biomarkers of liver injury - such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) - and liver function such as total protein, albumin, and bilirubin were measured. Evaluation of the change in body weight and liver weight, histopathologic examination and in vitro antioxidant assay against CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity were also carried out., Results: The 80% methanol extract decreased the absolute and relative weight of the liver of mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). It also suppressed the plasma levels of AST, ALT and ALP (p<0.001) in the aforementioned doses. Among fractions, the n-butanol fraction showed maximum hepatoprotective activity in its dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001, in all cases). Likewise, the chloroform fraction (400 mg/kg) reduced to a similar extent (p<0.001 in all cases). In stark contrast, the aqueous fraction failed to affect the levels of all biomarkers of hepatocyte injury. The crude methanol extract and n-butanol fraction were able to return the normal hepatic architecture of hepatocytes and scavenge free radicals in the 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay., Conclusion: Clutia abyssinica is endowed with hepatoprotective activity, probably mediated via its antioxidant activity. Thus, Clutia abyssinica can be taken as one candidate for the development of hepatoprotective agents because of its good safety profile., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2020 Meharie et al.)
Published: 2020
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31 results on '"Meharie, Birhanu Geta"'

1. Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2. Evaluation of the antiulcerogenic activity of hydromethanol extracts of Solanum incanum L. (Solanaceae) leaves and roots in mice; single and repeated dose study

3. Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study

4. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

5. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17

6. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

7. Phytolacca dodecandra (Phytolaccaceae) Root Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities in Mice with CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Damage

8. Predicting the environmental suitability for onchocerciasis in Africa as an aid to elimination planning

9. Predicting the environmental suitability for onchocerciasis in Africa as an aid to elimination planning

10. Phytolacca dodecandra (Phytolaccaceae) Root Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities in Mice with CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Damage

11. Evaluation of Diuretic Activity and Phytochemical Contents of Aqueous Extract of the Shoot Apex of Podocarpus falcactus

12. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of the Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

13. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017

14. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

15. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

16. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

17. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

18. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of the Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

19. Updates on the molecular mechanisms of aspirin in the prevention of colorectal cancer: Review

20. A drug repositioning success: The repositioned therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action of thalidomide

21. Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of the Leaf Latex ofAloe pulcherrimaGilbert and Sebsebe (Aloaceae)

22. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

23. Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

24. A drug repositioning success: The repositioned therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action of thalidomide.

25. Phytolacca dodecandra (Phytolaccaceae) Root Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities in Mice with CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Damage.

26. Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of the Leaf Latex of Aloe pulcherrima Gilbert and Sebsebe (Aloaceae).

27. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of the Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.

28. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017

29. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

30. Phytolacca dodecandra ( Phytolaccaceae) Root Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities in Mice with CCl 4 -Induced Acute Liver Damage.

31. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of the Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Clutia abyssinica ( Euphorbiaceae ) Leaf Against CCl 4 -Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.

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31 results on '"Meharie, Birhanu Geta"'

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