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Traffic analysis is basically the process of intercepting and examining the number of vehicles on the road and deducing the pattern of traffic movement. A traffic survey on Basaveshwara Circle, Chandra mouleshwara circle and Osman Gunj Circle Intersection of Raichur city has been carried out which includes calculation of present traffic density and analysis of traffic volume by adopting the manual method of counting PCU estimations are made and appropriate design by Webster method and corrections are suggested for highway geometry. For the proposed design geometry, the signal time is optimized.

Scholars have long debated the woman question in Buddhism, in terms of the social spaces and gendered attitudes revealed by texts and traditions. In the opinion of some, Buddhism in its essence does not discriminate between male and female forms. It is the cultural baggage of the practitioners that has led to discriminatory behaviour based on the body. But others have questioned this understanding as being too simplistic and essentializing. The discourse around gender has multiple layers and contexts corresponding to developments (both philosophical and sectarian) within Buddhism. This article attempts to look at the evolution of this discourse from Early Buddhism to the early stages of Mahāyāna Buddhism and, subsequently, within Mahāyā na Buddhism. To do so, this article utilizes Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtras, and Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, juxtaposing them to analyse the evolution of the gender discourse in the philosophical world as well as in the narrative world. This study reveals that while Mahāyāna Buddhism philosophically stands upon the concept of Śūnyatā, that is, emptiness, which extends to include the illusory nature of the human body, the narrative literature carries reservations about the female body. Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra employs a narrative device of ‘sex transformation’ as part of the show of the enlightened state of the female practitioner. Despite the claims made by all these practitioners about the emptiness of the body, all these stories end with female practitioners acquiring a male body and immediately receiving their Buddhahood. This study reveals a more complex picture of conversations and interactions between Early Buddhism and Mahāyāna Buddhism.

Public speaking is a vital skill for making good impressions, effectively exchanging ideas, and influencing others. Yet, public speaking anxiety (PSA) ranks as a top social phobia. Recent advancements in wearable devices and ubiquitous virtual reality (VR) interfaces can help measure and mitigate PSA. This research quantifies PSA through bio-behavioral markers related to individuals' physiological and acoustic characteristics. The effect of virtual reality (VR) training on alleviating PSA is measured through self-reported and bio-behavioral indices. Psychological (e.g., general trait anxiety, personality) and demographic (e.g., age, gender, highest education, native language) traits are examined as moderating factors between bio-behavioral indices and PSA, as well as moderating factors for measuring the VR effectiveness in mitigating PSA. These measures are also used as clustering criteria for stratifying participants in group-based models of PSA. Results indicate the significance of such traits to modeling PSA with the proposed group-based models yielding Spearman's correlation of 0:55 ( $p \lt 0:05$ ) between the actual and predicted outcome. Results further demonstrate that systematic exposure to public speaking in VR can alleviate PSA in terms of both self-reported ( $p \lt 0:05$ ) and physiological ( $p \lt 0:05$ ) indices. Findings from this study will enable researchers to better understand antecedents and causes of PSA and lay the foundation for personalized adaptive feedback for PSA interventions.

Purpose: COVID-19 is a newly discovered contagious coronavirus that was first appeared in Wuhan, China in 2019 that affected entire mankind globally and was declared pandemic by WHO (World Health Organization). This pandemic outbreak can have psychological health consequences worldwide due to enforced adaptation in lifestyle and education, so this study evaluated the perceived stress level among medical students during online education due to COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Through an online survey, a cross-sectional study was undertaken using self-reported data from students from multiple universities in Delhi, NCR, India (n = 578). A PSS (Perceived stress scale) questionnaire was developed and send to the respondents through WhatsApp, emails etc. and data was analysed through descriptive statistics. Result: Out of 578 responses 49% were male and 51% were female. Majority of students shows moderate levels of stress (81%) while 10% students registered high levels and rest 9% were having low stress levels. Students that registered majority of moderate levels of stress were between 20-22 years of age. Conclusion: It is clear that this pandemic had elicited a strong and varied response from students and for that mental health issues should be considered across multiple domains and in all age groups and populations.

To assess studies that look into whether obesity has an effect on balance. The goal of this review was to look at the latest studies on the impact of obesity on balance. A high lipid accumulation or extra fat mass level is classified as obesity. Obesity is a complicated disease that develops as a consequence of an interaction between genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors, and it is now more common than malnutrition. Obesity is linked to a number of medical issues, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, tumours, respiratory difficulties, and severe orthopaedic ailments which reduce the QOL. Obesity is also linked to postural instability, which is defined as the ability to keep or recover the centre of mass with reference to the support base. Computerized bibliographic databases were used to find journal papers published between 2011 and 2021. Systematic reviews and cross-sectional studies with high levels of evidence were included. There was a total of 30 studies chosen. Following the analysis of the studies, it was discovered that obesity had a negative impact on balance. According to previous research, bodyweight is a powerful predictor of postural equilibrium. Increased postural sway was linked to a higher body mass index (BMI).

To review studies that can examine whether there is any effect of physical activity on obesity. Obesity is defined as an energy deficit caused by lifestyle behaviour such as poor food habits & insufficient physical activity time, both of which are significantly linked to obesity development. Journal articles published between 2011-2021 were secured by searching computerized bibliographical databases. High evidence studies such as systemic reviews and cross-sectional studies were included. A total of 30 studies were selected. After analysing the studies, it was seen that: Physical activity has been shown to reduce obesity in children. Increased physical activity (reduced inactive behaviour) in combination with healthy eating appears to be more beneficial in lowering obesity than either a good diet or increased PA alone.

Background of the Study: - A Musculoskeletal disorder is type of disorders based on pain & discomfort related to soft tissue. Health care professionals have high risk to develop MSDs from patient handling. This study investigates of knee related problem, MSDs, and ergonomics in health care professionals. Aim: - To identify the prevalence of knee ergonomics musculoskeletal complains in health care professionals. Methodology: - An electronic search was conducted; roughly 200 distributions were at first separated after that 29 articles were utilized. Other articles excluded because those were not correlated with study. Result: - Evidence suggested that knee ergonomics were more common in doctors, physiotherapist and nurses. Female health care worker were more prone because of age, job experience, and work environment. The occurrence of MSDs as well as their contributing factors was biomechanically awkward posture, repetitive bending, prolong standing without interval and heavy lifting. Conclusion:- Many of the healthcare workers affected by MSDs and most of the nurses, physiotherapist, and surgeon experience knee symptoms in their working carrier due to high level of physical , social, as well as psychological demand. Most of them change their profession due to high physical demand.

The purpose of this study is to explore the employee performance factors which are highly influenced by HRM practices through different dimensions. Moreover, this study proposes a model in the area of human resource practices to be used for testing and improving the performance of employees in the universities. An integrated model was developed highlighting the relationship between the HRM practice variables (Training, R&D, and Performance Appraisal) and employee performance. 281 responses have been collected from various academicians and work professional working in universities. Partial least square (PLS) – Structural equation modeling (SEM) is implemented using Smart PLS 3.0 to validate the hypothesized relationship by evaluating the responses of employees working in the universities. The findings of this study demonstrate a strong relationship between HRM practices and employee performance in the universities and also can be used by managers and HR professionals for organizing exclusive relevant programs for improving employee's performance based on the dimensions used in this paper. The present study provides an empirical and theoretical explanation of different dimensions associated with HRM Practices and employee performance.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) refers to complications related to bone, muscle, tendon, and nerve. According to WHO MSDs refers to complication related to bone, muscle, tendon, cartilage, and the nerve gets affected. Healthcare professionals are more prone to have MSDs. This study is done to find the neck pain, ergonomic, and MSDs in healthcare professionals. Methodology: An online search was done on the basics of neck pain, musculoskeletal disorder, and ergonomic factors. Articles included in this study belonged to health care professionals only. Result: This study reported that dentists, nurses, physiotherapy, surgeon, was at the highest risk of having neck ergonomic complaints. The factors that was responsible for having awkward movement, non-ergonomic environment, repeated body stress, patient handling. Conclusion: Healthcare workers are exposed to have MSDs. WRMSDs silently develop, due to ergonomic, physical, psychosocial factors. Physiotherapists, nurses, dentists, surgeons were affected by MSDs. Positioning, change in work style, decrease work pressure, educating ergonomics and intermittent exercise, stretching, stabilizing, ergonomic principal, knowledge improvement, awareness, training, modified work environment, postural training, regular exercise, alter work tools, change in work technique and change in unhealthy habit are some evident to prevent from health hazards.

The banking sector of India plays a vital role in the development of economy and the growth of banking sector majorly depends upon Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). NPAs is one of the crucial tool to evaluate the financial position of different banks. NPAs is a loan and an advance for which the principle and interest payment remain overdue for a period of 90 days. The purpose of this article is an attempt to analyse the trends of NPAs on the banking sector especially considering the State bank of India (SBI) for the period of 2012-2022. The data used for writing this article has been collected from secondary sources. KEYWORDS: Non Performing Assets (NPA), banking sector, State Bank of India (SBI), financial position, economic development.

Abstract: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a chaperone protein that prevents many other proteins from aggregating by folding them in a certain way. Hsp90 consists of three structural domains: N-terminal, middle and C-terminal domains. Hsp90 has many activities in numerous proteins and signaling pathways like chimeric fusion proteins, steroid hormone receptors, tumor suppressor genes, and cell cycle regulatory proteins. The role of Hsp90 is not only in cancer but also in other diseases like COVID-19, leishmaniasis, diabetes, flavi virus, systemic sclerosis, grass carp reovirus, psoriasis, malaria, cardiac fibrosis, and alcohol-related liver diseases. This review is a compilation of the pharmacological profile of Hsp90 inhibitors, problems associated with them, and suggested remedies for the same.

Introduction: Due to COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, a lot of countries are under lockdown for more than30 days. The study is about the physical activity and emotional status of college students and the workingsector for 1 month lockdown.Aim: To check the physical and emotional status of college students and in the working sector, while theresponse is either positive or negative towards the health concern.Method: A web survey was used which is based on IPAQ and PERS scales by 150 candidates.Result: IPAQ show the physical activity perform by the 150 candidates where the maximum candidate wasof low activity and PERS shows the positive and negative reactivity of the candidates where the negativereactivity was high than positive reactivity.Conclusion: The low physical activity stimulates the negative reactivity

Purpose: The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the urban Indianpopulation during the period of national lockdown imposed by the government of India to combat theCOVID-19 pandemicMethod: Total 278 participants were participated in an online, cross-sectional survey. Anxiety and depressionwas assessed. Gender, age, occupation and average time spent on gathering information on COVID-19 wasassessed.Results: less than 30 years of age and students showed higher prevalence of depression. Participantsspending more than three hours on COVID-19 information showed that 18.2%, 42.4% and 37.9% weremildly, moderately and severely affected by anxiety symptoms, respectively and 19.7%, 47% and 24.2%were mildly, moderately and severely affected with depression. Further, more than three hours of time spenton COVID-19 showed strong association with mild, moderate and severe anxiety (p

Background: Footwear has an essential role in raising well-being of any person. Many females have wearheel or flat footwear on their daily basis as if they are working or not. Footwear creates discomfort whichleads to pain in foot, and results in alteration of balance. Most of the working places requires prolongedperiod of standing which is possibly associated with musculoskeletal disorders,likely affects our health andacute trauma from the working places. Prolonged sitting and standing can directly affect the weight-bearingjoints majorly the hip, knee and ankle joint which in turn leads to deformities and effects balance. Changesin this composite system results in the risk of falls and loss of stability.Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the effects of footwear in young female’s posturalbalance in prolonged standing and sitting job.Materials and Method: 100 healthy females were taken for the study age 18-35 years but only 60 wereselected for the study. The subject had to perform Rhomberg test and tandem walk for balance assessment.Result: On analysis, it was found that in rhomberg balance test, 73.33% population were positive with thetest. 8.33% population were positive with the eyes opened and 65% population were positive with the eyesclosed and in tandem walk, 31.66% population is positive who were unable to complete the test.Conclusion: In conclusion, the balance tests shows that, wearing footwear for prolonged hours of standingand sitting job,states that the balance and postural control worsening which is associated with decreasein postural stability and increase in the risk of falls.. According to the study balance is more effected inprolonged sitting than in prolonged standing

Background and Aim: Nurses are the main part of the health work force, performing their duties as frontline warriors against the novel coronavirus pandemic. Nurses involved in the care of infected (COVID-19) patients, may feel more discomfort physically, and experience greater psychological morbidities. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and stress among nurses in a designated COVID-19 hospital and variables that influence these psychological problems. Materials and Methods: Nurses working in the designated tertiary care hospital were invited to participate in an online cross-sectional survey (dated, 5–15 September 2020). A total sample size of 236 was calculated. A self-administered questionnaire regarding sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19-related experiences, perceived threat regarding COVID-19 and two scales (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 and Perceived Stress Scale-10) for assessment of anxiety, and stress was applied to nurses. Chi-square test and multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the predictors (risk and protective) of psychological morbidities in nurses. Results: On analysis of 209 participants, it was revealed that 65 (31.1%) participants have anxiety symptoms and 35.40% have moderate-to-high level of stress. Being proud of working in this profession was the only protective factor from such psychological morbidities. The identified risk factors for greater anxiety symptoms and moderate-to-high level stress were working experience of more than 10 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.36), direct involvement in care of suspected/diagnosed patients (OR = 3.4), feeling worried about being quarantined/isolated (OR = 1.69), and high risk of being infected at job (OR = 2.3 for anxiety and OR = 2.1 for moderate-to-high stress). Conclusions: Deteriorating psychic health of nurses is one of the major outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic in India which warrants the necessity of providing psychological support to all the nurses particularly those who are frontline workers and have working experience of more than 10 years and controlling the risk factors related to these problems.

Objectives Oxidative stress is a major cellular burden that triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants that modulate signalling mechanisms. Byproducts generated from this process govern the brain pathology and functions in various neurological diseases. As oxidative stress remains the key therapeutic target in neurological disease, it is necessary to explore the multiple routes that can significantly repair the damage caused due to ROS and consequently, neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is the critical player of oxidative stress that can also be used as a therapeutic target to combat NDDs. Key findings Several antioxidants signalling pathways are found to be associated with oxidative stress and show a protective effect against stressors by increasing the release of various cytoprotective enzymes and also exert anti-inflammatory response against this oxidative damage. These pathways along with antioxidants and reactive species can be the defined targets to eliminate or reduce the harmful effects of neurological diseases. Summary Herein, we discussed the underlying mechanism and crucial role of antioxidants in therapeutics together with natural compounds as a pharmacological tool to combat the cellular deformities cascades caused due to oxidative stress

Public speaking anxiety (PSA) ranks as a top social phobia across the world caused by various confounding factors. Motivated by the inherent data sparsity and lack of annotations in human-related applications, we propose unsupervised learning techniques to estimate PSA from speech signals. The labeled source data come from the publicly available CREMA-D dataset, while the unlabeled target data come from real-life public speaking tasks. Since fear is one of the major factors of PSA, the goal of this study is to build fear-specific representations from the labeled source data to estimate the degree of fear in the target data, and examine the extent to which the latter is associated with anxiety during the public speaking encounter. Transfer learning is performed through the domain-adversarial neural network (DANN) and Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN). Results indicate that the proposed unsupervised fear- specific estimates can detect public speaking anxiety with Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.28 (p

Public speaking is key to effectively exchanging ideas, persuading others, and making tangible impact. Yet, public speaking anxiety ranks as a top social phobia in the U.S., especially among first generation college students, and those who belong to underrepresented or minority groups. This paper uses physiological signals captured from wearable devices to detect self-reported state-based anxiety during a real-life public speaking encounter. Individual and contextual factors moderating the association between physiological reactivity and state-based public speaking anxiety are taken into account. Such factors include indices of trait-based anxiety, level of preparation, and gender. Results highlight the significance of including such factors for detecting public speaking anxiety and indicate that the proposed approach can yield up to 0.79 (p

Public speaking is key to effectively exchanging ideas, persuading others, and making a tangible impact. Yet, public speaking anxiety (PSA) ranks as a top social phobia among many people. This paper leverages bio-behavioural indices captured from wearable devices and virtual reality (VR) interfaces to quantify PSA. The significance of individual-specific factors, such as general trait anxiety and personality, as well as contextual factors, such as age, gender, highest education, and native language, in moderating the association between bio-behavioral indices and PSA is further examined through group-based machine learning models. Results highlight the importance of including such factors for detecting PSA with the proposed group-based PSA models yielding Spearman's correlation of 0.55(p < 0.05) between the actual and predicted state-based anxiety scores. This work further analyzes whether systematic exposure to public speaking tasks in the VR environment can help alleviate PSA. Results indicate that systematic exposure to public speaking in VR can alleviate PSA in terms of both self-reported (p < 0.05) and physiological (p < 0.05) indices. Findings of this study will enable researchers to better understand antedecedents and causes of PSA contributing to behavioral interventions using VR.

The real-time industrial systems are continuously subjected to time-varying load and other disturbances. The induction motors are extensively used in numerous applications due to rugged construction and need for low maintenance. However, the induction motors are categorized by intricate, extremely nonlinear, and time-varying dynamics and henceforth maintaining their speed is a stimulating problematic in engineering. This paper is grounded on the performance improvement of induction motor subjected to disturbances by means of proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller parameters are optimized using PID tuner software available in MATLAB. The simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed scheme.

Big data captured through sensory-integrated devices present a unique opportunity for emerging applications in urban research towards understanding, quantifying, and promoting aspects of the urban environment based on the residents' needs. We examine the effect of various built environmental features of the urban environment on individuals emotional distress, as captured through self-assessment indices and physiological measures. Through statistical analysis, we study potential associations between signal-based electrodermal activity (EDA) measures and self-reports. We further propose a novel saliency detection mechanism for physiological signals, according to which prominence of an EDA segment is calculated based on its distance metrics from the remaining signal segments. Results indicate that the signal-based and self-reported indices of emotional distress, as depicted in relation to various built environmental features, are weakly but significantly correlated. Visual inspection of the saliency-based measures further suggests that the hypothesized "emotional distress hotspots" of the urban environment, such as discontinuous sidewalks, threatening noise, and housing with broken features, elicit distinct physiological responses for the majority of participants in the experiments. These suggest the feasibility of physiological measures for quantifying emotional distress caused by the built environment and provide a foundation for the development of signal-based indices of the human felt-sense in urban settings.

Well Differentiated Papillary Mesothelioma (WDPM) is an uncommon neoplasm of the paratesticular area usually presents as hydrocele. Here we report a rare case of benign papillary mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis presented as hydrocele with singly polypoidal grossly papillary lesion with multiple foci in the hydrocele sac. Histologically tumor shows branching papillary structures with fibro vascular core and cytologically bland nuclei without any mitosis, necrosis or area of invasion. In addition histochemistry is done to differentiate it with other papillary neoplasm. WDPM must be distinguished from the aggressive lesion to avoid unnecessary treatment.