1. The Genome Sequence of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae
- Author
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Mei Wang, Frank H. Collins, Yong Liang, José M. C. Ribeiro, Zhijian Tu, Jason R. Miller, Mark Yandell, Pantelis Topalis, Hongguang Shao, Qi Zhao, Hamilton O. Smith, Ali N Dana, Zhaoxi Ke, J. Craig Venter, Deborah R. Nusskern, Christos Louis, Ivica Letunic, Brian P. Walenz, Granger G. Sutton, Patrick Wincker, Anastasios C. Koutsos, Paul T. Brey, Ewan Birney, Jean Weissenbach, Fotis C. Kafatos, Cheryl A. Evans, Kerry J. Woodford, Dana Thomasova, Eugene W. Myers, Stephen L. Hoffman, Kokoza Eb, Josep F. Abril, Randall Bolanos, Megan A. Regier, Holly Baden, George K. Christophides, Véronique de Berardinis, Jingtao Sun, James R. Hogan, Kabir Chatuverdi, Ron Wides, Emmanuel Mongin, Igor F. Zhimulev, Steven L. Salzberg, Danita Baldwin, Richard J. Mural, Shiaoping C. Zhu, Anibal Cravchik, Jhy-Jhu Lin, G. Mani Subramanian, Young S. Hong, Shuang Cai, Francis Kalush, Rosane Charlab, Martin Wu, Claudia Blass, Mark Raymond Adams, Robert A. Holt, Clark M. Mobarry, Douglas B. Rusch, Michael Flanigan, Jim Biedler, Susanne L. Hladun, Ping Guan, Cynthia Sitter, Joel A. Malek, Mario Coluzzi, Cynthia Pfannkoch, Arthur L. Delcher, Alessandra della Torre, Maria F. Unger, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Stephan Meister, Karin A. Remington, Peter W. Atkinson, Malcolm J. Gardner, Vladimir Benes, Ian M. Dew, Maria V. Sharakhova, X. Wang, Hongyu Zhang, Jian Wang, Jeffrey Hoover, Cheryl L. Kraft, Charles Roth, Andrew G. Clark, Shaying Zhao, Jyoti Shetty, Tina C. McIntosh, Aihui Wang, Zhiping Gu, Aaron L. Halpern, Anne Grundschober-Freimoser, David A. O'Brochta, Peter Arensburger, Brendan J. Loftus, Lucas Q. Ton, Véronique Anthouard, Mary Barnstead, John Lopez, Peer Bork, Didier Boscus, Michele Clamp, Jennifer R. Wortman, Claire M. Fraser, Lisa Friedli, William H. Majoros, Thomas J. Smith, Olivier Jaillon, Val Curwen, Samuel Broder, Sean D. Murphy, Roderic Guigó, Neil F. Lobo, Mathew A. Chrystal, Alison Yao, Alex Levitsky, Renee Strong, Maureen E. Hillenmeyer, Zhongwu Lai, Chinnappa D. Kodira, Rong Qi, and Zdobnov, Evgeny
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Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ,Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ,Mosquito Control ,Proteome ,Enzymes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ,Anopheles gambiae ,Genes, Insect ,Genome ,Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Expressed Sequence Tags ,Genetics ,Expressed sequence tag ,Multidisciplinary ,Physical Chromosome Mapping ,Biological Evolution ,Enzymes ,Blood ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Insect Proteins ,Digestion ,Sequence analysis ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Species Specificity ,Anopheles ,Genetic variation ,Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/physiology ,Animals ,Humans ,Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ,Malaria, Falciparum/transmission ,Gene ,Anopheles/classification/genetics/parasitology/physiology ,Whole genome sequencing ,Haplotype ,Computational Biology ,Genetic Variation ,Feeding Behavior ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Insect Vectors ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Haplotypes ,Chromosome Inversion ,DNA Transposable Elements ,Insect Vectors/genetics/parasitology/physiology ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector of malaria, a disease that afflicts more than 500 million people and causes more than 1 million deaths each year. Tenfold shotgun sequence coverage was obtained from the PEST strain of A. gambiae and assembled into scaffolds that span 278 million base pairs. A total of 91% of the genome was organized in 303 scaffolds; the largest scaffold was 23.1 million base pairs. There was substantial genetic variation within this strain, and the apparent existence of two haplotypes of approximately equal frequency (“dual haplotypes”) in a substantial fraction of the genome likely reflects the outbred nature of the PEST strain. The sequence produced a conservative inference of more than 400,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that showed a markedly bimodal density distribution. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed strong evidence for about 14,000 protein-encoding transcripts. Prominent expansions in specific families of proteins likely involved in cell adhesion and immunity were noted. An expressed sequence tag analysis of genes regulated by blood feeding provided insights into the physiological adaptations of a hematophagous insect.
- Published
- 2002
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