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Deze rapportage beschrijft de modelinvoer van de modellen die in het Nationaal Water Model (NWM) zijn opgenomen (t.w. LHM en LSM), voor de Deltascenario’s 2024 en de nieuwe Referentie voor het Deltaprogramma Zoetwater (DPZW). De Deltascenario’s en Referentie worden vervolgens (buiten dit project) doorgerekend. Deze zogenaamde Basisprognoses worden daarna o.a. geanalyseerd in de Knelpuntenanalyse Zoetwater van het DPZW. De Deltascenario’s zijn toekomstscenario’s van Nederland, met een focus op klimaatverandering en de socio-economische ontwikkelingen. Onzekerheden met betrekking tot klimaatverandering enerzijds en de sociaaleconomische en ruimtelijke ontwikkelingen anderzijds bepalen de bandbreedte van de opgaven voor waterveiligheid, zoetwaterbeschikbaarheid en ruimtelijke adaptatie. De gehanteerde zichtjaren voor de modelinvoer zijn 2050 en 2100.

Een van de doelen van het Deltaprogramma Zoetwater is om bij te dragen aan een ‘gezond en evenwichtig water- en bodemsysteem’. In lijn met de Kabinetsbrief ‘Water en Bodem sturend’ wordt gestreefd naar het verhogen van grondwaterstanden en kwelfluxen in en om grondwaterafhankelijke natuurgebieden, zodat deze (veelal verdroogde) natuurgebieden kunnen herstellen. Dit rapport laat zien in hoeverre de grootte én inrichting van bufferzones rondom grondwaterafhankelijke natuurgebieden in de zandgronden bijdraagt aan het verhogen van grondwaterstanden en/of vergroten van de kwelflux in die natuurgebieden. De hoofdvraag in dit rapport is: wat is het effect van verschillende combinaties en dimensionering van maatregelen binnen bufferzones rondom grondwaterafhankelijke natuur in de hoge zandgronden op de grondwaterstanden en de kwelflux in deze natuurgebieden?

Contains fulltext : 231774.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : 245537.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Exercise intervention studies in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have demonstrated inconsistent yet promising results. Addressing the limitations of previous studies, this trial investigated the effects of a 12-month structured exercise program on the progression of MCI. The NeuroExercise study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial across three European countries (Ireland, Netherlands, Germany). Hundred and eighty-three individuals with amnestic MCI were included and were randomized to a 12-month exercise intervention (3 units of 45 min) of either aerobic exercise (AE; n = 60), stretching and toning exercise (ST; n = 65) or to a non-exercise control group (CG; n = 58). The primary outcome, cognitive performance, was determined by an extensive neuropsychological test battery. For the primary complete case (CC) analyses, between-group differences were analyzed with analysis of covariance under two conditions: (1) the exercise group (EG = combined AE and ST groups) compared to the CG and (2) AE compared to ST. Primary analysis of the full cohort (n = 166, 71.5 years; 51.8% females) revealed no between-group differences in composite cognitive score [mean difference (95% CI)], 0.12 [(-0.03, 0.27), p = 0.13] or in any cognitive domain or quality of life. VO(2) peak was significantly higher in the EG compared to the CG after 12 months [-1.76 (-3.39, -0.10), p = 0.04]. Comparing the two intervention groups revealed a higher VO(2)peak level in the aerobic exercise compared to the stretching and toning group, but no differences for the other outcomes. A 12-month exercise intervention did not change cognitive performance in individuals with amnestic MCI in comparison to a non-exercise CG. An intervention effect on physical fitness was found, which may be an important moderator for long term disease progression and warrants long-term follow-up investigations. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show

© 2019 Human Kinetics, Inc. Physiological and psychological demands during training and competition generate fatigue and reduce an athlete’s sport-specific performance capacity. The magnitude of this decrement depends on several characteristics of the exercise stimulus (eg, type, duration, and intensity), as well as on individual characteristics (eg, fitness, profile, and fatigue resistance). As such, the time required to fully recover is proportional to the level of fatigue, and the consequences of exercise-induced fatigue are manifold. Whatever the purpose of the ensuing exercise session (ie, training or competition), it is crucial to understand the importance of optimizing the period between exercise bouts in order to speed up the regenerative processes and facilitate recovery or set the next stimulus at the optimal time point. This implies having a fairly precise understanding of the fatigue mechanisms that contribute to the performance decrement. Failing to respect an athlete’s recovery needs may lead to an excessive accumulation of fatigue and potentially "nonfunctional overreaching" or to maladaptive training. Although research in this area recently increased, considerations regarding the specific time frames for different physiological mechanisms in relation to exercise-induced fatigue are still missing. Furthermore, recommendations on the timing and dosing of recovery based on these time frames are limited. Therefore, the aim of this article is to describe time courses of recovery in relation to the exercise type and on different physiological levels. This summary supports coaches, athletes, and scientists in their decision-making process by considering the relationship of exercise type, physiology, and recovery.