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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a serious, long-lasting disease that is characterized by high blood sugar levels, leading to more severe complications involving other organ systems of the body. Diabetes is becoming more common worldwide. Managing diabetes can be complicated, but many people, especially in Saudi Arabia, often use traditional herbal medicines to treat the condition. Our study concentrates on assessing the safety of commonly used antidiabetic herbs in Saudi Arabia by examining their potential toxicity. Method: Using keywords and their variations, we conducted a systematic search of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to find studies on treatments based on antidiabetic herbs and their toxic effects from 2014 to 2024. Result: Our study revealed that the use of medicinal plants for treating and managing diabetes along with its complications is becoming popular around the globe. These medicinal plants are also being used as primary sources of developing modern pharmaceutical antidiabetic drugs. Phytotherapy is safe to treat diabetes as herbal bioactive components act through many biological pathways. They may inhibit a-glucosidase enzyme, enhance GLUT-4 translocation, and also improve lipid profile. Conclusion: The use of natural plants having medicinal properties is popular for the treatment of diabetes. Claims of their usefulness by traditional healers are being supported by scientific evidence also. To determine the right dosage of these medicinal herbs, cytotoxicity tests or short-term experiments are done to establish doses of plants used in vitro and in vivo. Toxicity concerns are a primary reason why healthcare professionals hesitate to incorporate herbal products into the healthcare system. That's why it is necessary to screen such plants for their toxicity to differentiate pharmacological efficacy from adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The outcome of patient care in healthcare settings is influenced predominantly by healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Hand hygiene is the single most essential component in avoiding HAIs. Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the awareness and knowledge about hand hygiene among the healthcare personnel in the Dawadmi Region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was carried out between May till September 2021. The tool (Questionnaire) was adopted from World Health Organization's Hand Hygiene Knowledge and awareness Questionnaire (revised in 2009), validated according to CROSS (Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies) check list. Results: A total of 300 participants were randomly enrolled, 60 were nursing assistants, 140 nurses, and 100 residents, were enrolled in this study. With respect to years of experience in hand washing, 123 participants had 1-5 years (41%), 6-10 years (80%), 11-20 years (77%), and greater than 30 years of participation (6.67%). Concerning the education of hand washing and hygiene, training programs were attended by 230 participants (76.67%), and 70 participants (23.33%) did not attend the latest training program conducted by each institution. Most of them (83.33%) were using alcohol for hand hygiene. Conclusions: This study has clearly shown the requirement of an in-depth appraisal of important issues of compliance and patient safety. Educational interventions to recognize the hand hygiene opportunities, improved availability of hand hygiene facilities and multifaceted approach to tackle various barriers (poor attitude, workload, etc) of adherence are needed to be accorded priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Videostroboscopy has become an important tool for evaluating the mucosal structure of vocal cord.The objective of this study was todocument the stroboscopic findings of vocal cord in newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients. Materials and methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted among newly diagnosed hypothyroid subjects visiting endocrinology OPD at Sri Ramachandra hospital, Chennai. In the absence of any data with respect to stroboscopic analysis of primary hypothyroid subjects it was decided to undertake a pilot study of fifty hypothyroid subjects with an equal number of age and sex matched euthyroid controls. Primary hypothyroidism was diagnosed on the basis of Serum TSH >10mIU/L and low free t4 (FT4).Visualisation of the larynx was done using a videostroboscope . Results: Vocal cord edema (22%), erythema and oedema of inter arytenoid region,erythema of posterior supraglotiis (14%) were the frequent structural changes seen in hypothyroid cases. The study showed a decrease in mucosal wave and amplitude, with asymmetry of vocal fold vibrations and incomplete closure of vocal cord in hypothyroid patientswhen compared tocontrols.It was also observed that the incidence of features suggestive of LPR (stroboscopic findings) was more in hypothyroid cases when compared to controls. Conclusion:The present study helped us to see and record the various subtle changes in the vocal cord of newly diagnosed hypothyroid cases.It gave us an insight in understanding the dynamics involved in voice physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]