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Introduction: We present a relationship‐centred shared‐decision‐making (RCSDM) process model to explicate factors that shape decision‐making processes during physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) encounters among patients, their care partners and practitioners. Existing shared decision‐making (SDM) models fall short in addressing the everyday decisions routinely made regarding persons with chronic disabilities who require high levels of support, their care partners and rehabilitation practitioners. In PMR, these everyday decisions are small scale, immediate and in service to a larger therapeutic goal. They can be thought of as micro‐decisions and involve multiple practitioners, care partners and patients. How micro‐decisions are made in this context is contingent on multiple roles and relationships among these relevant parties. Our model centres on micro‐decisions among patients, their care partners and practitioners based on our disorders of consciousness (DoC) research. Methods: To develop our model, we examined peer‐reviewed literature in SDM in PMR, chronic disability and person‐centeredness; formed collaborations and co‐created our constructs with rehabilitation practitioners and with care partners who have lived experience of caring for persons with DoC; analysed emerging empirical data and vetted early versions with expert scientific and clinical audiences. Our model builds from the core tenets of relational autonomy, and scholarship and activism of disability advocates. Findings: Our model conceptualizes four non‐hierarchical levels of analysis to understand the process of micro‐decision‐making in chronic disability and medical rehabilitation: social forces (historical and sociological); roles and relationships (multiple and intersecting); relational dimensions (interactional and contextual) and micro‐decision moments (initiation, response and closure). Discussion: Relationships among patients, their care partners and practitioners are the intersubjective milieu within which decisions are made. Our conceptual model explicates the process of micro‐decision‐making in PMR. Patient or Public Contribution: Care partners (or caregivers) and rehabilitation practitioners are active members of our team. We work together to develop research projects, collect, analyse and disseminate data. The conceptual model we present in this manuscript was co‐created—input from care partners and practitioners on previously collected data became the impetus to develop the RCSDM process model and share co‐authorship in this manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01237_8.x Byline: Albert J. Meehan (1) Author Affiliation: (1)Oakland University

Universities using closed circuit television (CCTV) systems often tout its deterrent role when justifying the use of this technology. Using a sample of 336 U.S. universities, we examine the relationship between CCTV and reported crime rates using Clery Act crime data to discern whether CCTV has a deterrent impact on campus crime, controlling for other variables. We find that CCTV appears to have little to no impact. Rather, crime rates are associated with location (suburban, urban, rural), institutional control (public, private), student population density, level of tuition and fees, student-body demographics (e.g., gender, race), and crime control practices other than CCTV (e.g., scheduled security patrols, student transportation/escort services). These relationships differ by type of crime (e.g., property vs. violent). Implications for policy and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

States that social services in the urban areas of the United States are mostly conducted by younger workers with limited training, whose backgrounds are different from the client population, according to a study conducted. Why social work supervision and training is essential; Goal of the study; Detailed findings of a study.

The article examines the interactional construction of game openings as a particular form of social competence--the accomplishment and recognition of rule substitutions in everyday life guided by conversational preference orders. The article considered the following issues: (1) the problem of defining play/games as a social form; (2) the characteristics of game opening moves; and (3) the claim that there is a conversational preference which operates as a general interpretive resource and explains the recognizability of game opening moves. It has been argued that utterances can be heard for their game relevance without depending upon explicit markers, affect, or shared personal knowledge, (other than, of course, a shared knowledge of language and general conversational expectations). While these may be present in some game openings, they cannot account for the general recognizability of utterances as game-opening moves. The preference order provides for rule shifts that not only constitute the recognizability of play/games, but are important to the development of the competence to manage problematic behavior in everyday life. The article also serves as an illustration of how a methodological focus on the detailed analysis of utterances can provide insights into social competency and social forms both in the play/game setting and in other more serious social settings.

This article describes the record-keeping practices of two suburban police departments. It is argued that the projected organizational career and anticipated use of a record shapes its form and content in significant ways. Police officers orient, as record keepers, to the prospective uses and careers of the documents they produce. Record work also includes understanding the role of the officer's personal records and the interactional “running record” to the organization. In sum, understanding the production and use of these various records is indispensable to making sense of what the record “really” means. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]