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Introduction: Dementia is a progressive, chronic, and incurable neurodegenerative disorder, with a prevalence that increases with age (Kapo et al. 2011). Case report presentation: 34 years old man has been suffering several years from sleep disorder of unknown origin, later movement disorders, uncontrolled arms, legs jerking, which was followed by memory impairment, which in oneyear period rapidly progressed. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain points to neurodegenerative disorder and Alzheimer disease (AD) is quite possible. Laboratory examination is not specific to AD and, thus, the diagnosis of AD couldn't be based on biomarkers. The patient's clinical presentation could comply with Dementia with Lewy body and Parkinson's disease dementia but with a high probability any of these diagnoses cannot be held. Laboratory testing ruled out Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, neuromuscular disease and autoimmune encephalitis. Huntington's chorea and Wilson's disease were excluded through genetic testing. The diagnosis of early sporadic Alzheimer's dementia had been established according to NINDCA-ARDA criteria. Conclusions: In the presence of dementia, clinical overlap poses significant challenges in differential diagnosis and, brain biopsy is essential to obtain a definitive diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]