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Introduction: Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is now known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses in patients with proven CVD, cardiovascular risk factors but no CVD (CRF), and in healthy controls (control group). Material and methods: A case-control study was carried out with 69 volunteers from the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico. Clinical parameters, lipid profile, PON1 concentration, PON1 activities (AREase and CMPAase), and HDL subclasses were evaluated. Results: Patients with CVD had significantly higher glucose and lower total cholesterol than the control group had (p < 0.01). AREase activity was not different between the control (122.57 ±30.72 U/ml), CRF (115.81 ±32.81 U/ml), and CVD (109.34 ±29.60 U/ml) groups. PON1 concentration was significantly lower in CVD patients than in CRF and control patients (p < 0.001); a positive correlation was observed between AREase activity and PON1 concentration in the CVD group (Rho = 0.58; p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease in PON1 level was associated with the CVD group (RRR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.09-0.45) but not with the CRF group (RRR = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.89-1.90). Significant differences were observed in HDL 2a and HDL 3a concentrations between the control group and CRF and CVD groups (p < 0.05), but not between the CRF and CVD groups. Conclusions: Our data suggest that PON1 status and HDL characteristics could be early biomarkers that predict the potential for developing CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a calcium-dependent esterase synthesized primarily in the liver and secreted into the plasma where it is associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). PON1 hydrolyzes and detoxifies some toxic metabolites of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) such as methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos. Thus, PON1 activity and expression levels are important for determining susceptibility against OPs poisoning. Some studies have demonstrated that OPs can modulate gene expression through interactions with nuclear receptors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos on the modulation of PON1 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cells by real-time PCR, PON1 activity assay, and western blot. The results showed that the treatments with methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos decreased PON1 mRNA and immunoreactive protein and increased inflammatory cytokines in HepG2 cells. The effects of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos on the downregulation of PON1 gene expression in HepG2 cells may provide evidence of OPs cytotoxicity related to oxidative stress and an inflammatory response. A decrease in the expression of the PON1 gene may increase the susceptibility to OPs intoxication and the risk of diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 490-500, 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is now known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses in patients with proven CVD, cardiovascular risk factors but no CVD (CRF), and in healthy controls (control group)., Material and Methods: A case-control study was carried out with 69 volunteers from the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico. Clinical parameters, lipid profile, PON1 concentration, PON1 activities (AREase and CMPAase), and HDL subclasses were evaluated., Results: Patients with CVD had significantly higher glucose and lower total cholesterol than the control group had ( p < 0.01). AREase activity was not different between the control (122.57 ±30.72 U/ml), CRF (115.81 ±32.81 U/ml), and CVD (109.34 ±29.60 U/ml) groups. PON1 concentration was significantly lower in CVD patients than in CRF and control patients ( p < 0.001); a positive correlation was observed between AREase activity and PON1 concentration in the CVD group (Rho = 0.58; p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease in PON1 level was associated with the CVD group (RRR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.09-0.45) but not with the CRF group (RRR = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.89-1.90). Significant differences were observed in HDL 2a and HDL 3a concentrations between the control group and CRF and CVD groups ( p < 0.05), but not between the CRF and CVD groups., Conclusions: Our data suggest that PON1 status and HDL characteristics could be early biomarkers that predict the potential for developing CVD., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Objective: In Mexico cervical cancer (CC) is the most common cause of death from neoplasia in women. Study aimed to analyze the current distribution of Human papillomavirus (HPV) types in women from Nayarit, Mexico, with Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and Cervical cancer (CC)., Methodology: Between January 2011 and July 2013, cervical samples were collected from female residents of the Mexican state of Nayarit and were analyzed by means of a LINEAR ARRAY® HPV genotyping test. Data analyses were performed using Stata ver. 8.0 statistical software., Results: Of the samples analyzed, 91.2%, HPV DNA was detected. Of these positive samples, 82% were High-risk (HR) viral types. The most prevalent HPV genotypes identified were 16, 58, 31, 18, and 70. Forty two percent of participants had a single infection, while 23 and 26% of participants were infected with two or more HPV genotypes, respectively. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype identified and was frequently present as a co-infection with HPV types 18, 51, 52, 59, 66, or 70., Conclusion: Women <20 years of age were most often infected with HPV, and the HPV Quadrivalent vaccine (types 16, 18, 6, and 11), currently available in Mexico, no confers protection against a subset of the HPV genotypes identified in the present study (58, 31, 70, and 35). Thus, it is important evaluate the geographical distribution of specific HPV genotypes in all health of center across Mexico in order to implement a successful vaccination program and to diagnose CC in its early stages.

Background: The incidences of breast cancer (BC) and cervico-uterine cancer (CC) vary widely from country to country. In Mexico, BC mortality has doubled in the last 20 years to become the second leading cause of death for women aged 30 to 54 years. CC is the most common cause of death from neoplasia in women over 25 years old. In 2006, the state of Nayarit had one of the highest mortality rates for these types of cancers in Mexico., Objective: To analyze and characterize the current demographics and morbidities associated with BC and CC in the state of Nayarit., Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical histories of patients who were diagnosed with BC or CC at the State Cancer Center from January 2006 to December 2010 were analyzed., Results: A total of 406 patients with BC and 328 patients with CC were registered. The most common clinical stage for both cancer types was IIB. The municipalities of San Pedro Lagunillas and El Nayar presented the highest prevalences of BC and CC, respectively., Concluision: Our results suggest that women living in poorer and more marginalized regions have a higher possibility of developing BC and CC. Because BC and CC are preventable and treatable in their early stages, demographic information from population records for these cancers is helpful in determining the incidence rates and patterns and improving decision-making processes.