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The association between some Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) promoter polymorphisms and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial. Ethnic differences may play a role in these conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between -308G/A and -238G/A polymorphisms located in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene and T2DM in Mexican mestizo patients. Nine hundred four individuals (259 patients with T2DM and 645~controls) were genotyped for the -308G/A and -238G/A polymorphisms by PCR--RFLP. We found that the -238A allele increased the risk of developing T2DM in Mexican patients (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.07-2.29; p=0.018). Moreover, we found that the frequency of the GA haplotype (created by the -308G and -238A alleles) was significantly increased in patients with T2DM when compared with controls (OR =1.56, 95% CI: 1.05-2.31; p=0.026). Our results suggest that the -238G/A polymorphism and a specific haplotype (GA) are genetic risk factors for the development of T2DM in Mexican population.

Objective: To establish the association between high-grade intraepithelial lesions and cervical-uterine-cancer, and the infection by human papillomavirus, genetic antecedents, socioeconomics, sexual behavior and gynecology and obstetrics factors in women of the State of Nayarit, Mexico., Materials and Methods: With a case-control design were studied 66 cases of high-grade intraepithelial lesions and cervical-uterine-cancer, and 132 controls. The information upon the risk factors was obtained by the application of a structured questionnaire. Polymerase Chain Reaction executed the virus identification. In the statistical analysis the association was obtained by odds ratio. The statistical significance was evaluated by the chi-square-Fisher and Student t tests, and multivariate logistic regression was used to explain the factors' influence., Results: In women with high-risk squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical-uterine-cancer, the most frequently high-risk human papillomavirus found were: 18, 35, 58, 16, 31, 33 and 51., Conclusions: Familial data of cervical-uterine-cancer, socioeconomic level, number of sexual partners, data of sexual transmitted diseases, and infection due to human papillomavirus 18 and 35 are the factors related to high-risk squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical-uterine-cancer.