24 results on '"Medina‐Torres, C. E."'
Search Results
2. Systematic review of the putative role of herpesviruses in pulmonary fibrosis in horses and humans.
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Holley, L. C. and Medina‐Torres, C. E.
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PULMONARY fibrosis , *IDIOPATHIC pulmonary fibrosis , *HERPESVIRUS diseases , *HERPESVIRUSES , *SYMPTOMS , *HORSES - Abstract
Summary: Background: Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) and human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been compared due to their pathological similarities, poorly understood pathogenesis, poor response to therapy and high fatality rate. IPF lacks an adequate animal model for experimental investigation. Objectives: Assess EMPF as a putative candidate to investigate the clinical importance of gammaherpesviruses (γ‐HVs) and their role in lung fibrosis, aetiological potential or involvement as cofactors for disease occurrence. Study design: Quantitative systematic review. Methods: Databases were searched, following a PRISMA protocol to identify relevant publications based on predetermined criteria. The articles were examined through a data extraction form designed for this review; bias, evidence and overall strength of the articles were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed on the extracted data to prove repeatability, quantify evidence and determine the significance of studies that did not include statistics. Results: Sixteen relevant publications were identified, and gaps and patterns were recognised. Virus detection within the pulmonary parenchyma and a close association within alveolar epithelial cells highlighted herpesvirus involvement in pulmonary fibrosis in both species. Main limitations: A limited number of articles matched the inclusion criteria, and raw data and the statistical analyses details were incomplete; the authors' background in veterinary medicine may have resulted in inclusion bias. Conclusions: This systematic review demonstrates that more research on both EMPF and IPF is required, with a methodical approach to characterise the relationship between γ‐HVs and lung cells. Similarities in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of EMPF and IPF support the use of EMPF as a model to study IPF and better understand the putative role that γ‐HVs, and that genetic and epigenetic factors might play in lung fibrosis. Such research could improve our approach to therapy of pulmonary fibrosis in both species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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3. Systematic review of the putative role of herpesviruses in pulmonary fibrosis in horses and humans
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Holley, L. C., primary and Medina‐Torres, C. E., additional
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- 2021
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4. Successful treatment of a splenic abscess secondary to migrant metallic wires in a horse
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Thomson, C., primary, Archer, D., additional, Ahern, B., additional, and Medina‐Torres, C. E., additional
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- 2019
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5. Continuous digital hypothermia prevents lamellar failure in the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp model of equine laminitis
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Stokes, S. M., primary, Belknap, J. K., additional, Engiles, J. B., additional, Stefanovski, D., additional, Bertin, F. R., additional, Medina‐Torres, C. E., additional, Horn, R., additional, and Eps, A. W., additional
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- 2019
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6. Successful treatment of a splenic abscess secondary to migrant metallic wires in a horse.
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Thomson, C., Archer, D., Ahern, B., and Medina‐Torres, C. E.
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METALLIC wire ,OPERATIVE surgery ,ABSCESSES ,HORSES ,SURGICAL complications ,PATHOLOGIC neovascularization ,HORSE breeds - Abstract
Summary: This case report discusses a successful partial splenectomy for treatment of a splenic abscess in a horse. A 2‐year‐old Thoroughbred colt was hospitalised 5 weeks after an episode of severe colic that was followed by gradual weight loss and anorexia, pyrexia for 5 days and dehydration on the day of referral. A large splenic abscess was identified ultrasonographically. Following initial medical treatment, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. Multiple adhesions were released and a partial splenectomy conducted to remove the abscess. Migrant metallic wires penetrating from the small intestine into the splenic parenchyma were found to be the cause for the adhesions and the abscess. This paper summarises the potential advantages of utilising a partial vs. a total splenectomy and highlights the potential complications of these surgical procedure in equines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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7. Liver disease associated with leptospirosis in a mare
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Born, J, primary, Rohde, C, additional, Wohlsein, P, additional, and Medina-Torres, C E, additional
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- 2018
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8. Chronic gastric impaction and dilatation in horses: Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment options and pathologic findings – A case series
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Klier, J, primary, Blutke, A, additional, Emrich, D, additional, Beckmann, J, additional, Wittschorek, J, additional, and Medina-Torres, C E, additional
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- 2017
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9. Microdialysis measurements of equine lamellar perfusion and energy metabolism in response to physical and pharmacological manipulations of blood flow
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Medina‐Torres, C. E., primary, Underwood, C., additional, Pollitt, C. C., additional, Castro‐Olivera, E. M., additional, Hodson, M. P., additional, Richardson, D. W., additional, and van Eps, A. W., additional
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- 2015
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10. Microdialysis measurements of lamellar perfusion and energy metabolism during the development of laminitis in the oligofructose model
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Medina‐Torres, C. E., primary, Underwood, C., additional, Pollitt, C. C., additional, Castro‐Olivera, E. M., additional, Hodson, M. P., additional, Richardson, D. W., additional, and van Eps, A. W., additional
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- 2015
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11. The effect of weightbearing and limb load cycling on equine lamellar perfusion and energy metabolism measured using tissue microdialysis
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Medina-Torres, C. E., primary, Underwood, C., additional, Pollitt, C. C., additional, Castro-Olivera, E. M., additional, Hodson, M. P., additional, Richardson, D. W., additional, and van Eps, A. W., additional
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- 2014
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12. Microdialysis measurements of equine lamellar perfusion and energy metabolism in response to physical and pharmacological manipulations of blood flow.
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Medina‐Torres, C. E., Underwood, C., Pollitt, C. C., Castro‐Olivera, E. M., Hodson, M. P., Richardson, D. W., and Eps, A. W.
- Abstract
Reasons for performing study A suitable method for evaluating lamellar perfusion changes and their metabolic consequences is currently lacking. Objectives To examine perfusion changes in lamellar tissue using serial microdialysis measurements of urea clearance and energy metabolites. Study design Randomised, controlled (within subject) experimental trial. Methods Nine Standardbred horses were instrumented with microdialysis probes in the foot lamellar tissue and skin (over the tail base). Urea (20 mmol/l) was added to the perfusate and its clearance was used to estimate local perfusion. Samples were collected every 15 min for a 1 h control period, then during application of a distal limb tourniquet, during periods when norepinephrine or potassium chloride ( KCl) were included in both skin and lamellar perfusates, and after systemic (intravenous) acetylpromazine. Dialysate concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and urea were measured and lactate:glucose (L:G) and lactate:pyruvate (L:P) ratios calculated. Values were compared with pre-intervention baseline and also between simultaneous skin and lamellar samples using nonparametric statistical methods. Results Lamellar glucose decreased and lactate, urea, L:G and L:P increased significantly with tourniquet application, without significant changes in skin dialysate values. Lamellar and skin glucose decreased and L:G increased significantly during norepinephrine infusion, but mild increases in urea were not significant at either site. KCl caused significant decreases in lamellar and skin L:G, and an increase in skin glucose, but did not affect urea clearance. Acetylpromazine caused profound decreases in lamellar glucose and L:P, with increased L:G and pyruvate, but did not affect urea clearance or any skin dialysate values. Conclusions Significant changes in microdialysis urea clearance only occurred with severe lamellar hypoperfusion. However, changes in dialysate metabolite concentrations reflected less profound fluctuations in perfusion. This method may be useful for examining lamellar perfusion and energy balance during laminitis development and for the evaluation of vasoactive therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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13. Continuous digital hypothermia initiated after the onset of lameness prevents lamellar failure in the oligofructose laminitis model
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van Eps, A. W., primary, Pollitt, C. C., additional, Underwood, C., additional, Medina‐Torres, C. E., additional, Goodwin, W. A., additional, and Belknap, J. K., additional
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- 2013
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14. Microdialysis measurements of lamellar perfusion and energy metabolism during the development of laminitis in the oligofructose model.
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Medina‐Torres, C. E., Underwood, C., Pollitt, C. C., Castro‐Olivera, E. M., Hodson, M. P., Richardson, D. W., and van Eps, A. W.
- Abstract
Reasons for performing study Failure of lamellar energy metabolism, with or without ischaemia, may be important in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated laminitis. Objectives To examine lamellar perfusion and energy balance during laminitis development in the oligofructose model using tissue microdialysis. Study design In vivo experiment. Methods Six Standardbred horses underwent laminitis induction using the oligofructose model ( OFT group) and 6 horses were untreated controls ( CON group). Microdialysis probes were placed in the lamellar tissue of one forelimb (all horses) as well as the skin dermis of the tail in OFT horses. Dialysate and plasma samples were collected every 2 h for 24 h and concentrations of energy metabolites (glucose, lactate, pyruvate) and standard indices of energy metabolism (lactate to glucose ratio [ L:G] and lactate to pyruvate ratio [ L:P]) determined. Microdialysis urea clearance was used to estimate changes in tissue perfusion. Data were analysed nonparametrically. Results Median glucose concentration decreased to <30% of baseline by 8 h in OFT lamellar (P = <0.01) and skin (P<0.01) dialysate. Lactate increased mildly in skin dialysate (P = 0.04) and plasma (P = 0.05) but not lamellar dialysate in OFT horses. Median pyruvate concentration decreased to <50% of baseline in OFT lamellar dialysate (P = 0.03). A >5-fold increase in median L:G compared with baseline occurred in OFT lamellar and skin dialysate (P<0.03). From a baseline of <20, median L:P increased to a peak of 80 in OFT skin and 38.7 in OFT lamellar dialysates (P<0.02); however, OFT lamellar dialysate L: P was not significantly different from CON. Urea concentration decreased significantly in OFT lamellar dialysate (increased urea clearance) but not in OFT skin or CON lamellar dialysate. Conclusions Increased lamellar perfusion occurred during the development of sepsis-associated laminitis in the oligofructose model. Glucose concentrations in the lamellar interstitium decreased, suggesting increased glucose consumption but there was no definitive evidence of lamellar energy failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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15. The effect of weightbearing and limb load cycling on equine lamellar perfusion and energy metabolism measured using tissue microdialysis.
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Medina‐Torres, C. E., Underwood, C., Pollitt, C. C., Castro‐Olivera, E. M., Hodson, M. P., Richardson, D. W., and Eps, A. W.
- Abstract
Reasons for performing study Lamellar perfusion is thought to be affected by weightbearing and limb load cycling; this may be critical in the development of supporting limb laminitis. Objectives To document the effects of unilateral weightbearing and altered limb load cycling on lamellar energy metabolism and perfusion. Study design Randomised, controlled (within subject), experimental trial. Methods Nine Standardbred horses were instrumented with microdialysis probes in the foot lamellar tissue and skin (over the tail base). Urea (20 mmol/l) was added to the perfusate. Samples were collected every 15 min for a 1 h control period, then during periods of unilateral weightbearing (opposite limb held off the ground for 1 h); enhanced static limb load cycling (instrumented limb lifted every 10 s for 30 min); reduced limb load cycling activity (i.v. detomidine sedation) and continuous walking (30 min). Dialysate concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and urea were measured and lactate:glucose ( L: G) and lactate:pyruvate ( L: P) ratios were calculated. For each intervention, values were compared with baseline using nonparametric statistical testing. Results Lamellar dialysate glucose increased and L: G decreased significantly during enhanced static limb load cycling. Glucose and pyruvate increased, and L: G, L: P and urea decreased significantly during walking. Simultaneous skin dialysate values did not change significantly. There were no significant dialysate changes during unilateral weightbearing or after detomidine administration, but only the latter resulted in a significant decrease in limb load cycling frequency. Conclusions Increases in limb load cycling frequency (particularly walking) caused dialysate changes consistent with increased lamellar perfusion. Unilateral weightbearing (1 h) and a sedation-induced reduction in limb load cycling frequency did not have a detectable effect on lamellar perfusion. More research is needed to confirm the role of hypoperfusion in supporting limb laminitis, but strategies to increase limb load cycling may be important for prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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16. RIGHT DORSAL COLITIS IN HORSES: 33 CASES IN AUSTRALIA.
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Flood, J., Byrne, D., Bauquier, J., Ferlini Agne, G., Wise, J. C ., Medina-Torres, C. E., Wood, K., and Stewart, A. J.
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COLITIS ,STEROIDS ,ULTRASONIC imaging ,SERUM albumin ,MORTALITY - Abstract
Introduction Right dorsal colitis (RDC) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced, protein losing enteropathy in horses associated with high mortality. Despite extensive NSAID use in Australia, reports of RDC are lacking. Aim To describe signalment, NSAID usage, clinical presentations, clinical pathology, ultrasonographic findings, treatments, and outcomes of horses diagnosed with RDC in Australia. Methods Clinical records of RDC cases were submitted by internists from Australian university teaching hospitals. Definitive diagnosis of RDC was confirmed by biopsy, surgery, or necropsy. Presumptive diagnosis of RDC must have been made by an internist, included a history of NSAID use and met ≥2 of the following criteria: diarrhoea with negative results for infectious diseases; colic with other differentials excluded or right dorsal colon mural thickening on ultrasound. Results The study included 33 horses. An overdose of NSAIDs occurred in 83% (19/23) of cases. The most common clinical presentations were diarrhoea (70%, 21/30), colic (62%, 19/31) and tachycardia (53%, 16/30). Common clinicopathological findings were hypocalcaemia (88.9%, 24/27), hypoalbuminaemia (75.9%, 22/29) and hyperlactataemia (76.6%, 13/17). The right dorsal colon wall appeared subjectively thickened in 76.7% (23/30) cases using transabdominal ultrasonography. Mortality rate was 39.4% (13/33). Relevance to Australian clinical equine practice Making a presumptive diagnosis of RDC is difficult due to non-specific clinical signs. NSAIDs should be administered within recommended dosage guidelines and client education should be encouraged. Horses with excessive or chronic NSAID administration should have regular monitoring of serum albumin concentration. Compared to previous literature, prognosis for RDC appears to be improving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
17. Equine lamellar energy metabolism studied using tissue microdialysis.
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Medina-Torres, C. E., Pollitt, C. C., Underwood, C., Castro-Olivera, E. M., Collins, S. N., Allavena, R. E., Richardson, D. W., and van Eps, A. W.
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ENERGY metabolism , *PATHOLOGICAL physiology , *LAMINITIS , *METABOLITES , *HORSE diseases - Abstract
Failure of lamellar energy metabolism may contribute to the pathophysiology of equine laminitis. Tissue microdialysis has the potential to dynamically monitor lamellar energy balance over time. The objectives of this study were to develop a minimally invasive lamellar microdialysis technique and use it to measure normal lamellar energy metabolite concentrations over 24 h. Microdialysis probes were placed (through the white line) into either the lamellar dermis (LAM) (n = 6) or the sublamellar dermis (SUBLAM) (n = 6) and perfused continuously over a 24 h study period. Probes were placed in the skin dermis (SKIN) for simultaneous comparison to LAM (n = 6). Samples were collected every 2 h and analysed for glucose, lactate, pyruvate, urea and glycerol concentrations. LAM was further compared with SUBLAM by simultaneous placement and sampling in four feet from two horses over 4 h. Horses were monitored for lameness, and either clinically evaluated for 1 month after probe removal (n = 4) or subjected to histological evaluation of the probe site (n = 10). There were no deleterious clinical effects of probe placement and the histological response was mild. Sample fluid recovery and metabolite concentrations were stable for 24 h. Glucose was lower (and lactate:glucose ratio higher) in LAM compared with SUBLAM and SKIN (P< 0.05). Pyruvate was lower in SUBLAM than SKIN and urea was lower in LAM than SKIN (P < 0.05). These differences suggest lower perfusion and increased glucose consumption in LAM compared with SUBLAM and SKIN. In conclusion, lamellar tissue microdialysis was well tolerated and may be useful for determining the contribution of energy failure in laminitis pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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18. Continuous digital hypothermia initiated after the onset of lameness prevents lamellar failure in the oligofructose laminitis model.
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Eps, A. W., Pollitt, C. C., Underwood, C., Medina‐Torres, C. E., Goodwin, W. A., and Belknap, J. K.
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Reasons for performing study Prophylactic digital hypothermia reduces the severity of acute laminitis experimentally but there is no evidence for its efficacy as a treatment once lameness has already developed. Objectives To investigate the therapeutic effects of digital hypothermia, applied after the onset of lameness, in an experimental acute laminitis model. Study design Randomised, controlled (within subject), blinded, experimental trial. Methods Eight Standardbred horses underwent laminitis induction using the oligofructose model. Once lameness was detected at the walk, one forelimb was continuously cooled ( CRYO), with the other forelimb maintained at ambient temperature ( NON-RX). Dorsal lamellar sections (proximal, middle and distal) harvested 36 h after the onset of lameness/initiation of cryotherapy were analysed by 2 blinded observers: laminitis pathology was scored (0 [normal] to 4 [severe]) and morphometric analyses performed. Results Median (interquartile range) histological scores were greater (P<0.05) in NON-RX (proximal 2.8 [2.5-4]; middle 3.5 [2-4]; distal 2.5 [2-3.8]) compared with CRYO limbs (proximal 0.5 [0.5-1.4]; middle 1 [0.6-1]; distal 0.75 [0.5-1]). There was complete physical separation of lamellar dermis from epidermis (score of 4) in 4 of the NON-RX feet at one or more section level(s), which was not observed in any CRYO sections. Histomorphometry was thus limited to sections that remained intact; there was a trend of increased total ( TELL) and secondary ( SELL) epidermal lamellar length and decreased secondary epidermal lamellar width ( SELW) in NON-RX limbs compared with CRYO at all 3 levels; differences were significant (P<0.05) for SELL and SELW in the distal sections. Conclusions Digital hypothermia reduced the severity of lamellar injury and prevented lamellar structural failure (complete dermoepidermal separation) when initiated at the detection of lameness in an acute laminitis model. This study provides the first evidence to support the use of therapeutic digital hypothermia as a treatment for acute laminitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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19. Validation of a Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Clostridium difficile Toxins in Feces of Horses with Acute Diarrhea.
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Medina-Torres, C. E., Weese, J. S., and Staempfli, H. R.
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ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *CLOSTRIDIOIDES difficile , *COLITIS , *HORSE diseases , *TRADE associations , *IMMUNOASSAY - Abstract
Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a recognized cause of colitis in the horse. Identification of its toxins is important for management of individual cases and for prevention of transmission and zoonosis. In humans, CDI diagnosis is performed with enzyme immunoassays, none of which have been validated for horses. Hypothesis/Objectives: (1) Establish which test for CDI diagnosis was more frequently used by diagnostic laboratories, (2) determine the identified test's performance, sensitivity, and specificity, and (3) validate its use in diarrheic horses. Animals: Samples were obtained from 72 horses presented with acute diarrhea and hospitalized at the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph. Methods: A survey was conducted to establish which of the tests for CDI diagnosis in horses is most commonly used throughout North America. A questionnaire was sent to all laboratories registered in the Veterinary Infection Control Society and the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. The performance of the test was evaluated by comparison to a cell cytotoxicity assay (CTA), the accepted Gold Standard for C. difficile toxin detection. Results: The Techlab C. difficile Tox A/B II ELISA was the most frequently used test. Compared with the CTA, no significant difference was observed, and a good level of agreement (93%) was obtained. The diagnostic performance of the ELISA test was adequate (84% sensitivity and 96% specificity). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Results demonstrate that the Techlab C. difficile Tox A/B II ELISA is a reliable, adequate, and practical tool for identification of C. difficile toxins in horse feces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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20. Successful treatment of a chronic oroantral fistula infected with extensively drug resistant bacteria using long-term oesophageal tube feeding and several non-conventional treatments in a horse.
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Fletcher JR, Yuen KY, Stewart AJ, Young AC, Gibson JS, James OA, Medina-Torres CE, Forde BM, and Sole-Guitart A
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- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Enteral Nutrition veterinary, Escherichia coli, Horses, Male, Oroantral Fistula complications, Oroantral Fistula therapy, Oroantral Fistula veterinary, Horse Diseases drug therapy, Pharmaceutical Preparations
- Abstract
Background: Chronic oroantral fistulae (OAF) with secondary sinusitis can occur following repulsion of cheek teeth in horses., Case Report: An 8-year-old Andalusian cross gelding presented with an iatrogenic clinical crown fracture of tooth 209, which underwent repulsion of its apical portion (day 0). The horse was treated with intramuscular penicillin and intravenous gentamicin (5 days), followed by oral trimethoprim-sulphonamide (10 days) and then oral doxycycline (14 days). The acute iatrogenic OAF created during the initial repulsion persisted; a chronic OAF was identified on day 24. On day 48, septic sinusitis with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli was confirmed. Although susceptible to enrofloxacin in vitro, 30 days of therapy was unsuccessful. Subsequent serial cultures grew multiple MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) gram-negative microorganisms. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed multiple sequence types of E. coli, with a range of resistance and virulence genes. The orientation of the OAF, regional osteomyelitis and septic sinusitis were confirmed with computed tomography on day 70. On day 74, enteral nutrition was provided through a cervical oesophagostomy tube for 3 months for prevention of oral feed contamination. The OAF was treated with various alternative therapeutics, including apple cider vinegar, propolis and amikacin impregnated products, until resolution on day 116., Conclusion: These non-conventional therapeutics, antimicrobials and long-term oesophagostomy contributed to the successful treatment of a complicated OAF. In the future, WGS may be useful to inform antimicrobial selection when MDR or XDR organisms are identified., (© 2021 Australian Veterinary Association.)
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- 2022
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21. The effect of regional hypothermia on mechanical nociceptive thresholds in the equine distal forelimb.
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Rainger JE, Wardius S, Medina-Torres CE, Dempsey SM, Perkins N, and van Eps AW
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- Analgesia methods, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena physiology, Female, Horse Diseases therapy, Male, Prospective Studies, Analgesia veterinary, Forelimb, Horses physiology, Hypothermia, Induced veterinary, Nociception physiology, Pain Threshold physiology
- Abstract
Regional hypothermia has shown promise as analgesic in horses when used to manage painful conditions of the distal limb such as laminitis. In this prospective study, the analgesic effects of regional hypothermia were assessed using mechanical nociceptive thresholds during distal limb cooling. The study population consisted of eight healthy adult Standardbred horses, selected from a teaching herd. A distal forelimb of each horse was cooled using water immersion at the following sequential target water temperatures: 34 °C, 20 °C, 10 °C, 5 °C, 1 °C, 5 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C. Limb surface temperature was measured after 30 min at each target water temperature and the mechanical force required to elicit a response (mechanical nociceptive threshold) was determined using a pneumatic actuator. Both forelimbs of each horse were tested one week apart. At skin surface temperatures above 7 °C, there was little association between skin surface temperature and the mechanical force required to elicit a response. As the skin surface temperature decreased below 7 °C, there was a rapid increase in the force required to elicit a response (P = 0.036). Skin surface temperatures of <7 °C required water temperatures below 2 °C. The results of this study suggest that hypothermia has potential to provide distal limb analgesia in horses at skin surface temperatures below 7 °C. Further evaluation of the technique is warranted., (Crown Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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22. Essential oil spray reduces clinical signs of insect bite hypersensitivity in horses.
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Cox A, Wood K, Coleman G, Stewart AJ, Bertin FR, Owen H, Suen WW, and Medina-Torres CE
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- Animals, Horses, Ceratopogonidae, Horse Diseases, Hypersensitivity veterinary, Insect Bites and Stings veterinary, Oils, Volatile
- Abstract
Objective: To assess the efficacy of an herbal spray combining various essential oils, with a claim of mast cell stabilisation, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory, and insect repellent effects on the clinical presentation of insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) in horses., Design: Double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised, cross-over clinical trial., Methods: Twenty adult horses with clinical IBH were treated with a daily application of herbal spray or placebo for 28 days in a randomised, cross-over fashion, separated by a>28-day washout period. Horses were examined and scored prior to and after the completion of each treatment. Histopathology was performed on four horses. Owners kept daily diaries of observations., Results: The herbal spray significantly reduced the severity of all assessed parameters (pruritus, excoriations, lichenification and alopecia; P < 0.05) compared with baseline values (pretreatment) and with placebo. Owners reported improvement of pruritus in 19/20 horses (95%) with complete resolution in 17 horses (85%) following treatment. Skin biopsies showed resolution of orthokeratosis in 4/4 horses, reduced thickness of the stratum spinosum in 2/4 horses and complete resolution of histopathological abnormalities in 1/4 horses after treatment, compared with either no change or deterioration of histopathologic lesions after placebo. No side effects were observed., Conclusions: The tested herbal spray may be an effective treatment for the management of equine IBH., (© 2020 Australian Veterinary Association.)
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- 2020
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23. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based investigation of the lamellar interstitial metabolome in healthy horses and during experimental laminitis induction.
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Medina-Torres CE, van Eps AW, Nielsen LK, and Hodson MP
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- Animals, Chromatography, Liquid, Foot Diseases metabolism, Horse Diseases pathology, Horses, Inflammation metabolism, Skin chemistry, Skin metabolism, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Foot pathology, Foot Diseases veterinary, Horse Diseases metabolism, Inflammation veterinary
- Abstract
Lamellar bioenergetic failure is thought to contribute to laminitis pathogenesis but current knowledge of lamellar bioenergetic physiology is limited. Metabolomic analysis (MA) can systematically profile multiple metabolites. Applied to lamellar microdialysis samples (dialysate), lamellar bioenergetic changes during laminitis (the laminitis metabolome) can be characterised. The objectives of this study were to develop a technique for targeted MA of lamellar and skin dialysates in normal horses, and to compare the lamellar and plasma metabolomic profiles of normal horses with those from horses developing experimentally induced laminitis. Archived lamellar and skin dialysates (n = 7) and tissues (n = 6) from normal horses, and lamellar dialysate and plasma from horses given either 10 g/kg oligofructose (treatment group, OFT; n = 4) or sham (control group, CON; n = 4) were analysed. The concentrations of 44 intermediates of central carbon metabolism (CCM) were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analysed using multivariate (MVA) and univariate (UVA) analysis methods. The plasma metabolome appeared to be more variable than the lamellar metabolome by MVA, driven by malate, pyruvate, aconitate and glycolate. In lamellar dialysate, these metabolites decreased in OFT horses at the later time points. Plasma malate was markedly increased after 6 h in OFT horses. Plasma malate concentrations between OFT and CON at this time point were significantly different by UVA. MA of lamellar CCM was capable of differentiating horses developing experimental laminitis from controls. Lamellar malate, pyruvate, aconitate and glycolate, and plasma malate alone were identified as the source of differentiation between OFT and CON groups. These results highlighted clear discriminators between OFT and CON horses, suggesting that changes in energy metabolism occur locally in the lamellar tissue during laminitis development. The biological significance of these alterations requires further investigation., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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24. Continuous digital hypothermia initiated after the onset of lameness prevents lamellar failure in the oligofructose laminitis model.
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van Eps AW, Pollitt CC, Underwood C, Medina-Torres CE, Goodwin WA, and Belknap JK
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- Analgesia, Animals, Foot Diseases chemically induced, Foot Diseases prevention & control, Horse Diseases pathology, Horses, Inflammation chemically induced, Inflammation prevention & control, Lameness, Animal, Time Factors, Cryotherapy, Foot Diseases veterinary, Hoof and Claw pathology, Horse Diseases chemically induced, Inflammation veterinary, Oligosaccharides toxicity
- Abstract
Reasons for Performing Study: Prophylactic digital hypothermia reduces the severity of acute laminitis experimentally but there is no evidence for its efficacy as a treatment once lameness has already developed., Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic effects of digital hypothermia, applied after the onset of lameness, in an experimental acute laminitis model., Study Design: Randomised, controlled (within subject), blinded, experimental trial., Methods: Eight Standardbred horses underwent laminitis induction using the oligofructose model. Once lameness was detected at the walk, one forelimb was continuously cooled (CRYO), with the other forelimb maintained at ambient temperature (NON-RX). Dorsal lamellar sections (proximal, middle and distal) harvested 36 h after the onset of lameness/initiation of cryotherapy were analysed by 2 blinded observers: laminitis pathology was scored (0 [normal] to 4 [severe]) and morphometric analyses performed., Results: Median (interquartile range) histological scores were greater (P<0.05) in NON-RX (proximal 2.8 [2.5-4]; middle 3.5 [2-4]; distal 2.5 [2-3.8]) compared with CRYO limbs (proximal 0.5 [0.5-1.4]; middle 1 [0.6-1]; distal 0.75 [0.5-1]). There was complete physical separation of lamellar dermis from epidermis (score of 4) in 4 of the NON-RX feet at one or more section level(s), which was not observed in any CRYO sections. Histomorphometry was thus limited to sections that remained intact; there was a trend of increased total (TELL) and secondary (SELL) epidermal lamellar length and decreased secondary epidermal lamellar width (SELW) in NON-RX limbs compared with CRYO at all 3 levels; differences were significant (P<0.05) for SELL and SELW in the distal sections., Conclusions: Digital hypothermia reduced the severity of lamellar injury and prevented lamellar structural failure (complete dermoepidermal separation) when initiated at the detection of lameness in an acute laminitis model. This study provides the first evidence to support the use of therapeutic digital hypothermia as a treatment for acute laminitis., (© 2013 EVJ Ltd.)
- Published
- 2014
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