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High-quality crop production with minimal fertilizer inputs is a key goal for the agriculture of the future. Globally, tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops and its intensive production and breeding has been based on the application of large quantities of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Therefore, the development of N use efficient (NUE) cultivars with low N inputs needs to be addressed. Some variability in plant growth, fruit quality and NUE traits among tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties under low N supply has been reported, however, the relevance of wild relatives of tomato has not yet been assessed. In this study, we found that S. pimpinellifolium accession To-937 (SP) may be a suitable resource to increase NUE in tomato. We studied a set of 29 introgression lines (IL) from SP into the Moneymaker cultivar (MM) in different seasons to investigate the potential of SP introgressions to maintain the tomato plant performance during the growth cycle under low N input in greenhouse conditions. We identified specific regions in the SP genome, on chromosomes 1, 3 and 10, involved in the responses to N inputs of fruit production and fruit quality. Notably, the line SP_10-4 maintained vegetative biomass and fruit yield production under limiting N supply. The introgressed region contained putative candidate genes as sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP), invertases (INV) and glutamine synthase 1 (GS1) genes, implicated in C and N metabolism. Genomic and expression analyses revealed differences in coding and non-coding sequences as well as in mRNA levels in SP_10-4, suggesting that these genes might well contribute to the reported biomass responses to N. Additionally, line SP_1-4 showed stable fruit amino acid contents under both sufficient and limiting N supplies, indicating that assimilated N partitioning to the fruit is maintained in response to N. Altogether, our results confirmed the suitability of SP as a source of NUE related traits and the interest in t

Grafting in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has mainly been used to prevent damage by soil-borne pathogens and the negative effects of abiotic stresses, although productivity and fruit quality can also be enhanced using high vigor rootstocks. In the context of a low nutrients input agriculture, the grafting of elite cultivars onto rootstocks displaying higher Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) supports a direct strategy for yield maximization. In this study we assessed the use of plants overexpressing the Arabidopsis (AtCDF3) or tomato (SlCDF3) CDF3 genes, previously reported to increase NUE in tomato, as rootstocks to improve yield in the grafted scion under low N inputs. We found that the AtCDF3 gene induced greater production of sugars and amino acids, which allowed for greater biomass and fruit yield under both sufficient and limiting N supplies. Conversely, no positive impact was found with the SlCDF3 gene. Hormone analyses suggest that gibberellins (GA4), auxin and cytokinins (tZ) might be involved in the AtCDF3 responses to N. The differential responses triggered by the two genes could be related, at least in part, to the mobility of the AtCDF3 transcript through the phloem to the shoot. Consistently, a higher expression of the target genes of the transcription factor, such as glutamine synthase 2 (SlGS2) and GA oxidase 3 (SlGA3ox), involved in amino acid and gibberellin biosynthesis, respectively, was observed in the leaves of this graft combination. Altogether, our results provided further insights into the mode of action of CDF3 genes and their biotechnology potential for transgrafting approaches.

Este proyecto de innovación docente tiene como objetivo que el alumnado de las asignaturas impartidas por la Unidad docente de Lengua española en CC. de la Información en los diferentes grados impartidos en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Información (Periodismo, Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas y Comunicación Audiovisual) se familiarice con los aspectos positivos y negativos que ofrece ChatGPT. Desde su irrupción en el mes de noviembre del 2022, ChatGPT ha revolucionado el mundo de la docencia. ChatGPT es un sistema de chat basado en el modelo de lenguaje por Inteligencia Artificial (IA) GPT-3, desarrollado por la empresa OpenAI, que cuenta con más de 175 millones de parámetros. Además, está entrenado con grandes cantidades de texto para realizar tareas relacionadas con el lenguaje, tareas que pueden ir desde la traducción hasta la generación automática de texto. Su incidencia, debido a sus propias características y pese al poco tiempo que ha transcurrido desde su lanzamiento, es especialmente palpable en las carreras relacionadas con el ámbito de la comunicación. Ahora bien, hacer que el alumnado se familiarice con esta herramienta, tanto con lo positivo como con lo negativo, requiere de una serie de pasos previos. Por ello, se propone aquí una experiencia docente que incluye (i) la familiarización con ChatGPT del conjunto de profesores que forman parte del proyecto, (ii) la presentación en clase de ChatGPT, (iii) la reflexión en el aula sobre lo que representa la llegada de la IA para el alumnado y para los profesionales relacionados con la comunicación, (iv) la evaluación final de las destrezas y de la concienciación adquiridas por el alumnado y (v) compartir la experiencia con el resto de la comunidad docente complutense.

In order to account for discourse coordination in the argumentation of opinion columns, a sentence discourse structure as a constituent of a wider discourse structure is posited. Sentences are discourse units connected to other units in a process where their discourse context provides the required information and a discourse constituent structure is built. Coordination with Spanish sentence-initial y («and») has subordinationto- the-left properties in the discourse constituent structure. These properties are analyzed in terms of their focus and topic features. Discourse coordination and subordination are shown to be an effective means to build complex intermediate discourse units that represent argumentative moves in opinion columns., Para dar cuenta de la coordinación discursiva discursiva en la argumentación de la columna periodística, se propone una estructura de la oración como constituyente de una estructura más amplia del discurso. Las oraciones son unidades de discurso conectadas a otras unidades en un proceso en que su contexto discursivo proporciona la información requerida para construir una estructura de constituyentes del discurso. La coordinación con y en posición inicial tiene propiedades de subordinación a la izquierda en la estructura de constituyentes del discurso. Estas propiedades se analizan en términos de sus características de foco y tópico. Se muestra que la coordinación y subordinación discursivas constituyen un medio eficaz para construir unidades de discurso intermedias que representan movimientos argumentativos en las columnas de opinión.

Cycling Dof transcription factors (CDFs) have been involved in different aspects of plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis and tomato, one member of this family (CDF1) has recently been associated with the regulation of primary metabolism and abiotic stress responses, but their roles in crop production under open field conditions remain unknown.

LSUs (RESPONSE TO LOW SULFUR) are plant-specific proteins of unknown function that were initially identified during transcriptomic studies of the sulfur deficiency response in Arabidopsis. Recent functional studies have shown that LSUs are important hubs of protein interaction networks with potential roles in plant stress responses. In particular, LSU proteins have been reported to interact with members of the brassinosteroid, jasmonate signaling, and ethylene biosynthetic pathways, suggesting that LSUs may be involved in response to plant stress through modulation of phytohormones. Furthermore, in silico analysis of the promoter regions of LSU genes in Arabidopsis has revealed the presence of cis-regulatory elements that are potentially responsive to phytohormones such as ABA, auxin, and jasmonic acid, suggesting crosstalk between LSU proteins and phytohormones. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the LSU gene family in plants and its potential role in phytohormone responses.