Search

Published online 2024.

Published online 2024.

Published online 2024.

Published online 2024.

Published online 2024.

This article offers a longitudinal perspective on communications during election campaigns from a political-party perspective, where strategic considerations about digital media are compared across time. Our analysis is grounded on the concepts of hybridisation and data-driven campaigning, where digital technology tends to play a central role without replacing all traditional campaign features. Empirically, the study is based on a longitudinal analysis of four election campaigns in Sweden during 2010–2022. The analysis shows that Swedish political parties have gradually integrated digital campaign features in their structure and strategy. The process is not linear, but rather back and forth, as party perceptions of the importance of communication channels vary across time. The results imply a development where all parties, regardless of size and ideology, are increasingly making rational judgments of which combinations of old and new campaign methods and communication channels are most effective.

This article explores how being a small island jurisdiction affects actors in the journalism sector. The media is often referred to as the fourth estate, an institution inherently important for democracy. By scrutinizing politicians, journalists have the possibility to reveal transgressions and provide the public insight into how powerholders are performing as state officials. With this knowledge, the public can make informed decisions as to who will earn their vote in coming elections. This article studies the space for manoeuvre of investigative journalism in a small island state where the interconnectedness of people – journalists, sources, and powerholders – is a fact. It does so by studying the case of Cape Verde, a small island nation with 560 000 residents. Interviews with 12 Cape Verdian journalists from a range of the most important media outlets in the country, reveal that although freedom of expression and freedom of the press are constitutionally guaranteed, there are substantial practical limitations of free journalism. Respondents tell of widespread self-censorship, underfunding, and political interference as aspects that limit the possibility of conducting their work in a manner that would make them the watchdog institution that most of them aspire to and wish they could be., Large Lessons from Small Cases: Façade or Democracy in Kiribati, Vanuatu and São Tomé and Príncipe?

This essay suggests the concept of “deep sustainability” as a philosophical orientation for environmental communication scholars to address not only the empirical but also the ethical and ontological questions associated with sustainability. Drawing on the thoughts of deep ecology and founded in a nondual ontology with origins in perennial wisdom, it argues that in order to create a counterculture to the uncaring neoliberal order, there is a need to substantially increase awareness of the devastating implications of the dualistic discourse inherent to this order. What is required is a new and radically different worldview of “interbeing,” rooted in lived experience of the interconnectedness – oneness – of all life. Extending research in the study of sustainability discourse, this essay contends that it is only when our identity in-group becomes all-inclusive, that is, when duality dissolves, that caring for all beings, be they humans, trees, animals, or other lifeforms, comes effortlessly and with deep – lasting – sustainability as the natural result.

This paper delves into the dyadic relationships between Science Parks (SPs) and universities from the perspective of SPs. It explores various dimensions, including organizational functions, co-location, collaboration, management team activities, partnerships, and connections with university students and senior academics. A survey of 120 European SPs underscores the significance of having the University-Industry Liaison Office within the SP, fostering increased collaboration with the local university, providing career opportunities for university students, and promoting alumni network activities. Additionally, the proximity of universities and research institutions within a 50 km radius positively impacts the relationships between SPs and universities. Additionally, the paper offers several managerial implications. Establishing communication channels between SP management and universities fosters an environment that boosts the open exchange of ideas, collaborative discussions, and problem-solving. The alignment of SPs and universities' goals and objectives, particularly in areas such as research themes, industry partnerships, technology transfer, and talent development, further solidifies the mutually advantageous nature of these relationships, establishing a strong foundation for their enhancement. Within the SP environment, universities can closely collaborate with businesses, start-ups, and entrepreneurs, promoting innovation, commercializing research findings, and incubating spin-off ventures., Funding: Chalmers University of Technology

Music streaming service Spotify has recently declared that genre is becoming less important in popular music culture, linking this idea to post-identity claims. In contrast, the central argument of this article is that genre continues to matter in music streaming, where algorithmic recommendation systems remediate genre and its association with constructions of identity and difference. We examine Spotify's mediation of genre through a multimodal discourse analysis of genre metadata as presented on the website Every Noise at Once, playlist curation, and media discourse. Analysing the genres bubblegrunge and rap français (French rap), we show that the algorithmic and human processes of Spotify and its users rearticulate genre, shaping, in turn, patterns of recommendation, curation, and consumption. These processes remediate earlier constructions of identity, temporality, and place in music culture. Simultaneously, they intensify differentiation and individuation, tying in with postulations of multiplicity and diversity in neoliberalism that conceal power imbalances.

News satire has proliferated worldwide and has emerged as a valid site for public discourse. What we see today is a spectrum of news satire formats ranging from the predominantly absurd and comedic to more overtly journalistic satirical deconstructions of current affairs. This maturation of news satire as an alternative form of journalism thus underlines the necessity for further research into the journalistic roles that certain news satire formats carry out. This study assesses the journalistic roles in three international news satire formats i.e., the United States’ Last Week Tonight, the Swedish Svenska Nyheter, and the Dutch Zondag met Lubach and presents the findings of a content analysis of 150 satirical segments having aired from October 2020 to April 2023. We conclude that Western news satire displays a fairly united execution of journalistic role performances with high scores for the Advocate, Watchdog and Civic Educator roles, yet low scores for Reporter and Loyalist roles. Furthermore, we present the Comedic Interlocutor role, and discuss its place in alternative conceptions of professional journalism today. This study empirically validates that humor and entertainment are not irreconcilable with a factual, civically engaged, critical kind of journalistic coverage.

At a time when disasters, pandemics, pollution, and other crises gain prominence, local governments bear a crucial responsibility for effective risk communication. Yet, there remains a gap in our understanding of how municipalities approach risk communication before a crisis occurs. This qualitative study, involving seven focus groups and 29 semistructured interviews across two Nordic countries, raises questions about ownership of municipal risk communication: What challenges do municipalities face in managing ownership in risk communication? How does the organization of communication influence municipal risk communication? The results underscore three key considerations: First, there is a critical need for municipalities to engage in definitional clarification of risk and crisis communication. Establishing a shared understanding is paramount for effective communication strategies. Second, reframing uncertainty in municipal risk communication ownership as an opportunity is suggested. Embracing the inherent uncertainties and dependencies can offer a valuable perspective. Lastly, recognizing the underappreciation of risk communication emphasizes the imperative for municipal decision makers to address resource allocation issues. This involves ensuring that communication professionals have the confidence and resources needed, vis-à-vis other functions involved in risk management., The study was funded by the Regional Research Fund Western Norway, which is part of the Norwegian Research Council (grant number 27196) and the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (grant number 2020‐09584)., DURCOM

Only second to the Holocaust, the Rwandan genocide is the most audio-visually recreated genocide with approximately 200 films and documentaries produced in 39 countries between 1994 and 2021. Historical Media Memories of the Rwandan Genocide studies the construction, development and recreation of the transnational historical media memory of the genocde against the Tutsi i Rwanda. This comprehensive work traces the international media image and the creation of historical media memories of the Rwandan genocide, starting with the day-to-day television news reporting in 1994, and continues with analysing how the genocide has been used and reproduced in films and documentaries in a global scale as well in Rwanda, which has created its own images of the genocide in film and television production to support a new national identity.

The editorial introduces the topic of this thematic issue, which is the important role of society’s media monitoring capabilities, i.e., to produce information about what media “do” to society, and more precisely for democratic development both the here and the now and in the longer term. The theoretical and methodological aspects of the thematic issue are presented according to the approach of an EU‐funded project Mediadelcom, which aims to explain interconnections between the news media transformations and the risks and opportunities for deliberative communication. One of the stages of the project investigates media monitoring capabilities in different countries. The eight articles introduced in the editorial contribute to deepening the perspectives on the capabilities of media monitoring in the 21st century, and to understanding their function in detecting potential risks and opportunities for democratic public deliberation.

The artificial intelligence (AI) technology has developed unexpectedly fast for the last five years. There is an ongoing discussion about whether the technology should be seen as a contributing tool that could make life easier for people or if it is a risky innovation threatening human systems, particularly among journalists. The different opinions of AI within the journalism profession contributes to the interest in studying how artificial intelligence is written about in newspapers. Despite this, there is a lack of studies that investigate the portrayal of artificial intelligence in Swedish news. This paper examines the depiction of artificial intelligence in the most read daily newspaper in Sweden to contribute to this research gap. It also offers a comparison of the portrayal for the year 2018 and 2022. The study is based on Entman´s framing theory and explores the framing of AI within different subjects, perspectives of time and the representation of AI as an aid or a risk. The study also applies theorized concepts of media panic and technological optimism to enable a deeper analysis and discussion of the results. The analysis was conducted through qualitative content analysis of twentyone news articles from Dagens Nyheter. By analyzing significant words and sentences the results of this study shows that AI is mostly framed along the following subject categories: ethics and culture. Further on the results show a predominantly framing of AI as a contributing aid and a discussion from a present or future perspective of time. The comparison between the portrayal of AI during 2018 and 2022 presented a rather similar result. The most noticeable differences are that more subjects, such as economics, politics, education and climate, were identified in articles from 2018 and that articles from 2022 tend to discuss risks of AI to a slightly higher extent. Due to the predominant framing of AI as an aid, there could be traces of technical optimism in the empirical data bu

2023 kunde Aftonbladet avslöja en granskning med motsägande information kring H&Ms annars utstickande hållbarhetsarbete. Det framkom i granskningen att H&Ms klädinsamling som har kommit till att bli den största i världen inte återanvänder eller återvinner kläderna på det sättet som utlovas och att flera av plaggen hamnar på platser, som världens värsta dumpningsplats i Benin. Krisen utifrån ett kommunikationsperspektiv blir således intressant att undersöka för att se hur ett multinationellt företag som H&M kriskommunicerar när deras annars utstickande varumärkesprofilering som grön ledande aktör på marknaden ifrågasätts. Följande studie syftar därav till att undersöka varumärket H&Ms kriskommunikation via tre uttalanden kring denna kris av vdn Helena Helmersson. Detta kommer göras med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att besvara studiens två forskningsfrågor och uppfylla studiens syfte. Analysen använder Image repair theory och Situational crisis communication theory för att analysera studiens material genom att koda och kategorisera. Begreppet greenwashing applicerades vidare för att kunna synliggöra kommunikationens budskap. Studien kom fram till att Helmersson inte använder sig av de rekommenderade försvarsstrategierna utan använder sig istället av enkelt förnekande, goda avsikter, bolstering, hänvisa till ett högre syfte och attack. Vidare kom studien vidare fram till att Helmerssons kriskommunikation kan förstås i dimensionera av greenwashing som ett underliggande budskap.

Just nu pågår det en debatt i media kring rapkulturen och dess omtalade koppling till kriminalitet. Rapartister ses ofta som influerare till gängkriminella kretsar på grund av deras låttexter som ofta handlar om mörker, knark och brott. Media rapporterar flitigt om rapparnas relation till kriminalitet i artiklar som bland annat kan handla om skjutningar och sprängningar. I ljuset av den ständiga debatten som pågår kring rapkulturen, undersöker denna studie hur rapkulturen som fenomen representeras i media. Studiens teoretiska perspektiv är: gestaltningsteorin, representationsteorin, stereotyper i media, diskursteori: makt och ideologi, samt hiphop som populärkultur och subkultur. Den tidigare forskningen i studien handlar om rapkulturens mediehistoria, att musikgenren anses vara en samhällsfara, medias roll i samhället, representationen av människor samt journalisternas gestaltningar som agerar bidragande faktorer. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av en kritisk diskursanalys där totalt 14 artiklar valts ut. Sju från Sveriges största kvällstidning, Aftonbladet, och sju från Sveriges största morgontidning, Dagens Nyheter. Slutsatsen som kunde dras var att svensk journalistik tenderar att rama in rapkulturen på ett stereotypiskt sätt. Rapparna framställs som kriminella och en grupp utanför samhället. Diskurser som förekom förr i tiden tycks även leva kvar och bilden som människor hade om rapkulturen under 80-talet präglar fortfarande samhället (Rutherford, 2001). Diskurserna vi syftar på är framförallt kriminalitet, lojalitet, hämnd, samhällsproblem, utanförskap/förtryck samt stereotyper. Slutligen fann vi att Aftonbladet och Dagens Nyheter både befäster och stärker kopplingen mellan rapkulturen och kriminalitet. För att exemplifiera, skrev Dagens Nyheter följande i en artikel “Jag tror att hans namn blivit ett som många förknippar med våld och kriminalitet” (Admund Funck, 2023), med namn syftar de på rapartisten Yasin. Det fanns inget ur det empiriska materialet, There is currently a debate in the media about rap culture and its alleged link to crime. Rap artists are often seen as influencing gang criminal circles because of their lyrics, which are often about darkness, drugs and crime. The media report extensively on rappers' relationship with crime in articles that can include shootings and explosions. In light of the ongoing debate about rap culture and its practitioners, this study examines how rap culture as a phenomenon is represented in the media. The study's theoretical perspectives are: framing theory, representation theory, stereotypes in the media, discourse theory: power and ideology, and hip hop as popular culture and subculture. The previous research in the study deals with the media history of rap culture, the fact that the music genre is considered a danger to society, the role of the media in society, the representation of people and the journalists' portrayals that act as contributing factors. The study was conducted using a critical discourse analysis where a total of 14 articles were selected, seven from Sweden's largest evening newspaper Aftonbladet and seven from Sweden's largest morning newspaper Dagens Nyheter. The conclusion that could be drawn was that Swedish journalism tends to frame the rap culture in a stereotypical way. Rappers are portrayed as criminals as a group outside society. Discourses that existed in the past also seem to live on and the image that people had of the rap culture during the 1980s still characterizes society (Rutherford, 2001). The discourses we are referring to are mainly crime, loyalty, revenge, social problems, exclusion/oppression and stereotypes. Finally, we found that Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter both confirm and strengthen the link between rap culture and crime. As an example, Dagens Nyheter wrote the following in an article "I think his name has become one that many people associate with violence and crime" (Admund Funck, 2023), by name they mean the rap art

This study examines how journalists view the impact of podcasts on traditional radio, with focus on the growing popularity of podcasts and their influence in the radio industry. The study uses a qualitative research method with semi structured interviews with journalists who have experience with both radio and podcast. Throughout the interviews where five central themes identified: Podcast as an opportunity and challenge Changed listening behaviorAdaptation and restructure of radio production Continued relevance of traditional radio The future for radio and podcast The results show that while podcasting offers new possibilities for content creation and audience engagement, it also presents challenges for traditional radio, especially when it is about keeping the audience and adapting to a changing media landscape. The study contributes with insights into how the radio industry evolves alongside digital trends and changes listening preferences, and how the professionals in the field handles the integration of traditional and new media forms. This research is of importance to understand convergence culture in media and medialization theory, by exploring the relation between traditional radio and podcasts. The study also gives deeper insight into how media landscape affects producers and consumers of contents, it also emphasizes the need of flexibility and innovation in traditional radio to compete and coexist with the growing podcast industry.

This thesis looks at how motivation to fight in war is represented in the social media of the Sheikh al Mansur Battalion and the Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion. Both battalions are voluntary forces, therefore not conscripted or paid to fight in war. This thesis examines the presence of the two Chechen battalions in the war in Ukraine despite lacking obvious historical ties. It aims to examine the plurality of the battalions and illustrate these groups' presence within the war in Ukraine. Non-material motivations to fight for foreign non-state armed groups are understudied in the context of Ukraine. A qualitative content analysis is applied to the Telegram channels of the battalions to unpack patterns in content produced providing an insight in how the motivation of actions is communicated. The analysis shows how the legacy of the two Chechen wars lives on in both battalions as part of their motives to be actively present in the war in Ukraine. The findings argue for a broader consideration of non-material incentives, such as identity and cohesion, when examining motivations for participating in war.

Authors: Emma Möller and Malin Leithe Title: Fashion, Awareness and Environment - Qualitative study on Djerf Avenue's sustainability communication and its impact on brand identity. Language: Swedish Pages: 56 By examining Djerf Avenue, an influencer-owned fashion brand, this qualitative study aims to explore the role of sustainability communication and its impact on female consumers' perceptions and attitudes. The study addresses a knowledge gap by focusing on the interaction between brand identity and ecological sustainability communication, providing a deeper understanding of the role of influencer-owned brands in sustainability marketing communication and its effects on consumer behavior. The study utilized a qualitative method with interviews of eight female consumers who follow Djerf Avenue on Instagram and have purchased from the brand. These interviews were thematically analyzed with the support of theoretical frameworks such as green market communication and Aaker's brand identity model. The results of the study show that Djerf Avenue's communication strategies, which emphasize timeless design and sustainability measures, shape consumers' view of the brand and their purchasing behavior. The study highlights a certain skepticism about the brand's credibility in sustainability communication. The results indicate that influencer communication, especially from Matilda Djerf, plays a central factor in forming consumers' perception of sustainable fashion and their buying habits. Djerf Avenue, as an influencer-owned brand, faces the challenge of striking a balance between economic incentives and authentic sustainability communication, necessitating transparency and credibility to avoid skepticism and credibility issues. In conclusion, provides valuable insights into how influencer-owned brands like Djerf Avenue should handle their sustainability communication to meet consumers' growing awareness and expectations regarding environmental issues within the fa

I samband med den befintliga medieutvecklingen har fenomenet cancel culture ökat i aktualitet. Det växte fram på sociala medier men sker idag både inom digitala och traditionella medier. Ett uppmärksammat svenskt fall av cancel culture skedde våren 2020 då Paolo Roberto genomförde köp av sexuella tjänster. Han erkände offentligt på Instagram, vilket skapade en nyhetsstorm som ledde till att han blev cancellerad. Studiens syfte är att undersöka om nyhetsmedier kan bidra till cancel culture. Det genom att studera svenska nyhetsmediers sätt att rapportera om fallet Paolo Roberto. Två artiklar från tre olika svenska nyhetsmedier analyserades: Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, och Expressen. Det med hjälp av kritisk diskursanalys. Sedan applicerades teorierna kritisk teori samt gestaltningsteori på resultatet. Studien fann att rapporteringen bidrar till cancel culture genom inramningarna i nyhetsmedierna. Likheter och skillnader mellan artiklarna kunde urskiljas, exempelvis gällande neutralitet och formuleringar. Vidare påvisades tendenser i de studerade artiklarna som bidrar till cancel culture, bland annat genom citat, rubriceringar och infallsvinklar. Alla nyhetsmedierna uppvisade dessutom ett bakomliggande ekonomiskt intresse och moraliskt ställningstagande., In relation to the current media development, the phenomenon of cancel culture has increased in relevance. It emerged on social media but takes place in both digital and traditional media today. A well-known Swedish case of cancel culture occurred in the spring of 2020 when Paolo Roberto purchased sexual services. He publicly confessed to it on Instagram, which generated attention from news outlets that led to his cancellation. The purpose of the study is to investigate if news outlets can contribute to cancel culture. This will be done by analyzing Swedish news outlets’ way of reporting about the case of Paolo Roberto. Two articles each from three different Swedish news outlets were analyzed: Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, and Expressen. This was done using critical discourse analysis. We then applied the theories critical theory and the framing theory to the result. The study found that news outlets contribute to cancel culture through framings. We found both similarities and differences between the articles, for example regarding neutrality and wording. Furthermore, we found tendencies in the reporting that could contribute to cancel culture, for example through quotes, headings, and framings. Moreover, all the articles showed an underlying economic interest and moral standpoints.

This thesis analyzes how young female students aged 20–25 perceive influencer marketing communication on social media and its correlation with their impulsive purchases within the fast fashion industry. The study involves eight interviews to gain an understanding of these consumers' behavior during impulse purchases. Furthermore, it explores the marketing communication of influencers and the environmental awareness of the respondents. Previous research reveals a paradox between heightened environmental consciousness and increased consumption of fast fashion. Influencers, as influential actors in marketing communication, impact consumer behavior through authentic interactions and reviews, fostering an environment conducive to impulse buying, especially with time-limited offers and discounts. Despite the digital era's promotion of impulse buying, previous studies reveal a lack of detailed research on impulse purchases driven by influencers' marketing communication within the fast fashion realm. The results suggest that influencers play a central role in creating emotional connections that drive impulsive purchases. Despite respondents' general awareness of the industry's adverse environmental impact, sustainability aspects are seldom prioritized in impulse purchases based on influencers' communication. The conclusion is that influencers' marketing communication significantly impacts impulsive purchases among young female students, but sustainability is not emphasized enough to raise environmental awareness. There's potential for influencers to promote sustainability within fast fashion by integrating these aspects into their communication, fostering positive changes in consumers' impulse buying behavior.

The study examines the crisis communication of football personality Luis Rubiales in relation to the media-covered scandal that occurred during the 2023 Women's World Cup when the Spanish women's national team emerged victorious. During the medal ceremony, Luis Rubiales, the then-president of the Spanish Football Federation, took hold of player Jennifer Hermoso's head and kissed her on the mouth. Later, Hermoso revealed that the kiss was non-consensual, leading to a media frenzy surrounding Rubiales' actions. The purpose of the study is to examine how a person with significant power in the football world utilizes crisis communication to rebuild their reputation. The study employs a qualitative content analysis and draws on the Image Repair Theory and aspects of Foucault's theory of power. The analysis focuses on a transcription of Rubiales' speech during a 2023 press conference, translated from Spanish to Swedish and transcribed. The study's results show that Rubiales employs several defense strategies in his crisis communication and often leverages his position of power to insert himself into another existing discourse advantageous to him. The analysis reveals that the strategies of excuse, downplaying the offensiveness of the event, and denial are present in the text, in various ways and to varying degrees. Rubiales attempts to rebuild his reputation in various ways, as evidenced by interpretations of how different strategies can be applied to his speech. By applying Foucault's theories on discourses, the analysis also demonstrates that Rubiales shifts from the current discourse and inserts himself into other discourses to cast the event in a favorable light. This reshaping of the discourse occurs frequently in the speech, influencing the construction of truth in the event.

In an increasingly mediatized society, there are only a few aspects of our lives that remain absent online. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of which role the mediatization of the discourse about ADHD has in the lifeworlds of individuals with the diagnosis. The aim was to comprehend how individuals diagnosed with ADHD experience content that claims to represent the diagnosis. The study adopted a phenomenological theoretical framework with a focus on the process of mediatization. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using an interview guide and stimulus material. The results indicate that all participants perceive ADHD-related content on social media as generally portraying a misleading and unbalanced image of the diagnosis. They feel the depicted image is solely characterized by gender-stereotypical symptoms and excluding individuals who deviate from that description. Furthermore, the results show how the misleading portrayal directly affects participants negatively, making them feel diminished, ridiculed, and, in some cases, causing doubt about their own diagnosis. Nevertheless, participants share that there are positive aspects of the increased online presence of the diagnosis. Humorous depictions and recognition create a sense of community, reducing the feeling of being alone with their issues. In conclusion, it is evident that mediatization has played, and continues to play, a significant role in how individuals with ADHD perceive both their own experiences with the diagnosis and the diagnosis itself.

Studiens syfte är att bidra till att beskriva hur tidningarna The New York Times, The New York Post och The Hollywood Reporter har rapporterar om manusförfattarstrejken i Hollywood som var 2007–2008 och den som var 2023, kontra hur de tidningarna har förändrats i deras rapportering. Uppsatsen utgår från Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys som både teori och metod, samt användning av komparativ metod. Studien empiriska material är artiklar från när de båda strejkerna precis innan och efter de började 2007 och 2023. Resultatet visar att alla tre tidningar har ändrat deras sätt på hur de rapporterar sina nyheter från 2007 till 2023. The New York Post har blivit mer konservativ genom åren och tenderade att skriva mer negativt om Writers Guild of America (WGA) 2023 än vad de gjorde 2007. The New York Times har gått från att vara en relativt neutral tidning 2007 till att öppna sin tidning för WGA-medlemmar och låta dem skriva debatterande artiklar på deras hemsida. The Hollywood Reporter har gått från att vara positiva för WGA tills att vara helt öppet på deras sida och även de har öppnat sin tidning för WGA-medlemmar att skriva anonyma artiklar om vadsomhelst under och efter strejken.

Med ett kritiskt diskursanalytiskt tankesätt ämnar denna uppsats att studera hur nyhetsmedier rapporterar om manliga offer respektive kvinnliga offer för dödligt våld i nära relation. Syftet med studien är att utreda om nyhetsmediet Aftonbladet i sin nyhetsrapportering bidrar till stigmatiseringen av kvinnliga och manliga offer för dödligt våld i nära relation. I denna studie ska det även analyseras hur Aftonbladet väljer att tilldela skuld i fallen för att undersöka hur de ser på maskulinitet och femininitet. Studien ämnar att bidra med kunskap om huruvida Aftonbladet främjar eller hämmar jämställdhet i samhället, stigmatisering kring könen och om de bidrar till de patriarkala idéerna. För att besvara forskningsfrågorna analyserades elva artiklar mellan åren 2016 till 2023. Resultatet visar att manliga offer refereras på ett opersonligt sätt där den kvinnliga gärningsmannen står i fokus i artiklarna. De manliga offren tilldelas även skuld i brottet i och med de attribut som de tilldelas och hur de representeras inför och under morden där de misshandlade kvinnan, vilket används som rättfärdigande för tilldelningen av skuld. Därmed bidrar Aftonbladet inte till stigmatiseringen kring manliga offer och främjar jämställdhet i samhället. Resultatet av de kvinnliga offren visar att de tilldelas attribut som är personliga, och därmed ger läsaren en “vi”-känsla. På grund av det får kvinnliga offer ingen tilldelning av skuld i brott. Dock innebär detta att Aftonbladet bidrar till stigmatiseringen då de kvinnliga offren även får attribut som svaga och rädda samt inte främjar jämställdhet. Däremot främjar Aftonbladet jämställdhet i och med att de kvinnliga offren får mer utrymme i artiklarna och könsmaktsordningen bryts., Using a discourse analysis approach, this thesis aims to study how news media report on male and female victims of fatal domestic violence. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the news media Aftonbladet in its news reporting contributes to the stigmatisation of female and male victims of fatal domestic violence. And how Aftonbladet chooses to assign blame in the crimes, to see how they view masculinity and femininity. The study aims to contribute to understand whether Aftonbladet promotes or inhibits gender equality in society, stigmatisation around the genders and whether they contribute to patriarchal ideas. In order to answer the research questions, eleven articles between 2016 and 2023 were analysed. The results show that male victims are referred to in an impersonal way where the female offender is the focus of the articles. The male victims are also assigned guilt in the crime through the attributes they are assigned and how they are represented before and during the murders where they abused the woman, which is used as justification for the assignment of guilt. Thus, Aftonbladet does not contribute to the stigmatisation of male victims and promotes gender equality in society. The result of the female victims shows that they are assigned attributes that are personal, thus giving the reader a "we" feeling. Because of this, female victims do not receive an attribution of guilt in crime. However, this means that Aftonbladet contributes to stigmatisation as the female victims are also given attributes such as weak and afraid and do not promote gender equality. However, Aftonbladet promotes gender equality because the female victims are given more room in the articles and the gender power structure is broken.

The existing literature extensively covers the demands placed on advertising agencies, yet there is notably less research on how these agencies respond to these demands, especially in a comparative context. In response, this current study aims to investigate how advertising agencies navigate the complex market, where they must adapt to external demands while maintaining their unique identity. The goal is to deepen our understanding of how advertising agencies conduct their operations and handle the challenges posed by the intricate advertising industry. The concept of isomorphism, drawn from institutional theory, represents a significant contribution explaining how organizations tend to adopt similar patterns when influenced by common institutional pressures. This comparative interview study, between advertising agencies in Barcelona and Gothenburg, delves into how these agencies navigate between global and local demands. The findings point to isomorphic patterns among the agencies in these different cities, suggesting their adaptation to global trends. Concurrently, differences in the results indicate the ongoing need for them to tailor their approaches to their respective local contexts.

Memes have long been an integral part of internet culture, constantly evolving in humor and perpetuated by the individuals who create and share them. What may be funny today can quickly become stale and forgotten, as determined by the very same people. It is not surprising, therefore, that gender roles and societal expectations pertaining to women, men, and nonbinary individuals find their way into internet memes. These memes can serve various purposes, ranging from pure comedy to the reinforcement of sexism disguised as mere jokes. Given the multifaceted nature of memes, they possess the capacity to convey diverse meanings. In this study, the focus is on exploring 50 Tiktok videos that revolve around the internet meme, identity, and phenomenon known as sigma males. The aim is to examine what these videos communicate about contemporary gender norms, the historical context of the alt- right movement in relation to this identity, and how the memes can be seen as a form of resistance, challenging prevailing gender norms. To analyze the data, a multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) will be used. The sample consists of 50 Tiktok videos, each associated with one of five different hashtags (with 10 videos per hashtag), thereby providing a comprehensive overview of the subject matter. Through this analysis, four distinct categories emerged, shedding light on the themes present in these videos: Personation, non-normative gender ideals, discursive struggles in the sigma males discourse and masculine collective communities.

In the aftermath of #MeToo, Amber Heard chose to share her experiences of sexual abuse and violence in the relationship with Johnny Depp in an article. Depp denied the allegations and claimed that the accusations were fabricated and therefore chose to sue Heard for defamation. The defamation trial between the ex-spouses began in 2022 and received much attention since it was broadcast live to the public. The lawsuit quickly went viral on social media where Depp's fans constructed and spread favorable narratives on Depp's behalf in order to restore his reputation. The purpose of the study is to examine, from a gender perspective, how fans of a public figure crisis communicated on social media during an ongoing trial following accusations of intimate partner violence. This is achieved by a qualitative content analysis where posts published by Depp's fans during the trial are analyzed based on the theories of postfeminism and Image Repair Theory. The study concluded that both Depp and Heard are portrayed based on male and female attributes to relate to the roles of victim and perpetrator more clearly. Heard is blamed and mocked, while Depp is celebrated and respected. Furthermore, there are also narratives that connect to misogynistic ideas that are hidden by, for example, discussions about equality and can be seen as a backlash against feminist successes., I efterdyningarna av #MeToo valde Amber Heard att dela med sig av sina erfarenheter av sexuella övergrepp och våld i förhållandet med Johnny Depp i en debattartikel. Depp förnekade anklagelserna och menade att de var fabricerade och valde därför att stämma Heard för förtal. Förtalsrättegången mellan de forna makarna inleddes 2022 och fick stor uppmärksamhet eftersom den livesändes inför allmänheten. Rättegången blev snabbt viral på sociala medier där Depps fans konstruerade och spred fördelaktiga narrativ å Depps vägnar i syfte att återupprätta hans rykte. Syftet med studien är att utifrån ett genusperspektiv undersöka hur fans till en offentlig person kriskommunicerat på sociala medier under en pågående rättegång efter anklagelser om våld i nära relation. Detta genomförs med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där inlägg publicerade av Depps fans under tiden för rättegången analyseras utifrån teorierna postfeminism och Image Repair Theory. Studiens resultat visade att både Depp och Heard porträtteras utifrån manliga och kvinnliga attribut för att tydligare anknyta till rollerna som offer och förövare. Heard blir skuldbelagd och hånad, medan Depp blir hyllad och respekterad. Vidare förekommer också narrativ som anknyter till kvinnofientliga idéer som döljs av exempelvis diskussioner om jämställdhet och kan ses som en motreaktion på feministiska framgångar.

For decades authenticity has been of great interest in media and communication research. With this study, we aim to contribute to the research with a new perspective where authenticity is examined in artists who use influencer marketing on social media. With two qualitative focus group interviews, we examine how two previously separate professional roles, influencer and artist, now merge in their interests and strategies to influence their audience via social media platforms. By analyzing and interpreting young Swedish women’s experiences of artists’ advertising collaborations, we seek to understand the concept of authenticity's influence, power and meaning in the digital era. This is done using the three theories: influencer marketing, social capital and branding. The results confirm the dynamic role of the concept of authenticity in society and that whether something or someone is authentic is situational. The concept of authenticity is perceived as important in some contexts and less important in others. There is a clear tolerance for inauthentic behavior within the artist community. However, there is also a perceived limit to how much advertising through influencer marketing an artist can do before it has a negative impact on the artist’s perceived authenticity. The most significant factor is the artist's choice of brand to collaborate with. Our conclusions also show that there is an awareness of the intertwining of the two professional roles and a feeling that most artists and influencers are in a “gray area” where the boundaries between the roles are blurred. This means that new relationships and patterns of cooperation between artists and companies are created, and the dynamics of both the entertainment and advertising industry is changing.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur AI gestaltas i tidningarna Resumé och Dagens Media som är inriktade på media- och kommunikation. Detta uppnås genom att studera tidningarnas artiklar om AI. Studien undersöker vilka gestaltningar som förekommer i artiklarna och om tidningarna uppfyller UNESCO:s riktlinjer om hur journalister bör rapportera om AI. De gestaltningar som undersöks är sociala framsteg, Pandora´s box, ekonomisk utveckling/konkurrenskraft, utfallsframe och tidsperspektiv. Det undersöks även hur ofta AI ersätter syssla förekommer. De riktlinjer från UNESCO som undersöktes var AI:s begränsningar, det mänskliga arbetet, land, andra röster, suggestiva bilder och miljöaspekter. Det teoretiska ramverk som studien bygger på är gestaltningsteorin och teknologisk determinism. Studiens resultat visar att Resumé och Dagens Media Resumé tenderar att skildra AI som eftersträvansvärt genom att beskriva konsekvenserna av att använda AI som något läsaren vinner på. AI gestaltas även som en teknik som, helt eller delvis, kommer ersätta sysslor och arbetsuppgifter i mediabranschen. De variabler som kommer från UNESCO:s riktlinjer förekommer generellt sätt mindre. Resultatet visar att tidningarna skildrar AI som en teknik som utvecklas av sig själv, inte går att kontrollera, har få begränsningar, inte får mycket kritik, inte påverkar miljön och kan likställas med en människa. Således anammar de teorin teknologisk determinism, och i synnerhet de typer som kallas justificatory och normative., The purpose of this study is to examine how AI is framed in Swedish news media oriented toward media and communication. This is achieved by studying the magazines Resumé and Dagens Media´s articles about AI. This study examines which frames can be found in the articles and if the magazines manage to fulfill recommended guidelines created by UNESCO on how journalists should report on AI. The frames that are examined are social progress, Pandora´s box, economic development/competitiveness, outcome frame and temporal frame. It is also examined how often AI replaces a task. The UNESCO guidelines that are examined are the limitations of AI, the human labor behind AI, country, other voices, suggestive images and environmental aspects. The theoretical frameworks the study is built upon are framing theory and technological determinism. The study´s results show that Resumé and Dagens Media tend to portray AI as something desirable by describing the consequences of using AI as something the reader will benefit from. AI is also portrayed as a technology that will, completely or partially, replace tasks within the media industry. The variables that derive from the UNESCO guidelines generally occur less. The result shows that the magazines portray AI as a technology that can evolve by itself, cannot be controlled, have few limitations, does not get much critique, does not affect the environment, and can be equated with a human being. Therefore, the theory technological determinism is applied by the magazines, especially the types that are called justificatory and normative.

Football is the world's most practiced sport. Historically, countries worldwide have employed the positive attributes of sports as a means of propaganda to present a more favorable image of their nation to a global audience. Recently, countries such as Russia, China, Qatar, and now Saudi Arabia have been accused of sportswashing. Football star Cristiano Ronaldo became the first to depart from European elite football and move to the untested Saudi Professional League, with several elite European players following suit. In 2023, voices emerged, accusing Saudi Arabia of sportswashing and questioning the underlying motives. Research acknowledges the prevalence of sportswashing in contemporary times, yet there is a dearth of studies examining sports journalism's coverage of it. This thesis explores how the sports journalists of Swedish Expressen and Saudi Arab News cover the substantial investments in the Saudi Professional League. The empirical material comprises a total of 20 articles, evenly sourced from respective news outlets. These articles underwent a comparative qualitative text analysis. Given Saudi Arabia's geographical location within the historical Orient, it is pertinent to analyze how Western sports journalism reports on football in Saudi Arabia through the theoretical lenses of orientalism and eurocentrism. Furthermore, the study explores how Saudi sports journalism legitimizes itself through the perspectives of occidentalism and ethnocentrism. The study's findings reveal that Expressen incorporates elements of both orientalism and eurocentrism in their articles. In response to European football leaking top footballers to Saudi Arabia, Expressen resorts to both orientalist and eurocentric criticism in its arguments. In an attempt to reaffirm European superiority and diminish the emerging influence of Saudi Arabia. Conversely, Arab News predominantly employs ethnocentric arguments to position Saudi Arabia among the absolute global elite without substantial, Fotboll är världens mest utövade sport. Historiskt har länder världen över nyttjat sportens positiva egenskaper som ett propagandaverktyg för att ge omvärlden en bättre bild av landet. I absolut närtid är Ryssland, Kina, Qatar och nu senast Saudiarabien exempel på länder som anklagats för sporttvätt. Cristiano Ronaldo tillsammans med flera av Europas elitspelare har lämnat den europeiska fotbollen för den obeprövade Saudi Professional League. Under 2023 höjdes röster världen över som anklagade Saudiarabien för sporttvätt och ifrågasatte motiven bakom spelarnas flyttar. Forskning visar att sporttvätt i modern tid är ett faktum, men det saknas studier om sportjournalistikens rapportering om dessa länder. Denna studie undersöker hur sportjournalisterna hos svenska Expressens respektive saudiska Arab News rapporterar om de omfattande satsningarna på den saudiska fotbollsligan. Det genom en kvalitativ jämförande textanalys med teoretiska verktyg från representationsteorin, orientalismen, eurocentrismen, occidentalismen samt etnocentrismen för att synliggöra historiska dolda värderingar, kritiska mot Saudiarabien respektive Västerlandet. Eftersom Saudiarabien geografiskt är en del av den historiska Orienten är det relevant att analysera hur västerländsk sportjournalistik rapporterar om saudisk fotboll. Samt i relation hur saudiska sportjournalister legitimerar Saudiarabien. Studiens empiriska material består av totalt 20 artiklar, lika många från respektive tidning. Resultatet visar att Expressen i respons till att den europeiska elitfotbollen läcker toppspelare till Saudiarabien använder både orientalistisk och eurocentrisk kritik i sin argumentation. Det görs för att bekräfta den europeiska överhögheten och förminska uppstickaren Saudiarabien. Arab News å andra sidan använder främst etnocentriska argument för att positionera Saudiarabien bland den absoluta världseliten utan någon egentlig prövning.

Studien undersöker hur filmen Barbie, som är en feministisk produkt med ironiska inslag, gestaltar feminina respektive maskulina könsroller och på vilket sätt filmen upprätthåller alternativt motsätter sig stereotyper som finns för män och kvinnor. Med utgångspunkt i samhällets normer och föreställningar om kön, syftar studien till att undersöka filmens roll i upprätthållandet eller motsättningen av dessa normer. Filmens påstådda feministiska karaktär sätter krav på hur materialet reproducerar stereotypa könsroller. Filmen utspelar sig i de fiktiva världarna Barbie-land där kvinnorna besitter makten och Ken-land där männen bestämmer, samt i den verkliga världen. Filmen är utformad ur ett ironiskt perspektiv där de driver med de normer som existerar. Den metod som har tillämpats i studien för att uppnå syftet är en kvalitativ ansats med ett multimodalt kritiskt diskursperspektiv. Resultatet från studien visar att både kvinnliga och manliga karaktärer upprätthåller stereotypa yttre attribut men motsätter sig personlighetsrelaterade egenskaper som går utanför de stereotypa parametrarna. Samtidigt som materialet inkluderar en varierande uppsättning egenskaper för respektive kön kan det konstateras att de yttre attributen som representeras av karaktärerna upprätthåller könsstereotypiska ideal och en sexualiserad roll. Idealen som framställs i filmen blir synliga trots hur de ironiska verktygen skapar en förlöjligad roll för att ge effekt. De diskurser som har framkommit i analys- och resultatavsnittet har sitt ursprung i existerande könsnormer. Dessa mönster har kunnat belysas genom användningen av en metodologisk ram baserad på en multimodal kritisk diskursanalys.

Föreliggande studie ämnade att undersöka om den utopiska dokumentärserien Down to Earth with Zac Efron, vars syfte är att inspirera till engagemang för klimatkrisen, förmedlar motsägelsefulla budskap i form av ojämlika maktförhållanden mellan människa och natur samt mellan människor. Tidigare studier på i huvudsak dystopisk miljöinriktad Hollywoodfilm, samt till viss del dokumentärer, har visat att dominanta förhållanden ofta förekommer. Det, liksom den växande debatten om populärkulturens potential i att förmedla kunskap om klimatkrisen och dess bidrag till formandet av samhälleliga attityder, klimatforskares betoning på vikten av social hållbarhet för att lösa den samt trenden med hoppfull klimatkommunikation motiverade behovet av studien. För att identifiera maktförhållanden över natur och människor tog analysen stöd från ekokritisk teori och intersektionalitetsteori. Med hjälp av verktyg från multimodal kritisk diskursanalys och filmanalys undersöktes meningsskapandet mellan text och bild på detaljnivå. Efter utförd analys av dokumentärseriens avsnitt Iceland och Costa Rica har ojämlika maktförhållanden gentemot natur och människor identifierats, med störst betoning på avsaknaden av socialekologiska perspektiv. Slutsatsen grundar sig i den amerikanisering som präglar innehållet, exkluderingen av underrepresenterade grupper och att huvudkaraktären Zac Efron, och delvis kollegan Darin Olien, gestaltas som stereotypa vita män. Även om ekocentriska tankesätt delvis är närvarande, bekräftade bristen på inkludering av social hållbarhet dokumentärseriens misslyckande som en effektiv kunskapskälla till förståelsen av klimatkrisens samtliga delar., The following study aimed to investigate whether the utopian documentary series Down to Earth with Zac Efron, with the goal to inspire for commitment to the climate crisis, conveys contradictory messages in the form of unequal power relations between humans and nature as well as between people. Previous studies on mainly dystopian environmentally oriented Hollywood films, and to some extent documentaries, have shown that dominant relationships often occur. Together with the growing debate about the potential of popular culture in conveying knowledge about the climate crisis and its contribution to formation of societal attitudes, climate scientists’ emphasis on the importance of social sustainability to solve it and the trend of hopeful climate communication, the need for the study was motivated. In order to identify power relations over nature and people, the analysis was supported by ecocriticism and intersectionality theory. Using a multimodal critical discourse analysis and film analysis, the creation of meaning between text and image was examined at a detailed level. After an analysis of the episodes Iceland and Costa Rica, unequal power relations towards nature and people have been identified with the greatest emphasis on the lack of social ecological perspectives. The conclusion is based on the Americanization that characterizes the content, the exclusion of underrepresented groups and the portrayal of the main character Zac Efron, and partly his colleague Darin Olien, as stereotypical white men. Although ecocentric mindsets are partly present, the lack of inclusion of social sustainability confirms the failure of the documentary series as an effective source of knowledge for understanding all elements of the climate crisis.

Marketing is crucial to the success of any company, and in line with an increased emphasis on sustainability, many companies now include sustainability issues in their communications. The clothing company Lindex's campaign ”Reinvent the Model” aims to reshape the female ideal and promote diversity in their marketing. They do this, among other things, by including different skin colors, ages and bodytypes in the marketing. The study ”Advertising for what, clothes or bodies?” examines Lindex's campaign and its portrayal of beauty ideals. Through a qualitative multimodal critical discourse analysis, based on Fairclough's three-dimensionalmodel, the campaign is analyzed with a focus on lexical choices, denotation, connotation, interdiscursivity, ideology and hegemony. The concepts of discourse andcommodified feminism also form the basis of the study's theoretical perspective. The results show that Lindex portrays beauty ideals as problematic and negative. The campaign mixes marketing, body positive, feminist and documentary discourses to challenge prevailing beauty ideals within the fashion industry. The body positive and feminist discourse is emphasized by ordinary women sharing their experiences around beauty ideals. Quotes in the campaign create a negative view of the female body as bodily flaws are discussed. The hegemonic view of beauty ideals is questioned in the campaign, but the result of making a comprehensive campaign about women's appearance means that the female body continues to be scrutinized and used as akind of marketing material. The conclusion is that, from an ideologically critical perspective, the campaign partially challenges the hegemonic view of beauty but at the same time maintains and commodifies norms around the female body.

Föreliggande studie syftar till att undersöka hur ett urval enhetschefer på sjukhus inom Västra Götalandsregionen upplever ledningens kommunikation och vilka förutsättningarkommunikationsinsatsen ger enhetschefer att kommunicera med sina medarbetare. Studien undersöker kommunikation i en förändringsprocess under 2023 och utgår från organisationskommunikationens begrepp meningsskapande, meningsgivande samt transparent kommunikation. För att tillhandahålla kvalitativ kännedom genomfördes materialinsamlingen med hjälp av sju individuella semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Reflexiv tematisk analys används som analysmetod för att identifiera mönster, kategorier och teman från empirin. Resultatet belyser betydelsen av tvåvägskommunikation, exempelvis dialoger, i en hierarkiskt styrd organisation och hur det skapar möjligheter att kommunicera utökad meningsskapande och meningsgivande. Resultatet visar även huruvida ett tolkningsbaserat kommunikationsuppdrag lämpar sig inom Västra Götalandsregionens sjukhus. Analysens resultat påvisar att det faktum att media hinnerrapportera om förändringen innan enhetscheferna kan samtala med sina medarbetare är ett hinder och resulterar i avsaknaden av förtroendegivande kommunikation., This study aims to examine how a sample of unit managers at hospitals within Västra Götalandsregionen experience the organizational managements communication and what prerequisites to communication efforts the unit managers conceive to communicate with their employees. The study examines communication during a change process during 2023 and is based on organizational communications concepts sensemaking, sensegiving and transparent communication. In order to provide qualitative knowledge, the empirical material was collected through seven individual semi-structured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis is used as a method to identify patterns, categories and themes from the empirical data. The results highlight the importance of two-way communication, such as dialogues, in a hierarchical organization and how it creates opportunities to communicate extended sensemaking and sensegiving. The result also reflects on whether an interpretation-based communication mission is suitable in the hospitals of Västra Götalandsregionen. The study’s results clarify that the fact that the media reporting about the change before unit managers can communicate with their employees is an obstacle and leads to lack of trustworthy communication

Since its debut 1956 Eurovision Song Contest has been a live televised music competition. Over several decades the contest has evolved and with modern technology the contest is about more than just the musical aspects. There are now many more factors to consider while watching and judging the competing acts. Various modes of communications, such as audio, visual, and performance elements, collectively create meaning and contributes to the overall viewing experience. To understand which elements are more profound in creating meaning, a study of seven Eurovision fans was undertaken in a focus group. The fans got to watch seven handpicked Eurovision performances from within the past decade (2014-2023). The result is a discussion about how this audience perceive and value modes and to which degree these aspects generated meaning for each of them individually. Through a comprehensive analysis of the discussion, the study aims to uncover patterns, preferences, and the evolving role of multimodality in shaping the audience's perception of Eurovision as a multimedia spectacle. The participants were able to speak freely about the subject due to their shared interest of the topic, yet the conversation did not particularly hold any evidence of multimodal patterns nor multimodal grammar.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur unga kvinnor och män i åldern 20-29 som studerar på svenska högskolor uppfattar de omvända genusstrukturerna i filmen Barbie (Gerwig, 2023). Detta gjordes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som sedan granskades med en tematisk analys. Därefter jämfördes de båda könens uppfattningar för att studera vilka likheter och skillnader som kunde hittas. Många länder har ett patriarkat och detta bidrar till en ojämställdhet då det kvinnliga könet ses som underordnat medan det manliga könet som överordnat. När filmer så som Barbie får genomslagskraft kan det patriarkat som samhället har normaliserat utmanas. Media har makt över publiken och kan därmed påverka dem på individnivå. Blir tillräckligt många personer påverkade kan det skapa uppfattningar hos hela samhällen. Resultatet visade att hos kvinnorna sågs två primära teman: Förtryckande patriarkat & jämställt matriarkat samt Det underordnade perspektivet. Vidare kunde tre sekundära teman identifieras: Förenklad förståelse för problematiken, Negativa känslor samt Överdriven porträttering. Hos männen kunde två primära teman identifieras: Extrem överdrift samt Motsägande åsikter. De sekundära temana som kunde identifieras är: Det hierarkiska perspektivet samt Historiska samband. Det går även att se flera likheter och skillnader i de båda könens uppfattningar. Exempelvis var en likhet hur båda könen inte relaterade till de karaktärer som representerar deras kön, utan de relaterade till de karaktärer som hade samma maktposition som de själva har i verkligheten. Ett exempel på en skillnad bland könen var hur männens åsikter skilde sig åt medan kvinnornas åsikter var mer lika varandra., This study aims to research how young women and men aged 20-29 studying at Swedish universities, perceive the reversed gender structures in the film Barbie (Gerwig, 2023). This was done through semi-structured interviews which were then analysed with a thematic analysis. Afterwards, the perceptions of both genders were compared to each other to study what similarities and differences could be found. Many countries have a patriarchy, this contributes to inequality as the female gender is seen as subordinate while the male gender is seen as superior. When movies like Barbie gain traction, the patriarchy that society has normalized can be challenged. The media has power over the audience and can thus influence them on an individual level. If enough people are affected, it can create perceptions in entire societies. The study showed that in the women's analysis there were two primary themes: Oppressive patriarchy & equal matriarchy and The subordinate perspective. Furthermore, three secondary themes could be identified: Simplified understanding of the problem, Negative feelings, and Exaggerated portrayal. With the men, two primary themes could be seen: Extreme exaggeration and Contradictory views. The secondary themes that could be identified are: The hierarchical perspective and Historical connections. It is also possible to see several similarities and differences in the perceptions of both genders. For example, a similarity was how both genders did not relate to the characters that represent their gender, but they related to the characters that had the same position of power that they themselves have in reality. An example of a difference between the genders was how the men's opinions differed while the women's opinions were more similar to each other.

Nyhetsmedia har en stor roll i att forma samhällets uppfattningar om händelser. Genom att studera skandalrapportering kring dopning utifrån ett genusperspektiv belyses mediernas roll i skapandet och upprätthållandet av könsstereotyper och könsnormer inom såväl skandalrapportering som nyhetsjournalistik. Studiens syfte är att belysa rådande strukturer och uppmärksamma eventuella könsskillnader inom dopning och sportjournalistik. Syftet är även att undersöka eventuella skillnader i hur artiklar skandaliseras beroende på könstillhörigheten hos den dopade idrottaren. Detta syfte uppnåddes genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av totalt 197 artiklar om de sex mest uppmärksammade dopningsfallen under 2000-talet i Sverige. Studien har utgångspunkt i teorier om skandaler, gestaltning och genus och utifrån dessa har de variabler som används vid kodning utformats. Tidigare forskning inom sportjournalistik, genusrepresentation i media samt könsstereoryper används för att förklara och diskutera studiens resultat. Resultatet av studien visar att det inte är särskilt stora skillnader i hur kvinnliga och manliga dopade idrottare beskrivs i svensk nyhetsmedia. Det kan också konstateras att de får ungefär lika mycket utrymme och majoriteten av artiklarna är skandaliserade. Skandaliseringen skiljer sig främst på en punkt där kvinnorna själva beskylls för dopningen medan männen målas upp som offer då dopningsdomen skylls på någon eller något annat. Vidare forskning baseras på upptäckter under kodningsarbetet då tydliga skillnader i framställning av idrottare med svensk respektive utländsk bakgrund noterades., The news media plays a significant role in creating society's perceptions of events. By studying scandal reporting regarding doping from a gender perspective, the media's role in creating and keeping gender stereotypes and norms within scandal reporting and news journalism is highlighted. The study aims to shed light on existing structures and draw attention to potential gender differences within doping and sports journalism. It also aims to show potential differences in how articles are scandalized depending on the gender identity of the doped athlete. This purpose of the study was achieved through a quantitative content analysis of a total of 197 articles on the six most well-known doping cases in Sweden during the 21st century. The study is based on theories of scandals, representation, and gender, shaping the coding variables. Prior research in sports journalism, gender representation in the media, and gender stereotypes is used to explain and discuss the study's findings. The study’s results indicate that there are not very big differences in how doped female and male athletes are described in the Swedish news media. It can also be stated that they get nearly the same amount of space on the agenda and most of the articles are scandalous. The way the articles are scandalous mainly differs on one point where the women are blamed for the doping, while the men are portrayed as victims when the doping verdict is blamed on something or someone else. Further research is based on discoveries during the coding process, noting clear differences in the portrayal of athletes with Swedish versus foreign backgrounds.

The purpose of this essay was to investigate how Quran burning is portrayed in Aftonbladet's reporting. The study is intended to examine three Quran burnings with each other in order to compare Aftonbladet's reporting. In addition to the portrayal of Quran burning, the study has investigated how the practitioners of Quran burning are portrayed in Aftonbladet. Using a thematic content analysis, the study's text material has been analyzed to produce a result. How an event is portrayed in the media in turn affects how the news is perceived by its audience. ​Therefore, we believe that it is socially relevant to investigate how Quran burning is portrayed, because in Sweden everyone has the right to express themselves freely. Based on the study's thematic analysis, we can see a connection in Aftobladet's reporting on Quran burning. Generally, violent protests and reactions are presented as a consequence of the Quran burnings. In Aftonbladets culture-, editorial- and commentary texts, the Quran burnings are portrayed as a hate crime, more than the right to express oneself freely. As Quran burning appears as a hate crime, the audience's attitude towards Quran burning tends to become more negative In the reporting about Rasmus Paludan and Salwan Momika, who both burned the Quran, Aftonbladet has made different choices in its presentation. Paludan is portrayed as a provocateur who uses freedom of speech in Sweden to provoke. His political affiliation is prominent in Aftonbladet's reporting and his gatherings are portrayed as provocative. Salwan Momika's nationality is not prominent and his Quran burning is not portrayed as provocative.

The Quran burnings in Sweden have made international headlines and have taken its place as one of the most controversial happenings of the year 2023. Due to this, the phenomena have made its way into the political arena of Sweden, being widely discussed by the main political actors of the country. This study aims to analyze Magdalena Andersson (Social Democrats) and Jimmie Åkesson’s (Sweden Democrats) communication regarding the matter with the key objective to analyze the usage of Populism as well as Blame and responsibility when the two actors speak about the Quran crisis. The thesis main method will be a rhetorical analysis. The study found that both Andersson and Åkessons communication regarding the Quran burnings contains populistic traits. Andersson uses more blame in her communication and Åkesson more accountability. Åkesson does unlike Andersson not construct the Quran burnings themselves as a crisis, but rather the sequence of events the phenomena consequently started as such. Due to the results in how blame is communicated, recommended suggestions of further studies could be analyzing if the Swedish political communication has become more hostile by doing a comparative analysis on the present and previous years of political actors communicating.

Adolescents use of alcohol and drugs in Sweden today is problematic. The alcohol consumption has decreased amongst adolescents, but it is still an issue. What the younger generation sees in the media has an effect on their view on alcohol and adolescents may assume it is a natural part of life. Drug abuse is not as widespread, but it is still a problem amongst adolescents and the consumption has a negative effect. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the Swedish youth series Young Royals are framing alcohol and drugs amongst adolescents. The study will use a multimodal critical discourse analysis to see what discourses there are about alcohol and drugs. Previous research has discovered that teenage characters in film usually consume alcohol together with others. Consumption of drugs in film usually does not lead to any consequences for the characters. Adolescents are influenced by what media present to the public, especially what they see on film and tv. This study has analyzed the first season of the series Young Royals on Netflix. The purpose of this study was to analyze the scenes containing alcohol or drugs. Scenes where alcohol or drugs were represented, portrayed, mentioned or the characters talked about the subject without expressing it, were analyzed. By applying multimodal critical discourse analysis, this study has been able to see that results from previous studies are similar. The discourses we found in the study are for instance that alcohol is a norm and a natural part of the adolescents social life. The second discourse we found is class-distinction where different classes use alcohol and drugs in different ways. One discourse showed consequences of consuming alcohol and drugs and the most dominant discourse showed positive consequences. Young Royals also had two discourses about drug consumption, one when it was framed as a natural way of partying and one where the consumption was framed as an addiction. At last there were a few discourses of m

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka riskkommunikation rörande förhöjd terrorhotnivå i Sverige. Studien kommer främst fokusera på hur artiklarna kommunicerar risken bakom hotet och hur de beskrivs. Artiklarna är från Sveriges två största tidningar Aftonbladet och Expressen. Materialet i studien är nio artiklar som analyseras med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av hur risken kring terrorhot kommuniceras tillsammans med känslor som trygghet och otrygghet. Teorier som spelar roll för kommunikationen och dess utformning är risksamhället, medielogik, trygghet och den andre. Hur effektiv riskkommunikation bör utformas har framställts genom tidigare forskning. Resultaten visade att riskkommunikationen kommuniceras tillsammans med verktyg inom riskkommunikation. Författarna av artiklarna använder sig främst av experter som ger råd till allmänheten för att kommunicera trygghet. Samtidigt som trygghet kommuniceras framkommer viss otrygghet genom tvetydiga budskap och instruktioner. Identifieringen av den andre sker i form av en stereotypisering av onda andra.

Big organisations and companies in game development and distribution have in recent years become involved in public-relations crises. In the past you could see that dissatisfied consumers have an impact on the image for organisations. To find out how an organisation can stop or mitigate a bad image, an analysis was conducted of Activision Blizzard’s communication to the public during their Public-relations crises, with a connection to strategic communications theories. The method used in the study was a Content analysis with a deductive approach to critically analyse the messages that was communicated during the public-relations crises the organisation had. The results of the analysis gave information for both Successful communication and communication that could have been improved with the strategic communications theories. With this information there is another source for crisis managers to construct messages during a crisis to either stop or mitigate a bad image. The study also gives an example on how to analyse an organisations crisis communication critically.

Sociala medier är en plattform som kantas av känslor. Samtidigt vänder sig människor dit under kriser för att dela känslor och prata med varandra. I kommentarsfältet på Gröna Lunds Instagraminlägg, där de kommunicerar efter Jetlineolyckan, 2023, händer detta. Genom en kvalitativ socialsemiotisk multimodal textanalys erbjuder fallstudien en tolkning, och bidrar till en förståelse för vilka meningsbärande element som konstruerar vilka känslor i kommentarsfältet. En teoretisk och hypotetisk diskussion förs om känslornas möjliga betydelse för organisationens legitimitet. Först och främst analyseras Gröna Lunds Instagraminlägg kvalitativt med en innehållsanalys för att belysa kontexten, och de kriskommunikationsstrategier som används. Fallstudien visar på att Gröna Lund kommunicerar under krisfasen, tar på sig hela ansvaret och latent kommunicerar känslor av skam och skuld. Med hjälp av kriskommunikationsstrategier erkänner och bekänner nöjesparken krisen, och kommunicerar därefter åtgärdande handlingar. Den vanligaste känslan som konstrueras i kommentarsfältet är känslan av ilska och sorg. Ilska tar sig i uttryck både mot Gröna Lund och mot andra Instagramanvändare. Skuld konstrueras latent i konstruktionen av ilska. Det finns även en liten mängd kommentarer som konstruerar känslan lycka. Känslan av ångest uttrycks framför allt i form av frågor och en stor ovisshet. Fallstudien visar att känslorna många gånger konstrueras av liknande lexikala val, och att olika emojis förstärker vissa konstruktioner. En mycket liten mängd emotikoner har påvisats. Den teoretiska och hypotetiska diskussionen visar att känslor som ilska, skuld och ångest potentiellt försämrar Gröna Lunds tre former av organisatorisk legitimitet. Kommentarer med känslor av lycka och hopp visar motsatsen. Ilska kan däremot både förbättra och försämra legitimiteten, beroende på vem ilskan riktas mot. Det samma gäller för legitimitetsstrategier. Känslor av lycka hopp kan ge en teoretisk fingervisning på att st, Social media is an emotional platform. At the same time, people turn to it during crises to share emotions and talk to each other. In the comments section of Gröna Lund's Instagram post, where they communicate after the Jetline accident in 2023, this happens. Through a qualitative social semiotic multimodal text analysis, the case study offers an interpretation and contributes to an understanding of which meaningful elements construct which emotions in the comment field. A theoretical and hypothetical discussion is conducted on the possible importance of emotions for organizational legitimacy. First of all, Gröna Lund's Instagram posts are analyzed qualitatively with a content analysis to highlight the context and the crisis communication strategies used. This case study shows that Gröna Lund communicates during the crisis phase, taking full responsibility and latently communicating feelings of shame and guilt. Using crisis communication strategies, the amusement park acknowledges and confesses the crisis, and then communicates remedial actions. The most common emotion constructed in the comment section is the emotion of anger and sadness. Anger is expressed both towards Gröna Lund and towards other Instagram users. Guilt is constructed latently in the construction of anger. There is also a small number of comments that construct the feeling of happiness. The feeling of anxiety is mainly expressed in the form of questions and great uncertainty. The case study shows that the emotions are often constructed by similar lexical choices, and that different emojis reinforce certain constructions. A very small number of emoticons have been detected. The theoretical and hypothetical discussion shows that emotions such as anger, guilt and anxiety potentially impair Green Lund's three forms of organizational legitimacy. Comments with feelings of happiness and hope show the opposite. Anger, on the other hand, can both enhance and detract from legitimacy, depending on who the an