Search

The Ferula foetida species (Bunge) Regel (1877) growing in the natural conditions of Kazakhstan is the most important for traditional and official medicine. This medicinal plant is distributed in five different regions. The F. foetida is classified as an endangered species in some regions because of its illegal harvesting and low seed reproduction. On the territory of the Shu-Ile lowlands, we discovered natural ferula populations near the Khan-Tau mountains, not far from same named village, and in 377 km far from Almaty. Determination of the exact location of plant objects was carried out through the satellite Global Positioning System. A map of location of the Khantau population was developed by the Google-MyMap program For the first time, measurement results of quantitative traits of vegetative part of the Khantau population are presented. On average, the height of ferula was 36.9 ± 7.26 cm, the width of basal leave rosette was 107.6 ± 22.45 cm. The total number of rosette leaves was 7.0 ± 1.71 cm, and their width and length were 63.4 ±11.27 cm and 61.1 ±9.86 cm, respectively. The length of ferula root system was 204.2 ± 55.82 cm in average, while the length of turnip rhizome was 33.4 ± 6.58 cm. The resin is released from this thickened rhizome, and common using for food. The diameter of the turnip-shaped root was on average 19.3 ± 6.83 cm. The fresh weight of model root specimens was varying from 1.61 to 7.75 kg. The average yield of the raw material from Khantau population was 469 kg/ha. Despite the small size of studied population, further studies of all 10 districts seem promising to assess the total reserves of medicinal ferula in the Zhambyl region, which, like the Turkestan populations, are subject to illegal procurement and export outside our Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of biochar–microbe interaction in plant rhizosphere mediating soil-borne disease suppression has been poorly understood for plant health in field conditions. Chinese ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is widely cultivated in Alfisols across Northeast China, being often stressed severely by pathogenic diseases. In this study, the topsoil of a continuously cropped ginseng farm was amended at 20 t ha−1, respectively, with manure biochar (PB), wood biochar (WB), and maize residue biochar (MB) in comparison to conventional manure compost (MC). Post-amendment changes in edaphic properties of bulk topsoil and the rhizosphere, in root growth and quality, and disease incidence were examined with field observations and physicochemical, molecular, and biochemical assays. In the 3 years following the amendment, the increases over MC in root biomass were parallel to the overall fertility improvement, being greater with MB and WB than with PB. Differently, the survival rate of ginseng plants increased insignificantly with PB but significantly with WB (14%) and MB (21%), while ginseng root quality was unchanged with WB but improved with PB (32%) and MB (56%). For the rhizosphere at harvest following 3 years of growing, the total content of phenolic acids from root exudate decreased by 56, 35, and 45% with PB, WB, and MB, respectively, over MC. For the rhizosphere microbiome, total fungal and bacterial abundance both was unchanged under WB but significantly increased under MB (by 200 and 38%), respectively, over MC. At the phyla level, abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal and Bryobacter as potentially beneficial microbes were elevated while those of Fusarium and Ilyonectria as potentially pathogenic microbes were reduced, with WB and MB over MC. Moreover, rhizosphere fungal network complexity was enhanced insignificantly under PB but significantly under WB moderately and MB greatly, over MC. Overall, maize biochar exerted a great impact rather on rhizosphere microbial community composition and networking of functional groups, particularly fungi, and thus plant defense than on soil fertility and root growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder caused by chemotherapy drugs. Berberine is a natural monomer compound of Coptis chinensis, which has anti-tumor effect and can improve neuropathy through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) can sense noxious thermal and chemical stimuli, which is an important target for the study of pathological pain. In both vivo and in vitro CIPN models, we found that berberine alleviated peripheral neuropathy associated with dorsal root ganglia inflammation induced by cisplatin. We confirmed that berberine mediated the neuroinflammatory reaction induced by cisplatin by inhibiting the overexpression of TRPV1 and NF-κB and activating the JNK/p38 MAPK pathways in early injury, which inhibited the expression of p -JNK and mediated the expression of p38 MAPK/ERK in late injury in vivo. Moreover, genetic deletion of TRPV1 significantly reduced the protective effects of berberine on mechanical and heat hyperalgesia in mice. In TRPV1 knockout mice, the expression of NF-κB increased in late stage, and berberine inhibited the overexpression of NF-κB and p -ERK in late injury. Our results support berberine can reverse neuropathic inflammatory pain response induced by cisplatin, TRPV1 may be involved in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: The second cause of death in the world and the third cause in Iran is cancer which requires special attention for treatment. The previous reports of Gypsophila genus show significant toxic effects on different cancer cell lines. In this study, bioassay-guided fractionation was applied to determine the cytotoxic activity of root and aerial parts extracts and fractions of Gypsophila ruscifolia Methods: n-Hexane, chloroform, and methanol: H2O (8:2) extracts of root and aerial parts were prepared. Inhibition of cell growth determined by MTT assay in MCF-7, HT-29, A-549, and AGO-1522 cell lines. The most effective extract was fractionated by column chromatography. The cytotoxic effect of fractions was evaluated by MTT assay and apoptotic property of the cytotoxic fraction was determined by annexin V/PI assay in MCF-7 cell line. Results: The chloroform root extract of G. ruscifolia showed cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells with IC50 value of 111.6 ±11.78 μg/mL. MTT assay of five of fractions demonstrated that F3 and F4 with IC50 values of 73.09 ±14.22 and 67.98 ±15.31 μg/mL on MCF-7 cell line, respectively showed cytotoxic effects. Also, F4 demonstrated apoptotic potential in MCF-7 cell line. Conclusion: Considering the results of cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies, isolation and identification of responsible compounds in the chloroform root extract of Gypsophila ruscifolia can be useful in cancer research studies.

Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder caused by chemotherapy drugs. Berberine is a natural monomer compound of Coptis chinensis, which has anti-tumor effect and can improve neuropathy through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) can sense noxious thermal and chemical stimuli, which is an important target for the study of pathological pain. In both vivo and in vitro CIPN models, we found that berberine alleviated peripheral neuropathy associated with dorsal root ganglia inflammation induced by cisplatin. We confirmed that berberine mediated the neuroinflammatory reaction induced by cisplatin by inhibiting the overexpression of TRPV1 and NF-κB and activating the JNK/p38 MAPK pathways in early injury, which inhibited the expression of p-JNK and mediated the expression of p38 MAPK/ERK in late injury in vivo. Moreover, genetic deletion of TRPV1 significantly reduced the protective effects of berberine on mechanical and heat hyperalgesia in mice. In TRPV1 knockout mice, the expression of NF-κB increased in late stage, and berberine inhibited the overexpression of NF-κB and p-ERK in late injury. Our results support berberine can reverse neuropathic inflammatory pain response induced by cisplatin, TRPV1 may be involved in this process.

Litsea molis Hemsl. is a precious wild aromatic oil tree species and important medicinal plant. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the chloroplast genome of L. molis for the first time. Its complete chloroplast genome is 152,311 bp in length, containing a large single copy region of 93,258 bp and a small single copy region of 18,917 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions of 20,068 bp. The chloroplast genome contains 130 unique genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genome sequences of 36 plants from the family Lauraceae showed that L. molis is more closely related to species of Lindera genus than other genera in Lauraceae.

Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. is one of the most well-known plants in traditional medicine that contains bioactive compounds called ginsenosides. It is widely used as raw material in many pharmaceutical industries in Indonesia. However, to supply for this purpose, they still rely on imports. PT. Kalbe Farma (through its subsidiary, PT. Bintang Toedjoe), University of Surabaya (Ubaya), and Hanbang-Bio Laboratory (holding company of Kyung Hee University) established the Kalbe Ubaya Hanbang-Bio Laboratory (KUH Lab), a collaboration initiated to achieve the independence of raw materials. This laboratory is devoted to developing the plant tissue culture protocol for the mass production of P. ginseng root cultures. This paper is the first report of in vitro P. ginseng culture in Indonesia. The initial stage of the mass production focused on optimizing the culture conditions: inoculum weight (100 g, 150 g, 200 g), medium volume (12 L, 13 L, 14 L), medium formulation ("A", "B"), and incubation temperature (15 °C to 20 °C and 21°C to 25 °C). Based on the biomass yield and ginsenosides content, it was concluded that the optimum growth condition was 150 g of the initial inoculum grown in 13 L of media using formulation B and incubation at 21°C to 25 °C. In the long-term, KUH Lab aims to produce P. ginseng on an industrial scale to sufficiently supply the demands for P. ginseng in the country. Furthermore, this laboratory also intends to make standardized Indonesian herbal materials by using plant tissue culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food consumption consisting of high antioxidants could improve health conditions, and prevent cell damage caused by free radicals. Moringa oleifera Lam. comprised a lot of nutrition like essential vitamins, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, antibacteria, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertension, and antioxidants. The optimum antioxidant level depended on the thermal process such as drying. This research aimed to determine the effect of type and temperature of drying on the antioxidant of M. oleifera leaves. Nested with two factors, type (cabinet dryer and oven), and temperature (40 oC, 50 oC, and 60 oC) which replied three times were applied. The result indicated that antioxidant was decreased significantly with increasing drying temperature. The result showed that antioxidant, phenolic, and flavonoid content with cabinet dryer was higher than oven. The increasing temperatures tend to decrease flavonoid; it was proved with 60 oC was 0.54 mg g–1. ± 0.035 mg g–1. The best treatment was cabinet dryer 50 oC with the highest antioxidant 69.26 % ± 1.38 %, phenolic 1.17 mg g–1 ± 0.051 mg g–1, and flavonoid 1.41 mg g–1 ± 0.168 mg g–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breynia fruticosa (L.) Müll.Arg. is a well-known folk medicinal plant and found abundantly in South China. The complete chloroplast genome of B. fruticosa reported firstly here was 155,630 bp in length, including a large single-copy region with 85,065 bp (LSC), a small single-copy region with 19,441 bp (SSC) and a pair of inverted repeats with 25, 562 bp (IRa and IRb). The plastome was comprised of 112 distinct genes, with 78 protein coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes and 30 transfer RNA genes. The overall GC content of B. fruticose chloroplast genome was 36.7%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that B. fruticosa was closely related to Glochidion fruticosa.

Introduction: In recent years many farmers in Iran interested in to cultivate and produce different medicinal plants which are so important in traditional agriculture in Iran. In order to reduce the environmental impacts of using chemical inputs and also to increase the quality of plant secondary metabolite components, the emphasis is on sustainable agriculture base on using of organic and biological fertilizer. Dwarf chicory (Cichorium pumilum Jacq.) is an annual plant from Asteraceae family. Dwarf chicory is classified by jacq as subspecies of the cultivated species Cichorium endeva which consumed for healing a variety of diseases such as bacterial infection, poisoning and rheumatism. The use of organic fertilizer in the form of humic acid and fulvic acid play an important role in sustainable agriculture. Humic substances can be added to the soil for improvement the crop yield. A benefit of humic acid due to its ability to complex metal ions and form aqueous complexes with micronutrients and also may form an enzymatically active complex, which can be carry on reactions that are usually assigned to the metabolic activity of living microorganisms. In additional of using organic fertilizers, the biological fertilizer like mycorrhiza fungi is a good approach in agriculture. Mycorrhizal fungi have been used to enhance the plant growth and yield of medicinal crops and to help maintain good soil health and fertility that contributes to a greater extent to a sustainable yield and good quality of the products. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers and mycorrhizae inoculation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of dwarf chicory (Cichorium pumilum Jacq.) in different cuttings. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in a factorial layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (59°28 E and 36°15 N ) in 2012-2013 growing season. The experimental treatments were all combination of organic fertilizers in four levels (cow manure, humic acid, fulvic acid and control) and three levels of Mycorrhiza inoculation (Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and no inoculation) and The collected data were analyzed as split- plot in time based on randomized complete block design (due to having two cuttings during growing season) compared. The 12 fertilizer treatments and two cuts were considered as main and sub plots, respectively. The plots were 2.5*5 m (12.5 m2). The soil of the experimental field was silty loam with pH 8.09, contains total N (0.08 %), available P (10.25 ppm), and available K (286 ppm) with an EC of 1.26 dsm−1. The parameters measured were such as: leaf weight per plant, stem weight per plant, leaf/stem ratio, the leaf area index, fresh yield, dry matter yield and the poly phenol content. The poly phenol content was determined based on Wojdylo et al. (2007) method. The results were analyzed using SAS statistical program and MSTAT-C. The mean comparisons were performed using least significant difference (LSD) test. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the highest (4544 kg.ha-1) and the lowest dry matter (1739 kg.ha-1) yield were obtained in second and first cut, respectively. The results indicated that inoculation with mycorrhizal species increased the leaf area index, dry matter yield and leaf weight per plant compared with control treatment. However, there was no significant difference between G. mosseae and G. intraradices in terms of former mentioned criteria. The results showed that using organic fertilizers improved leaf area index, dry matter yield and leaf weight per plant. The highest dry matter yield (3470 kg/ha), leaf area index (1.01), stem weight per plant (11.50 g) and leaf weight per plant (0.72 g) were obtained in humic acid treatment. Studied treatments and also different cutting had no significant effect on poly phenols contents of leaves. In generally, our results showed that application of biological and organic fertilizers improved the most of studied traits of dwarf chicory and G.mosseae + humic acid treatment was the best. Conclusion: In this paper we have shown that yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by different treatment combinations of humic acid and mycorrhizal fungi and became maximum when humic acid and Glomus mossae were applied. In order to minimize contamination of the environment and sustainable agriculture, using biological and organic fertilizers can lead to reduction of chemical fertilizers application in agro ecosystems.

Litsea molis Hemsl. is a precious wild aromatic oil tree species and important medicinal plant. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the chloroplast genome of L. molis for the first time. Its complete chloroplast genome is 152,311 bp in length, containing a large single copy region of 93,258 bp and a small single copy region of 18,917 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions of 20,068 bp. The chloroplast genome contains 130 unique genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genome sequences of 36 plants from the family Lauraceae showed that L. molis is more closely related to species of Lindera genus than other genera in Lauraceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of Rosemary and Zataria extracts on three different treatments in frozen Silver carp minced were studied in normal packaging. Therefore, a control and three treatments were defined: Treatment 1 - Control: frozen meat packaged in conventional Treatment 2: Frozen Silver carp minced + Zataria 300mg/kg in normal packaging Treatment 3: Frozen Silver carp minced + Rosemary 200mg/kg in normal packaging Treatment 4: Frozen Silver carp minced + Rosemary compound (100mg/kg) and Zataria (100mg/kg) in normal packaging After quick freezing of samples in the spiral freezer by individual quick freezing method, to maintain the cold temperature (-18)°C were transferred. For six month, Sampling and measurements to determine the fatty acid profile of the zero phase beginning in the first month and then every ten days, and 15 days in the second month of the third month after the monthly test. Identifying, defining and measuring the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography was performed. In this study, levels of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in three experimental and one control were identified as follows: A: SFA: (Saturated Fatty Acid): Meristic C14: 0/ Palmitic C16: 0 /Hepta decaenoic C17: 0 / Stearic C18: 0 / Arashidic C20: 0 B: (MUFA Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid): Palmitoleic C16: 1-W7 / Oleic C18: 1-W9 /Gadoleic C20: 1 - W9 C: (PUFA Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid): Linoleic C18: 2-W6 /α-Linolenic C18:3-W3 D: (HUFA High Unsaturated Fatty Acid): Arachidonic C20: 4 - W6 Eicosa panta enoic acid C20: 5- EPA/W3 Docosa hexa enoic acid C22: 6-DHA/W3. Results of this study was to determine keep frozen fish meat containing extracts of Zataria and Rosemary in freezing conditions, stability of different types of fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acids, poly unsaturated fatty acids, high unsaturated fatty acids, So that none of the fatty acids measured, were not observed increase or decrease Changes over time while maintaining the oxidation of fatty acids is minimized. The results obtained from the profile of fatty acids and their related indices and statistical tests show the treatment contains Rosemary extract show greater stability than thyme during storage (- 18)°C. According to studies, Frozen minced fish meat treated with extracts of Rosemary, was used until the end of the storage period.

The role of biochar-microbe interaction in plant rhizosphere mediating soil-borne disease suppression has been poorly understood for plant health in field conditions. Chinese ginseng ( Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is widely cultivated in Alfisols across Northeast China, being often stressed severely by pathogenic diseases. In this study, the topsoil of a continuously cropped ginseng farm was amended at 20 t ha -1 , respectively, with manure biochar (PB), wood biochar (WB), and maize residue biochar (MB) in comparison to conventional manure compost (MC). Post-amendment changes in edaphic properties of bulk topsoil and the rhizosphere, in root growth and quality, and disease incidence were examined with field observations and physicochemical, molecular, and biochemical assays. In the 3 years following the amendment, the increases over MC in root biomass were parallel to the overall fertility improvement, being greater with MB and WB than with PB. Differently, the survival rate of ginseng plants increased insignificantly with PB but significantly with WB (14%) and MB (21%), while ginseng root quality was unchanged with WB but improved with PB (32%) and MB (56%). For the rhizosphere at harvest following 3 years of growing, the total content of phenolic acids from root exudate decreased by 56, 35, and 45% with PB, WB, and MB, respectively, over MC. For the rhizosphere microbiome, total fungal and bacterial abundance both was unchanged under WB but significantly increased under MB (by 200 and 38%), respectively, over MC. At the phyla level, abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal and Bryobacter as potentially beneficial microbes were elevated while those of Fusarium and Ilyonectria as potentially pathogenic microbes were reduced, with WB and MB over MC. Moreover, rhizosphere fungal network complexity was enhanced insignificantly under PB but significantly under WB moderately and MB greatly, over MC. Overall, maize biochar exerted a great impact rather on rhizosphere microbial community composition and networking of functional groups, particularly fungi, and thus plant defense than on soil fertility and root growth., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Liu, Xia, Tang, Liu, Bian, Yang, Zheng, Cheng, Zhang, Drosos, Li, Shan, Joseph and Pan.)

Litsea molis Hemsl. is a precious wild aromatic oil tree species and important medicinal plant. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the chloroplast genome of L. molis for the first time. Its complete chloroplast genome is 152,311 bp in length, containing a large single copy region of 93,258 bp and a small single copy region of 18,917 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions of 20,068 bp. The chloroplast genome contains 130 unique genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genome sequences of 36 plants from the family Lauraceae showed that L. molis is more closely related to species of Lindera genus than other genera in Lauraceae., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Breynia fruticosa (L.) Müll.Arg. is a well-known folk medicinal plant and found abundantly in South China. The complete chloroplast genome of B. fruticosa reported firstly here was 155,630 bp in length, including a large single-copy region with 85,065 bp (LSC), a small single-copy region with 19,441 bp (SSC) and a pair of inverted repeats with 25, 562 bp (IRa and IRb). The plastome was comprised of 112 distinct genes, with 78 protein coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes and 30 transfer RNA genes. The overall GC content of B. fruticose chloroplast genome was 36.7%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that B. fruticosa was closely related to Glochidion fruticosa ., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)