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Dabarties visuomenėse daugėja fizinių negalavimų, kuriuos sunku paaiškinti mediciniškai (MNN), nes jie stokoja aiškios patologijos. MNN prisikiriami tokie negalavimai: ilgą laiką trunkantis nuovargis, įvairaus pobūdžio skausmai (krūtinės, galvos, nugaros, pilvo, sąnarių), galvos svaigulys, nepaaiškinamos kilmės alerginiai simptomai ir t. t. MNN patiriančio paciento situacija ypatinga tuo, kad MNN atveju nėra aiškios diagnozės, o simptomai gali tęstis neapibrėžtą laiką. Nesant diagnozės sveikatos sutrikimą patiriantis asmuo patenka į sudėtingą situaciją, nes priėjimas prie sergančiojo vaidmens (ir visų su šiuo vaidmeniu susijusių teisių) yra ribotas. Dėl to asmuo gali susidurti su problema, kaip pateisinti atsitraukimą nuo turimų socialinių įsipareigojimų. Straipsnyje analizuojama, kaip paciento elgsena sveikatos priežiūros sistemos atžvilgiu yra susijusi su tam tikra jo patirtimi socialiniame gyvenime. Analizė remiasi apklausos, kurioje dalyvavo 222 MNN patirtį turintys respondentai, duomenimis. Daroma prielaida, kad MNN atveju asmens medicininės diagnozės paieškos (o drauge ir elgsena SPS atžvilgiu) gali būti susijusios su siekiu ne tik išspręsti varginančią sveikatos problemą, bet ir pateisinti pakitusią socialinę elgseną. Modern medicine is based on the identification of biological parameters of disease, a clearly defined diagnosis and correspondent treatment. However, currently medicine is facing a number of health disorders that are outside this biomedical perspective. These disorders (e.g., fatigue, various pains, etc.) lack biological basis and therefore cannot be easily medically explained, diagnosed and treated. Since these disorders may lack a clear medical diagnosis, individuals who experience them enjoy only limited access to the role of a sick person. This situation leads to a problem of justifying one’s illness. Using data from a survey with 222 individuals with an experience of a medically unexplained disorder (MUD), the article focuses on certain challenges that MUD may pose to individual’s social life and examines the link between these challenges and patient’s behaviour towards the health care system. Results of the study demonstrate that even if medical tests indicate no pathology and respondents believe their symptoms to be of nonmedical nature they further tend to seek medical examinations and referrals to health care specialists. Individuals living with MUD encounter numerous problems in their private and working life: since there is no diagnosis, their family may not accept their withdrawal from home responsibilities; individuals may feel isolated, misunderstood by their friends, and colleagues at work may blame them for simulating illness. An argument is made that... [to full text]

Suaugusių žmonių gyvensenos stebėsena Lietuvoje vykdoma nuo 1994 m. Suomijos Visuomenės sveikatos instituto iniciatyva buvo pradėtas tarptautinis FINBALT HEALTH MONITOR tyrimas, kuriame dalyvavo Suomija ir Baltijos šalys. Lietuvoje gyvensenos stebėseną vykdo Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Medicinos akademijos mokslininkai. Suaugusių Lietuvos žmonių gyvensena tiriama kas antri metai. 2012 m. atliktas dešimtasis gyvensenos tyrimas, kurio rezultatai pateikiami šiame leidinyje. A permanent health monitoring system is relevant for the evaluation of the effectiveness of health policy, health promotion and disease prevention programmes. The system should cover different health aspects, such as health status, health care services and health behaviour. In 1994 Lithuania joined international health behaviour monitoring project (FINBALT HEALTH MONITOR) which was launched together with other Baltic countries at the initiative of the national public health institute of Finland. Medical Academy of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences conducts health behaviour surveys in Lithuania. Since 1994 ten health behaviour surveys on national samples of adult population were carried-out every two years in Lithuania. The aim of the study is to assess subjective health, health behaviour and the use of health services of different socio-demographic groups, and to monitor time trends in health behaviour. This report presents the results from the survey carried-out in the year 2012.

Knygoje pristatomi nacionalinės 25-64 m. amžiaus Lietuvos gyventojų sveikatos gyvensenos stebėsenos vykdomos nuo 1944 m. kas antri metai, duomenys. Knyga naudinga vykdantiems mokslinius tyrimus visuomenės sveikatos, medicinos, socialinių mokslų srityse asmenims, sveikatos politiką formuojančioms bei įgyvendinančioms struktūroms. Knygoje pateikti duomenys gali dominti bei būti naudingi studijuojantiems biomedicinos ar socialinius mokslus, rengiantiems visuomenės sveikatos, šeimos medicinos, vadybos specialistams magistro ar daktaro darbus. Book describes data on national 25-64 year lithuanians health behaviour survey starting from 1944 every other year. Book would be useful for people who work in scientific research in social health, medical, social science area, health policy formating and materializing structures. Data presented in this book could be interesting and beneficial for biomedical and social sciences students, social health, family medicine, management specialists for preparing their master‘s and PhD.

Knygoje pristatomi nacionalinės 20-64 m. amžiaus Lietuvos gyventojų sveikatos gyvensenos stebėsenos vykdomos nuo 1944 m. kas antri metai, duomenys. Knyga naudinga vykdantiems mokslinius tyrimus visuomenės sveikatos, medicinos, socialinių mokslų srityse asmenims, sveikatos politiką formuojančioms bei įgyvendinančioms struktūroms. Knygoje pateikti duomenys gali dominti bei būti naudingi studijuojantiems biomedicinos ar socialinius mokslus, rengiantiems visuomenės sveikatos, šeimos medicinos, vadybos specialistams magistro ar daktaro darbus. Book describes data on national 20-64 year lithuanians health behaviour survey starting from 1944 every other year. Book would be useful for people who work in scientific research in social health, medical, social science area, health policy formating and materializing structures. Data presented in this book could be interesting and beneficial for biomedical and social sciences students, social health, family medicine, management specialists for preparing their master‘s and PhD.

Knygoje pristatomi nacionalinės 25-64 m. amžiaus Lietuvos gyventojų sveikatos gyvensenos stebėsenos vykdomos nuo 1994 m. kas antri metai, duomenys. Knyga naudinga vykdantiems mokslinius tyrimus visuomenės sveikatos, medicinos, socialinių mokslų srityse asmenims, sveikatos politiką formuojančioms bei įgyvendinančioms struktūroms. Knygoje pateikti duomenys gali dominti bei būti naudingi studijuojantiems biomedicinos ar socialinius mokslus, rengiantiems visuomenės sveikatos, šeimos medicinos, vadybos specialistams magistro ar daktaro darbus. Book describes data on national 25-64 year lithuanians health behaviour survey starting from 1994 every other year. Book would be useful for people who work in scientific research in social health, medical, social science area, health policy formating and materializing structures. Data presented in this book could be interesting and beneficial for biomedical and social sciences students, social health, family medicine, management specialists for preparing their master‘s and PhD.

Objective. To reveal the peculiarities of medical sociology introducing the application of social theories in analyzing public health and medicine. Methods. Comparative and descriptive analysis of scientific references found and current situation. Results. During the last decade of the 20th century, the discussions about the sociology of health and medicine as separate discipline and its practical applications became more active. Main factors determined the growing importance of discipline were institutionalization of medicine and health care, changing patterns in doctor-patient relationships, different health perceptions, understanding of the influence of social factors on health, cardinal changes in the area of health technologies, consumeristic attitude towards health, appearance of market relationships within health care, and other global phenomena. In sociology, usual social theories such as structural functionalism, conflict, symbolic interaction, poststructuralism, feminist often attempt to explain the changes within health care. There is a relation of medical sociology and other types of sociology having common areas with medicine and health being analyzed in the article, social theories and their application in the field of health and medicine are being introduced attempting to explain the ongoing social changes in both Lithuania and the world. Conclusions. More and more attention in various areas of medical activities is being paid to the social aspects (both individual and society levels) of these activities, and there is a shift from applied sociology towards medical one. Despite the cessations of the development of medical sociology as separate branch of sciences, the researches of recent years are demonstrating obvious approaching modern research issues and methods, which do exist in contemporary world. Such tendencies show the prompt approaching of the academic community of Lithuania the general scientific standards which are dominating in the globalization-effected world.

The author sheds some light on various aspects of the bioethical and biopolitical debate in Austria: basically sceptical attitude of a great part of the Austrian population towards biotechnology and genetic engineering makes up the background. The author's review of the discussions identifies primal biopolitical conflicts, e.g., on the so-called “Fristenlösung” or the conflict urrounding “green” gene technology. Phases of legal regulation (with the enacting of laws governing issues such as reproductive medicine) have been followed by an “institutionalization of bioethics” and recently by some attempts of democratization of the debate. A closer look at the participants shows that the government, the parliament and the political parties act quite reticent, allowing NGOs and, for instance, the Catholic Church to influence plenty of the debate. The author presents selected subjects of the current debate, e.g., the (still not decided) question of Austria’s ccession to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine of the Council of Europe or the implementation of the European biopatent-directive. Stem-cell research and reproductive medicine are also discussed. The author concludes with a preliminary but critical comment on the debate.

Knygoje pristatomi nacionalinės 25-64 m. amžiaus Lietuvos gyventojų sveikatos gyvensenos stebėsenos vykdomos nuo 1994 m. kas antri metai, duomenys. Knyga naudinga vykdantiems mokslinius tyrimus visuomenės sveikatos, medicinos, socialinių mokslų srityse asmenims, sveikatos politiką formuojančioms bei įgyvendinančioms struktūroms. Knygoje pateikti duomenys gali dominti bei būti naudingi studijuojantiems biomedicinos ar socialinius mokslus, rengiantiems visuomenės sveikatos, šeimos medicinos, vadybos specialistams magistro ar daktaro darbus. Book describes data on national 25-64 year lithuanians health behaviour survey starting from 1994 every other year. Book would be useful for people who work in scientific research in social health, medical, social science area, health policy formating and materializing structures. Data presented in this book could be interesting and beneficial for biomedical and social sciences students, social health, family medicine, management specialists for preparing their master‘s and PhD.

Knygoje pristatomi nacionalinės 25-64 m. amžiaus Lietuvos gyventojų sveikatos gyvensenos stebėsenos vykdomos nuo 1944 m. kas antri metai, duomenys. Knyga naudinga vykdantiems mokslinius tyrimus visuomenės sveikatos, medicinos, socialinių mokslų srityse asmenims, sveikatos politiką formuojančioms bei įgyvendinančioms struktūroms. Knygoje pateikti duomenys gali dominti bei būti naudingi studijuojantiems biomedicinos ar socialinius mokslus, rengiantiems visuomenės sveikatos, šeimos medicinos, vadybos specialistams magistro ar daktaro darbus. Book describes data on national 25-64 year lithuanians health behaviour survey starting from 1944 every other year. Book would be useful for people who work in scientific research in social health, medical, social science area, health policy formating and materializing structures. Data presented in this book could be interesting and beneficial for biomedical and social sciences students, social health, family medicine, management specialists for preparing their master‘s and PhD.