322 results on '"Medicina Forense"'
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2. Simulación de la escena del crimen: un enfoque novedoso para la enseñanza de la medicina forense.
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Ximena Jaramillo-Rincón, Sandra, Cortés-Castro, César, Contreras-Villamizar, Lucero, Morales-Puentes, Karen, and Núñez-Ordóñez, Nicolás
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MEDICAL students ,MEDICAL education ,FORENSIC medicine ,TEACHING methods ,VIOLENT deaths - Abstract
Copyright of Voces y Silencios is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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3. ESTÁGIO ELETIVO EM MEDICINA LEGAL: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA EM UM SERVIÇO DE VERIFICAÇÃO DE ÓBITO.
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Esteca da Silva, Júlia and Carolina Nonato, Ana
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INTERDISCIPLINARY education ,FORENSIC medicine ,LEGAL procedure ,TEACHING hospitals ,MEDICAL schools ,AUTOPSY - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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4. PERFIL DE ÓBITOS ASSOCIADOS À TRAUMA ABDOMINAL SUBMETIDOS AO INSTITUTO MÉDICO-LEGAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE TOLEDO – PR.
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Matos Aliseda, Melissa, Kelly Sabec-Pereira, Dayane, Leite, Jefferson, and Fernando Pereira, Kleber
- Abstract
Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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5. NON-FATAL STRANGULATION/SUFFOCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GENDER VIOLENCE: MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE.
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Núñez Garrido, Mónica and Herrera Umanzor, Sergio
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INTIMATE partner violence -- Law & legislation ,FORENSIC medicine ,CRIME ,LEGISLATION ,BRAIN ,COMPUTED tomography ,ASPHYXIA ,AGGRESSION (Psychology) ,BONE fractures ,DOMESTIC violence ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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6. O DÉFICIT DE PERITOS À DISPOSIÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA E COMO SOLUCIONAR A FALTA DE MÃO DE OBRA QUALIFICADA PARA COMPOR ESTE MERCADO.
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Xavier Pascoal, Julia Giovana, da Silva Mendes, Luana, and Conilho, Renato
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CELL phones ,CRIME writing ,ELECTRONIC equipment ,JUSTICE administration ,CRIMINAL codes - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Death and disappearance at border crossings: factualization devices and truth(s) accounts.
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Lize, Paola Díaz and Fischer, Anna Rahel
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MEDICAL examiners (Law) , *BORDER crossing , *GOVERNMENT accounting , *AESTHETICS , *PUBLIC sphere , *SPHERES , *RETURN migration - Abstract
In this article, we analyze three forensic and counter-forensic devices that go beyond the strictly medico-legal realm to show which concrete practices and truth-spots contribute to (re)constructing a public account of migrant deaths and disappearances along border zones. Drawing on written documents and semi-structured interviews, we examine operations led by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Europe and Africa, the work of the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner (PCOME) together with the NGO Colibrí Center for Human Rights in Arizona, and Forensic Oceanography's (FO) open-source investigations of shipwrecks of migrants in the Central Mediterranean Sea and the structural violence embedded in militarized border regimes. We argue that these practices constitute factualization devices, namely practices that transform lived experience of death and disappearance into an objectified reality that can be visibilized and mobilized in the public sphere as part of a counter-narrative. We demonstrate how these factualization practices are imbricated in valuation practices, i.e. practices that ascribe not only an epistemological but also an ethical, aesthetic and political value to the work of objectification, which inform the production of truth narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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8. Avanços diagnósticos em violência sexual: aspectos forenses
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Carmen Silvia Molleis Galego Miziara, Beatriz Mariana Silva de Oliveira, Nicoly Ogeda da Silva, Mayara da Matta Frederico, Larissa Fagundes de Paula, Julia Corrêa Gabriel, and Ivan Dieb Miziara
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Violência Sexual ,Medicina Forense ,Prova Pericial ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: a violência sexual é problema de saúde pública, cujos dados são, provavelmente, subnotificados em serviços de saúde em decorrência da falha na identificação das vítimas, ou de notificações compulsórias ao sistema de saúde e à autoridade policial. Essa problemática apresenta variações de acordo com idade e sexo das vítimas. OBJETIVO: mostrar as principais técnicas de identificação criminológica de vítimas de violência sexual, com adequação às faixas etárias e ao sexo. MÉTODO: revisão narrativa de literatura na base de dados PubMed com os descritores “Violência Sexual; Medicina Forense, Prova Pericial”, sem limite de tempos de busca. Foram incluídos artigos em português, inglês e espanhol e obtidos na íntegra. RESULTADOS e DISCUSSÃO: a identificação do abuso em crianças varia de múltiplos fatores (idade, sexo, modus operandi do agressor etc.). Muitos crimes sexuais não deixam vestígios físicos nas vítimas, ou os vestígios deixados necessitam de técnicas aperfeiçoadas para a análise. A prática médico-legal convencional nem sempre consegue oferecer ao juízo a prova técnica irrefutável. Avanços na área de identificação do agressor por meio de material biológico deixado na vítima têm mostrado resultados promissores, muitos deles ainda inacessíveis na nossa prática. A atualização, quanto aos novos métodos, deve abrir discussão quanto à sua aplicabilidade e assim incluir novos métodos na rotina médico-pericial forense em busca de vestígios e de resultados. CONCLUSÃO: os testes para a identificação criminológica das vítimas possibilitam oferecer segurança e conforto, mesmo em casos tardios, e estabelecer medidas de proteção a fim de reduzir a reincidência do abuso.
- Published
- 2022
9. Código ético y de buenas prácticas del Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Alicante
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Galiana Vila, Pedro, Pastor Bravo, María del Mar, Rodes Lloret, Fernando, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Galiana Vila, Pedro, Pastor Bravo, María del Mar, and Rodes Lloret, Fernando
- Abstract
Los múltiples cambios legislativos recientes en materia de violencia de género, medidas de apoyo a personas con discapacidad, atención a personas privadas de libertad, atención a víctimas de violencia sexual, atención a la infancia y adolescencia…Tienen como denominador común el enfoque centrado en actuaciones periciales multidisciplinares, informes integrales y la atención centrada en la víctima. Los IMLCF no pueden ser ajenos a esta nueva realidad y deben adaptar su manera de trabajar y elaborar los dictámenes periciales a este nuevo contexto médico legal. Desde el IMLCF de Alicante se ha diseñado el presente código cuyos pilares se sustentan en los valores éticos del respeto a la dignidad humana, la atención centrada en la persona, la profesionalidad y el rigor profesional, la intimidad y la confidencialidad, y el respeto a la diversidad y no discriminación de los usuarios. El presente código ético abarca las buenas prácticas en el servicio de clínica médico forense, el servicio de patología forense, en las actuaciones urgentes médico-forenses de guardia, en los equipos de psicología y trabajo social, por el personal funcionario de la administración pública y en la unidad docente MIR. La elaboración de guías de buenas prácticas son herramientas fundamentales para garantizar que los profesionales actúen de manera ética y responsable en su trabajo. Estos códigos establecen estándares y principios que deben seguirse en el ejercicio de la profesión, planteando como objetivos fundamentales conseguir una Administración de Justicia más humana, cercana y de calidad, una actuación entrada en la atención integral a las víctimas y colectivos más vulnerables, y la búsqueda de la excelencia profesional. Presentamos nuestro código ético y guía de buenas prácticas en el que se establecen los valores éticos, deontológicos y principios de actuación fundamentales del IMLCF de Alicante., Recent legislative changes regarding gender-based violence, support measures for people with disabilities, care for individuals deprived of liberty, attention to victims of sexual violence, and care for children and adolescents have a common goal: focusing on multidisciplinary expert actions, comprehensive reports, and victim-centered care. The IMLCF cannot remain oblivious to this new reality and must adapt its methods of working and preparing expert opinions to this new forensic context. In response, the IMLCF of Alicante has designed the present code, which is based on the ethical values of respect for human dignity, person-centered care, professionalism and professional rigor, privacy and confidentiality, and respect for diversity and non-discrimination of users. This ethical code encompasses best practices in the forensic medical clinic service, the forensic pathology service, urgent on-call forensic medical actions, the psychology and social work teams, public administration staff, and the MIR teaching unit. The development of best practice guidelines is a fundamental tool to ensure that professionals act ethically and responsibly in their work. These guidelines establish standards and principles that must be followed in the practice of the profession, with the primary objectives of achieving a more humane, accessible, and high-quality justice system, providing comprehensive care to victims and more vulnerable groups, and striving for professional excellence. We present our ethical code and best practice guidelines, which establish the ethical values, deontological principles, and fundamental principles of action for the IMLCF of Alicante.
- Published
- 2024
10. La producción social del compromiso en tiempos difíciles: socorristas, médicos de urgencias y forenses
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Camargo, Luis Miguel and Camargo, Luis Miguel
- Abstract
This article proposes a sociology of commitment in hard times, based on the experience lived during the 1980s and 1990s by a group of professionals whose work was carried out on the front line of attention to the bodily effects of armed violence – relief, emergency hospital care and forensic medical expertise – in the urban centres with the highest demographic and institutional concentration in Colombia – Bogota, Medellin, and Cali. In this context, how did these individuals adapt to their respective jobs? To what extent does the formation of a commitment to certain common causes help to explain the maintenance and transformation of immediate care work? This article also hopes to shed new light on the social, political and health situation that the country went through at that time, characterized not only by a crisis of armed violence but also of legitimacy and political-institutional precariousness: if the focus has mostly been on the critical horizon of collapse and chaos, empirical studies explaining the processes of social and institutional recomposition in these difficult times are still lacking. A qualitative and inductive perspective is therefore adopted here. An original oral corpus is examined according to the processes of codification, saturation, categorization and progressive problematization, and a triangulation of the resulting data with a diverse set of written sources is carried out. The richness of the oral corpus lies mainly in its content and testimonial value. These particularities have been captured through the tools of a certain interactionist and pragmatic sociology. Thus, the complexity and variations over time of the adaptation of individuals to their respective jobs of immediate attention have been revealed. Above all, it has been shown that the emergence of certain modalities of firm commitment in the face of the ravages of armed violence, aimed at underpinning professional values, adapting, and transforming care services and nurturing pub, Neste artigo propõe-se uma sociologia de compromisso em tempos difíceis, com base na experiência vivida durante as décadas 1980 e 1990 por um grupo de profissionais cujo trabalho foi realizado na linha da frente da atenção aos efeitos corporais da violência armada —ajuda de emergência, atendimento hospitalar de emergência e perícia médica forense— nos centros urbanos de maior concentração demográfica e institucional na Colômbia —Bogotá, Medellín e Cali—. Nesse contexto, como se formou o vínculo com seus respectivos empregos e que significados específicos eles atribuíram à atividade em si? Até que ponto a formação de um compromisso com determinadas causas comuns ajuda a explicar a manutenção e a transformação do trabalho de atendimento imediato? Neste artigo também espera-se lançar uma nova luz sobre a situação social, política e de saúde do país naquela época, caracterizada não apenas por uma crise de violência armada, mas também de legitimidade e precariedade político-institucional: se o olhar esteve por muito tempo orientado para o horizonte crítico do colapso e do caos, ainda faltam estudos empíricos que expliquem os processos de recomposição social e institucional nesses tempos difíceis. Adota-se aqui uma perspectiva qualitativa e indutiva: um corpus oral inédito é examinado de acordo com os processos de codificação, saturação, categorização e problematização progressiva, e é realizada uma triangulação dos dados resultantes com um conjunto diversificado de fontes escritas. A particularidade do corpus oral foi capturada por meio das ferramentas da sociologia interacionista e pragmática e reside em seu valor de testemunho e no fato de ter sido estruturado em torno de três elos na cadeia de cuidados. Dessa forma, foi demonstrado o surgimento progressivo de certas formas de compromisso firme diante da devastação da violência armada, com o objetivo de sustentar os valores profissionais, adaptar e transformar os serviços de atendimento e alimentar o debate público, e, This article proposes a sociology of commitment in hard times, based on the experience lived during the 1980s and 1990s by a group of professionals whose work was carried out on the front line of attention to the bodily effects of armed violence —relief, emergency hospital care, and forensic medical expertise— in the urban centres with the highest demographic and institutional concentration in Colombia —Bogota, Medellin, and Cali—. In this context, how was the link with their respective jobs formed and what specific meanings did they attribute to the activity itself? To what extent does the formation of a commitment to determined common causes help to explain the maintenance and transformation of immediate care work? This article also hopes to shed new light on the social, political, and health situation that the country went through at that time, characterized not only by a crisis of armed violence but also of legitimacy and political-institutional precariousness: if the focus has mostly been on the critical horizon of collapse and chaos, empirical studies explaining the processes of social and institutional rebuilding in these difficult times are still lacking. A qualitative and inductive perspective is therefore adopted here. An original oral corpus is examined according to the processes of codification, saturation, categorization and progressive problematization, and a triangulation of the resulting data with a diverse set of written sources is carried out. The particularity of the oral corpus has been captured through the tools of interactionist and pragmatic perspective in sociology and lies in its testimonial value and in the fact that it is structured around three links in the care chain. Thus, it has shown the progressive emergence of some modalities of firm commitment in the face of the ravages of armed violence, aimed at underpinning professional values, adapting, and transforming care services and feeding the public debate, and it has been concluded that
- Published
- 2024
11. Questões forenses nos serviços do SNS com atendimento de urgência
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Inês Silva and Agostinho Santos
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serviços de urgência/SNS ,recolha de evidências ,preservação de evidências ,procedimentos/guidelines ,medicina forense ,Medicine - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Cambios Histológicos del Tejido Muscular Estriado Lingual en Ratas Sprague Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) para Estimar el Intervalo Postmortem.
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Guerrero-Urbina, Clivia, Fors, Martha, Vásquez, Bélgica, Rodríguez-Guerrero, Marjorie, and Fonseca, Gabriel M.
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SPRAGUE Dawley rats , *POSTMORTEM changes , *FORENSIC medicine , *STRIATED muscle , *CELL nuclei , *AUTOPSY , *SKELETAL muscle - Abstract
The postmortem interval (PMI) equals the time that has elapsed since a human being has died until his postmortem examination. After death, the body experiences modifications in its physical and chemical composition know as postmortem changes expressed by signs that can be analyzed for the calculation of the MPI. The aim of the study was to describe the histological changes present in rat lingual striated musculature in different PMIs. 10 two-month-old male Sprague dawley rats were used. The animals were euthanized and left at room temperature (4-14 °C) to sample the tongue at different PMIs (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours postmortem). The study was carried out considering the recommendations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde and processed for inclusion in paraplast. 5 mm thick sections were made and stained with HE for analysis with light microscopy. Histological changes in the striated muscle cells of the tongue were associated with the different PMIs. At 6 hours postmortem, there were initial changes in nuclear morphology and its pigmentation. At 12 and 24 hours postmortem, changes in muscle striae and an increase in the number of cases with nuclear alterations were observed. At 48 and 72 hours postmortem, cytoplasmic vacuoles, changes in myofiber coloration, and increased nuclear alterations were evident. At 92 and 120 hours postmortem, a decrease in muscle striae and cell nuclei was observed. The nuclei were pyknotic and pinpoint; there was loss of cell morphology and presence of smooth muscle. In conclusion, changes in the histology of rat lingual skeletal muscle make it possible to estimate MPI. This model could be applicable to forensic medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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13. Assessment of Awareness, Knowledge and Attitudes about the Importance of Cadaver and Cadaver Donation: Report of Izmir, Turkey/Evaluacion de la Conciencia, el Conocimiento y las Actitudes sobre la Importancia del Cadaver y la Donacion de Cadaveres: Informe de Izmir, Turquia
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Erdogan, Kübra, Özen, Kemal Emre, Yildiz, Hayrullah, and Malas, Mehmet Ali
- Published
- 2020
14. Image Analysis of Morphometric Evaluation from the Heart Valves for Age Estimation in Thai Population/Analisis de la Evaluacion Morfometrica de las Valvas Cardiacas para la Estimacion de la Edad en la Poblacion Tailandesa
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Gumpangseth, Treerat, Komutrattananont, Pornhatai, Palee, Patison, Prasitwattanaseree, Sukon, and Mahakkanukrauh, Pasuk
- Published
- 2020
15. Aneurismas. Revisión Bibliográfica.
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Adoni J Duarte Pineda and Nicolás Sabillón
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Aneurisma ,Patología vascular ,Factores de riesgo ,Tratamiento ,Medicina forense ,Revisión bibliográfica ,Criminal law and procedure ,K5000-5582 ,Medical legislation ,K3601-3611 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ,HV1-9960 - Abstract
El estudio de los aneurismas reviste de especial interés en el campo de la medicina y de la medicina forense en particular ya que causan muerte súbita. Se definen como una dilatación anómala en la pared circunferencial de un vaso sanguíneo o de la pared del corazón. Se clasifican como aneurismas verdaderos y aneurismas falsos (pseudoaneurismas). Los verdaderos se clasifican como sacciformes y fusiformes. Aparecen según su patogenia como productos de factores promotores y desencadenantes que alteran la forma y función de la pared vascular y su debilitamiento, procesos ateroescleróticos e hipertensivos, alteraciones del tejido conectivo y de la matriz extracelular de la pared vascular e infecciones. Pueden aparecer en diferentes regiones corporales; aunque son más frecuentes en la aorta. En el abdomen están asociados a ateroesclerosis; los torácicos a hipertensión y los cerebrales como multifactoriales incluyendo las congénitas. El diagnóstico puede ser muy difícil y este se basa en la presentación clínica y diversos estudios de imagen como la arteriografía de contraste, el ultrasonido, la tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética. El tratamiento de los aneurismas arteriales se ha limitado a la intervención quirúrgica.
- Published
- 2020
16. Violencia y sueño. Somnología forense.
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Pareja, Juan A. and Gómez-Cibeira, Emilio
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- 2020
17. El cos de la dona maltractada, sota l'escrutini mèdic: els casos de València i Lleida en la baixa edat mitjana.
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FERRAGUD, CARMEL and ROCA, GUILLEM
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VIOLENCE against women ,DOMESTIC violence ,ABUSE of women ,HEALERS ,TORTURE ,FORENSIC medicine - Abstract
Copyright of Scripta is the property of Scripta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Semántica de los términos medicina legal y medicina forense.
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García Garduza, Ismael
- Abstract
www.medigraphic.org.mx Objective: Based on bibliographic research, the importance of linguistics in the medical field will be analyzed and we will know the definitions that are given of Legal Medicine and Forensic Medicine and other words, to know if they are attached to semantics and, if not, specify them to improve and unify, in Mexico, the medical language. Development of the topic. The definition of words such as: tooth, autopsy, autopsy and necrotomy is disclosed, and whether these descriptions are consistent with the use given to them in forensic medical practice. The definitions and competences attributed to the «Medical Jurisprudence», «Legal Medicine» and «Forensic Medicine» are transcribed, nationally and internationally, and those of different authors are compared to know which ones are based on the good use of the linguistics, ending with precise definitions, hoping to standardize the good use of language and lexicographical reasoning. Conclusion: Definitions and areas of competence of legal medicine and forensic medicine were established, in order to achieve coherent teaching programs in Mexico and make professional, academic, lexicographic, social and legal knowledge of the attributions of each of these medical specialties are real. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Morphometric Analysis of Bite Mark Patterns Caused by Domestic Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) Using Dental Wax Registers/Analisis de Patrones de Huellas de Mordedura Producidos por Perros Domesticos (Canis lupus familiaris) Utilizando Registros en Cera Dental
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Toledo-González, V.A., Ortega-Ojeda, F.E., Fonseca, G.M., García-Ruiz, C., and Pérez-Lloret, P.
- Published
- 2019
20. Abordaje médico forense para determinar signos cadavéricos característicos de una anoxemia por sumersión
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Pulgar Haro, Héctor David, Almeida Alvarado, Jhoanna Cristina, Carrillo Sañay, Maritza Verónica, Paguay Moreno, Ángel Ramiro, Pulgar Haro, Héctor David, Almeida Alvarado, Jhoanna Cristina, Carrillo Sañay, Maritza Verónica, and Paguay Moreno, Ángel Ramiro
- Abstract
Forensic medicine has among its purposes to contribute to the study of mechanisms and causes of death, both suicidal and homicidal and accidental, thus facilitating the work of judicial institutions. Anoxemia is the term used to express the gradual impoverishment of blood in oxygen, which leads to the paralysis of all vital functions with repercussions in all systems, there are different types of anoxemia and its different subgroups, with their respective findings. anatomical, since there is a great variety, the medical-legal implications are fundamental to carry out a good medical-legal expertise. Asphyxia represent a relevant issue within Legal Medicine and especially within Forensic Pathology. The characteristic signs and findings described in cases of anoxemia are carefully studied to determine the true etiology of death. In anoxemia by submersion it includes the failure of the supply, in the transfer, in the transport or in the uptake and use of oxygen, for which the objective of the study determined to describe the different cadaveric signs that appear in anoxemia by submersion as findings through a medical-legal autopsy., La medicina forense tiene entre sus propósitos contribuir al estudio de mecanismos y las causas de muerte tanto suicida como homicida y accidental, facilitando de esta manera la labor de las instituciones judiciales. La anoxemia, es el término utilizado para expresar el empobrecimiento gradual de la sangre en oxígeno, lo que conduce a la paralización de todas las funciones vitales con repercusiones en todos los sistemas, existen diferentes tipos de anoxemias y sus diferentes subgrupos, con sus respectivos hallazgos anatómicos, ya que existe una gran variedad, las implicaciones medico legales son fundamentales para realizar un buen peritaje médico legal. Las asfixias representan un tema relevante dentro de la Medicina Legal y sobre todo dentro de la Patología Forense. Los signos y hallazgos característicos descritos en casos de anoxemias son estudiados con gran minuciosidad para determinar la verdadera etiología de muerte. En la anoxemia por sumersión comprende el fallo del suministro, en la transferencia, en el transporte o en la captación y utilización de oxígeno, por los cual el objetivo del estudio determinara describir los distintos signos cadavéricos que se presentan en las anoxemias por sumersión como hallazgos principales a través de una autopsia médico – legal.
- Published
- 2023
21. Estimación de la talla a partir de la longitud de la huella del pie
- Author
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Rodes Lloret, Fernando, Lirola Fornieles, Ángela, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Rodes Lloret, Fernando, and Lirola Fornieles, Ángela
- Abstract
El hallazgo de una huella plantar humana en el lugar donde se ha cometido un delito tiene un alto valor policial y médico forense, no solo identificativo a través de los dibujos que dejan las crestas papilares de la planta del pie, sino que además puede permitir estimar la talla del autor de esta. Se presenta un estudio sobre 50 individuos españoles, caucasoides, en los que a partir de la longitud de sus huellas plantares se han obtenido ecuaciones de regresión para estimar su talla. Se han elaborado ecuaciones de regresión para hombres, mujeres y ambos sexos., The discovery of a human footprint in the place where a crime has been committed has a high police and forensic medical value, not only identifying through the drawings left by the papillary ridges on the sole of the foot, but also can allow estimating the size of the author of this. Astudy on 50 Spanish, caucasoid individuals is presented, in which regression equations have been obtained from the length of their footprints to estimate their size. Regression equations have been developed for men, women and both sexes.
- Published
- 2023
22. El caso de los cerebros de la Pedraja: Ciencias forenses y memoria histórica en España
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Francisco Etxeberria and Fernando Serrulla
- Subjects
medicina forense ,antropología forense ,criminalística ,derechos humanos ,memoria histórica ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 ,Information resources (General) ,ZA3040-5185 - Abstract
Se presentan las claves de la intervención forense como manera de obtener pruebas formales aplicables a las reivindicaciones de la memoria histórica en España a partir del año 2000 en el marco general de los derechos humanos en los que se insertan. Para atender esta demanda social existen medios humanos y materiales suficientes, pero se requiere el impulso de todas las administraciones públicas. A modo de ejemplo presentamos el inusual fenómeno de conservación de cerebros de la fosa común de La Pedraja 1. El estudio de estos cerebros ha permitido conocer la posible existencia de lesiones previas a la muerte. Una forma de profundizar en la investigación forense ochenta años después de ocurridos los hechos.
- Published
- 2020
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23. POSSIBILITIES OF SEMEN STAIN IDENTIFICATION AFTER CLOTHING AND BEDDING WASHING IN INVESTIGATING CASES OF SEXUAL ASSAULT.
- Author
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MUSSABEKOVA, Saule Amangeldievna
- Subjects
- *
SEXUAL assault , *SEX crimes , *ACID phosphatase , *PROSTATE-specific antigen , *WASHING machines , *BEDDING , *SEMEN - Abstract
Identifying semen stains on clothing and bedding is a crucial component in investigating cases of sexual assault. In some cases, clothing and bedding have already been washed before they were removed and sent for forensic examination. There is insufficient data on best practices for handling traces of semen on clothes after washing. This work aimed to study the possibility of identifying traces of semen on clothes after washing using widely used techniques. To simulate typical physical evidence, donor semen samples were applied to pieces of clothing made from various fabrics. The clothes were washed under multiple conditions (with the help of nonbiological and biological (enzyme-containing) agents, and across numerous washing machines). After washing, the washing stains were characterized by the presence of fluorescence signal, spermatozoa (Koren -- Stokis method), the determination of acid phosphatase, prostate-specific antigen and semenogelin, as well as the results of serological research according to the AB0 system and DNA analysis. Clothing analysis using these methods was shown to be effective in experimental conditions. However, the presence of enzymes as detergent components designed to destroy biogenic stains significantly affect the results of the identification of semen stains. It has been established that the full genetic profile can be obtained from semen stains even after washing three times. Different strategies are needed to detect, select and identify semen stains depending on the circumstances of a case. It is recommended to examine clothing and bedding, even if the specimens were previously washed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Descripción anatomopatológica de un caso de traumatología en puercoespín ( Coendou rufescens )
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Santiago Duque-Arias, José L. Caraballo Ávila, and Daisy A. Gómez-Ruiz
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medicina forense ,General Veterinary ,necropsy ,radiografía ,forensic medicine ,Eretizonthidae ,radiography ,necropsia - Abstract
RESUMEN El puercoespín Coendou rufescens es un roedor de hábitos arborícolas y locomoción trepadora, pero pueden desplazarse con facilidad en el suelo de manera ocasional, lo cual los hace vulnerables a las colisiones por atropellamiento en áreas naturales inmersas en zonas urbanas con alto flujo vehicular. En este trabajo se presenta el caso de atropellamiento de un puercoespín macho adulto en el norte de la Cordillera Central de Colombia, mediante la implementación de una evaluación radiográfica y post mortem. El estudio radiológico evidenció múltiples fracturas a nivel de cráneo, extremidades anteriores, parrilla costal derecha y los cuerpos vertebrales. La necropsia mostró múltiples lesiones en el sistema tegumentario, músculo esquelético y sistema nervioso, incluyendo la presencia de politraumatismo en cabeza y cuello, con pérdida de la parte superior del cráneo y la ruptura del corazón a nivel de ambos atrios. Los hallazgos más importantes incluyeron el estallido cardíaco y la fragmentación del cráneo, siendo difícil establecer la causa específica de muerte. ABSTRACT The porcupine Coendou rufescens is a rodent with arboreal habits and climbing locomotion, but they can move easily on the ground occasionally, which has made them vulnerable to collisions due to being run over in natural areas immersed in urban areas with high traffic flow. This paper presents the case of an adult male porcupine being run over in the north of the Central Cordillera of Colombia, through the implementation of a radiographic and post mortem evaluation. The radiological study showed multiple fractures at the level of the skull, forelimbs, right rib cage, and vertebral bodies. The necropsy showed multiple injuries to the integumentary system, musculoskeletal system, and nervous system, including the presence of polytrauma to the head and neck, with loss of the upper part of the skull and heart rupture at the level of both atria. The most important findings included cardiac burst and skull fragmentation, making it difficult to establish the specific cause of death.
- Published
- 2023
25. Descripción anatomopatológica de un caso de traumatología en puercoespín (Coendou rufescens)
- Author
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Duque-Arias, Santiago, Caraballo Ávila, José L., and Gómez-Ruiz, Daisy A.
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medicina forense ,necropsy ,radiografía ,forensic medicine ,Eretizonthidae ,radiography ,necropsia - Abstract
The porcupine Coendou rufescens is a rodent with arboreal habits and climbing locomotion, but they can move easily on the ground occasionally, which has made them vulnerable to collisions due to being run over in natural areas immersed in urban areas with high traffic flow. This paper presents the case of an adult male porcupine being run over in the north of the Central Cordillera of Colombia, through the implementation of a radiographic and post mortem evaluation. The radiological study showed multiple fractures at the level of the skull, forelimbs, right rib cage, and vertebral bodies. The necropsy showed multiple injuries to the integumentary system, musculoskeletal system, and nervous system, including the presence of polytrauma to the head and neck, with loss of the upper part of the skull and heart rupture at the level of both atria. The most important findings included cardiac burst and skull fragmentation, making it difficult to establish the specific cause of death., El puercoespín Coendou rufescens es un roedor de hábitos arborícolas y locomoción trepadora, pero pueden desplazarse con facilidad en el suelo de manera ocasional, lo cual los hace vulnerables a las colisiones por atropellamiento en áreas naturales inmersas en zonas urbanas con alto flujo vehicular. En este trabajo se presenta el caso de atropellamiento de un puercoespín macho adulto en el norte de la Cordillera Central de Colombia, mediante la implementación de una evaluación radiográfica y post mortem. El estudio radiológico evidenció múltiples fracturas a nivel de cráneo, extremidades anteriores, parrilla costal derecha y los cuerpos vertebrales. La necropsia mostró múltiples lesiones en el sistema tegumentario, músculo esquelético y sistema nervioso, incluyendo la presencia de politraumatismo en cabeza y cuello, con pérdida de la parte superior del cráneo y la ruptura del corazón a nivel de ambos atrios. Los hallazgos más importantes incluyeron el estallido cardíaco y la fragmentación del cráneo, siendo difícil establecer la causa específica de muerte.
- Published
- 2023
26. O Uso dos Marcadores Epigenéticos na Área Forense
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Jéssica Sopran and Fernando Russo Costa do Bomfim
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Forensic medicine ,Medicina forense ,Human anthropology ,Antropologia forense ,Epigenetic ,Epigenética ,Law ,Medicine - Abstract
A criminalística sempre busca inovar as suas ideias de maneira a esclarecer a autoria e execução de um crime, de forma inegável. Por um longo período, a pesquisa de polimorfismos na sequência de DNA satélites ou DNA mitocondrial vem sendo aplicada na identificação criminal. Entretanto, esses métodos carregam limitações, apesar de serem frequentemente utilizados na identificação forense. Desta forma, este estudo visa a possibilidade da utilização de técnicas epigenéticas complementares as técnicas normalmente utilizadas na genética forense. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é descrever o uso de marcadores epigenéticos, em particular a metilação do DNA na prática forense. Como metodologia do trabalho foi realizada uma revisão de literatura existente sobre o assunto, como o acesso a artigos publicados em periódicos disponibilizados em bases de dados como SciELO, PubMed, MEDLIN, com os seguintes descritores segundo o Decs: medicina forense, identificação humana e epigenética. A análise de alterações epigenéticas, pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a identificação de indivíduos, possibilita a avaliação de como e quando o material biológico foi exposto à cena de crime, além de estimatimar a idade dos envolvidos. Com base na revisão efetuada constata-se que a técnica baseada na metilação do DNA tem especificidade superior aos testes proteicos, pois elimina a detecção cruzada, evitando falsos positivos, e podem ser vistas como ferramentas valiosas e complementares nos estudos de genética forense, trazendo uma vantagem adicional aos métodos existentes. No entanto, outros estudos ainda devem ser desenvolvidos para que se tenha uma melhor caracterização do padrão de metilação humana.
- Published
- 2019
27. Rango de Referencia del Peso Cerebral Post-Mortem para una Poblacion Sudafricana Seleccionada
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Govender, S., Lazarus, L., De Gama, B.Z., and Satyapal, K.S.
- Published
- 2018
28. La necesaria vinculación académica entre la Patología Forense y la Anatomía Patológica
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César Augusto Durán López
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Vinculación ,Medicina Forense ,Anatomía Patológica ,Criminal law and procedure ,K5000-5582 ,Medical legislation ,K3601-3611 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ,HV1-9960 - Abstract
La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras tiene en su oferta académica los posgrados en Anatomía Patológica y en Medicina Legal y Forense, al formar profesionales que investigan la causa de muerte haciendo énfasis desde perspectivas distintas, es recomendable que ambos posgrados se vinculen académicamente para que los estudiantes desarrollen las competencias que permitan analizar integralmente las causas de muerte.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Estudio médico-forense de la violencia de género en víctimas jóvenes
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García Camañes, Daniel and De Luis García, María José
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medicina forense ,type of abuse ,vulnerabilidad ,jóvenes ,tipo de maltrato ,vulnerability ,forensic medicine ,General Medicine ,Violencia de género ,Gender violence ,young people - Abstract
Introducción: La violencia de género en España es un problema de salud complejo, prevalente en mujeres de 16-24 años de edad (18,9%), sin entenderse los motivos. Para conocerlos la intervención médico-forense es primordial, evaluando el daño e identificando los indicadores de vulnerabilidad de estas víctimas según su protocolo de actuación. Objetivos: Describir las características médico- legales del daño por violencia de género en mujeres jóvenes, así como los factores de vulnerabilidad asociados. Método: Estudio epidemiológico, retrospectivo y descriptivo de los expedientes forenses de víctimas de violencia de género evaluadas en el Instituto de Medicina Legal de Castellón en 2020, siendo un 22,9% del grupo de 16-24 años. Se elaboró una hoja Excel con los datos, analizándose con spss. Resultados: Muestra de 42 víctimas, de 20,8 años de media, procedencia extranjera (45,2%), desempleada (44,4%) o estudiante (16,7%). Un 15,8% consume alcohol y cocaína, el 31,6% intenta dejar la relación, y el 28,2% es amenazada. La violencia fue infligida por su pareja (68,4%), el fin de semana (31,7%), siendo habitual (31,6%). Predomina el maltrato físico (88,1%) por agarre (41,2%) sufriendo contusiones simples el 80,6% y heridas el 38,9%. El daño psíquico (47,6%) consiste en conductas controladoras (87,5%) e insultos (68,8%), sufriendo labilidad afectiva (2,7%). Conclusiones: La víctima tipo es una mujer española, desempleada, cuya pareja le causa lesiones físicas, contusiones simples por agarre, el fin de semana. Los indicadores de vulnerabilidad presentes son: la procedencia extranjera, la dependencia económica por desempleo, las adicciones, los intentos de abandono y la percepción de peligro ante amenazas de muerte. Es necesario detectarlos para adoptar medidas preventivas y protectoras específicas. Introduction: Gender-based violence in Spain, is a complex health problem, prevalent in women aged 16-24 years (18.9%), without understanding the reasons. In order to understand them, medical forensic intervention is essential, assessing the damage and identifying the vulnerability indicators of these victims according to their protocol of action. Objectives: To describe the medical and legal characteristics of Gender-based violence harm in young women, as well as the associated vulnerability factors. Methods: Epidemiological, retrospective and descriptive study of the forensic records of victims of gbv evaluated at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Castellón in 2020, 22.9% of whom were aged 16- 24 years. An Excel sheet was created with the data and analysed with spss. Results: Sample of 42 victims, with an average age of 20.8 years, foreign origin (45.2%), unemployed (44.4%) or student (16.7%), 15.8% consumed alcohol and cocaine, 31.6% tried to leave the relationship, and 28.2% were threatened. Violence was inflicted by the partner (68.4%), at weekends (31.7%), being habitual (31.6%). Physical abuse (88.1%) by grabbing (41.2%) was predominant, with 80.6% suffering simple contusions and 38.9% injuries. Psychological harm (47.6%) consists of controlling behaviour (87.5%) and insults (68.8%), suffering affective lability (2.7%). Conclusions: The typical victim is a Spanish woman, unemployed, whose partner causes her physical injuries, simple contusions by grabbing, at the weekend. The vulnerability indicators are: foreign origin, economic dependence due to unemployment, addictions, abandonment attempts and the perception of danger by death threats. It is necessary to detect them in order to adopt specific preventive and protective measures.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. La distorsión de la memoria en niños en la entrevista forense
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Roma, María Cecilia, MenteClara Foundation, and Fundación MenteClara
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Psicología ,medicina forense ,Psychology ,forensic Medicine ,Memory distortion ,Forensic interview ,Children ,false memories ,Distorsión de memoria ,Entrevista forense ,Niños ,Falsas memorias - Abstract
The article deals with the different theories that explain memory distortions, intentional or not, especially in children. The different types of questions that make it possible to obtain information and the particularities of the interviewers to facilitate this recovery or influence the answers are analyzed. The approach is a systematic review of scientific articles and bibliography of authors referring to the subject. Articles that included empirical and theoretical studies relevant to the specific object of study were taken into account. It is concluded that it is still necessary to investigate more deeply about how the inoculation of memories or the memory errors of the subjects are produced. So far, it has been identified that the distortions can be internal or promoted by the external environment. The optimization of interviewing and intervention techniques can minimize the impact of errors -intentional or not- on memory. El artículo versa sobre las diferentes teorías que explican las distorsiones de la memoria, intencionales o no, especialmente en niños. Se analizan los diferentes tipos de preguntas que posibilitan la obtención de información y las particularidades de los entrevistadores para facilitar esta recuperación o influenciar las respuestas. El abordaje es de revisión sistemática de artículos científicos y de bibliografía de autores referentes al tema. Se tuvieron en cuenta artículos que incluían estudios empíricos y teóricos relevantes para el objeto específico de estudio. Se concluye que todavía es necesario indagar más profundamente acerca de cómo se produce la inoculación de recuerdos o los errores de memoria propios de los sujetos. Hasta el momento se identifican que las distorsiones pueden ser internas o promovidas por el ambiente externo. La optimización de técnicas de entrevistas y de intervención pueden minimizar el impacto de errores -intencionales o no- de la memoria.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Diferencias entre fallecimientos inmediatos y a 30 días por lesiones por tráfico según fuentes forenses
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Eneko Barbería, Josep M. Suelves, Alexandre Xifró, and Jordi Medallo
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Accidente de tráfico ,Lesiones ,Mortalidad ,Medicina forense ,Salud pública ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objetivo: Conocer las diferencias entre los fallecidos por lesiones por tráfico el mismo día de la colisión y a 30 días en Cataluña a partir de fuentes forenses. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional de los datos de fallecidos por tráfico procedentes del Institut de Medicina Legal de Catalunya entre el 1 de enero de 2005 y el 31 de diciembre de 2014. Los datos se analizaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS v.18.0. Las comparaciones de proporciones se realizaron mediante la prueba de χ2. Resultados: Durante el período de estudio se registraron 4044 defunciones por lesiones por tráfico. Los fallecidos a 30 días fueron el 14,7% del total e incluyeron más mujeres, menores, personas ancianas y peatones que los inmediatos. Conclusiones: Los fallecidos por lesiones en los 30 días siguientes a una colisión tienen un perfil diferente a los fallecidos en el mismo día de la colisión.
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- 2015
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32. Tomografia E Sua Utilização na Medicina Forense
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Silva, Rodrigo Giacomini da and Barros, Frieda Saicla
- Subjects
Tomografia computadorizada ,Medicina forense - Abstract
A seguinte pesquisa aborda de que forma a utilização da tomografia computadorizada pode beneficiar o atual cenário dos institutos médico-legais do Brasil no que diz respeito a atualização de métodos do sistema como um todo e, sugerir o uso desta tecnologia para a melhoria e uma maior agilidade dos processos envolvendo a Medicina Legal. O material de pesquisa foi extraído de pesquisas bibliográficas e realizado teste em laboratório com forma a se fundamentar na prática estes benefícios. O resultado do teste permitiu evidenciar que o exame de tomografia computadorizada é um método muito apurado e que além de propiciar um exame mais confiável aos peritos, traz consigo a capacidade de reconstrução peças anatômicas que em muitos casos são de difícil resolução, além de gerar imagens que podem ser armazenadas em um banco de dados para uso posterior.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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33. Revisión normativa y conceptual relacionada con la incapacidad medicolegal en Colombia.
- Author
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Támara-Patiño, Liliana Marcela and Fontanilla-Duque, Germán Alfonso
- Abstract
Copyright of Colombia Forense is the property of Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Pérdida del Dactilograma Durante la Senilidad.
- Author
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Silva, Juan, Rojas, Mariana, Araya, Claudia, and Barraza, Nicolás
- Abstract
The dactylogram is of one's own human skin and can be observed in the volar face of fingers, palms of hands and soles of feet, it is characterized by having a unique and distinguishable order. This pattern is fundamental in human identification because it is unique, particular, immutable, perennial, easy to observe, compare and store. Changes in senile skin have been described, but few have observed the loss of this pattern. Our objective was to evidence the loss of the dactylogram in Chilean senile individuals and establish if age and sex are variables related to this phenomenon. The sample included 487 individuals (120 men and 367 women) between the ages of 55 to 107 years. In them the presence or absence of dactylogram on the palmar face of the thumbs was recorded. The obtained data were processed statistically. It was determined that age is a variable related to the loss of the dactylogram and that the older the subject, the more likely this feature is not present (At 82 years, 25% do not present dactylogram, at 88 years it increases to 50% and at 95 years, 75% no longer have such pattern). Likewise, sex determined significant differences in the dactylogram fading, with women being more prone to the loss of this pattern (51.77% of the sample) than men (37.5% of the sample). But the latter have an additional 42.4% risk of losing the dactylogram earlier than women. This work demonstrates that the dactylogram is lost in senility. So far, this fact had not been proven. Therefore, this study is a significant contribution in the field of morphology and human identification, revealing that an important part of the Chilean population has lost its fingerprint-based identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Prevalencia y caracterización de los accidentes de tránsito en motocicletas. Cuenca, periodo 2018-2020
- Author
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Aguirre Ponce, Silvia Marcela, Salto Ortiz, Tatiana Estefanía, Aguirre Ponce, Silvia Marcela, and Salto Ortiz, Tatiana Estefanía
- Abstract
Background: traffic accidents had been increased worldwide, being the bikers, motorcyclists, and pedestrians the more affected, because of the direct body exposure. Objective: to determinate the prevalence and characterization of the traffic accidents in motorcycles. Cuenca, 2018-2020 period. Methodology: observational, descriptive and transversal study. The data included all the traffic accidents expedient registered on the EMOV EP system (Empresa Pública Municipal de Movilidad, Tránsito y Transporte) from Cuenca. Sociodemographic variables and study variables (individual, environmental and road variables) were collected. The data were processed in the SPSS program evaluation version, the data are presented in tables, using frequencies, percentages, standard deviation and arithmetic average. Results: motorcycle accidents occurred more frequently in men (96%) between 20-39 years of age (82.7%), with the most frequent type of accident being a crash (68%); these accidents predominated on weekdays (67.4%), in a good road condition 94.8%. Of the motorcycle drivers, 86.7% were only injured and only 16.7% were drinking alcohol at the time of the accident. Conclusions: the most number of motorcycle accidents happened in men between 20-39 years old, between Monday to Friday working hours, with a minimum of deads; this accidents were not related with road conditions nor weather conditions.
- Published
- 2022
36. Lesiones por arma de fuego y su relación con la medicina legal y forense
- Author
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Pulgar Haro, Héctor David, Baculima Cumbe, Mariela Alexandra, Pulgar Haro, Héctor David, and Baculima Cumbe, Mariela Alexandra
- Abstract
Gunshot wounds are going to be one of the main topics of study in relation to forensic pathology and its harmful effects on the body caused by a shot from a loaded gun. It is important to assess the damage that has been caused by the projectile in the environment and in the person to determine its medicolegal cause. Its main objective will be to describe the characteristics and types of injuries caused by different firearms and their relationship with legal and forensic medicine. An updated bibliographic review of topics related to firearm injuries and their medicolegal interpretation was carried out with the aim of providing detailed information on this topic that currently demands differentiated attention. Numerous documents and articles related to firearm injuries in legal medicine from international scientific databases were reviewed and the reliable source was verified to finally obtain relevant results that nourish the theoretical-practical flow of the specialty, Os ferimentos por arma de fogo serão um dos principais temas de estudo em relação à patologia forense e seus efeitos nocivos ao corpo causados por um tiro de arma carregada. É importante avaliar os danos causados pelo projétil no ambiente e na pessoa para determinar sua causa médicolegal. Seu principal objetivo será descrever as características e tipos de lesões causadas por diferentes armas de fogo e sua relação com a medicina legal e forense. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica atualizada de temas relacionados às lesões por arma de fogo e sua interpretação médico-legal com o objetivo de fornecer informações detalhadas sobre esse tema que atualmente demanda atenção diferenciada. Inúmeros documentos e artigos relacionados às lesões por arma de fogo na medicina legal de bases científicas internacionais foram revisados e a fonte confiável foi verificada para finalmente obter resultados relevantes que nutrem o fluxo teórico-prático da especialidade., Las heridas por arma de fuego van a constituir uno de los principales temas de estudio en lo referente a patología forense y sus efectos lesivos en el organismo ocasionados por un disparo proveniente de un arma cargada. Es importante valorar los daños que han sido producidos por el proyectil en el medio y en la persona para determinar su causa medicolegal. Su principal objetivo va a ser describir las características y tipos de lesiones causadas por las distintas armas de fuego y su relación con la medicina legal y forense. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica actualizada de temas relacionados con las lesiones por arma de fuego y su interpretación medicolegal con el objetivo de proveer información detallada sobre esta temática que demanda una atención diferenciada en la actualidad. Se revisaron numerosos documentos y artículos relacionados con las lesiones por armas de fuego en la medicina legal provenientes de bases de datos científicas internacionales y comprobándose la fuente fidedigna para finalmente obtener relevantes resultados que nutran el caudal teórico-práctico de la especialidad.
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- 2022
37. Toxicología aplicada a la medicina legal y forense
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Pulgar Haro, Héctor David, Baculima Cumbe, Mariela Alexandra, Pulgar Haro, Héctor David, and Baculima Cumbe, Mariela Alexandra
- Abstract
La toxicología se encarga de analizar los efectos tóxicos de determinados elementos sobre el organismo humano y sobre otros organismos vivos en general, establece que un producto o sustancia es tóxica cuando causa algún tipo de daño tanto superficial como profundo. La Toxicología forense, la cual se basa en el conocimiento de la toxicología apoya a la patología y medicina forense para establecer las causas de muerte; cualquier paciente que fallezca o no, sometido a atención médica en el curso de una intoxicación, genera obligaciones desde el punto de vista medicolegal, por lo cual la medicina forense interviene en todos los casos en los que se requiere de un peritaje médico para deslindar responsabilidades legales. El objetivo de aplicar un estudio toxicológico es realizar una investigación documentada donde se recopila información ya existente relacionada con el tema de toxicología y su relación con la medicina forense.
- Published
- 2022
38. Achados necroscópicos em cães e gatos vítimas de intoxicação exógena.
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Missen Tremori, Tália, Jacinto Reis, Sérvio Túlio, Rodrigues Massad, Mara Rita, Massad Ribas, Laila, Montoya Flórez, Luiz Mauricio, and Sousa Rocha, Noeme
- Abstract
Appropriate recognition of the clinical signs, lesions anatomical pathological that characterizes cases of animals intoxication that take to death. Associated with the methods of identification laboratorial of forensic toxicology is fundamental to establish a definitive diagnosis of the toxic agent. In period 2009 to 2014 are selected 42 cases, 31 (73,8%) dogs and 11 (26,2%) cats. These cases 21 (50%) feature police reports and 22 (52,4%) are made toxicological exam. Highest prevalence was intoxication for carbamate. Necroscopic exam revealed that main cause of death were cardiac respiratory insufficiency and hypovolemic shock. In histopathology of liver, kidney and brain the main lesions are congestion, degeneration and bleeding. The organs showed signs of autolysis and putrefaction. The diagnostic techniques used, histopathology and necropsy are additional and helps veterinarian to make reports for litigation in cases of intentional poisoning in animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Reconocedores: médicos, empíricos y profanos en las decisiones judiciales. Nuevo Reino de Granada, siglo XVIII.
- Author
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ALZATE ECHEVERRI, ADRIANA MARÍA
- Abstract
Copyright of Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Despejando las sospechas: informes médicos en los tribunales de justicia de la comarca de la Ribera del Júcar (ss. XVI y XVII).
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Ferragud, Carmel and López Terrada, María Luz
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MEDICAL personnel ,JUSTICE ,COURTS ,HISTORY of medical literature ,CRIME ,SPANISH medical assistance - Abstract
Copyright of Dynamis is the property of Dynamis - Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2018
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41. Epidemiological study of brain injuries in patients admitted to Yasuj Legal Medicine Department.
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Amini, Kamrooz, Mahdavi, Seyed Amirhosein, and Moghaddam, Zafar Masoumi
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BRAIN injuries ,SCHOOL children ,SKULL fractures ,HEAD injuries ,PEDESTRIAN crosswalks ,SAFETY education - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
42. Estudio médico-forense de los factores de vulnerabilidad en las víctimas de violencia de género
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Ruiz Monterde, Alexandre, De Luis García, Maria José, and Universitat Jaume I. Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina.
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violencia de género ,medicina forense ,víctimas ,vulnerabilidad ,victims ,vulnerability ,Grado en Medicina ,grupos de riesgo ,forensic medicine ,risk groups ,Grau en Medicina ,Bachelor's Degree in Medicine ,Castellón ,gender violence - Abstract
Treball Final de Grau en Medicina. Codi: MD1158. Curs acadèmic: 2021/2022 La violencia de género supone una violación grave de los derechos y libertades de las mujeres con gran impacto negativo en su salud física y emocional. En España, los profesionales de la medicina forense tienen en cuenta diversos factores para establecer el riesgo de violencia de género a la hora de realizar una valoración forense del riesgo, labor que se lleva a cabo gracias a las reformas legislativas relacionadas con este tipo de violencia. Entre los factores de riesgo de violencia se incluyen aquellos que hacen a las mujeres vulnerables, como la procedencia de la víctima, la presencia de enfermedad física, mental o discapacidad, la dependencia económica, el aislamiento sociofamiliar, las ideas de suicidio y los episodios de violencia previa. Tener a cargo menores de edad, además del consumo de fármacos y drogas, también influyen en la violencia de género, así como otros factores agravantes. Se han estudiado estos factores en aquellas mujeres que denunciaron violencia de género en el año 2021, en el Juzgado de Violencia sobre la Mujer de Castellón, para comprobar si su prevalencia en esta sociedad guarda similitudes o diferencias con otros estudios realizados previamente, siendo necesario detectar dichos predictores y actuar protegiéndolas para evitar graves secuelas biopsicosociales. Gender violence is a serious violation of women’s rights and freedoms and has a great negative impact on their physical and emotional health. In Spain, various factors are considered by forensic medicine professionals to establish the risk of gender violence when making a forensic risk assessment. This task is carried out thanks to the reforms in the legislation related to this type of violence. Risk factors for violence include those that make women vulnerable, such as the victim’s background, illness or incapacity, economic dependence, social-familial isolation, sexual violence, suicidal ideation, presence of disability and physical or mental illness, episodes of previous violence and the perception of danger of death. The use of pharmaceuticals and drugs and underage children also influence gender violence. These factors have been studied in the population of Castellón in those women who reported gender violence in 2021 to see if their prevalence in this society has similarities or differences with other studies carried out previously. It is necessary to detect these predictors and to protect them to avoid serious biopsychosocial sequelae.
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- 2022
43. Population Frequencies for CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, F13A01, FES/FPS y VWA in Seven Amerindian Populations from Colombia
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Yunis, Juan José, Yunis, Emilio J., and Garcia, Oscar
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Medicina forense ,Ciencias forenses ,Frecuencia alélica ,Colombia ,Genotipo ,Genética ,Amerindio - Abstract
eng: While previous research has examined the STR variability among Caucasian and Afro-Colombian populations, few studies have focused on the STR variability among Amerindian tribes. In Colombia, Amerindians make up approximately 1.7 percent of the population and they are located primarily in the Amazonian/Orinoquian region, the Northeast, Southwest, and Pacific regions of the country. The F13A01, FES/FPS, VWA, CSF1PO, TPOX, and THO1 STR loci were amplified from DNA obtained from 7 Amerindian populations named Cubeo (N=49), Curripaco (N=32), Desano (N=28), Tucano (N=26), Embera (N=31), Puinabe (N=77), and Nukak (N=29). Under examination were the allele frequencies and other forensically important parameters. The data provide little evidence of deviation from independence within the populations studied. The complete dataset is available to any researcher via electronic mail from the corresponding author. spa: Mientras que investigaciones anteriores han examinado la variabilidad de los STR entre las poblaciones caucásicas y afrocolombianas, pocos estudios se han centrado en la variabilidad de los STR entre las tribus amerindias. En Colombia, los amerindios constituyen aproximadamente el 1,7 por ciento de la población y se localizan principalmente en la región amazónica/orinoquiana, el noreste, el suroeste y el Pacífico del país. Los loci STR F13A01, FES/FPS, VWA, CSF1PO, TPOX y THO1 fueron amplificados a partir de ADN obtenido de 7 poblaciones amerindias denominadas Cubeo (N=49), Curripaco (N=32), Desano (N=28), Tucano (N=26), Embera (N=31), Puinabe (N=77) y Nukak (N=29). Se examinaron las frecuencias alélicas y otros parámetros de importancia forense. Los datos proporcionan pocas pruebas de desviación de la independencia dentro de las poblaciones estudiadas. El conjunto de datos completo está a disposición de cualquier investigador a través del correo electrónico del autor correspondiente.
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- 2022
44. Violación y transgresión. Medicina forense y moral sexual en la España del siglo XIX
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Amalio Lorente Carpena
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medicina forense ,moral sexual ,violencia sexual ,españa ,siglo xix ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 ,History of medicine. Medical expeditions ,R131-687 - Abstract
En este trabajo se examina la contribución del discurso médico-forense español del siglo XIX, a través de su aplicación en los casos de agresión sexual, a la legitimación del orden moral sexual de la época. Con este objetivo se analizan los principales tratados de Medicina Forense editados en nuestro país durante ese siglo.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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45. Análisis de los criterios de valoración médico legal para determinar el establecimiento del nexo causal en personas diagnosticadas con infección por SARS-CoV2 que establecen demandas por riesgo de trabajo por esta causa
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Leiva Gabriel, Kevin and Flores Sandí, Grettchen
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MEDICINA FORENSE ,SARS-CoV2 ,Enfermedad Laboral ,nexo causalidad ,CORONAVIRUS ,exposición laboral - Abstract
En este trabajo se realizó un análisis de los criterios de valoración médico legal para determinar el establecimiento del nexo causal y estabilidad lesional en personas diagnosticadas con infección por SARS-CoV-2 que establecen demandas por riesgo de trabajo por esta causa. El diseño del estudio fue observacional, no experimental, descriptivo cualitativo, con triangulación de tres fuentes primarias y secundarias de información proveniente del análisis de 19 dictámenes medico legales del Departamento de Medicina Legal desde marzo 2020 a mayo 2022, la entrevista a especialistas de las áreas de cardiología, neumología, medicina interna y neurología y la revisión bibliográfica de fuentes con validez científica. Los resultados obtenidos de la información recolectada evidenciaron que existen factores de vulnerabilidad, como lo son una edad avanzada, posterior a los 40 años, el sexo masculino (en función a las prácticas individualizantes y la predisposición del desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas) la ubicación geográfica, la profesión y labor realizada, la categorización por nivel de exposición por proximidad según profesión, la determinación de la distancia y periodo de tiempo de exposición a una persona sospechosa o positiva, la confirmación microbiológica de infección por SARS-CoV2 de la persona y de sus contactos, el uso de dispositivos de protección e inmunizaciones, la determinación de comorbilidades y factores de riesgo, la concordancia anatomo clínica entre las manifestaciones clínicas, su evolución entre otros. Con base en los resultados obtenidos y la revisión bibliográfica del tema, se construyó una propuesta de criterios de valoración pericial médico legal para la determinación de la relación de causalidad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 como riesgo laboral aplicables en el Departamento de Medicina Legal In this work, an analysis of the legal medical assessment criteria was carried out to determine the establishment of the causal link and injury stability in people diagnosed with SARS-CoV- 2 infection who establish claims for work risk for this cause. The study design was observational, non-experimental, qualitative descriptive, with triangulation of three primary and secondary sources of information from the analysis of 19 legal medical opinions of the Department of Legal Medicine from March 2020 to May 2022, the interview with specialists from the areas of cardiology, pulmonology, internal medicine and neurology and the bibliographic review of sources with scientific validity. The results obtained from the information collected showed that there are vulnerability factors, such as advanced age, after 40 years, male sex (based on individualizing practices and predisposition to the development of chronic diseases), geographic location, the profession and work performed, the categorization by level of exposure by proximity according to profession, the determination of the distance and period of time of exposure to a suspicious or positive person, the microbiological confirmation of SARS-CoV2 infection of the person and their contacts, the use of protection devices and immunizations, the determination of comorbidities and risk factors, the anatomo-clinical concordance between the clinical manifestations, its evolution, among others. Based on the results obtained and the bibliographic review of the subject, a proposal for legal medical expert evaluation criteria was constructed to determine the causal relationship of SARS-CoV-2 infection as an occupational risk applicable in the Department of Legal Medicine. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Salud::Especialidad en Medicina Legal
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- 2022
46. Dimorfismo Sexual en metacarpianos en una Población Colombiana Contemporánea
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Jiménez Marín, Andrea, Pérez Agudelo, Juan Manuel, and Investigador Principal
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Antropología Forense ,Ciencias Forenses ,Medicina Forense - Abstract
Maestría en Ciencias Forenses, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas. La estimación de sexo en cadáveres complejos es un tópico altamente relevante en el proceso de identificación forense, dado que permite orientar la identificación del cadáver. Para la estimación de esta variable se recurre frecuentemente al análisis del cráneo y cintura pélvica, sin embargo, cuando no se dispone de estas estructuras, es necesario recurrir a estructuras óseas poscraneales. El presente estudio seleccionó los huesos de la mano, ya que son algunos de los que mejor se preservan. El objetivo fue evaluar cuantitativamente una muestra de metacarpianos de cadáveres colombianos adultos plenamente identificados y su impacto en la determinación del dimorfismo sexual. Se seleccionó una muestra de 145 esqueletos, 90 masculinos y 45 femeninos, pertenecientes a la Colección Ósea Humana de Referencia de Población Colombiana del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, se evaluaron los cinco metacarpianos del lado izquierdo y se sometieron a un análisis discriminante. De las variables examinadas, la longitud del segundo y el tercer metacarpiano presentaron las mejores métricas de validación para cada sexo (85,5 % de clasificación correcta).
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- 2022
47. Demirjian and Cameriere methods for age estimation in a Spanish sample of 1386 living subjects
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Maria Melo, Fadi Ata-Ali, Javier Ata-Ali, José María Martinez Gonzalez, and Teresa Cobo
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Male ,Multidisciplinary ,Human Migration ,Medicina forense ,Determinación de la edad por los dientes ,Odontología ,History, Medieval ,Young Adult ,Calcification, Physiologic ,Radiography, Panoramic ,Humans ,Female ,Molar, Third ,Age Determination by Teeth ,Tercer molar ,Ciencias médicas ,Tooth Calcification - Abstract
Currently, human identification is a challenge. Migration due to war, economic crisis or other factors is frequent. The wisdom teeth are the last teeth to initiate and complete development therefore, are fundamental for determining the legal age of majority in different countries. The aim of the study is to determine the validity of two methods based on mineralisation of the third molar to predict the ages of majority of individuals in a Spanish population. Orthopantomographies of 636 men and 750 women (mean age, 16.5 years) were analysed. The Demirjian and Cameriere methods were used, and each tooth was assigned a value according to the degree of mineralisation and maturation. The level of significance used in the analyses was 5% (α = 0.05), with a power of 96.2%. The predictive ability of the Demirjian method to determine 18 years of age in the lower wisdom teeth 93%, respectively. The Cameriere method has a predictive capacity of 88%. There are no statistically significant differences between men and women. Stage H and a cut-off point of 0.08 were the guiding values for determining the age of majority of the study population. For other proposed age ranges (14 and 16 years), both methods were useful in determining the actual age of individuals, with the Demirjian method having a sensitivity of 97.5% with and Cameriere having a predictive capacity of 95%. Both methods can be used with high reliability to determine the age of individuals where reliable documentation is unavailable. Stage H with the Demirjian method and a cut-off point of 0.08 with the Cameriere method can determine the age of majority of the Spanish population. The combination of the two methods does not substantially increase predictive ability.
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- 2022
48. Criterios de valoración del psicólogo jurídico en el abordaje del testimonio infantil en casos de posible abuso sexual como parte de un concepto pericial
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Posada Hernández, Jhon Jairo and Cañón, Sandra Constanza
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Psicología jurídica ,Ciencias Forenses ,Abuso infantil ,Medicina Forense - Abstract
Maestría en Ciencias Forenses, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas. El presente estudio da cuenta de algunos criterios de valoración utilizados por los psicólogos jurídicos para el abordaje del testimonio infantil en casos de presunto abuso sexual. Donde el referente teórico está orientado frente a las metodologías utilizadas para identificar la credibilidad del testimonio de los niños y niñas. Para este estudio se utilizó una metodología de tipo cualitativa con enfoque hermenéutico donde a través de la evaluación de entrevistas semi estructuradas realizadas a psicólogos, se lograron identificar categorías como: Conocimiento de los protocolos, Abordaje valorativo y Sistematicidad en el criterio valorativo, identificando con ello la estructura de los peritajes de los profesionales en psicología y su relevancia en la veracidad del testimonio infantil. Se concluye como parte del proceso investigativo que los peritos no tienen un instrumento estandarizado para realizar el abordaje del menor y cada uno recurre a su experiencia como método para determinar credibilidad
- Published
- 2022
49. Análisis médico legal de la patología traumática de mayor incidencia en la articulación del codo en la valoración de daño corporal en accidentes laborales atendidos en la Unidad Médico Legal de Cartago, Departamento de Medicina Legal del Poder Judicial de Costa Rica 2018 - 2021
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Argüello Borbón, Kimberly and Paniagua Barrantes, Carlos
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MEDICINA FORENSE ,ACCIDENTE - Abstract
Se realizó un análisis de la valoración de daño corporal por secuelas de trauma de codo en accidentes laborales atendidos en la Unidad Médico Legal de Cartago del Departamento de Medicina Legal del Poder Judicial de Costa Rica durante los años 2018 y 2021. Se trató de un estudio de investigación cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental, transeccional, correlacional, en el cual, se analizaron 85 casos de accidentes laborales con trauma en la articulación del codo, de los cuales se extrajeron datos sociodemográficos, mecanismo de trauma, lesiones y secuelas correspondientes, estudios complementarios realizados o solicitados y en los casos en los que se estableció una relación de causalidad, se analizaron las incapacidades temporales y/o permanentes otorgadas. En cuanto a los resultados, la mayoría de las personas involucradas en este tipo de accidentes fueron hombres, en un rango de edad de 40 a 49 años, con escolaridad de primaria completa y en ocupaciones de peón de construcción, operario industrial, agricultura y seguridad, principalmente; el trauma directo fue el mecanismo que se presentó con mayor frecuencia en la narración de la dinámica de los hechos y la epicondilitis fue el diagnóstico que más se reportó, seguido por ruptura del tendón del bíceps y fractura proximal del radio. Finalmente, a manera de aporte, se elaboró una propuesta para realizar el análisis médico legal de los casos de accidentes laborales con trauma en la articulación del codo, así como también, para asignar el porcentaje de incapacidad permanente en los casos que exista un nexo causal, tomando en consideración los resultados obtenidos de la presente investigación y la revisión de la literatura y sin sobrepasar los rangos de porcentajes establecidos en el Código de Trabajo de Costa Rica. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Salud::Especialidad en Medicina Legal
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- 2022
50. ¿Por qué no preguntarle a los dientes?. Un estudio en difracción de RX para la estimación del intervalo postmortem
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Rubio-Lamia, Leticia Olga, Suárez, Juan, Santos-Amaya, Ignacio Miguel, Martin de las Heras, Stella, and Zapico, Sara C.
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Rayos X -- Difracción ,Medicina legal ,Medicina forense ,Intervalo Postmortem ,Antropología forense ,Dientes -- Radiografía - Abstract
La determinación del intervalo postmortem (IPM) a partir de restos mineralizados es de gran interés científico, pero también tiene importantes implicaciones legales. Aunque existen varios métodos para la estimación del IPM en las primeras etapas de la descomposición, en las etapas más prolongadas es difícil estimarlo con precisión. La difracción de Rayos-X (DRX) ha sido empleada anteriormente en la estimación del IPM en muestras óseas. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha no ha sido estudiada en dientes humanos con este fin. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: cuantificar los parámetros cristalográficos obtenidos mediante DRX, identificar los cambios de dichos parámetros en cada uno de los grupos de IPM y estudiar la predicción del IPM a partir de estos cambios. Un total de 40 dientes (20 mujeres y 20 hombres, entre 29 y 82 años de edad) de diferente IPM (0, 10, 25 y 50 años) fueron estudiados mediante DRX con refinamiento Retievelt. Se midieron los siguientes parámetros cristalográficos: cristalinidad, tamaño del cristalito, el factor R-Bragg, el volumen celular, el coeficiente de absorbancia lineal del cristal (1/cm) y la densidad del cristal (g/cm3). Los resultados mostraron que los parámetros de cristalinidad y tamaño del cristalito presentaban diferencias entre los diferentes grupos de IPM. Por otro lado, la cristalinidad fue el mejor predictor del IPM en todos los grupos de data. Según nuestro estudio, el uso de la DRX podría ser un método alternativo para la datación en dientes. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.
- Published
- 2022
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