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Prophetic medicaments are mentioned in hadith literature, which records the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. His teachings and practices serve various functions, including guidance on maintaining good health and treating illnesses. Historically, one of the well-known Prophetic medicaments found in Malay medical manuscripts is reciting prayers as protection against illness, to cure diseases, and for good health derived from hadith texts. Thus, this article delves into analyse of the Prophets' prayer medicaments practiced in Malay medical treatment by focusing on the Kitab Tib MSS1653 manuscript. The study is descriptive library research by applying the qualitative content analysis method. The data was then analysed by using inductive, deductive, and comparative methods between hadith and Malay medical practices in healing diseases. The result shows that 17 hadiths were mentioned as prayer recitations in this manuscript and practiced by the Malay community in their medical treatment. It is proof that Prophetic prayer medicament and Malay medical treatment are important and complement physical treatments by reciting prayers and seeking divine assistance as integral parts of the healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Family Medicine / Revista Română de Medicina Familiei is the property of Media DOM Express and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to explore the effect of magnetization on bubble motion behavior under different flotation agent systems, the three reagent solutions of sodium oleate, pineol oil and secoctanol were magnetized by laboratory self-made magnetization device, and the influence of magnetization on them was summarized by observing the bubbles generated in the self-made sink. The test results showed that the maximum velocity of bubbles under the sodium oleate system increased by 7.85 mm/s, the acceleration increased by 97 mm/s², the deformation coefficient of bubbles decreased by 0.19, the bubble merger time and bubble beating times increased by 0.25 s and 74 ms respectively compared with the unmagnetized conditions, and the bubble merger and bubble beating time changes significantly and the maximum speed increased by 9.43 mm/s when the magnetic induction intensity of the bubbles under the pine oil system was 100 mT. Under the secoctanol system, the bubble merger and bubble beating time changed significantly when the magnetic induction intensity was 150 mT, and the maximum velocity of the bubble increased by 3.03 mm/s at 300 mT. The experiments show that the magnetization treatment with 150 mT magnetic induction intensity has a favorable effect on the flotation behavior of sodium oleate solution. The largest differences in bubble deformation coefficient and beating time under sodium oleate, pineol oil and sec-octanol were at 150, 100 and 150 mT, respectively, and the influence of magnetic induction intensity on bubble velocity was also different under different solution systems. In addition, the rate of rise of sodium oleate has two peaks, while pineol oil and secoctanol have only one peak. Magnetization has obvious effects on all three solutions, and the research results have certain guiding significance for optimizing the application of magnetization treatment in flotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'obésité de l'enfant et de l'adolescent est une pathologie dont la compréhension a profondément évolué depuis quelques années grâce à l'identification des formes génétiques et à un accroissement exponentiel des connaissances en biologie. Le tissu adipeux est un organe endocrine en dialogue permanent avec les autres organes dont les centres de régulation de l'appétit cérébraux et la signalisation neuroendocrine du tube digestif. Face à un enfant ou un adolescent développant une obésité, une analyse rigoureuse de la dynamique de sa pathologie, des éventuelles anomalies et complications cliniques associées est requise. La coopération avec les centres de référence pédiatriques et de recherche en nutrigénomique permettant d'identifier les mutations associées permet de poser dans des cas encore rares mais probablement sous diagnostiqués l'indication de traitement spécifiques efficaces. Récemment un essai randomisé a montré qu'un analogue du Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1-R), molécule clé de régulation de l'appétit d'origine intestinale, avait un effet bénéfique majeur dans des obésités polygéniques. Des études sont encore nécessaires pour s'assurer des résultats à long terme et de l'absence de toxicité mais les résultats acquis font d'ores et déjà rediscuter la place de la chirurgie bariatrique. Si la prévention doit rester une priorité, de nombreuses autres molécules et d'autres voies thérapeutiques sont en cours d'investigation dans la plus fréquente des maladies métaboliques et chroniques de l'enfance. Child and adolescent obesity is definitely a pathology the understanding of which has faced dramatic changes in recent years thanks to the identification of the genetic background of some cases and an amazing increase in the knowledge of its biological background. The adipose tissue is an endocrine organ in permanent communication with other ones, including the appetite regulation centres of the brain and the neuroendocrine system of the digestive tract. A precise analysis of the trajectory of weight gain and its associated manifestations such as abnormal physical or developmental features and complications is mandatory while facing a child or adolescent with obesity. A close cooperation with reference centres for childhood obesity and nutrigenomics research units leading to the diagnosis of genetic forms, likely to be underdiagnosed, may allow the use of targeted and efficient drug treatment. A recent double-blind study has shown that a Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) analogue, a key contributor of appetite regulation from intestinal origin, has a major beneficial impact on adolescents with obesity of polygenic origin. Further studies are still required to ensure the long-term effect and the lack of side effects of such a treatment. However, such results already challenge the indication of bariatric surgery. While prevention still must be a priority, many other molecules and therapeutic approaches are underway for the most frequent metabolic and chronic childhood disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alors que les dispositions règlementaires et légales relatives à la profession de la pharmacie sont suffisamment claires, s’agissant du rôle central et technique reconnu au pharmacien dans le système de santé, le laxisme de l’État, le chômage, l’influence affinitaire, le trafic d’influence se classent en tant que facteurs favorisant la prolifération des pharmacies non conformes, c’est-à-dire tenues par des non pharmaciens. Dans un tel contexte, le rejet et/ou la transgression des normes, les pratiques difformes et illicites confèrent à la RDC, l’image d’une société malade, déréglée qui limite la force des textes règlementaires en exposant la population à de graves risques de santé. Le présent article s’inscrit dans cette perspective lorsqu’il se propose d’analyser les motivations des personnes qui font fonctionner des officines pharmaceutiques de façon illégale. En partant de la littérature sur la règlementation pharmaceutique ainsi que des données empiriques issues du terrain d’enquête, ce travail scrute les services techniques du Ministère de la santé, hygiène et prévention et d’autres services de collaboration, et projette un regard prospectif sur le secteur pharmaceutique de Kinshasa.

Although true allergic drug hypersensitivies are rare, adverse reactions to drugs are common and affects the entire population, regardless of age. Often unexplored, it involves significant morbidity, which could be avoided by carrying out a pharmacovigilance investigation and an allergological work-up. Clinical symptoms of drug hypersensitivity depend on the time to the first symptoms after exposure to the drug and the different immune or pharmacological responses involved. The management of the reaction and the allergological assessment depends on these physiopathological mechanisms and the severity of the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photosensitization, occurring as a result of drug treatment, represents 8% of all drug-induced skin adverse reactions. The drug photosensitization reaction is unpredictable and every patient can be affected, as it can occur at any age and can be caused by numerous drugs. Currently, two types of photosensitization reactions are known, namely: phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. Phototoxicity reactions are manifested by a direct action of cellular destruction, are not immune-mediated, are dose-dependent, and can occur at first exposure in most individuals receiving photosensitizing drugs. Photoallergic reactions are immune-mediated, not dose-dependent, occur only in sensitized individuals, and are characterized by cross-reactions between related compounds. There are a lot of photosensitizing drugs such as: antibiotics, sulfanilamides, fluoroquinolones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, hormonal contraceptives, retinoids, etc. Some drugs cause only one type of reaction, while others may cause both. In general, the prognosis of drug photosensitization reactions is a good one, if certain rules are followed, such as the use of protective creams, clothing and protective glasses together with the drugs, as well as the doctor’s supervision of the treatment evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main parameters of the successful conclusion of a war is the establishment of an effective organizational network. Organization is a way of managing the whole in a controlled way by bringing together different parts. This intricate structure covers the process from the army’s departure from Istanbul to its return. There are many situations in this organization network, such as feeding the army, supplying beast of burden and sea vehicles, arranging roads and bridges, preparing materials needed by the army at range points, supplying ammunition, equal sharing of campaign financing in a controlled manner and not burdening the treasury. On the other hand, another factor that covers the organizational network is the health status of the soldier participating in the campaign. For this purpose, it was necessary to provide the physicians, surgeons, doctors, and their assistants to participate in the campaign and make them ready for war by making up for their deficiencies (pharmaceutical materials, tents, kitchen tools, and beasts of burden). Like other factors, preparations in the health field are among the factors that affect the war’s outcome. This research is conducted based on this information and will focus on how the health organization in the Ottoman army was carried out in the 18th century. Moreover, it will discuss who the medical personnel who participated in the war were, how their needs were met, what materials were provided, what the medicines were, and which diseases these medicines were used to treat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The aim of this scoping review is to highlight the effect of nanoparticles (NPs) when incorporated as an intracanal medicament to direct imminent research to understand the efficiency of NPs in clinical scenarios. Methods: A PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO host, and manual search were performed April 18, 2022. Inclusion criteria were set that had to be met by each study for it to be selected for the review. "The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist." Results: Ten in vitro studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Six studies evaluated silver NPs, one study with bioactive glass NPs, one study with chitosan-propolis NPs, one study with zinc oxide NPs, two studies with calcium hydroxide NPs, and one with calcium oxide NPs. In endodontics, materials such as zinc oxide and silver NPs disturb biofilm and lessen bacterial load within biofilm. The small size of the particles allows them to readily penetrate greater depths into dentinal tubules, resulting in an amplified antimicrobial action on root canal pathogens. Conclusion: According to the included studies, the findings indicate that the antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicament was higher in groups containing NPs and provide a basis for future studies to be conducted in vivo and direct future research on NPs and its various unexplored applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’impression 3D révolutionne nos processus de fabrication dans la plupart des domaines, y compris en sciences de la santé. Elle comporte différents avantages dont le coût, la réduction des déchets, l’économie d’énergie et l’ultra personnalisation. Dans le secteur médical, elle est d’application pour la fabrication de matériel, particulièrement intéressant pour les pays émergents ayant des capacités financières restreintes. On voit également son application pour la fabrication « d’organes » destinés à réparer et remplacer une fonction déficiente. Dans le domaine pharmaceutique, l’impression 3D de médicaments constitue également une avancée majeure qui nous rapproche encore plus d’une médecine adaptée au patient et nous appellent à repenser la façon dont les traitements sont administrés mais aussi la façon dont ils sont développés, produits et rendus accessibles aux patients. Il est en effet difficile d’imaginer que cette production puisse intervenir ailleurs qu’au sein même du parcours de soins (hôpital ou officine) et non plus en amont de façon industrielle comme c’est le cas aujourd’hui. Ceci nous oblige à repenser et à réinventer la chaine de valeur et le rôle des différents acteurs de cette chaine de valeur. Cette conférence fera le point sur la question en se focalisant sur les principaux cas d’usage pharmaceutique qui trouvent une solution via l’impression 3D ainsi que sur les aspects galéniques liés à la formulation et à la production par impression 3D.

Goals. To present for implementation of a Pharmaceutical Decision Support System (PDSS) that improves the detection and resolution of Drug-related problems (DRP). The aim is to improve the relevance of the patient's drug management. Methods. Over 4 years in two health facilities, pharmacists and IT professionals supported by the company Keenturtle (France) formalized the PDSS according to the active triangulation of a CDSS. Guidelines are defined to represent knowledge into pharmaceutical algorithms including human supervision. Terms not only in AI-pharmacy are defined in a glossary in order to contribute to users' training. Results. Since 2018, the PDSS is operational; it associates patient health data to pharmacotherapy knowledge in the deductive reasoning software Pharmaclass®. A guideline defined in 12 steps, helps the pharmacist to transpose clinical recommendations into 201 pharmaceutical algorithms which modeled patient situations as a part of the PDSS. A specific template of the pharmaceutical algorithms supports the detection and resolution of DRP. Moreover 41 terms are defined in a glossary. Conclusion. Defining a framework to implement and use a PDSS reduces its complexity. The knowledge representation strengthens the -pharmacists' expertise through its pedagogical side. This representation is a central point of the PDSS. Symbolic artificial intelligence approach will help pharmacists in their practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Psychiatric disorders are common co-existing conditions in children with epilepsy and can precede or follow epilepsy onset. Therefore, when selecting anti-seizure medications (ASMs) for children with epilepsy, in addition to seizure control, careful consideration of behavioral and psychotropic effects (BPEs) is critical, as they can have a negative impact on ASM adherence and quality of life. The goal in supporting children with epilepsy is an individualized approach to maximize seizure control and minimize negative BPEs. A previous history of a psychiatric disorder is the most significant risk factor for negative BPEs. Therefore, systematic screening for psychiatric symptoms can guide ASM selection and prompt intervention as needed. Besides familiarity with different ASM profiles, awareness of risk factors for negative BPEs including rapid dose titrations and weaning schedules, polypharmacy, high ASM doses, and drug interactions are important. In children with co-existing psychiatric disorders, ASMs with mood stabilizing, behavior regulating or anxiolytic properties may be preferred choices. Overall, a comprehensive and coordinated approach, with family psychoeducation and a mutual understanding of clinical aspects between the disciplines of neurology and psychiatry will enable better outcomes in children with epilepsy. Further pediatric "real-world" studies will expand knowledge of BPEs and potential risk factors. For some children, timely epilepsy surgery or precision therapies targeting a pathological defect may reduce the ASM burden in a child's life and subsequent BPEs. The ability to predict an individual child's susceptibility to negative BPEs with valid biomarkers may become available in the near future with advances in pharmacogenomics and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this scoping review is to highlight the effect of nanoparticles (NPs) when incorporated as an intracanal medicament to direct imminent research to understand the efficiency of NPs in clinical scenarios. Methods: A PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO host, and manual search were performed April 18, 2022. Inclusion criteria were set that had to be met by each study for it to be selected for the review. “The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist.” Results: Ten in vitro studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Six studies evaluated silver NPs, one study with bioactive glass NPs, one study with chitosan-propolis NPs, one study with zinc oxide NPs, two studies with calcium hydroxide NPs, and one with calcium oxide NPs. In endodontics, materials such as zinc oxide and silver NPs disturb biofilm and lessen bacterial load within biofilm. The small size of the particles allows them to readily penetrate greater depths into dentinal tubules, resulting in an amplified antimicrobial action on root canal pathogens. Conclusion: According to the included studies, the findings indicate that the antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicament was higher in groups containing NPs and provide a basis for future studies to be conducted in vivo and direct future research on NPs and its various unexplored applications.

L'analyse du liquide cérébrospinal pour la recherche et le dosage des médicaments ou des drogues reste une analyse d'exception. La meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de diffusion des xénobiotiques dans le système nerveux central et l'intérêt d'identifier le médicament ou la drogue sur son site d'action pour mieux apprécier son effet pharmacologique ou toxique reste cependant indéniable. Les méthodes d'analyses restent très classiques, souvent proches de celles décrites pour des matrices biologiques plus couramment utilisées comme le sang ou le plasma. Ce sont des méthodes de chromatographies liquides couplées à des détecteurs en spectrométrie de masse permettant ainsi d'identifier des concentrations mesurées souvent beaucoup plus faibles que celles décrites dans le plasma. Quelques applications en pharmacologie pour mesurer l'efficacité des thérapies ou en toxicologie pour mieux comprendre les effets neurotoxiques seront également décrites. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for research or dosage of pharmacological drugs or narcotics remains an exceptional analysis. However, the better understanding of the mechanisms of diffusion of xenobiotics in the central nervous system and the interest of identifying the pharmacological drug or narcotic on its site of action to better appreciate its pharmacological or toxic effect remains undeniable. The methods of analysis remain very conventional often close to those described for biological matrices more commonly used such as blood or plasma, often using liquid chromatography methods coupled with mass spectrometry detectors to identify measured concentrations that are often much lower than those described in plasma. Some applications in pharmacology to measure the effectiveness of therapies or in toxicology to better understand neurotoxic effects will also be described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles is the property of Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Angle Health Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La recherche translationnelle en radiothérapie connaît un développement intense. Un transfert de plus en plus rapide se fait depuis le laboratoire jusqu'aux patients, tant dans la sélection des patients pouvant bénéficier de la radiothérapie que dans le développement de stratégies d'irradiation innovante ou le développement de combinaison avec des médicaments. Accélérer le passage des découvertes de laboratoire vers la clinique représente l'idéal de tout programme de recherche translationnelle mais nécessite une prise en compte des multiples obstacles pouvant ralentir ce cheminement. L'ambition du réseau RadioTransNet, projet de structuration de la recherche préclinique en radiothérapie en France est justement de favoriser les interactions scientifiques et cliniques à l'interface de la radiothérapie et de la radiobiologie, dans son positionnement préclinique, afin de dégager des priorités de recherche stratégiques dédiées à l'innovation en radiothérapie. Les équipe de radiothérapie par nature multidisciplinaire avec des experts en biologie, médecine, physique médicale, mathématique et sciences de l'ingénieur sont à même de relever ces nouveaux défis qui permettront de transférer aux patients au plus vite ces avancées d'aujourd'hui. Translational research in radiation oncology is undergoing intense development. An increasingly rapid transfer is taking place from the laboratory to the patients, both in the selection of patients who can benefit from radiotherapy and in the development of innovative irradiation strategies or the development of combinations with drugs. Accelerating the passage of discoveries from the laboratory to the clinic represents the ideal of any translational research program but requires taking into account the multiple obstacles that can slow this progress. The ambition of the RadioTransNet network, a project to structure preclinical research in radiation oncology in France, is precisely to promote scientific and clinical interactions at the interface of radiotherapy and radiobiology, in its preclinical positioning, in order to identify priorities for strategic research dedicated to innovation in radiotherapy. The multidisciplinary radiotherapy teams with experts in biology, medicine, medical physics, mathematics and engineering sciences are able to meet these new challenges which will allow these advances to be made available to patients as quickly as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Inappropriate self-medication is seen as a global public health concern. Without appropriate professional healthcare guidance, a variety of issues can arise with potentially serious consequences to one’s personal health. Aims: To describe self-medication in outpatients aged 18 years or over who attended public health care centers in Honduras. Methods: A sample of 4573 people was chosen using a cluster sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was applied. Study variables included: sociodemographic factors, frequency and reasons for self-medicating, kind of medicine and sources of acquisition. Results: With a minimum age of 18 years and a maximum age of 94 years, women predominated with 3340 (73.0%), originated from the department of Francisco Morazán with 1186 (25.9%) persons, primary complete in 1042 (22.8%) persons, and with a monthly household income of less than $171.41 in 1462 (32.0%) persons, 3035 (66.4%) people reported knowing what self-medication is, but 2365 (51.7%) of them were unaware of the consequences of self-medication and 2385 (52.2%) people used medications in the last three months without a prescription. Conclusions: The frequency of self-medication in the studied population shows the need to implement national prevention and promotion initiatives in the rational use of medicines, emphasizing the consequences of self-medication, as well as the creation of stricter surveillance and regulation policies in the sale of medicines.

Eu égard à la nécessité de fédérer les ressources face aux multiples défis du secteur pharmaceutique, de nombreuses initiatives ont été prises par l’UEMOA à partir des années 2000 en vue d’optimiser la réglementation du secteur pharmaceutique de l’Union. Le règlement n°02/2005/CM/UEMOA demeure le texte fondateur de la réglementation pharmaceutique de l’espace UEMOA. Sa mise en œuvre s’est faite par l’adoption d’autres textes communautaires relatifs notamment aux produits pharmaceutiques, mais aussi à la profession et à l’activité pharmaceutique. A côté de la réglementation communautaire UEMOA concernant le médicament vétérinaire, les initiatives d’harmonisation de la réglementation pharmaceutique au sein de l’UEMOA concernant les produits pharmaceutiques à usage humain ont eu un impact significatif dans les pays membres, et sont de nature à favoriser une meilleure protection de la santé publique. En prenant appui sur la documentation disponible, notamment les textes réglementaires applicables au secteur pharmaceutique de l’espace UEMOA, cet article décrit le processus de mise en place de cette réglementation communautaire et sa portée.

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Through their footprint throughout their life cycle, from production to use, medicines have a significant impact on the environment. Reducing this impact is rarely considered from the perspective of the choices that healthcare professionals might have to make when prescribing or dispensing medicines. Should we consider environmental impact, alongside effectiveness and tolerance, one of the dimensions of the proper use of medicines? To address this question, the 5th Forum of the Association for the Proper Use of Medicines highlighted the main sources of pharmaceutical pollution: the carbon footprint linked to production, greenhouse gas emissions, the impact of residues on water and waste from packaging. While the eco-design of medicines should make it possible to limit their environmental impact upstream, there are still few initiatives aimed at their use. The Swedish "Hazard Score" assessment tool, which classifies compounds according to their potential to pollute the aquatic environment, was presented as a tool for guiding prescription choices. Through the exchanges between the various stakeholders (public authorities, doctors, pharmacists, manufacturers, patients) during this forum, recommendations were drawn up both on scientific and ethical grounds., (Copyright © 2024 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L'action des pharmaciens humanitaires a pour finalité de favoriser l'accès aux soins des plus démunis en France et à l'étranger. Ils interviennent dans les zones de conflits, mais aussi en cas de catastrophe naturelle et de crise sanitaire ou économique. Les pharmaciens qui font le choix de s'engager peuvent accéder à des formations afin d'être à même d'apporter leur contribution aux organisations non gouvernementales qui œuvrent dans ce domaine. The purpose of humanitarian pharmacists is to promote access to health care for the poorest people in France and abroad. They intervene in conflict zones, but also in the event of natural disasters and health or economic crises. Pharmacists who choose to get involved can access training to be able to contribute to non-governmental organizations working in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La consommation de drogues est observée dans toutes les sociétés humaines. Ces substances ont de multiples fonctions – recherche de plaisir, soin, convivialité, etc. – et des statuts qui évoluent dans le temps puisqu'elles peuvent être légales ou illégales, disponibles en accès libre ou sous certaines conditions. Elles sont souvent associées à la notion de danger. La mise en place d'indicateurs de suivi aide les pouvoirs publics à légiférer et à évaluer leur balance bénéfice-risque. Drug use is observed in all human societies. These substances have multiple functions – pleasure seeking, care, conviviality, etc. – and statuses that evolve over time since they can be either legal or illegal, freely available or under certain conditions. They are often associated with the notion of danger. The establishment of monitoring indicators helps public authorities to legislate and to evaluate their benefit-risk balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Primary molars with asymptomatic reversible pulpitis are commonly treated by pulpotomy procedure. Different pulpotomy materials used so far for pulpotomy that have been mentioned in the literature have been included in this article. This literature review includes all medicaments including natural alternatives. Many significant medicaments with their success rates have been mentioned in this paper. To increase the therapeutic success of pulpotomy procedure, it is necessary to identify a novel effective and preferably natural pulpotomy medicament.

Résumé: Les hépatites médicamenteuses sont une des causes d'hépatites les plus fréquentes mais également parmi les plus difficiles à diagnostiquer. Ces difficultés s'expliquent par la pléthore de médicaments utilisés dans la pratique clinique, des plantes et de compléments alimentaires ayant un potentiel hépatotoxique, la présentation par divers phénotypes cliniques et pathologiques, et l'absence actuelle de biomarqueurs spécifiques. Le diagnostic d'hépatite médicamenteuse repose sur un faisceau d'arguments et l'élimination des diagnostics différentiels. Pour les hépatites idiosyncrasiques, les mécanismes de toxicité sont souvent partiellement connus et aucune thérapeutique efficace n'a été découverte. En revanche, pour le paracétamol, la toxicité est directe, dose dépendante et le N-acétylcystéine a montré son efficacité. Cette revue se propose de faire le point sur le diagnostic, le traitement et le mécanisme des hépatites médicamenteuses. Drug-induced liver injury is one of the most common causes of hepatitis but also one of the most difficult to diagnose. These difficulties are due to the plethora of drugs used in clinical practice, herbs and dietary supplements with hepatotoxic potential, the presentation by various clinical and pathological phenotypes and the current lack of specific biomarkers. The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury is based on a combination of evidence and the elimination of differential diagnoses. For idiosyncratic hepatitis, the mechanisms of toxicity are often partially known and no effective therapy has been found. In contrast, paracetamol toxicity is direct and dose-dependent and N-acetyl cysteine has been shown to be effective in these cases. This review aims to provide an update on the diagnosis, treatment and mechanism of drug-induced hepatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of different medicaments and irrigation solutions on root dentin microhardness (MH) was evaluated depending on time. After initial measurements, MH of 60 maxillary incisors (n = 15 per group) was measured after 3 steps: irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, exposure to medicaments [triple antibiotic (TAP) or calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes, 1 week or 1 month)] and final irrigation [20 mL of 17% EDTA or 20 mL 1% phytic acid (PA)]. The percentage of MH reduction was calculated. Data were analysed statistically at P < 0.05. Treatments caused a significant decrease in MH values compared to baseline and pre‐measurements (P < 0.05). TAP significantly reduced the MH values of the samples over time (P < 0.05). Removal of TAP after 1 month with PA resulted in a significant reduction in MH compared to removing TAP after 1 week and CH removing after 1 month (P < 0.05). Considering the chemical preparation steps, the most hazardous effect on MH was observed after the first irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrairement aux allergies respiratoires, alimentaires et aux venins d'hyménoptères qui concernent des allergènes protéiques, la prise en charge des allergies aux médicaments nécessite rarement le recours aux examens biologiques pour obtenir la preuve d'un mécanisme allergique IgE-dépendant. Un nombre très restreint de dosages d'IgE spécifiques de médicaments est disponible car la grande majorité des médicaments sont des haptènes. L'utilisation rationnelle des outils biologiques disponibles selon les données actualisées de la science est à même de garantir l'efficience diagnostique. Le mésusage de la biologie de l'allergie et/ou leur interprétation erronée risque d'aboutir à des attitudes thérapeutiques inadaptées voire dangereuses. Consciente de cet enjeu, la Société française d'allergologie (SFA) a mis en place un groupe de travail multidisciplinaire pour l'actualisation des recommandations de biologie de l'allergie, les précédentes recommandations élaborées en 2005 par la Haute autorité de santé (HAS) étant devenues en partie obsolètes en raison de l'évolution des techniques et concepts. La méthodologie utilisée est celle des recommandations pour la pratique clinique (RPC) élaborée par la HAS, même si le texte n'a pas été labellisé par celle institution. Le groupe de travail a rédigé 11 recommandations gradées sur l'allergie aux médicaments. Bien que non exhaustives, ces 11 questions répondent aux préoccupations les plus courantes des prescripteurs qu'ils soient allergologues ou non pour la prise en charge des patients ayant une suspicion d'allergie aux médicaments, tout en tenant compte du contexte réglementaire français. Unlike respiratory allergies, food allergies and hymenopteran venoms which involve protein allergens, the management of drug allergies rarely requires the use of laboratory tests to obtain evidence of an IgE-dependent allergic mechanism. A very small number of drug specific IgE assays are available because drugs are mostly haptens. The rational use of the biological tools available according to updated scientific data can guarantee diagnostic efficiency. The misuse of the biology of allergy and/or their misinterpretation may lead to inappropriate or even dangerous therapeutic attitudes. Aware of this issue, the French Society of Allergology (SFA) has set up a multidisciplinary task force to update allergy biology recommendations, the previous recommendations drawn up in 2005 by the High Authority for Health (HAS) having become partly obsolete due to the evolution of techniques and concepts. The methodology used is that of the recommendations for clinical practice (RPC) developed by the HAS, even if the text has not been labeled by that institution. The working group drafted 11 graded recommendations for the management of drug allergy. Although not exhaustive, these 11 questions respond to the most common concerns of prescribers whether or not they are allergists for the management of patients with suspected drug allergy, while taking into account the French regulatory context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'utilisation des spots de sang séché en biologie remonte aux travaux de Guthrie appliqués initialement au dépistage néonatal de la phénylcétonurie, puis étendus depuis au dépistage d'une dizaine de maladies héréditaires. Initialement qualitative ou semi-quantitative, la méthode des spots de sang séché (DBS – Dried Blood Spot) a été appliquée à la quantification de nombreux analytes, avec une difficulté majeure due au manque de précision du volume de sang prélevé. Parmi les facteurs influençant ce volume, l'hématocrite est sans nul doute le plus limitant. Deux nouveaux systèmes dits volumétriques, HémaPENTM et MitraTM ont permis de s'affranchir de la valeur de l'hématocrite. Ils permettent de prélever de façon précise des volumes compris entre 2,5 et 30 µL. Comme les DBS, ces nouveaux systèmes présentent de nombreux avantages comme la facilité de transport et de stockage. Cependant, les faibles volumes de sang prélevés, s'ils sont particulièrement adaptés aux études en pédiatrie ou à l'expérimentation animale, nécessitent le développement de méthodes analytiques sensibles. Ces méthodes sont en général des méthodes chromatographiques couplées à de la spectrométrie de masse validées avec une phase de préparation d'échantillon plus longue que pour des prélèvements classiques. Malgré leurs couts élevés, les systèmes volumétriques ont permis de développer de nombreuses applications quantitatives dans de multiples domaines de la biologie, comme la pharmacocinétique, le suivi thérapeutique, la toxicologie clinique et médico-légale. The use of Dried Blood Spots (DBS) in the field of biology goes back to the work of Guthrie, initially employed for the neonatal screening of phenylketonuria, and extended since to the screening of a dozen of hereditary diseases. At first qualitative or semi-quantitative, the DBS method was used to the quantification of numerous biomarkers with a major difficulty, due to the lack of the precision of the blood volume collected. Amongst the factors influencing this volume, hematocrit is without any doubt, the most restricting. Two new systems called volumetric: HemaPEN™ and Mitra™ allowed to do without the hematocrit value. They allow to sample with precision the volumes between 2,5µL and 30µL. As the DBS, these new tools have many advantages like the simplicity of storage and transportation. However, the low volumes of blood collected, although compatible with pediatric studies or animal experimentation, require the development of sensitive analytical methods. In general, these methods rely on chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, validated with a longer sample preparation phase compared to that of conventional samples. Despite their high costs, volumetric systems allowed the emergence of multiple quantitative applications in many fields of medical biology, such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic drug monitoring, clinical and forensic toxicology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Articolul include definiția medicamentului dată de OMS și caracteristica succintă a proceselor (fazelor) de elaborare a lui, evoluția activităților de cercetare științifică în domeniul medicamentului, realizate de catedra „farmacologie și farmacologie clinică” a USMF „Nicolae Testemițanu” în cele III perioade a anilor 1945-2019. Prezintă interes compartimentul constatării situației în domeniul medicamentului și a nivelului de dezvoltare a industriei farmaceutice naționale, asortimentului de medicamente ce se produc în țară, calității și eficienții lor, tehnologiilor ce se folosesc la fabricarea acestora, cu menționarea stringentă a necesității de restructurare și susținere considerabilă a industriei farmaceutice naționale, care s-a pomenit în situația dificilă. Realizarea scopului, determinarea obiectivă a domeniilor și direcțiilor principale ale cercetărilor științifice cu descriere succintă a celor mai importante rezultate obținute în urma implementărilor lor în practica medicală sunt recunoscute și confirmate prin diverse modalități: publicații științifice, brevete, medicamente autohtone elaborate, monografii și manuale, teze științifice susținute, programe de stat, proiecte și granturi științifice obținute, diverse foruri științifice internaționale și naționale organizate și desfășurate de farmacologii clinicieni, toate având ca scop asigurarea farmacoterapiei raționale, eficiente și inofensive. În vederea soluționării obiectivelor și reformelor înaintate s-a recurs la mai multe acțiuni: Includere disciplinei „Farmacologie clinică” în planurile și programele de instruire a studenților, de pregătire a specialiștilor în domeniu (prin rezidențiat) și de perfecționare postuniversitară a medicilor (USMF „Nicolae Testemițanu”); Implementarea în structurile IMSP a specializării „Medic farmacolog-clinician” și a serviciului „Farmacologie clinică” în sistemul de sănătate din țară; Elaborarea și implementarea Conceptului utilizării raționale a medicamentelor și sistemului de formular. Editarea suportului științific consacrat serviciului „Farmacologia clinică”

The Centre de Référence sur les Agents Tératogènes (CRAT) is a unique French national reference center involved in the risk assessment of exogenous agents (mainly drugs, but also medical imaging and addictions) on pregnancy, breastfeeding and fertility. To help improve patient care, CRAT makes its expertise available to healthcare professionals via its website (www.lecrat.fr), a free, independent and public online resource regularly updated by its multidisciplinary team. In December 2023, a new version was launched, based on the evolutions desired by the CRAT team and on a satisfaction survey of website's users. A predictive search bar integrated into the home page now enables users to find the specific information they are looking for more quickly. To optimize the access via smartphones, a mobile version is now available., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

In preparation for a new version of the CRAT (Centre de référence sur les agents tératogènes) website, an evaluation of user satisfaction was carried out. An invitation to complete an online questionnaire covering the various dimensions of the website (appearance, content, interactivity, ease of use, technical performance) was sent in April 2022 to healthcare professionals who referred to CRAT for clinical expertise over the previous two years. After sending out 3224 individual e-mail invitations, 758 evaluators completed the questionnaire in full (response rate: 23.5%). The evaluation revealed a high-level of overall satisfaction among site users (98.0% very satisfied or satisfied). Satisfaction with the site's appearance was also high, although comments were made about the site's lack of a modern web design. Health professionals recognized in their responses the reliable, relevant and up-to-date nature of the content of this free, public online resource, independent of the pharmaceutical industry. On the basis of these highly favorable assessments, with content that has been widely acclaimed and areas for improvement that have caught the attention of site users (evolution of its appearance, of the search tool, implementation of a mobile site), a new version of www.lecrat.fr was launched in the fall of 2023., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lex Medicinae: Revista Portuguesa de Direito da Saúde is the property of Centro de Direito Biomedico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Primary molars with asymptomatic reversible pulpitis are commonly treated by pulpotomy procedure. Different pulpotomy materials used so far for pulpotomy that have been mentioned in the literature have been included in this article. This literature review includes all medicaments including natural alternatives. Many significant medicaments with their success rates have been mentioned in this paper. To increase the therapeutic success of pulpotomy procedure, it is necessary to identify a novel effective and preferably natural pulpotomy medicament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depuis plusieurs décennies, les missions du pharmacien canadien ont évolué grâce à la reconnaissance dont il bénéficie en tant que spécialiste de la pharmacothérapie et des médicaments. Le Canada est un État fédéral composé de dix provinces et de trois territoires. Chaque province a toute autorité dans le domaine de la santé et organise la pratique de la pharmacie d'un point de vue législatif et réglementaire. Au Québec, les dix dernières années ont été porteuses d'avancées notables à l'officine. For several decades, the missions of the Canadian pharmacist have evolved thanks to the recognition he enjoys as a specialist in pharmacotherapy and drug. Canada is a federal state composed of ten provinces and three territories. Each province has full authority over health care and organises the practice of pharmacy from a legislative and regulatory perspective. In Quebec, the last ten years have seen significant advances in pharmacy practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has spread rapidly all over the world and turned into a pandemic. Rapid spreading, human-to-human transmission, lack of any definitive treatment, and fatality associated with this disease have a significant impact on public health, making it difficult to control. No increased sensitivity to COVID-19 has been reported in pregnant women compared to the general population. However, pregnant women are more susceptible to diseases than those who are not pregnant, and morbidity and mortality rates are higher. Pregnancy and postpartum management of suspicious or infected pregnancies should be performed by a competent team in this regard due to the high mortality rates associated with similar viruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, in pregnant women. The mortality rate due to SARS-CoV infection is about 25%. There is limited information about COVID-19 infection in pregnant women, and for the time being, treatment management is similar to that in non-pregnant women. Some pregnant patients have fetal distress and preterm labor. There is no evidence that coronavirus can spread from mother to baby. Nevertheless, on February 6, 2020, the SARS-CoV 2 test was found to be positive 36 hours after delivery in the newborn of a woman who was COVID-19 positive. In line with all this information, necessary measures should be taken to prevent contamination in pregnant and puerperal women, and appropriate treatment method should be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ces dernières années, 2018 a battu tous les records avec la mise sur le marché de quatorze nouveaux médicaments au-dessus du prix de capage. Outre le fait que le concept de médicament cher mérite une explication, il convient d'envisager l'importance que revêtent et revêtiront ces produits pour l'économie officinale. In recent years, 2018 has been a record year with fourteen new medicines coming on to the market above the ceiling price. In addition to the fact that the concept of expensive medicines deserves an explanation, it is worth considering the importance that these products have and will have for the pharmacy economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'internat en pharmacie est une formation spécialisée de troisième cycle, à la fois universitaire et hospitalière, accessible par concours. Dispensée en quatre ou cinq années, elle conduit à l'obtention d'un diplôme d'études spécialisées, notamment de biologie médicale et de pharmacie hospitalière. The internship in pharmacy is a specialized postgraduate training program, both university and hospital-based, accessible by competitive examination. It lasts four or five years and leads to a diploma of specialized studies, particularly in medical biology and hospital pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]