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Compliance with patients’ rights by medical sciences students requires an understanding of the patients’ rights charter. This study aimed to assess the awareness of medical sciences students regarding the patients’ rights charter. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, involving all final-year medical sciences students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran (n=370). Samples were selected using convenience sampling, and data were collected through a questionnaire designed to evaluate awareness of the patients’ rights charter. The study included 269 students. The results indicated that over half of the students possessed a moderate level of awareness about the patients’ rights charter. Analysis of specific domains revealed that the right to access services had the highest percentage, while the right to personal autonomy had the lowest percentage of awareness. Furthermore, analysis of variance revealed that medical students exhibited the highest level of awareness. Given the moderate level of awareness among medical sciences students regarding the patients’ rights charter, it is essential to design and implement plans to enhance their understanding of patients’ rights.

Background and Objectives: The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to billions of physical devices around the world that are now connected to the internet, all collecting and sharing data. The IoT has been widely applied to interconnect available medical resources and provide reliable, effective and smart healthcare service to the people. The social acceptance of IoT applications and services strongly deepens on the trustworthiness of information and the protection of private data. The marked expansion of the IoT specific technologies has presented daunting ethical challenges. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the ethical issues of IoT in medical sciences in Iran. Methods: The current study was conducted in two phases using the mixed-method approach in winter 2020. In the first phase, the ethical issues of the IoT were identified by library search and assessed by the content analysis. In the second phase, ethical issues were ranked by a panel of experts, including 15 IT experts who worked in medical universities in Iran. The Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method was used for ranking the ethical issues of IoT. Results: The obtained results revealed the importance of informed consent (0.259), privacy (0.227), information security (0.195), trust (0.171), and physical safety (0.148) in ethical issues of IoT. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, informed consent and privacy were the most important ethical issues in IoT. Moreover, IoT devices that target or profile peopleschr('39') information without their knowledge or consent could be interpreted as infringing upon their privacy. The users of these devices should be able to intentionally manage the transformative effects of the technologies that influence and shape their development. Moreover, the health sector policymakers should be aware of the ethical commitment to using IoT technology.

Introduction: Spiritual health is one of the four dimensions of health and it is a way to deal with stress during education. Considering the effect of cultural and geographical factors on both the spiritual health and educational achievement study was done to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and academic achievement of students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2018. Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical and cross Population was 2100 students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences and the sample size was 330 and they were selected from the fields of medicine, dentistry, paramedical, nursing and health by simple random method. For collection of data, a form of information including demographic variables was used. A self-regulatory in learning and spiritual well-being scale (SWBS) questionnaire was employed. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean spirituality well-being score was 81.27 ± 17.43, of 120 which 82.4% of the subjects had a moderate score (41-99). Spiritual health and age (P=./0001), academic years (P=./005) gender (P=./0001), place of residence (P=./008) and father's education(P=./012) were among the significant relationships. The mean self-regulation score for learning was 94.91 ± 13.61. There was also a positive and significant correlation between spiritual health and self-regulation in learning (r=./22 , p=./001) Conclusion: Considering the role of spiritual health in positivism, creating relaxation and helping to improve individual performance, it seems that spiritual health needs to be introduced in educational and cultural planning, especially in the field of practice.

Background: One of the most important ways to promote the quality and attractiveness of the journal for readers is the accurate evaluation of the published articles research methodology in the journals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the research methods of the articles published in the Journal of Hospital. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, the research methods of all articles published in the Journal of Hospital from Fall 2016 to Fall 2018 including qualitative or quantitative, field or library research , data collection methods, data analysis software, location of research, nature of the research (descriptive or analytical, etc.), topics, as well as the number of authors were investigated. Results: Data of 55.29% of papers was qualitative that was turned to quantitative, 47.06% of articles had descriptive-analytical method, and 68.24% of papers had employed a field research method. In addition, 51.76% of articles had used questionnaire and the SPSS software was used in 52.08% of the articles. The location of 45.45% of researches was in Tehran province. Finally, the subject of 23.53% of papers was policy making, planning, leadership, and management in hospitals. Conclusion: Most authors of the articles have followed a very similar research method during the mentioned period. So, creating diversity in the nature of the researches, using other methods of collecting information rather than questionnaires, doing more library research, and not limiting the researches to Tehran province are the most important suggestions for future researchers.

Introduction: Information and communication technology has led to emergence of new ways of teaching and learning. E-learning is one of the new ways of learning in the present era. For the e-learning system to be effective, the current e-learning system should be assessed and. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathology of e-Learning system in Tehran University of Medical Sciences based on Khan Model. Methods: This is a qualitative research with a content analysis approach. The population of the study was the e-learning experts and professors of Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences who sampled purposefully, after eight interviews, saturation was achieved. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview. To analyze the interviews and field notes, content analysis by means of codification was used. Results: According to the Khan model, the damage to the electronic learning system of universities was categorized in the following dimensions, including: "Educational dimension" including components of educational planning, human resources, organizational structure, teaching method, and educational content; The "technical dimension" includes the components of the infrastructure, quality, and security; the "dimensional design interface" includes basic knowledge components, transparency, content reorganization; the "evaluation dimension" including the standard components of the evaluation, and the implementation of the evaluation ; The "dimension of management" includes planning components, organizational structure, and managers' view; the "ethical dimension" includes the components of Amo According to the Khan model, the damage to the electronic learning system of universities was categorized in the following dimensions, including: "Educational dimension" including components of educational planning, human resources, organizational structure, teaching method, and educational content; The "technical dimension" includes the components of the infrastructure, quality, and security; the "dimensional design interface" includes basic knowledge components, transparency, content reorganization; the "evaluation dimension" including the standard components of the evaluation, and the implementation of the evaluation ; The "dimension of management" includes planning components, organizational structure, and managers' view; the "ethical dimension" includes the components of Amon’s position Electronic ethics, professional ethics, and law and regulation; from the "organizational dimension" includes components of change, policy, attitude, and targeting, and from the support dimension, including investment components, and scientific resources’ position Electronic ethics, professional ethics, and law and regulation; from the "organizational dimension" includes components of change, policy, attitude, and targeting, and from the support dimension, including investment components, and scientific resources. Conclusion: According to the findings, the electronic learning system of medical universities has been affected by. Decision makers should identify each affected sections of the electronic learning system in order to eliminate the pitfalls and provide the ground for advancement of this type of education in medical sciences. Keywords: Pathology, learning, e-learning, Khan Model, medical sciences.

Introduction: This research was performed to determine the University lecturers’ teaching styles at Iran University of Medical Sciences. The study could help introduce the importance of the faculty members’ knowledge on different teaching styles and its promotion and also to focus on the importance of using appropriate teaching styles. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all non-clinical faculty members at Iran University of Medical Sciences completed a translated and self-administrated teaching style inventory with a four-point Likert scale in the second semester of the academic year 2010. The data was analyzed using descriptive and Chi2 test and according to the questionnaire guidelines. Result: The majority of the faculty members preferred to present concepts as applied and also encouraged deep learning, cooperative learning, and cognitive processing. Also, there was no significant relationship between teaching styles and their school type, teaching experience, and academic rank. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, and faculty preferences on teaching styles, it is recommended that more attention is paid to the teaching-learning interactions, in terms of accommodation of teaching styles to students’ learning styles.

Introduction: A comprehensive and valid evaluation system with continuous performance is required in order to assess faculty members' educational practice correctly, and plan for quality improvement. This study was done to determine the ten year trends in faculty members' evaluation results in Jondi Shapour University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, evaluation scores of 84 non-clinical faculty members of Jondi Shapour University of Medical Sciences, from 1996 till 2005 were investigated. Faculty members' evaluation scores were taken from the archive of Educational Development Center of the University and were analyzed by SPSS software using repeated measure ANOVA, Pearson correlation coeficient, and t-test. Results: The trends in evaluation scores had minimal changes between 3.95 and 4.02. The mean of faculty members' evaluation scores had no significant difference in different years. Also, the mean of the evaluation scores of male and female faculty members in different years showed no significant difference. Pearson correlation coeficient showed a weak to average correlation between faculty members' evaluation scores in some of the years. (0.22 at minimum and 0.65 at maximum). Conclusion: Faculty members' evaluation by students was invariable in 10 years, despite the fact that students population performing the evaluation, had changed during the period. It is necessary to revise the method of educating teaching skills to faculty members in order to improve their evaluation scores.

RESUMEN La tutoría en la Educación Superior actual, se desarrolla de forma flexible y se acomoda a cada uno de los estudiantes de acuerdo con su personalidad, intereses, conocimientos, capacidades, nivel de dificultades y avances. Es un sistema de educación que a la vez que atiende las características personales del estudiante de manera individualizada, actúa dentro de un sistema de educación colectiva, contribuyendo a la formación integral de los estudiantes. Dentro de esta modalidad académica juega un papel integrador el tutor ya que es el que realiza el trabajo hombre a hombre en aras de lograr un profesional de la salud con una concepción humana capaz de lograr los reto de la sociedad moderna, además es el eje fundamental en la preparación profesional, por lo que debe ejercer un conjunto de influencias educativas e instructivas para que el estudiante logre apropiarse de las habilidades, hábitos y valores que son indispensables en su formación. El objetivo del trabajo consiste en valorar la tutoría en la educación superior haciendo énfasis en la educación médica.