Search

Introduction This study examines limitations of the current regulatory framework for tobacco advertising on Instagram. We first investigate compliance with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning label requirements for posts by tobacco-owned accounts. Next, we examine the prevalence of content that has been restricted in broadcast or print for its youth appeal, followed by content meeting more expansive criteria for youth appeal set forth in the FDA's guidance document. Aims and Methods Posts by tobacco-brand-owned accounts between January 1, 2021, and February 14, 2022, were sampled from Mintel's Comperemedia Omni database. Instagram posts from 15 accounts were examined for violations of FDA warning label requirements and content that has been restricted on other mediums, including cartoons, sports branding, unauthorized claims, and young models (N  = 1243). Finally, a subsample of n  = 453 unambiguously branded posts was coded for themes that met the FDA's criteria of resonating with younger audiences, particularly that "adolescents rely on external information as they seek to shape their own identities." Results Only 12.8% of posts had fully compliant warning labels. Content that has been in some way regulated on other mediums, such as cartoons (1.6%), unauthorized health claims (<1%), sports branding (<1%), and young models (4.4%) were infrequent. However, a conservative analysis focusing only on branded posts found that posts frequently highlighted tech elements (45%), device customizability (24.5%), vaper identity (17.7%), stylized product photography (33.6%), social media engagement (32.2%), and memes (5.7%). Conclusions Enforcement of existing regulations on Instagram is minimal. Explicit content restrictions applying evidence-based guidance on youth-appealing advertising are needed. Implications This research has important implications for enforcing and expanding advertising regulations on social media. First, Instagram's self-imposed regulations are ineffective, permitting tobacco companies to post ads from brand-owned accounts despite claiming to restrict tobacco promotion on the platform. Second, policymakers should seek to apply FDA guidance on youth-appealing advertising informed by decades of research to create explicit enforceable content restrictions that extend beyond cartoons, sports figures, and young models to include content likely to situate tobacco use within the developing self-concept of vulnerable youth such as presenting e-cigarettes as hi-tech devices, highlighting vaper identity, or infiltrating online social media culture. Finally, greater resources for enforcement are needed given the only applicable regulation, warning labels, remains largely ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magazine "GesR: Health Law" contains various articles on medical topics, including photographing patients in hospitals, granting approval despite the deletion of a criminal offense in the Federal Central Register, and written form requirements for treatment and cost plans. It also covers court rulings on medical liability, state liability for "Corona" vaccination damages, and claims for inclusion in the medical device directory. The authors of the articles are Prof. Dr. Ingo Palsherm, Martin Rehborn, Jörn Schroeder-Printzen, Heike Thomae, and others. The text also provides information on the social insurance obligation of a practicing physician due to the use of an operating room in a hospital, as well as the adjustment of the reference value for compensation payments to hospitals due to special burdens caused by the Corona pandemic. Other topics include insurance coverage for restrictions in hospital operations due to Corona and demands from the medical profession for an EU strategy against drug supply shortages. It also mentions reviews of a handbook on medical research law and current news from various organizations in the healthcare sector. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Performing transopercular frontal approaches to the insula, widely used in glioma surgeries, necessitates a meticulous understanding of both cortical and subcortical neuroanatomy. This precision is vital for preserving essential structures and accurately interpreting the results of direct electrical stimulation. Nevertheless, acquiring a compelling mental image of the anatomy of this region can be challenging due to several factors, among which stand out its complexity and the fact that white matter fasciculi are imperceptible to the naked eye in the living brain. Aim: In an effort to optimize the study of the anatomy relevant to this topic, we performed a procedure-guided laboratory study using subpial dissection, fiber dissection, vascular coloration, and stereoscopic photography in a "real-life" surgical perspective. Methods: Nine cerebral specimens obtained from body donation were extracted and fixed in formalin. Colored silicone injection and a variant of Klinglers's technique were used to demonstrate vascular and white matter structures, respectively. We dissected and photographed the specimens in a supero-antero-lateral view to reproduce the surgeon's viewpoint. The anatomy related to the development of the surgical corridor and resection cavity was documented using both standard photography and the red-cyan anaglyph technique. Results: The anatomy of frontal transopercular approaches to the insula involved elements of different natures—leptomeningeal, cortical, vascular, and fascicular—combining in the surgical field in a complex disposition. The disposition of these structures was successfully demonstrated through the aforementioned anatomical techniques. Among the main structures in or around the surgical corridor, the orbital, triangular, and opercular portions of the inferior frontal gyrus are critical landmarks in the cortical stage, as well as the leptomeninges of the Sylvian fissure and the M2–M4 branches of the middle cerebral artery in the subpial dissection stage, and the inferior fronto-occipital, uncinate and arcuate fasciculi, and the corona radiata in establishing the deep limits of resection. Conclusions: Procedure-guided study of cerebral hemispheres associating subpial, vascular, and fiber dissection from a surgical standpoint is a powerful tool for the realistic study of the surgical anatomy relevant to frontal transopercular approaches to the insula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical photography has multiple, important roles. The education of medical practitioners, documentation of disease, response to treatment, research, publication, intraoperative recording and trauma documentation all rely on medical photography. Additionally, there are important medicolegal implications pertaining to medical photography across many medical disciplines. Other than specific image use to document cases, there remains a paucity of urological literature regarding the use of medical photography in Urology. The aims of this 6-month study were to document the use of medical photography by a Reconstructive Urological Service in a tertiary referral centre and to assess the range of urological conditions photographed. A secondary aim was to specifically document intraoperative use of the medical photography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the dynamic field of healthcare, clinical coding plays a key role in providing accurate and comprehensive information about patients' illnesses and their treatment as part of a comprehensive medical service. Coding systems are now part of health information systems across Europe. Much of what is known about the extent of prevalence, causes and consequences of human disease and mortality worldwide is based on the use of data coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The ICD is the world's standard methodology for collecting mortality and morbidity data. The analysis of the available literature on the selected issues outlines the multidimensional role of coding systems in health care, which has a huge impact on decisionmaking in the process of providing medical services. In Bulgaria, despite the abundance of literary sources in the native medical literature, there is still a lack of a comprehensive analysis dedicated specifically to the importance of clinical coding. Regardless of what coding system in a country is used, it is important that medical institutions are trained and know how to record full and precise information about diagnoses and procedures. In this regard, a survey and analysis was conducted in various medical institutions within 6 months in 2023 among staff dealing with clinical coding in medical institutions: doctors, health care professionals, coders and others. The study focused on organization and training in clinical coding, with the aim of highlighting the key elements that contribute to the high degree of accuracy and efficiency in this important medical process. By analyzing the various aspects related to professionalism, training, and internal structures of medical institutions, the study seeks to reveal the inevitable relationship between well-organized and trained coding and increased quality of health care [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to several factors that affect photograph quality, bias is inevitably present in two-dimensional (2D) breast photography. The principal variables affecting image performance at a fixed focus length are the distance between the camera and the subjects and the photography angles. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of camera-to-subject distances and camera height on breast measurement parameters to understand the trend of breast deformation and provide guidance for the accurate evaluation of planar follow-up. Methods: We enlisted 16 volunteers with various breast cup sizes (A–D). Frontal and lateral photos were obtained with a steady focus of 50 mm at distances between 1.10 m and 2.20 m and at heights between 30 cm above the nipple and 30 cm below the nipple at intervals of 10 cm. Two researchers independently evaluated each volunteer's breast aesthetic parameters, including 11 linear parameters, 3 area parameters, and 3 ratio parameters, using Vernier calipers and Photoshop. Results: The correlation coefficient of the two investigators ranged from 0.922 to 0.999. The results measured by Photoshop were 29.67 ± 5.23% greater than those of the Vernier caliper (p < 0.01). In contrast to ratio parameters, which showed no significant changes in each distance group (p = 1.00), linear parameters and area parameters significantly increased as object distance decreased (p < 0.05). The lower pole of the breast grew wider and flatter and occupied a larger proportion of the breast as height declined. Conclusion: Camera-to-subject distances of 1.5–1.7 m are recommended for stabilized and uniform breast photography. Varying shooting height affects breast distortion. Quantifying the relationship between photographic conditions and breast morphology enables plastic surgeons to conduct more comprehensive and accurate assessments. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. Bullet point list: The breast morphology will get more distortion with a smaller camera-to-subject distance. Camera-to-subject distances of 1.5~1.7m are recommended for stabilized and uniform breast photography. Height rather than distance affects the breast proportion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical television programmes, across their history, have had specific relationships to places and spaces. On one level, they have represented medical and health places, such as, consulting rooms, hospitals, the home, community spaces, public health infrastructures, etc. Television producers have represented these places, in line with the capabilities of television technologies and grammars. Moreover, producers have borrowed their images of medical and health places from other media (film, photographs, museum displays, etc.) and integrated, adjusted and reformulated them into their work. But medical television has also worked spatially in the political sense of being broadcast internationally, nationally, and locally; therein interacting with differing regimes and polities. This facet includes regional and local broadcasting, as well as public-private divides, including pay television, advertisement and audience measurement. On both levels, medical television programmes have served to represent familiar and unfamiliar locations and medical modes to patients and medical or health practitioners. This issue of Media History on medical television follows the conference of the same title, Locating Medical Television, organised in the framework of the ERC funded BodyCapital project and the Science Museum London. It intends to locate medical television more precisely; to engage (medical) TV history with recent questions concerning the relevance of space within and beyond national borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Intersex Medical Photography, Sous Rature (Under Erasure): Haunted Colonial Histories and Decolonial Intersex Futurities" explores the ways in which certain bodies and corporeal features are pathologized and produced as abnormal by eugenic ideologies. The author focuses on South African medicine and its colonial and racist underpinnings, debunking the claim that intersexuality is disproportionately common among Black South Africans. The article highlights the activism of South African intersex individuals in contesting pathologization and advocating for bodily autonomy and self-determination. The author also discusses the unique methodological approach of the book, which intentionally excludes medical photographs of intersex individuals to disrupt the objectifying logics of colonial medicine. Overall, the article offers a decolonial perspective on intersexuality and envisions more just and inclusive futures. [Extracted from the article]

Sensitive images represent a new challenge in enterprise imaging. These images, often containing nudity or gruesome content, have the potential to cause emotional harm to patients and people who view the images. Unfortunately, the interoperability standards used in imaging informatics have not yet addressed this issue. Because of this, the software solutions used in healthcare information technology are not able to offer patients and other viewers of image protections. In this Health Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS)/Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM) Enterprise Imaging Community Whitepaper, we define sensitive images, identify unique challenges related to their management, and provide recommendations for future solutions to protect our patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the application value of artificial intelligence (AI) based retinal microvascular analysis in the diagnosis of diabetes retinopathy (DR), diabetes nephropathy (DN) and other diabetes complications. Methods From January to December 2022, 305 subjects from the Health Medicine Department and Endocrine Department of the Eastern Theater Command General Hospital of PLA were divided into healthy control group (n = 119), diabetes without DR group (n = 100), and diabetes with DR group (n = 86) according to the condition of diabetes and its complications. The group of diabetes with DR was further divided into the group without DN (n = 50) and the group with DN (n = 36). Clinical data, laboratory test indicators, and fundus photography results of all the subjects were collected. Independent sample t-test, Kruskal Wallis H-test, and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results There were statistically significant differences in FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c, central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), and retinal arteriovenous ratio (AVR) among the three groups (all P < 0.05). In patients with diabetes complicated with DR, there were statistically significant differences in the history of diabetes, total number of bleeding, total area of exudation, maximum area of exudation and total number of exudation between non-DN group and DN group (all P < 0.05). There was correlation between retinal microvascular indicators and diabetic retinopathy. When the total area of retinal hemorrhage, total area of exudation, and maximum area of exudation increased, the risk of diabetic retinopathy increased. Conclusion AI-based retinal microvascular analysis has value in providing prompt indication and assisting with the diagnosis of complications in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of the study is to assess the effects of wound healing with a commercially available light emitting diode (LED) photo biomodulation (PBM) device that emits three wavelengths (465, 640 and 880nm) after ablative fractional laser (AFL) treatment to healthy skin on the bilateral inner biceps. We conducted a prospective intraindividual randomized controlled study with 25 volunteers. AFL treatment was performed on healthy skin of the bilateral inner biceps. Subjects applied the LED light device for 30 min to the assigned bicep 3 times a week over 4 weeks, beginning on day 0. Subjects were followed up on days 2, 4, 6, 9, 13, 20 and 27 for treatment with the PBM device, clinical digital photography of the test and control sites, and in-person subject assessment, with follow ups on days 34 and 55 for clinical photography and assessment. Three blinded evaluators were asked to determine which bicep healed faster between day 0 to day 13. Pain, discomfort, and itch were also assessed. The three blinded evaluators chose the treatment arm as the faster healed arm in greater than 50% of the images, although the results were not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference between test and control arms in terms of pain, discomfort and itch. In conclusion, PBM therapy has the potential to improve wound healing. In this study, a three wavelength PBM device resulted in some subjects achieving faster healing after AFL but the results were not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Facial telangiectasias is a prevalent cosmetic disorder that can be associated with several conditions such as rosacea. IPL (intensity pulsed light) therapy is commonly used for the treatment of vascular lesions. This study tested the efficacy of an IPL system emitting selected vascular chromophore-specific wavelengths in the range of 500–1200 nm for the treatment of vascular lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of 39 patients affected by different vascular lesions on their face were enrolled. The procedure consisted of three treatment sessions, spaced 1 month apart, using the IPL system with a 500–677 and 854–1200 nm filter. Follow-up was performed at 21–90 days (3 weeks–3 months) after the last IPL session. Three-dimensional and dermoscopic clinical photographs were captured and evaluated using a five-point scale. Adverse events were checked. Results: In total, 21 patients achieved excellent improvement, 13 patients achieved good improvement, 3 patients achieved moderate improvement, 2 patients achieved mild improvement, and 0 patients achieved no improvement, with an overall good response to treatment. The photographic evaluation showed good results as soon as 3 days after the last IPL session. Relevant side effects were absent. Conclusions: The study device may represent a successful treatment to improve vascular lesions that are resistant to laser therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Foreign body insertion associated with sexual gratification is known as polyembolokoilomania. Following removal of the foreign body, long-term complications are infrequently seen. Whilst conservative and endoscopic approaches usually suffice, in extreme cases open surgical approaches are required. We describe an unusual case of polyembolokoilomania in a 25-year-old male involving a single 'AAA' battery who developed a urethrocutaneous fistula requiring delayed reconstructive surgery. Case presentation: Following an initial successful open extraction of an 'AAA' battery from the mid penile urethra the patient developed a delayed urethrocutaenous fistula of the glans. This was managed using a single stage closure with a preputial graft on its vascular pedicle thereby preserving the foreskin and avoiding a buccal graft. No intra-operative or post-operative complications occurred with a catheter left in situ for 2 weeks. Formal histology confirmed a foreign body type reaction. Following outpatient review successful cosmetic, functional, and sexual outcomes were recorded with questionnaires and medical photography. Conclusion: Preputial advancement flap with foreskin preservation for distal urethrocutaenous fistula is a successful method of treating delayed urethrocutaenous fistula of the distal urethra in cases of polyembolokoilomania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a Foucauldian reading of the movies Girl, Interrupted (1999) and Unsane (2018) which deal with women in psychiatric institutions. Building on Foucault's conceptualization of asylums, the medical gaze, and confinement as a paradigm of power, the researchers study the female protagonists in the two movies as characters struggling with psychological issues stemming from their rejection of gender normativity. The experiences of Susanna and Sawyer in asylums are a reflection of a larger struggle against social expectations and sexual norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: New 3D technologies for superficial soft tissue changes, especially in plastic and reconstructive surgical procedures, can improve the planning and documentation of facial surgeries. The purpose of this study was to compare and determine the applicability and feasibility of three different 3D-photography systems in clinical practice imaging the nose. Methods: A total of 16 healthy non-operated noses were included in this prospective study. A plaster model of each nose was produced, digitized, and converted to a.stl mesh (= ground truth model). Three-dimensional images of each nose were then taken using Artec Space Spider (gold standard), Planmeca ProFace®, and the Bellus3D Dental Pro application. All resulting.stl files were aligned to the ground truth model using MeshLab software, and the root mean square error (RMSE), mean surface distance (MSD), and Hausdorff distance (HD) were calculated. Results: The Artec Space Spider 3D-photography system showed significantly better results compared to the two other systems in regard to RMSE, MSD, and HD (each p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between Planmeca ProFace® and Bellus3D Dental Pro in terms of RMSE, MSD, and HD. Overall, all three camera systems showed a clinically acceptable deviation to the reference model (range: -1.23–1.57 mm). Conclusions: The three evaluated 3D-photography systems were suitable for nose imaging in the clinical routine. While Artec Space Spider showed the highest accuracy, the Bellus3D Dental Pro app may be the most feasible option for everyday clinical use due to its portability, ease of use, and low cost. This study presents three different systems, allowing readers to extrapolate to other systems when planning to introduce 3D photography in the clinical routine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the jubilee of Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov's stay in the Caucasus. Based on a wide range of literature and the first-time archival sources introduced into scientific circulation, the authors gave a brief outline of the development of anesthesia in world medical practice. The variants and cases of etheric anesthesia in the Caucasus in the field are described in detail. The article also reflects the difficulties that Nikolai Pirogov encountered when introducing etheric anesthesia into medical practice. The authors point to the criticism that sounded towards Nikolai Pirogov and his methods both from the lips of medical colleagues and ordinary military men. Particular attention is paid to innovative proposals in the field of medical care in military field conditions. One of Nikolay Pirogov's earlier notes on the organization of medical aid on the battlefield is analyzed, in which the surgeon describes a fundamentally important and new method for sorting the wounded. It was thanks to the tireless work of the great surgeon in the Caucasus that ethereal anesthesia began to be introduced throughout the Russian Empire, which greatly facilitated both the work of doctors and the fate of patients. At the same time, he points out those restrictions, which, according to N. İ. Pirogov had to be observed during the application of anesthesia in the military field: this is a closer monitoring of patients, as well as the uninterrupted supply of medical services to medicines. The result of N. İ. Pirogov in the Caucasus was the lifting of restrictions on the use of inhalation anesthesia in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For all species, causes of mortality, both anthropogenic and natural, should be recorded. In Critically Endangered species these records are even more important, owing to their potential impacts on small and/or declining populations. Here we present a case of natural mortality that occurred when a 20-day old Hooded Vulture nestling fell from its nest in Limpopo province, South Africa, which is a new cause of mortality for the Critically Endangered Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus throughout its range. We also compile all known causes of mortality for Hooded Vultures from the scientific and grey literature. The carcass of this nestling was found on the ground below the nest some 25 days later. This cause of mortality is previously undocumented for this vulture species, and it was recorded on a series of photographs taken by a camera trap in the nest tree. We believe this cause of mortality to be uncommon when compared to other threats faced by this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increased use of technology, the use of medical photography has also increased, especially for secondary purposes. Secondary use only results in a benefit for clinicians and is considered a one‐way process. This, in turn, raises several potential ethical issues, despite the numerous benefits of medical photography. The descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted with 82 physicians who took medical photos, in Ankara, Turkey. The mean age of the participants was 44.7 years. Of the participants, 95.1% reported using their personal mobile phones for photographing and 84.1% reported taking medical photos for "use in clinical trainings (clinical seminars, student and patient trainings, etc.)". Among physicians who took photos for research purposes, 29.3% reported obtaining only verbal consent. In addition, 53.7% of physicians reported storing medical photos on their personal computers. It seems that there is no consensus among physicians regarding taking, storing, and using medical photos, and these results cause ethical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely known as an alternative therapy for androgenetic alopecia (AGA); however, there is no standardized method for its preparation and application. This study aims to compare the thrombocyte count elevation and clinical AGA improvements between single- and double-spin PRP preparation methods. METHODS: This preliminary, double-blind, randomized clinical trial included 30 male subjects with AGA aged 25 to 59 years with Hamilton-Norwood stages III to VI. Subjects were divided into a single-spin group (3,000rpm for 15 minutes) and a double-spin group (first spinning at 1,500rpm for 6 minutes, continuing at 2,500rpm for 15 minutes). The study was conducted for six weeks, with a two-week visit interval. Baseline and PRP thrombocyte counts were assessed on the initial appointment. A total of 1cc of PRP was intradermally injected into a 6×4cm predetermined area, administered at Weeks 0, 2, and 4. At every visit, clinical progress was assessed by overall hair appearance, photography, trichoscopy, and trichoscan. All subjects were instructed to use minoxidil twice daily during the study. This study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID No. NCT05681897). RESULTS: Both groups increased thrombocyte counts by 4 to 5 times from their initial levels; however, the increase in the single-spin group was more significant. Significant improvements were observed in both groups, including hair density, hair rate, and hair count of anagen, telogen, vellus, and terminal hair. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include lack of placebo or vehicle control. CONCLUSION: Both PRP preparation methods significantly raise thrombocyte counts, substantially improve nearly all hair parameters, and have tremendous therapeutic promise for treating AGA. Clinicians may designate one of the two techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This hybrid environmental creative nonfiction invites the reader to consider a small, contaminated patch of land tucked inside an industrial neighborhood in Montréal (Tiohtià:ke). By exploring the multiscalar geographies and histories of this site—now a municipal phytoremediation testbed—I seek to reframe the notion of remediation against the extractive and colonial logics that underpin Western technoscientific imaginaries and practices of healing. Thus, I will address the "pluriverse" as a coalescing of multiple and incommensurable scales of living and non-living, political and affective, and social and economic processes that define a seemingly desolate urban wasteland (Povinelli 2016). Through photography and repeated visits, I consider ancient Carboniferous worlds and persistent toxicants (Hird 2013); Suncor refineries and a neighborhood; soil (Puig de la Bellacasa 2015), trees, bacteria (Hird and Yusoff 2019), and those who inhabit and continue to care for this place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provision of medical support for athletes during the Olympic Games has been a feature of each Olympic event. Prior to 1960, medical services were largely utilitarian in nature, frequently relying on military medical services and focused on providing only the essential medical support to athletes, support staff and spectators during the games. However, the appointment of Professor Luigi Gedda to lead the Medical and Scientific Committee for Rome led to an expansion of healthcare services beyond routine clinical delivery, to focus on an extensive and controversial research and education programme during the games. Subsequently, the games were confronted by a range of novel clinical scenarios, including the presence of intense heat during competitions, the transmission of infectious disease among athletes, the rapidly expanding use of drugs by athletes and the death of an athlete following competition. This paper utilises archival documents and contemporary sources to critically review the nature, effectiveness and impact of the healthcare provided at the 1960 Olympic Games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality clinical photography has become an integral part of dermatology in the context of patient evaluation and monitoring, clinical teaching, and research. Technological advancements in smartphones have allowed dermatologists to incorporate photography in workflows; however, acquiring quality photos poses its own challenges. Outlining a best practice approach to image capture prior to biopsy will facilitate establishing a team-based approach for the implementation of clinical photography in workflow. We propose this guide with the intent of improving patient care though photography in the clinical setting and the goal of integrating high-quality photography into routine clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to identify the accuracy of the medical translation and describe the result of the quality translation of the Clinically Oriented Anatomy book in Bahasa Indonesia. This is a descriptive, qualitative research which focus on single case, objective of the data is the medical terminology that found in the translation process. The data collected by Focus Group Discussion, Interview, and Questioner with the key informants who is a specialist dentist, and two general dentists. The number of the data is 359, the result of the research showed that 36.49 % from the specialist doctor, 34.81% from the general dentist and the last 35.93% that give the scale of the accuracy in the translation. It can be concluded that, the accuracy of the translation is less accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical photography has been utilized in clinical, academic, and research settings. In conservative countries, such as Saudi Arabia, limited data reflect patients’ viewpoints on medical photography. Objectives: To assess patients’ opinions on medical photography and the factors influencing its acceptability. Methods: A cross-sectional study utilizing a self-distributed paper-based questionnaire was performed in the dermatology clinics at King Abdulaziz Medical City (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) between February 2020 and January 2021. The response rate is 100% as only willing participants were handed a hard-copy survey and then retrieved once completed. Results: A total of 414 Saudi adults were enrolled. Medical photography was highly acceptable, fairly acceptable, and poorly acceptable in 36.7%, 11.6%, and 14.3% of the patients, respectively. Females were more accepting of medical photography than males (p = 0.041). Physicians were the most preferred choice as photographers (83%). Stating all intended use of the photographs was favored by the majority of patients. Using a department-owned camera was essential to 84%. Patients who never had their photographs taken previously were more unaccepting of medical photography than those with prior experience (p = 0.037). Limitations: the study was conducted at a single center; therefore, it may not represent the entire population. Conclusions: Medical photography is acceptable to the majority of patients. Meeting popular preferences, including physicians as photographers, using department-owned cameras, and stating all possible uses of the photographs may enhance patients’ experience. The findings offer insight for developing a standardized framework that is suitable for both patients and physicians.

This article discusses the importance of clinical images in dermatology and the need for improved representation of skin of color (SOC) in these images. It emphasizes the need for proper informed consent and privacy protection when collecting and using SOC images. The article highlights the inconsistent practices of obtaining consent and the potential risks of unauthorized distribution of images. It also addresses cultural and social factors that may affect the consenting process for SOC patients. The article provides recommendations for standardized consenting procedures, secure image storage, and appropriate image use to protect patient privacy and ensure adherence to consent agreements. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the lesser-known aspect of Ansel Adams' career as a medical photographer. While Adams is best known for his landscape photography, he also excelled in capturing portraits, architectural structures, and medical procedures. In the 1960s, Adams was commissioned by the University of California to document its campuses and faculties, resulting in over 7,000 photographs, with 605 selected for printing and signing. Some of these images, including intra-operative photographs and medical examinations, were displayed in an exhibit titled "Fiat Lux" and later compiled into a book. The article highlights Adams' versatility and the lessons that physicians and surgeons can learn from his approach to overcome unexpected challenges. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Shared decision-making (SDM) has received a great deal of attention as an effective way to achieve patient-centered medical care. SDM aims to bring doctors and patients together to develop treatment plans through negotiation. However, time pressure and subjective factors such as medical illiteracy and inadequate communication skills prevent doctors and patients from accurately expressing and obtaining their opponent's preferences. This problemleads to SDM being in an incomplete information environment, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the negotiation and even leads to failure. Methods: In this study, we integrated a negotiation strategy that predicts opponent preference using a genetic algorithm with an SDM auto-negotiation model constructed based on fuzzy constraints, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of SDM by addressing the problems posed by incomplete information environments and rapidly generating treatment plans with high mutual satisfaction. Results: A variety of negotiation scenarios are simulated in experiments and the proposedmodel is compared with other excellent negotiationmodels. The results indicated that the proposed model better adapts to multivariate scenarios and maintains higher mutual satisfaction. Discussion: The agent negotiation framework supports SDM participants in accessing treatment plans that fit individual preferences, thereby increasing treatment satisfaction. Adding GA opponent preference prediction to the SDM negotiation framework can effectively improve negotiation performance in incomplete information environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing use of graphic novels and comics (GnCs) in medical education, especially—but not only—to provide students with a vicarious learning experience in some areas of clinical medicine (palliative care, difficult communication, and rare diseases). This scoping review aimed to answer questions about how GnCs are used, the theories underlying their use, and the learning outcomes. Twenty-nine articles were selected from bibliographic databases and analyzed. A thematic analysis revealed four many themes: learning outcomes, students' reactions, theories and methods, and use of GnCs as vicarious learning. GnCs can support the achievement of cognitive outcomes, as well as soft skills and professionalism. The reactions were engagement and amusement, but drawing comics was also perceived as a protected space to express concerns. GnCs proved to be a possible way to provide a vicarious experience for learning. We found two classes of theories on the use of GnCs: psychological theories based on the dual concurrent coding of text and images and semiotics theories on the interpretation of signs. All the studies but two were single arm and observational, quantitative, qualitative, or mixed. These results suggest that further high-quality research on the use of GnC in medical training is worthwhile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Fundus examination is an integral part of the clinical evaluation of patients with medical emergencies. It is done at the bedside using a portable direct ophthalmoscope. Smartphone fundus photography (SFP) is a novel technique of retinal imaging. We evaluated the use of SFP by a physician in medical emergencies and compared it with direct ophthalmoscopy (DO) findings of the ophthalmologist. Methods. We did a prospective study on patients admitted with medical emergencies with an indication for fundus examination. The SFP was done by the physician, and its findings were noted. These were compared with the DO findings of the ophthalmologist. Results. Of the 182 patients studied, 111 (61%) had fundus findings by SFP and 95 (52.5%) by DO. Papilloedema (21.4%), haemorrhages (20%) and Roth spots (12.5%) were most common. DO missed early papilloedema and findings in the peripheral retina. Conclusions. SFP is as effective as DO, in detecting retinal findings in patients with medical emergencies and can be performed at the bedside by the physician. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to reveal the scope, dimensions and current practices and problems of the interventions in terms of medical social work and hospital management in the diagnosis and treatment processes of the disabled individual from the time of admission to the hospital. In this respect, a multidisciplinary research was conducted by considering health management and social work intervention together. Procedures and practices that differentiate the disabled person from other patients are required throughout the entire process, from the admission to the hospital to the end of the treatment processes. These hospital processes alone are not sufficient in some cases, and communication and partnership with other institutions are mandatory. Medical social work has important roles and functions especially at this stage. Qualitative method was used in this research. Based on the fact that the hospital management has certain roles in each of the planned intervention stages of the social work in the hospital process of the disabled individual, two cases that may include these roles have been constructed. These fictions have been designed in accordance with the current legislation and operation, benefiting from the long-term observations of the author working in the hospital. It is aimed to reflect the problems to be experienced in possible situations by constructing the case. In the analysis of the cases, the processes outside the hospital were mentioned from time to time within the scope of the roles of medical social work, but the analysis framework was tried to be kept within the boundaries of hospital management and medical social work. After the theoretical framework has been put forward, the roles and functions of hospital management in the planned intervention stages of the cases have been pointed out. Thus, an analysis was made on the cases with the perspective of health management and medical social work, problems were identified and suggestions were developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disability is not a subject that is often covered in contemporary Lebanese cinema, despite a few initiatives taking place in the past decade. This article analyses the representations of characters with disabilities in four Lebanese films: Ghadi (2013), Bébé (2013), Rabih or Tramontane (2016), and By Chance or Bel Sodfé (2019). The study reveals that these films oscillate between critiquing societal norms and state policies, covering the disability from a medical standpoint, and normalizing disability. Additionally, the films underscore the significant role played by families in caring for disabled individuals in Lebanon. The study also highlights how the portrayal of disability was exaggerated when played by able-bodied actors but was more understated and sometimes excessively normalized when the actors had real-life disabilities. Finally, the article argues that taking intersectional identity into account can lead to more nuanced and diverse conclusions about the representation of disability in Lebanese cinema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocular decompression retinopathy (ODR) is characterized by multiple retinal hemorrhages. It is a rare complication associated with rapid decrease of intraocular pressure (IOP). The course of ODR is usually asymptomatic and self-limiting, which was confirmed by the observation of our patient. In this study, we present a 5-month follow up of a 77-year-old woman with acute right eye (RE) filtration angle closure who developed symptoms of ODR. Clinical examination and multimodal imaging modalities, including color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA) and fluorescein angiography (FA), were used to confirm the diagnosis and performed regularly in monitoring the course of the disease. Fundus lesions in the RE included diffuse intraretinal hemorrhages in the posterior pole, which gradually resolved during follow-up time. The fundus of the left eye (LE) was normal. The patient underwent conservative therapy, laser therapy and surgery, achieving stabilization of the IOP and improvement of the local condition in the RE. Of the various multimodal imaging techniques, color fundus photography and OCT seemed to be the most specific and helpful in monitoring the patient with ODR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first hermaphrodite photographs date from 1860 by Nadar. They are mostly framed by an anatomical and medical perspective according to which hermaphroditism is a pathology. However, one can read something much more ambiguous in this series. Other relationships are played at the margins of categories of gender, sex, sexuality, reality and fiction. I propose to re-read these photos according to the perspective of what I call a "reserve of imagination." Reserve of imagination consists of dream visions from which new universes emerge. It also emphasizes the potential for heterotopic places to remain marginalized. This other interpretation of Nadar was developed in the photographic sense of the term; it developed afterwards through the work of SMITH, French contemporary artist working among other things on gender. The very idea of indeterminacy, which constitutes SMITH's queer thinking and aesthetics, was already present in Nadar's notable use of blurring and framing. SMITH's photographs of intersex people radically overturn the anatomical and medical gaze: intersex is no longer a pathology. If, the medical thought of the 19th and early 20th century would have liked to visually include hermaphrodites in the category of the degeneration, it did not succeed, thanks to this reserve of imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Diseases affecting the cornea are a major cause of corneal blindness globally. The pressing issue we are facing today is the lack of diagnostic devices in rural areas to diagnose these conditions. The aim of the study is to establish sensitivity and accuracy of smartphone photography using a smart eye camera (SEC) in ophthalmologic community outreach programs. Methods: In this pilot study, a prospective non-randomized comparative analysis of inter-observer variability of anterior segment imaging recorded using an SEC was performed. Consecutive 100 patients with corneal pathologies, who visited the cornea specialty outpatient clinic, were enrolled. They were examined with a conventional non-portable slit lamp by a cornea consultant, and the diagnoses were recorded. This was compared with the diagnoses made by two other consultants based on SEC videos of the anterior segment of the same 100 patients. The accuracy of SEC was accessed using sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV. Kappa statistics was used to find the agreement between two consultants by using STATA 17.0 (Texas, USA). Results: There was agreement between the two consultants to diagnosing by using SEC. Above 90% agreements were found in all the diagnoses, which were statistically significant (P-value < 0.001). More than 90% sensitivity and a negative predictive value were found. Conclusion: SEC can be used successfully in the community outreach programs like field visits, eye camps, teleophthalmology, and community centers, where either a clinical setup is lacking or ophthalmologists are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the nineteenth century, photography became common in psychiatric asylums. Although patient photographs were produced in large numbers, their original purpose and use are unclear. Journals, newspaper archives and Medical Superintendents' notes from the period 1845–1920 were analysed to understand the reasons behind the practice. This revealed: (1) empathic motivation: using photography to understand the mental condition and aid treatment; (2) therapeutic focus on biological processes: using photography to detect biological pathologies or phenotypes; and (3) eugenics: using photography to recognise hereditary insanity, aimed at preventing transmission to future generations. This reveals a conceptual move from empathic intentions and psychosocial understandings to largely biological and genetic explanations, providing context for contemporary psychiatry and the study of heredity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of medical images are generated for diagnostic purposes, disease monitoring, research and education, quality control in health services, and so on. The secure transmission and storage of them demand a significant effort. Most of the available encryption schemes are designed for non-medical images, whereas medical images need a higher level of security and robust authentication. Additionally, in certain cases, only a specific part of the image, which may be separated into the region of interest and the region of background, medical images can be divided into these two regions. A region-based medical image encryption using a 2D logistic sine map (2DLSM) and an advanced zig zag transform is used to secure medical images. First, the Region of Interest (ROI) is extracted from the original medical image using basic morphological techniques, including edge detection, dilation, and erosion. Secondly, the ROI is encrypted using a complex zigzag transform and a 2D logistic sine map (2DLSM). Advanced zigzag transform that crosses in both directions while beginning at random points to jumble the image. This new zigzag transform method is more complex than existing zigzag transform techniques because the number of sequence types is equal to the number of pixels in the plaintext image. The confused image is diffused using a random sequence created using the 2D logistic sine map approach after numerous iterations of an advanced zigzag transformation. In order to save time and computational resources, the background region pixels are eliminated during encryption. Experiments and security analyses show that the suggested approach is strong in defending against diverse assaults and can effectively secure ROI of different types and sizes of medical photos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine if imaging with a thermal infrared camera might aid clinicians with diagnosis of equivocal necrotizing soft tissue infections of the genitalia (NSTIG) cases and help surgeons when determining appropriate surgical resection margins. For 12 months at a single tertiary academic hospital, sequential patients already undergoing exploration for acute scrotum had preoperative photography with an infrared camera (FLIR C5). We compared infrared and standard preoperative photography with operative reports and postoperative photography to investigate if infrared photography corresponded with operative findings in severe scrotal infections—specifically the viability of the skin and the ultimate surgical resection margins. A total of 16 patients were included. The pre-operative infrared photos directly correlated with resection margins in 13 of 16 (81%) patients. Notably, areas with a relatively lower (cooler) infrared intensity corresponded well to both visibly necrotic tissue when discrete and areas with large underlying fluid collections. Diffuse warm signal relative to surrounding skin correlated with cellulitis and viable skin. In this observational study, infrared photography corresponded well with physical exam and operative findings. There may be a role for augmented temperature photography in the diagnosis and triage of scrotal infections. More research with standardized temperature gating of infrared signal and controls with normal or nonacute scrotums are needed to elucidate the clinical utility for infrared photograph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay consists of two parts: the first discusses interdisciplinary issues relating to the neurobiological evidence that vision processes are processes of construction of reality. Therefore, moving from the interdependence between mindscape and landscape (Lingiardi, 2017), in the second part the text illustrates a proposal for the conjugation between photographic research "Eye Fitness" (Lovero, 2020) and pedagogical literature related to transformative learning (Mezirow, 2003; Taylor, Cranton, 2012), and to aesthetic languages (Formenti, 2017) in the training of care professionals (Schön, 1993; Mortari, 2004; Striano, Melacarne, Oliverio, 2018; Zannini, 2008). Therefore, in the light of research around medical education, the experimentation of the Laboratory "EYE CARE: Theories and Practices of Disciplinary Hybridization between Photography, Care and Complexity"; is investigated in the training project implemented in the "Adult Education course" of the degree course for Professional Health Educator of the School of Medicine of the Aldo Moro University of Bari, starting from a.y. 2021/2022, and the educational effects detected through qualitative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The lumbar plexus is a network of nerves which comprises of the ventral primary rami of the first, second, third and fourth lumbar spinal nerves (L1 - L4).Awareness of the possibility of encountering multiple variations may prevent post-operative complications. This would also be useful information for Anatomists, Anaesthesiologists, Gynaecologists, Orthopedicians and Surgeons. Aim-: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and variation in the formation of obturator nerve and accessory obturator nerve. Material and method-: The study was carried out on a total of 60 lumbar plexuses taken from 30 cadavers in the department of anatomy index medical college (MP), and govt medical college, doda (J&K). For the purpose of providing a more transparent depiction of the observed variation, each item has been photographed with a digital camera. Result-: The normal origin of ON is from the root segments of the ventral divisions L2, L3, and L4 was found in 81.66% cadavers. ON was absent in 8 out of 60 plexuses (which is a percentage of 13.3%). There was no any exceptional branching pattern found in any of the plexuses. The accessory obturator nerve was found in 12 different lumbar plexuses and had a normal origin from the ventral division of the L2-L3 roots. Conclusion-: 81.66% of cadavers were having obturator nerve arising from ventral division of L2, L3, L4 and Only 12 of the 60 plexuses have the Accessory Obturator Nerve present. As it travels along the superior pubic ramus, it has the potential to undergo selective compression. Groin discomfort is a symptom that can have a variety of causes, one of which is the compression and consequent neuropathy of the accessory obturator nerve. This is because the accessory obturator nerve innervates the hip joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The act of writing has long been acknowledged as integral to eighteenth‐century medical practice, with medical practitioners relying on their ability to communicate via the written word for professional success. Partly as a result of their literary activities, the achievements of male physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries are frequently well‐documented, yet the same cannot be said of women engaging in medical work. This essay argues that eighteenth‐century women's medical practice extended into their creative writing, with numerous women writers utilising poetry as a central form of authoritative expression on matters of health. Verse offered opportunities to scrutinise, advise on, and influence medical knowledge and practice. Print and manuscript works by authors Jane Barker (1652‐1732), Martha Hodges (fl.1675‐1725), and Susanna Blamire (1747‐94), serve a variety of functions, including arguing for women's medical education, reimagining the workings of the body, and advocating holistic forms of practice that unite physical and emotional forms of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)