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The little-known stories of the people responsible for what we know today as modern medical ethics.In Making Modern Medical Ethics, Robert Baker tells the counter history of the birth of bioethics, bringing to the fore the stories of the dissenters and whistleblowers who challenged the establishment. Drawing on his earlier work on moral revolutions and the history of medical ethics, Robert Baker traces the history of modern medical ethics and its bioethical turn to the moral insurrections incited by the many unsung dissenters and whistleblowers: African American civil rights leaders, Jewish Americans harboring Holocaust memories, feminists, women, and Anglo-American physicians and healthcare professionals who were veterans of the World Wars, the Cold War, and the Vietnam War.The standard narrative for bioethics typically emphasizes the morally disruptive medical technologies of the latter part of the twentieth century, such as the dialysis machine, the electroencephalograph, and the ventilator, as they created the need to reconsider traditional notions of medical ethics. Baker, however, tells a fresh narrative, one that has historically been neglected (e.g., the story of the medical veterans who founded an international medical organization to rescue medicine and biomedical research from the scandal of Nazi medicine), and also reveals the penalties that moral change agents paid (e.g., the stubborn bureaucrat who was demoted for her insistence on requiring and enforcing research subjects'informed consent). Analyzing major statements of modern medical ethics from the 1946–1947 Nuremberg Doctors Trials and Nuremberg Code to A Patient's Bill of Rights, Making Modern Medical Ethics is a winning history of just how respect and autonomy for patients and research subjects came to be codified.

The work draws together a rich tapestry of material across many different disciplines, covering the crucial relationship between medicine and law from the early apothecaries to the modern-day general practitioner. It presents an invaluable overview of the subject and offers vital background reading to anyone interested in medico-legal medicine, as well as providing a springboard for students of medicine and law interested in researching the field through its remarkable diversity of reference resources.

Konflikte bei Schwangerschaft, Suizid und Sterbehilfe – die Medizinethik befasst sich mit existenziellen gesellschaftlichen Fragen. Nach 50 Jahren dynamischer Entwicklung ist das Fach heute an Kliniken und Forschungseinrichtungen breit vertreten. 1986 wurde die'Akademie für Ethik in der Medizin'in Erlangen als Verein eingetragen. Ihr Gründungspräsident war der Rechtsmediziner Hans-Bernhard Wuermeling, der als Vortragender und beratender Experte für Bundesärztekammer und Politik sehr engagiert war. Fälle wie das erste deutsche IvF-Kind (1982) oder das'Erlanger Baby'einer hirntoten Frau (1992) haben wichtige Debatten bewirkt. Die Akademie gründete die Zeitschrift'Ethik in der Medizin', das Fach wurde professionalisiert und institutionalisiert. Zahlreiche Publikationen fundierten das neue Gebiet mit langer wissenschaftlicher Tradition. In diesem Band rekonstruieren Expert:innen und Zeitzeug:innen zentrale Entwicklungen der Medizinethik und zeigen geschichtliche Linien des Fachs bis in die Gegenwart.

Unlike Nazi medical experiments, euthanasia during the Third Reich is barely studied or taught. Often, even asking whether euthanasia during the Third Reich is relevant to contemporary debates about physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and euthanasia is dismissed as inflammatory. Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: Before, During, and After the Holocaust explores the history of euthanasia before and during the Third Reich in depth and demonstrate how Nazi physicians incorporated mainstream Western philosophy, eugenics, population medicine, prevention, and other medical ideas into their ideology. This book reveals that euthanasia was neither forced upon physicians nor wantonly practiced by a few fanatics, but widely embraced by Western medicine before being sanctioned by the Nazis. Contributors then reflect on the significance of this history for contemporary debates about PAS and euthanasia. While they take different views regarding these practices, almost all agree that there are continuities between the beliefs that the Nazis used to justify euthanasia and the ideology that undergirds present-day PAS and euthanasia. This conclusion leads our scholars to argue that the history of Nazi medicine should make society wary about legalizing PAS or euthanasia and urge caution where it has been legalized.

From the Pulitzer Prize-winning, bestselling author of The Emperor of All Maladies – a magnificent history of the gene and a response to the defining question of the future: What becomes of being human when we learn to “read” and “write” our own genetic information? Siddhartha Mukherjee has a written a biography of the gene as deft, brilliant, and illuminating as his extraordinarily successful biography of cancer. Weaving science, social history, and personal narrative to tell us the story of one of the most important conceptual breakthroughs of modern times, Mukherjee animates the quest to understand human heredity and its surprising influence on our lives, personalities, identities, fates, and choices. Throughout the narrative, the story of Mukherjee's own family – with its tragic and bewildering history of mental illness – cuts like a bright, red line, reminding us of the many questions that hang over our ability to translate the science of genetics from the laboratory to the real world. In superb prose and with an instinct for the dramatic scene, he describes the centuries of research and experimentation – from Aristotle and Pythagoras to Mendel and Darwin, from Boveri and Morgan to Crick, Watson and Franklin, all the way through the revolutionary twenty-first century innovators who mapped the human genome. The Gene is a must-read for everyone concerned about the definition and future of humanity. This is the most crucial science of our time, intimately explained by a master.

Homo Patiens - Approaches to the Patient in the Ancient World is a book about the patients of the Graeco-Roman world, their role in the ancient medical encounters and their relationship to the health providers and medical practitioners of their time.This volume makes a strong claim for the relevance of a patient-centred approach to the history of ancient medicine. Attention to the experience of patients deepens our understanding of ancient societies and their medical markets, and enriches our knowledge of the history of ancient cultures. It is a first step towards shaping a history of the ancient patient's view, which will be of use not only to ancient historians, students of medical humanities, and historians of medicine, but also to any reader interested in medical ethics.

Hippokrates oder Lenin – in welchem Verhältnis standen Medizin und Moral in der DDR? Die Autoren dieses Bandes blicken hinter die Fassade einer Gesundheitspolitik, die bis heute häufig als Erfolgsgeschichte gilt. Tatsächlich stand die medizinische Versorgung in den 1980er Jahren vor dem Abgrund, war der Staat hilflos angesichts umfassender Mängel. Dazu kam der ethische Bankrott mancher Akteure – nicht wenige Ärzte und sogar Medizinethiker dienten der DDR als Spitzel. Anhand von Archivalien, u.a. aus dem Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, zeigen die hier versammelten Beiträge, wie weit Anspruch und Wirklichkeit auseinanderklafften: Sei es am Beispiel des (Fehl-)Verhaltens einzelner Schlüsselfiguren, durch den kritischen Blick auf die Praxis der Humanexperimente oder den Skandal der Hepatitis-Infektionen. Ein Anhang führt Schlüsseldokumente zur Biopolitik der DDR auf, von Schwangerschafts- und Transplantationsrecht bis hin zu Bestimmungen zur Forschung am Menschen. Der Band leistet damit einen wichtigen Beitrag sowohl zur Geschichte der Medizinethik als auch zur DDR-Historiographie.

During the English Restoration, London unlicensed health carers printed handbills as the easiest way to advertise their medical practices. In order to increase our awareness of irregular medical practitioners as a cultural phenomenon and examine their language, two collections of handbills have been transcribed. The study analyses the lexicon used to address readers, the traits of orality in written communication as well as the places where proprietary medicines were sold. Furthermore it looks closely at the visual impact of some handbills and the role of anti-quack satire at the end of the seventeenth century.

«La medicina odierna esige più che mai la compresenza di una religiosità interumana imprescindibile. Senza di essa, la medicina si dimezza: dimezzata, perde la propria identità istituzionale di téchne al servizio dell'uomo». Cattolico, ebraico, islamico, agnostico, ateo: il ‘buon medico'è tale indipendentemente – o, forse, addirittura a dispetto – della confessione o del credo che abbraccia, votato prima di tutto alla propria missione di cura. La professione medica, più di ogni altra sfera dell'agire umano, si richiama a quella coscienza morale, quel radicato senso di religiosità laica che nasce da un'etica della dignità e della tolleranza, fondamento indispensabile del rapporto profondo tra soggetto curante e soggetto curato. Nell'ampia panoramica di queste pagine, Giorgio Cosmacini racconta la progressiva desacralizzazione, nel corso del tempo, degli oggetti della medicina (la malattia, il corpo umano, il dolore) e la ricerca di una religiosità espressa dalla morale medica e dalle regole della deontologia.

Ethical issues are inherent in medicine. Morally appropriate forms of medical behaviour, the thorough communication of diagnosis and prognosis, and carefully evaluated treatment promising recovery have been among the standards of medical ethics down to the present day. The testimonies of a lively tradition, which since antiquity has contributed to the permanent critical reflection of medicine, constitute the cultural background of contemporary bioethics. They demonstrate how fertile the dialogue between medicine and philosophy on ethical questions can be. This also includes the critical examination of the objects, aims, methods and boundaries of the physicians profession and of medical research. These boundaries have had throughout history to be constantly renegotiated and defined, and not only in the 21st century. --- Eine Reflexion über die moralischen Fragen und Probleme, die die ärztliche Praxis begleiten, ist der Medizin immanent. Die sittlich angemessene ärztliche Haltung, die'gute'und hilfreiche Behandlung und das ärztliche Ethos stehen im Zentrum zahlreicher Schriften, die zwischen Humanismus und früher Neuzeit verfasst wurden. Es sind Zeugnisse einer lebhaften Tradition, die ununterbrochen seit der Antike zur Selbstvergewisserung der Medizin beigetragen hat. Zwischen Mittelalter und Humanismus sahen sich Mediziner den Herausforderungen des mannigfaltigen und lebhaften Heilkunde-Marktes ausgesetzt und dementsprechend verpflichtet, sich umso stärker zu behaupten. Die hier präsentierten Beiträge befassen sich mit der über sich selbst reflektierenden Medizin. Dazu gehören die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Gegenstand, Ziel, Methoden und Grenzen des ärztlichen Berufes und der medizinischen Forschung. Diese mussten – nicht anders als heute – immer wieder neu definiert und verhandelt werden.

Querschnittsfächer schnell und vollständig lernen? Mit der Reihe Im Querschnitt kein Problem! Prüfungsrelevante Inhalte kompakt dargestellt: Praxisnah: - mit klinischen Fällen - konkrete Bezüge zum ärztlichen Alltag in speziellen'Das geht Sie an'-Kästen Lernfreundlich: - das Relevante gut strukturiert auf den Punkt gebracht – leicht an einem Wochenende zu schaffen - viele Merkekästen mit den wichtigsten Informationen Im Querschnitt zeigt Ihnen, wie Sie Zusammenhänge fächerübergreifend verstehen – bekanntes Wissen verknüpft mit neuen Perspektiven. Mit Im Querschnitt geht nichts schief! Zur Prüfungsvorbereitung an allen Unis

This collection of essays looks at the dark medical research conducted during and after World War II. Contributors describe this research, how it was brought to light, and the rationalizations of those who perpetrated and benefited from it.

In this book Paul Carrick charts the ancient Greek and Roman foundations of Western medical ethics. Surveying 1500 years of pre-Christian medical moral history, Carrick applies insights from ancient medical ethics to developments in contemporary medicine such as advance directives, gene therapy, physician-assisted suicide, abortion, and surrogate motherhood. He discusses such timeless issues as the social status of the physician; attitudes toward dying and death; and the relationship of medicine to philosophy, religion, and popular morality. Opinions of a wide range of ancient thinkers are consulted, including physicians, poets, philosophers, and patients. He also explores the puzzling question of Hippocrates'identity, analyzing not only the Hippocratic Oath but also the Father of Medicine's lesser-known works.Complete with chapter discussion questions, illustrations, a map, and appendices of ethical codes, Medical Ethics in the Ancient World will be useful in courses on the medical humanities, ancient philosophy, bioethics, comparative cultures, and the history of medicine. Accessible to both professionals and to those with little background in medical philosophy or ancient science, Carrick's book demonstrates that in the ancient world, as in our own postmodern age, physicians, philosophers, and patients embraced a diverse array of perspectives on the most fundamental questions of life and death.

A physician says,'I have an ethical obligation never to cause the death of a patient,'another responds,'My ethical obligation is to relieve pain even if the patient dies.'The current argument over the role of physicians in assisting patients to die constantly refers to the ethical duties of the profession. References to the Hippocratic Oath are often heard. Many modern problems, from assisted suicide to accessible health care, raise questions about the traditional ethics of medicine and the medical profession. However, few know what the traditional ethics are and how they came into being. This book provides a brief tour of the complex story of medical ethics evolved over centuries in both Western and Eastern culture. It sets this story in the social and cultural contexts in which the work of healing was practiced and suggests that, behind the many different perceptions about the ethical duties of physicians, certain themes appear constantly, and may be relevant to modern debates. The book begins with the Hippocratic medicine of ancient Greece, moves through the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Enlightenment in Europe, and the long history of Indian 7nd Chinese medicine, ending as the problems raised modern medical science and technology challenge the settled ethics of the long tradition.

Ce livre veut amener le lecteur à une réflexion sur les problèmes actuels de la bioéthique et de la déontologie médicales et infirmières. Il replace d'abord l'histoire de la pensée éthique dans son contexte politique et social, avant de l'inscrire dans celui des découvertes scientifiques et techniques. Passant en revue les auteurs et les pratiques de l'Antiquité, du Moyen Âge, des temps modernes et de l'époque contemporaine, il montre comment a évolué la conception que l'on se fait de la médecine et des soins infirmiers. D'une médecine cherchant d'abord à apprivoiser la nature, et de soins infirmiers centrés sur la philanthropie et la charité, on est passé à une pratique médicale et infirmière beaucoup plus interventionniste. Parallèlement à cette évolution se sont développées des préoccupations éthiques nouvelles, touchant des questions de plus en plus complexes, comme la contraception, l'avortement, l'euthanasie, l'eugénisme, la dissection ou la confidentialité des thérapeutiques. Les personnels médical et infirmier ont connu un développement important de leurs responsabilités sociales et morales. Sans renier le serment d'Hippocrate et, plus tard, le serment de Florence Nightingale, ils en sont venus à une redéfinition de leurs tâches plus respectueuse de la personnalité du patient et plus soucieuse du rôle de l'acte médical et infirmier. Guy Durand est professeur émérite de la faculté de théologie de l'Université de Montréal. Andrée Duplantie, infirmière, est directrice principale du Secrétariat international des infirmières de l'espace fancophone (SIDIIEF). Danielle Laudy est professeur invité aux programmes de bioéthique de l'Université de Montréal. Yvon Laroche, docteur en théologie, est assistant de recherche de Guy Durand depuis dix ans.

Medical ethics has been a constant adjunct of Western medicine from its origins in Greek times. Although the Hippocratic Oath has been intensely studied, until recently there has been very little historical work on medical ethics between the Oath and Thomas Percival's Medical Ethics of 1803, which is commonly thought of as the first treatise on modern medical ethics. This volume brings together original research which throws new light on how standards of behaviour for medical practitioners were articulated in the different religious, political and social as well as medical contexts from the classical period until the nineteenth century. Its ten essays will place the early history of medical ethics into the framework of the new social and intellectual history of medicine that has been developed in the last ten years.