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Dispersed trisulcate pollen grains of Pretricolpipollenites bharadwajii from the ?latest Permian of Jordan were studied with light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The three sulci are located on the disal side. The median sulcus is usually longer, wider than the other two sulci, and has rounded aperture ends. The exine sculpturing and aperture membrane are scabrate. The ectexine includes a thick tectum, granular infratectum, and thin foot layer. The endexine is lamellate. A comparison with the closest similar genus Eucommiidites suggests overlapping characters; though the position of the three sulci on the distal side in Pretricolpipollenites bharadwajii and sulci on different sides in Eucommiidites indicates a possible distinguishing feature. Studies of exine ultrastructure of the other two Pretricolpipollenites species are needed to support or discard the distinction of Pretricolpipollenites and Eucommiidites.

Adult individuals of both sexes were sacrificed by decapitation and their tongues were teared out in order to be investigated. Cattle egret's tongue is distinguished into the apex, body, and root regions. A shallow median sulcus is apparently noticed on the dorsal surface of the tongue's body only. Histologically, the tongue mucosa is covered with a thick parakeratinized epithelium. The dorsal epithelia of the apex and body are densely packed with exfoliated superficial cells. However, the dorsal surface showed microridges observed on the surface epithelial cells. In the body region, the gland's outlets are integrated in glandular patches on the top of keratinized folds at both sides of the median sulcus. The ventral surface of the tongue is devoid of any glandular outlets. The egret's tongue is supported by a paraglossum cartilage wrapped up with a fibrous perichondrium and striated muscle fibers. It extends ventrally as paraglossale apex then flattened in the body giving the corpus paraglossale which bifurcates caudally in the root giving paraglossalis caudalis. The tongue exhibits certain features that are unique as an adaptation to food intake, the type of food, lifestyles and bird's habitat with no any sex-specific differences. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:595-603, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Kosmimodes howdenae Setliff, new genus and new species, is described for a brilliant metallic green broad-nosed weevil from the dry forests of Pedernales Province in the Dominican Republic. Kosmimodes is closely related to Apotomoderes Dejean and Melathra Franz in the tribe Geonemini and distinguished from these genera by the form of the constriction on the head behind the eyes, shape of the nasal plate and median sulcus on the rostrum, and the lack of a tooth on the profemora. Images of the habitus and male genitalia and a diagnosis accompany the description. The new species is named in honor of the late Anne Howden (1927–2016) in recognition of her considerable contribution to our knowledge of Neotropical Entiminae.

An interesting bivalve fossil obtained from the Claystone Member of the Chhasra Formation (Burdigalian), Kachchh District, India was found conspecific with Anadara gourae Dey (Arcidae, Anadarinae) from the Quilon Beds (Burdigalian), Kerala. However, this form is feebly inequivalve and has dissimilar ornamentation on the two valves, a trapezoidal form and its maximum height is at the posterior. Also, there is a small but distinct median sulcus on the exterior of the umbonal region. These characteristics do not agree with definition of the genus Anadara. Hence it is described here under a new genus, Indarca. Subgenus Cunearca Dall of genus Scapharca Gray (Arcidae, Anadarinae), also shows dissimilar ornamentation on the two valves, but differs from Indarca in having an inflated form, left valve slightly larger and absence of a sulcus on the umbonal region. Indarca resembles Bentharca Verrill and Bush (Arcidae, Anadarinae) in certain respects, but differs from it in not having a markedly reduced anterior. Occurrence of Indarca gourae strengthens the faunal affinity between the Chhasra Formation of Kachchh and the Quilon Beds of Kerala.

O mão-pelada é um mamífero da família Procyonidae com poucas descrições anatômicas detalhadas a seu respeito. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever, anatomicamente, a língua do mão-pelada, proporcionando base para futuros estudos clínico-cirúrgicos, além de contribuir com a anatomia comparada de carnívoros. Foram utilizadas as línguas de dois exemplares de mãos-pelada, fixados em formaldeído a 10%. A língua do mão-pelada possui, em média, 9,5cm de comprimento, é alongada e apresenta um sulco mediano pouco evidente. Possui lissa, quatro pares de papilas valadas na raiz lingual e um par no corpo, várias papilas fungiformes e cônicas no corpo e raiz e papilas filiformes pouco desenvolvidas e presentes principalmente no ápice. Outros três pares de papilas, sugestivas de serem papilas valadas, foram observadas na região lateral da base lingual. A língua do mão-pelada possui algumas características anatômicas similares às do cão, como a presença da lissa e a disposição das papilas, com exceção das folhadas, as quais não foram observadas.

The light and scanning electron microscopic structure of the filiform lingual papillae was studied in five adult porcupine (three males and two females). The tongue was characterised by a round tip, a rostral median sulcus and a deep lingual fossa which was situated just rostral to a prominent inter-molar eminence corresponding to a torus linguae. The filiform papillae were curved, enclosed a large connective tissue core and were separated by wide inter-papillary zones covered by a thick epithelium. Most filiform papillae had a cylindrical shape, but the rostral and central parts of the tongue contained a number of flat, comb-shaped papillae with rounded tips.

The ostracode genus Fossocytheridea Swain and Brown 1964 is emended herein. A summary of the diagnostic characters include: (1) a median sulcus, (2) a tripartite antimerodont hinge with distinct heart-shaped terminal elements, (3) distinct sexual dimor- phism; (4) a narrow inner margin that has 20-28 straight radial pore canals, and (5) variability in the external carapace (pore shape, pore density, and patterns of reticulation) that bears close resemblance to Cyprideis. Two new species are described from southwest Utah (U.S.A): Fossocytheridea mosbyense sp. nov. and Fossocytheridea kirklandi sp. nov. and 21 taxa previously assigned to Fabanella, Sarlatina, Ovocytheridea, Dolocytheridea, Antibythocypris, and Cytheridea are assigned to the emended genus. Fossocytheridea resem- bles Cyprideis with respect to both shell morphology and ecology since it occurs in association with euryhaline biota in coal-bearing strata. Expansion of marginal marine environments during the highest sea level of the Mesozoic saw Fossocytheridea successfully mi- grate and dominate restricted coastal environments. Since this expansion, the prominent characters of Fossocytheridea have been pre- served in descendent genera belonging to the tribe Cyprideidini Kollmann 1960 that are preserved to this day in Cyprideis.

Development and morphological changes of human gustatory papillae during postovulatory weeks 6-15 have been studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The first papilla of the tongue appears around postovulatory week 6 in its caudal midline near the foramen caecum. In contrast, the dorsal epithelium of the anterior part of the tongue shows only small hillock- or papilla-like elevations from week 6 on, which comprise an aggregation of 5-20 epithelial cells. From week 7 on, most prominent fungiform papillae develop near the median sulcus and at the margins of the anterior part of the tongue. At their tops, the first primitive taste pores are found around week 10; these are often covered with processes of adjacent epithelial cells. Most pores, however, develop around weeks 14-15. The maturation of taste buds does not coincide with the appearance of taste pores, since taste bud cells are not fully differentiated in the observed period of time. Fungiform papillae are developed before filiform papillae, which do not occur within the first 15 weeks of gestation. Fungiform papillae tend to grow between weeks 8 and 15 of gestation, whereas the size of vallate papillae seems to be constant during this period.

Summary The purpose of the present study was to examine in detail the distributive pattern, form and function of small conical papillae (SCP) and of filiform papillae (FIP) in the anterodorsal part of the adult rat fore-tongue in a microvascular cast specimen (MVCS), with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and to elucidate the close relationship between the morphological characteristics and the function of the tongue. From the results obtained in this study, SCP in the anterior part were subdivided into the three types: SCP type I, II and III according to the shape, size, distributive pattern and form taken from the two peripheral sides as for as the median sulcus (MS) in the central portion. The results we obtained suggested that the primary role of SCP types I and II at the apex may be mainly that of touch and attachment to the food and water, while SCP types II and III in the anterior part function efficiently by taking the food and water from both peripheral sides to the MS or central portion, and finally transporting it into the oral cavity and supporting the mastication system.

Miograpsus papaka n. gen., n. sp. is based on two female specimens from the Hurupi Formation of Putangirua Stream, Palliser Bay (Tongaporutuan Stage, Upper Miocene). Miograpsus, provisionally classed in the subfamily Varuninae, is distinguished from related genera by its narrow deflexed front with a median sulcus and median marginal notch, by two prominent postfrontal tubercles, apparently by six abdominal segments, by four anterolateral carapace teeth and by its weak, elongate, ridged and subequal chelae (at least in females).

The ultrastructural surface features of the normal fourth ventricular floor of seven human embryos ranging from Carnegie stage 14 to stage 19 (crown-rump length: 7.6-16.2 mm) were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Low-power SEM views showed the median sulcus, sulcus limitans, and neuromeres, transient structures characteristic of the earlier embryonic period. High-power SEM observation revealed supraependymal cells (SE cells) and supraependymal fibers (SE fibers) which exhibited a characteristic localization, as well as generalized surface-membrane modifications such as microvilli and cilia. SE cells could be classified into two major groups. The type 1 SE cells seem to possess neuronal functions, as deduced from morphological similarities to their counterparts in adults and the specialized distribution closely related to neuromeres. The type 2 SE cell morphologically resembled the phagocytic SE cell described in related literature. SE fibers ran a course either rostrocaudally in the median sulcus or mediolaterally on the neuromeres, most frequently near the interneuromeric cleft; they made contact with type 1 SE cells and ependymal surface modifications and then penetrated the ependymal layer.

Aha-comprising two species endemic to Australia-was previously known from male specimens only. The female A. evensi Menke, 1977 is described here for the first time. The single specimen available originated from very near to the type-locality of the species. The female has the general habitus of Lyroda. -The following autapomorphic traits characterize the genus: 1) Dimorphic claws in both sexes (the outer claw is much enlarged while the inner claw is atrophied); 2) labiomaxillary complex compressed; 3) loss of vol sellar sclerite; 4) loss of aedeagal teeth; 5) pronotal collar with a strong median sulcus; 6) Media of fore wing diverges from M + Cu proximally to cu-a. The possesion of the following characters includes Aha in the Larrini: 1) Second submarginal cell receives both recurrent veins; 2) propodeal synsclerite elongate; 3) posterior propodeal face transversely carinate; 4) lateral ocelli deformed.

Summary Two cases of congenital cervical cleft are described. The probability of the incomplete obliteration of the median sulcus of the mandibular arch is postulated.

Several small Spirifers of the Upper Palaeozoic rocks of this country have been referred to Ambocœlia Hall. This genus was proposed to include certain American Devonian and Carboniferous forms with a peculiar internal structure; the genotype, designated by Hall, is Orthis umbonata Conrad, a species from the Hamilton Group (Lower Devonian) of North America. In the paper in which he established the genus, Hall (1860, p. 71) suggested that Spirifer unguiculus Sowerby sp. (a British Devonian form) might also be included in the genus. The opinion generally held, for example by King (1850, p. 135) and Davidson (1858, vol. ii, pt. 4, p. 59), that Spirifer unguiculus is closely allied to, if not identical with, Spirifer urei Fleming and Martinia clannyana King, led observers to place these species also in the genus Ambocœlia . It naturally followed that, so far as the British species were concerned, the genus was described in terms of the external form of these species. In particular, emphasis was laid upon the presence of a dorsal valve considerably flatter than the ventral, and upon the development of a more or less narrowly defined median sulcus in the former. Such a procedure resulted in a neglect of the internal features that Hall so clearly distinguished. Further, the discovery of spines in Martinia clannyana , and later in Spirifer urei , led to a belief that a spinose surface is also characteristic of the genus. In no instance, so far as I am aware, has any reference been made to the

The species ol the genus Matus are as yet known only from America north of Mexico and may be separated from all other Dytiscidae of this area by the following combination of characters: Length 7 to 9.5 mm.; color brownish-red to piceous; scutellum visible; eyes emarginate above the bases of the antennae; metatarsal claws of unequal length; prosternum and its process on a plane, almost flat, and with a longitudinal median sulcus.

The location of visceromotor fibers in the spinal cord has not been definitely established as yet; some authors state that these fibers may accompany the crossed pyramidal tract, 14,19 others that they lie in the ventral column near the median sulcus, 2 while most believe that they are located in the anterolateral column. Of those who find evidence for the last-named point of view, Foerster 5 considers that in man the vasomotor fibers extend from the surface near the dentate insertion in a transverse plane reaching to and bordering the lateral aspect of the ventral horn. Chen and associates found experimental evidence for a superficial disposition of these and other visceromotor fibers in the anterolateral column but commented that they favored Foerster's diagrammatic representation as to their location, while Wang and Ranson stated that these fibers were located in the anterolateral columns without discussing their exact location in this area.

Male .—Narrow, elongate, shining, brunneus, head darker, pubescence short, recumbent, interspersed with longer scattered flying hairs. Head including eyes wider than prothorax; front vertical, with median sulcus, rugose; eyes large, coarsely granulate, emarginate; antennae slender, extending two joints beyond apices of elytra, scape stout, second joint somewhat longer than wide, third joint longer than scape, fourth joint shorter than third, fifth joint longer than fourth, sixth and seventh joints length of fifth, eighth, ninth and tenth joints equal, each slightly shorter than seventh, eleventh joint longest; palpi subequal, slender, last joint cylindrical.