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The creation of educational audio-visual materials has recently become popular. It is an innovative and entertaining practice, which can reach millions of people through social networks and YouTube. For this reason, this specific was designed for students enrolled in the following three modules: The Spanish political system, public administration in Spain, and institutions and decision-making structures in both the of joint degrees in law and political science and in public management and economic sciences, as well as degrees in public management and degrees in political science. Educational audio-visual materials were co-designed and co-created to define a Municipal Council, its workings and its organization. This was a three phased experiment. In the first, under the supervision of teachers, students developed five videos showing how Municipal Councils work. This allowed university students to become involved in a collaborative learning activity through which they acquired a series of important skills for future use, in addition to reinforcing their learning by participating in creation of digital teaching material, and also establishing a new teaching methodology consisting of learning-by-doing. In the second, professors and students attended CEIP Severo Ochoa Primary School in Madrid showing videos and playing two practical games, thus promoting knowledge transfer. In the third, the teachers evaluated the impact of this activity and the degree of satisfaction of university and primary school students. The result was positive, because not only was an educational innovation successfully implemented, but also a large part of objectives were achieved.

A number of university educators decided to implement an experience "pilot": the co-creation of a blog with students in which they disseminated some topics of the subject "Spanish political system", taken as part of a joint honors degree in law and political science from the Faculty of Political Sciences and Sociology of the Complutense University of Madrid. Four professors and 42 students participated in this experience. In the first phase, the students, under the supervision of the professors, collaboratively developed each of the assigned topics. To do so, the professors explained the dynamics, provided them with a series of resources, trained them in collaborative work techniques, supervised the whole process, and resolved all their doubts. In a second phase, they jointly evaluated one subject to see the possible deviations that had occurred with respect to the initial model, in order to be able to correct them in the rest. In addition, the professors conducted a student survey to measure teamwork and the impact of the blog, the results of which were shared with the participants and at specialized conferences. Thanks, this pilot program has shown that blogging is an important technological tool for the transformation and improvement of teaching and learning processes, and that it encourages the active role of students and promotes their collaborative learning, generating knowledge with and for students.

Processes for selecting party officials and election candidates are key aspects of the internal democracy of political parties. This is not only because they reveal who is appointed, but also because they provide insight into intra-party dynamics and the levels of internal democracy within the parties. The aim of this article is to offer a general overview of the internal selection models used by Spanish political parties with representation in the Congress of Deputies, in order to determine whether online procedures are as widespread as is often believed, and, whether they have any real impact on intra-party democracy. We look into whether political parties are making widespread use of digital tools to promote new selection processes, whether the establishment of online selection mechanisms impacts the internal democracy of political parties and what types of parties are primarily using these tools. For this purpose we have conducted a taxonomy of the selection processes in Spanish political parties represented in the Congress of Deputies, based on the development of a model of indicators drawing on some previous studies.

The prevalence of prenatal tobacco exposure remains high in many countries, particularly in southern Europe. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of smoking among pregnant women in a southern Spanish city (Seville) and to identify the associated sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. In a descriptive, cross-sectional study, a random sample of pregnant women who were scheduled to undergo a morphology scan at their public referral hospital in their 20th week of gestation were interviewed in person. At the start of pregnancy, 38.2% of the pregnant women were smokers. In the twentieth week, 19.1% continued to smoke, and the same percentage had quit. The prevalence of smoking in pregnant women was higher among those with a low level of education (60% among pregnant women with no studies and 30.4% in those with primary education) and among those who had had abortions (38.5%). Pregnant smokers with obesity were the least likely to have given up smoking during pregnancy. Women with a lower educational level should be a prime target for cross-sectoral interventions aimed at preventing prenatal tobacco exposure. Implementation of support measures for providing effective clinical advice in preconception and prenatal care regarding healthy lifestyles is particularly needed.

Spanish universities are attempting to offer a more flexible and higher- quality education that is adapted to new social demands. As a result, they are offering a series of technological resources in both university management, as well as, in teaching and research - developments which are encouraged by the educational convergence process, occurring within the European Higher Education Area. In this article, we analyze how a group of university teachers seeks to promote an experience of active collaboration and open education amongst their students through the creation of a Wikipedia site. The goal was to promote a different, more flexible teaching system, where both the teacher and the students break away from their classic roles. This experience was started in order to achieve the following results: 1) motivate learning, 2) encourage active-collaborative learning 3) create a dictionary of the terms related to political science that helps to explain key concepts to students and the public, and 3) improve the quality of education. Despite facing certain obstacles, the results were positive: the students became committed to this practice, learned to collaborate in groups, and solved problems by interacting with their classes; their interest in subjects was increased, and useful tools for other people were created. Moreover, the teachers introduced new pedagogical methods in their classes and made learning relate to their students in a different way. In short, the results show that the use of wiki is effective in improving university teaching.

The evaluation results of the Orthogeriatric Unit at Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria Hospital, Tenerife, Canary Islands, are set out in this paper. The fundamental aim has been the assessment of comprehensive rehabilitation and the improvement of quality of life, which would allow a faster discharge process for patients over 65 years of age. A transversal and longitudinal assessment has focused on its aims and its results, the reference criteria or quality standards and the contributions made by the working team. The longitudinal analysis shows that the days in hospital are considerably reduced, surgical interventions have increased and the waiting time between admittance and surgery is reduced, and the prescription of a rehabilitation process after surgery and discharges has increased. The transversal analysis reveals differences in length of rehabilitation between the Orthogeriatric Unit patients and the outpatient alternative, proving that a significant improvement and optimisation has been achieved.

En este artículo se analiza al arquitecto Horacio Acosta y Lara (Montevideo, 1875-1966) en tanto figura relevante de la profesión: primer presidente de la Sociedad de Arquitectos, primer decano de la Facultad de Arquitectura, primer presidente de los Congresos Panamericanos de Arquitectos y personalidad de proyección internacional. Pero el interés no consiste en resumir su biografía sino en examinar su función al interior de la organización profesional. Se sostiene aquí que su figura se construyó, por parte de sus colegas y de él mismo, como la de un héroe profesional. El objetivo del artículo es brindar pautas para comprender el reconocimiento obtenido por Acosta y Lara y, más importante aún, para entender cómo construyó ese reconocimiento y qué vínculos tenía con aquello que la profesión deseaba. Se sostiene entonces que, más allá de sus méritos personales, la acumulación de capital simbólico estuvo ligada a las necesidades y la autopercepción de la profesión arquitectónica, que veía en su figura la encarnación de sus propios ideales, aun si la actuación de Acosta y Lara no estuvo exenta de contradicciones. El método que se ha elegido para este estudio parte de la revisión cualitativa de una serie de fuentes escritas seleccionadas. En particular, se hará énfasis en el número doble de la revista Arquitectura, publicación de la Sociedad de Arquitectos, de julio-agosto de 1929, que homenajea la figura de Acosta y Lara. Este documento, no solamente nos permite adentrarnos en su trayectoria, sino que evidencia las características del personaje que se exaltan (y aquellas que no), lo que nos permite vislumbrar los rasgos más nítidos del “ideal profesional” buscado por los arquitectos.

Este estudo foca-se no papel crucial dos avós na estrutura familiar contemporânea da Espanha, em particular nas Ilhas Canárias, e o seu impacto na educação e desenvolvimento dos netos. Através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, que inclui a análise de 16 artigos relevantes, as contribuições multifacetadas dos avós, desde os cuidados até à educação, são exploradas, destacando o impacto positivo das interações intergeracionais no desenvolvimento de valores e habilidades nas crianças. Além disso, a importância de projetos intergeracionais que envolvem avós e netos em atividades educacionais e comunitárias é enfatizada para enriquecer as experiências educacionais e fortalecer os laços familiares. Enquadrado nos estudos da Cátedra Universitária Ciclos de Vida e Pessoas Idosas da Universidade de La Laguna, este trabalho sublinha a necessidade de reconhecer e apoiar o papel dos avós na educação das futuras gerações, face à falta de pesquisas anteriores no contexto espanhol e à constante evolução das dinâmicas familiares.

Advancement of AI has opened new possibility for accurate diagnosis and prognosis using digital histopathology slides which not only saves hours of expert effort but also makes the estimation more standardized and accurate. However, preserving the AI model performance on the external sites is an extremely challenging problem in the histopathology domain which is primarily due to the difference in data acquisition and/or sampling bias. Although, AI models can also learn spurious correlation, they provide unequal performance across validation population. While it is crucial to detect and remove the bias from the AI model before the clinical application, the cause of the bias is often unknown. We proposed a Causal Survival model that can reduce the effect of unknown bias by leveraging the causal reasoning framework. We use the model to predict recurrence-free survival for the colorectal cancer patients using quantitative histopathology features from seven geographically distributed sites and achieve equalized performance compared to the baseline traditional Cox Proportional Hazards and DeepSurvival model. Through ablation study, we demonstrated benefit of novel addition of latent probability adjustment and auxiliary losses. Although detection of cause of unknown bias is unsolved, we proposed a causal debiasing solution to reduce the bias and improve the AI model generalizibility on the histopathology domain across sites. Open-source codebase for the model training can be accessed from https://github.com/ramon349/fair_survival.git.

Objective/context: The paper examines the contribution of think tanks (TTs) to debating ideas and their relationship with the environment. Specifically, it analyzes the variations introduced by the electoral campaign in the political positions of TTs and the role of ideology and party affiliation as possible determinants. Methodology: The content of the web pages of ten TTs is monitored before and during the electoral campaign for the 2021 presidential elections in Chile, where numerous TTs have become protagonists. For each TT, attention to socio-political issues is analyzed, and the trend of their positions is recorded. Conclusions: The analysis shows that TTs adapt their communicative agenda to the electoral campaign and that their ideology is a principal variable in this strategy. Originality: Evidence is provided on the entry of TTs in electoral campaigns with differences between conservatives and progressives.

El estudio de la transparencia activa desde un enfoque inclusivo es una novedosa línea de investigación poco desarrollada hasta el momento en el ámbito académico. Por ello, el artículo realiza una aproximación a los portales de transparencia de los Ayuntamientos españoles que son un referente en materia de publicidad activa para cumplir dos objetivos: conocer si favorecen (o no) el acceso de las personas con discapacidad al entorno digital; y detectar los factores exógenos que influyen en el desarrollo de la e-accesibilidad. Para medir el nivel básico de accesibilidad (nivel A), el marco analítico se compone de cuatro criterios (perceptibilidad, operabilidad, compresibilidad, robustez/fiabilidad) y dieciséis indicadores. Para identificar los condicionantes de la transparencia activa accesible, se realiza un análisis bivariado, aplicando técnicas estadísticas de carácter descriptivo e inferencial con pruebas no paramétricas. Grosso modo, los resultados del estudio permiten verificar dos cuestiones. Primera, la gestión de la transparencia activa desde una óptica de diseño inclusivo todavía es una asignatura pendiente en los gobiernos locales españoles, debido a que no se garantiza la igualdad de oportunidades de las personas con discapacidad en el acceso al entorno digital, incumpliéndose, así, los requerimientos de la legislación tanto de transparencia como de accesibilidad de sitios web. Segunda, que los factores estructurales, sociodemográficos y económicos determinan, en mayor o menor medida, el nivel de accesibilidad de los portales municipales de transparencia analizados.

En este artículo se analiza al arquitecto Horacio Acosta y Lara (Montevideo, 1875-1966) en tanto figura relevante de la profesión: primer presidente de la Sociedad de Arquitectos, primer decano de la Facultad de Arquitectura, primer presidente de los Congresos Panamericanos de Arquitectos y personalidad de proyección internacional. Pero el interés no consiste en resumir su biografía sino en examinar su función al interior de la organización profesional. Se sostiene aquí que su figura se construyó, por parte de sus colegas y de él mismo, como la de un héroe profesional. El objetivo del artículo es brindar pautas para comprender el reconocimiento obtenido por Acosta y Lara y, más importante aún, para entender cómo construyó ese reconocimiento y qué vínculos tenía con aquello que la profesión deseaba. Se sostiene entonces que, más allá de sus méritos personales, la acumulación de capital simbólico estuvo ligada a las necesidades y la autopercepción de la profesión arquitectónica, que veía en su figura la encarnación de sus propios ideales, aún si la actuación de Acosta y Lara no estuvo exenta de contradicciones. El método que se ha elegido para este estudio parte de la revisión cualitativa de una serie de fuentes escritas seleccionadas. En particular, se hará énfasis en el número doble de la revista Arquitectura, publicación de la Sociedad de Arquitectos, de julio-agosto de 1929, que homenajea la figura de Acosta y Lara. Este documento, no solamente nos permite adentrarnos en su trayectoria, sino que evidencia las características del personaje que se exaltan (y aquellas que no), lo que nos permite vislumbrar los rasgos más nítidos del “ideal profesional” buscado por los arquitectos.

This paper explores the scope for upscaling and transnational transfer of participatory landslide risk management strategies for informal settlements in Latin America. Drawing on lessons from transdisciplinary action-research in three neighbourhoods in Medellín, Colombia, and one in São Paulo, Brazil, the paper discusses how bottom-up approaches were developed to co-produce landslide risk management in both Global South cities, in a way that optimises the collaboration between communities and relevant governmental bodies. The analysis focuses on mitigation and ‘agreement-seeking’, from the perspectives of scale, power and knowledge, which help understand the parallels between co-production of landslide risk management and co-production of urban services. Two key conclusions are that landslide risk management should be built into neighbourhood upgrading and management, and that both community and the state have stronger roles to play in landslide risk management from their respective capacities. The paper also reflects on the role of academia in enabling co-production of landslide risk management through engaging with local communities.

In unsaturated soil mechanics, the soil–water retention curve (SWRC) continues to play an important role, since it provides the necessary links between the properties and behaviour of unsaturated soils with a variety of engineering challenges. The temperature has been identified as the main factor influencing SWRC as compared to a variety of other parameters. The goal of this research is to describe theoretical and experimental aspects of the temperature effect on unsaturated soil water retention phenomena. Theoretically, a brief review of the constitutive laws governing the thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) behaviour of unsaturated soils is presented, along with links between variations in suction with water content, temperature, and void ratio. It also provides a broad framework that would to be well adapted to describing many specific circumstances. Through a closed-form predictive relationship that is developed in this framework, the effect of temperature is examined. By using this relationship, the soil–water retention curve at arbitrary temperature could be determined from one at a reference temperature, therefore significantly decreasing the number of tests necessary to describe the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of a soil. Besides, the SWRC of kaolinite clay was also measured at three different temperatures in an experimental program. The test findings reveal that when the temperature rises, the SWRC decreases significantly. The experimental results were then integrated with sixteen other available data sets covering a wide range of soil types, densities, and suction to create a complete verification program for analytical models. The proposed model has a good performance and reliability in forecasting the fluctuation of non-isothermal SWRC than any existing model, according to statistical assessment results. The analytical model can be used to examine the thermo-hydro-mechanical characteristics of unsaturated soils in numerical simulations.

(1) Background: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a major concern, particularly in Europe and North America. Its prevalence has so far been under-researched. In most studies, the determination of this consumption may be underestimated, as it is based on the information obtained from questionnaires rather than from biomarkers, which will provide a much more reliable approach. The main objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of consumption during pregnancy as assessed by a questionnaire and a hair biomarker. (2) Method: A cross-sectional study with a random sample of 425 pregnant women treated in public hospital consultations in Seville (Spain) and in the 20th week of their pregnancy, orally interviewed using an elaborated ad hoc questionnaire that evaluated variables of sociodemographic, obstetric, and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the ethyl glucuronide metabolite (EtG) was tested on a hair sample in 252 pregnant women who agreed to facilitate it. Once the data obtained through the questionnaire and hair test were analyzed, the level of metabolites and self-reported alcohol consumption were compared. (3) Results: The prevalence of self-reported alcohol consumption (questionnaire) was 20.7%, and the real consumption (metabolite analysis) was 20.2%. In 16.8% of pregnant women who declared not consuming alcohol during their pregnancy, noticeable consumption was detected according to the metabolite test. No relevant level of variability in estimated alcohol consumption was detected in the biomarker with respect to the sociodemographic and obstetric variables studied. (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy obtained through both questionnaires and metabolite analyses was similar and high. There is no association between consumption and sociodemographic factors in this sample. The determination of consumption through biomarkers allows for a more accurate approximation of the prevalence of consumption than estimated through questionnaires. Larger sample-sized studies are needed to determine consumption patterns and thus guide the adoption of more precise policies fostering abstinence from alcohol consumption since the preconception period.

En este artículo se revisa la historia de las villas obreras en Uruguay, una de las modalidades más relevantes de respuesta al problema de la vivienda obrera antes de la intervención directa del Estado. Se entiende por villa obrera al conjunto urbanístico de viviendas y servicios creados por las empresas capitalistas para el usufructo de sus propios trabajadores. Se tomarán los casos de las villas de la Liebig Extract of Meat Company, Aguas Corrientes, Conchillas, Peñarol, los frigoríficos en el Cerro de Montevideo y Salvo y Campomar. Aunque existieron otros casos, estos presentan una diversidad adecuada para los fines de este trabajo. A partir de las características en común y las diferencias de los casos seleccionados, algunos de los cuales ya han sido tratados por la historiografía mientras otros no habían sido aún abordados, el artículo se propone reflexionar sobre tres dimensiones de las villas obreras. En primer lugar, se revisa su condición de “microcosmos”, es decir, de lugares con una relativa autonomía urbana y social. En segundo lugar, y en directa relación con lo anterior, se discute la pertinencia de la categoría de “comunidad ideal” para estos emprendimientos. Por último, se analiza la realización y expresión de las jerarquías al interior de cada una de ellas.

Entre as diferentes mudanças que têm tido lugar no sistema de partidos espanhol, o presente artigo se foca no fim da hegemonia de um único partido no âmbito da direita. É necessária uma análise cuidadosa da distribuição do eleitorado de direita em torno de um partido histórico (PP) e dos dois novos partidos (Ciudadanos e Vox) sendo este último de direita radical. Mediante diversas fontes de evidência empírica que incluem dados de opinião pública, de especialistas e programas eleitorais, aborda-se a orientação, perfil ideológico e posicionamentos em matéria territorial dos três partidos de direita que tem presença em toda a Espanha. O trabalho revela a existência de espaços de proximidade entre os três partidos que se contrapõem às orientações de partidos de outros blocos. Ao mesmo tempo, a análise evidencia as nuances nas posições entre o PP, Vox e Ciudadanos que nos permitem falar da existência de competição no interior do bloco de direita pela conquista de espaços e de eleitores.

Fundamento: resulta necesario emprender una labor científico-metodológica que garantice la preparación de los docentes para la correcta aplicación del examen oral como parte del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. Objetivo: diseñar una estrategia metodológica para preparar a los profesores de la asignatura Primera Asistencia Médica de la disciplina Preparación para la Defensa en la correcta aplicación de la evaluación oral. Métodos: se realizó una investigación con enfoque mixto en el campo de la educación médica superior que comprendió la etapa de febrero a junio de 2017 para el estudio y desarrollo de un trabajo científico-metodológico. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empíricos y matemáticos. La validación de la estrategia se realizó por criterio de especialistas. Resultados: se identificaron los principales problemas para la aplicación del examen oral entre los que sobresalieron: predominio de preguntas de reproducción del contenido, pocas habilidades para la evaluación oral, y escasez de bibliografías y tiempo para el estudio independiente, por lo que se diseñó una estrategia metodológica para la preparación de los profesores en la elaboración del instrumento de evaluación oral. Conclusiones: fue valorada por criterios de especialistas como adecuada, considerando sus métodos y procedimientos para el logro de los objetivos de la mencionada asignatura.

The Sudan virus disease outbreak in 2022 prompted the Denver Health High-Risk Infection Team (HITeam) to evaluate and implement novel strategies to respond to viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) events. To improve the VHF response, HITeam members developed a virtual assessment model (VAM) for at-home evaluation of individuals who are suspected of having a VHF. The VAM incorporates aspects of care that would normally be rendered in a high-level isolation unit—including assessment and monitoring, specimen collection, provider consultation, patient and family teaching, and pharmaceutical intervention—into a mobile framework in which team members respond to a suspected case at the individual's home. Building this capability allows for more thorough assessment of a suspect case in the field, as well as the postponement of a decision about activation of the high-level isolation unit until more information is available. Development, testing, and implementation of the VAM required input from an interdisciplinary group of partners that demonstrated the ability of nurses, physicians, laboratorians, paramedics, emergency medical technicians, and public health personnel to integrate into 1 cohesive care team. The resulting model recenters VHF care on the patient by allowing the care team to gather critical information in an environment that is more comfortable for the suspect case while keeping communities safe and lowering exposure risks. The VAM has long-term sustainability implications for global VHF programs and provides solutions for broader challenges in healthcare by modeling cost-effective, patient-centered care within the highly nuanced subspecialty of special pathogen care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background 2D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is utilized qualitatively to assess blood velocity changes that occur during arterial interventions. Quantitative angiographic metrics, such as blood velocity, could be used to standardize endpoints during angiographic interventions. Purpose To assess the accuracy and precision of a quantitative 2D DSA (qDSA) technique and to determine its feasibility for in vivo measurements of blood velocity. Materials and methods A quantitative DSA technique was developed to calculate intra-procedural blood velocity. In vitro validation was performed by comparing velocities from the qDSA method and an ultrasonic flow probe in a bifurcation phantom. Parameters of interest included baseline flow rate, contrast injection rate, projection angle, and magnification. In vivo qDSA analysis was completed in five different branches of the abdominal aorta in two 50 kg swine and compared to 4D Flow MRI. Linear regression, Bland-Altman, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and chi squared tests were used to assess the accuracy and precision of the technique. Results In vitro validation showed strong correlation between qDSA and flow probe velocities over a range of contrast injection and baseline flow rates (slope = 1.012, 95% CI [0.989,1.035], Pearson’s r = 0.996, p

En este artículo se pretende averiguar qué prácticas han llevado a cabo los partidos de la Comunidad de Madrid para integrar a las mujeres en el parlamento autonómico entre 1983-2019, y así confirmar si la incorporación de éstas corresponde o no con una política de “cuotas” o la ley de igualdad. De esta manera, se podrá determinar hasta qué punto la integración femenina es real, cuál ha sido el efecto que han tenido las cuotas o la ley de igualdad en este sentido, o si han sido los partidos políticos los que realmente han impulsado la participación en política de las mujeres.

Resumen: Proyectado en varias etapas, el edificio de la Facultad de Odontología se inauguró en 1940, cumpliendo uno de los anhelos de la comunidad de odontólogos en Uruguay. La construcción realizada transparentaba su lógica funcional y estructural, utilizaba elementos industrializados y apostaba por la abstracción en sus acabados. Además, carecía prácticamente de elementos clásicos, con lo cual denotaba una vez más su pretensión de objetividad. Esta, con su ineludible carga estética, hacía referencia al mundo de las máquinas, la revolución científica y la precisión, mundo al cual la odontología como disciplina no era ajena. No obstante, los diferentes proyectos del edificio demuestran que su proyectista no siempre sostuvo estas ideas y también jugó con proyectos más expresivos, con alusiones a otras tradiciones arquitectónicas.

Spanish universities are attempting to offer a more flexible and higher- quality education that is adapted to new social demands. As a result, they are offering a series of technological resources in both university management, as well as, in teaching and research - developments which are encouraged by the educational convergence process, occurring within the European Higher Education Area. In this article, we analyze how a group of university teachers seeks to promote an experience of active collaboration and open education amongst their students through the creation of a Wikipedia site. The goal was to promote a different, more flexible teaching system, where both the teacher and the students break away from their classic roles. This experience was started in order to achieve the following results: 1) motivate learning, 2) encourage active-collaborative learning 3) create a dictionary of the terms related to political science that helps to explain key concepts to students and the public, and 3) improve the quality of education. Despite facing certain obstacles, the results were positive: the students became committed to this practice, learned to collaborate in groups, and solved problems by interacting with their classes; their interest in subjects was increased, and useful tools for other people were created. Moreover, the teachers introduced new pedagogical methods in their classes and made learning relate to their students in a different way. In short, the results show that the use of wiki is effective in improving university teaching.

BackgroundThe digital divide refers to technological disparities based on demographic characteristics (eg, race and ethnicity). Lack of physical access to the internet inhibits online health information seeking (OHIS) and exacerbates health disparities. Research on the digital divide examines where and how people access the internet, whereas research on OHIS investigates how intersectional identities influence OHIS. We combine these perspectives to explicate how unique context–device access pairings operate differently across intersectional identities—particularly racial and ethnic groups—in the domain of OHIS. ObjectiveThis study aims to examine how different types of internet access relate to OHIS for different racial and ethnic groups. We investigate relationships among predisposing characteristics (ie, age, sex, education, and income), internet access (home computer, public computer, work computer, and mobile), health needs, and OHIS. MethodsAnalysis was conducted using data from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey. Our theoretical model of OHIS explicates the roles of internet access and health needs for racial and ethnic minority groups’ OHIS. Participant responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Three separate group structural equation modeling models were specified based on Black, Latine, and White self-categorizations. ResultsOverall, predisposing characteristics (ie, age, sex, education, and income) were associated with internet access, health needs, and OHIS; internet access was associated with OHIS; and health needs were associated with OHIS. Home computer and mobile access were most consistently associated with OHIS. Several notable linkages between predisposing characteristics and internet access differed for Black and Latine individuals. Older racial and ethnic minorities tended to access the internet on home and public computers less frequently; home computer access was a stronger predictor of OHIS for White individuals, and mobile access was a stronger predictor of OHIS for non-White individuals. ConclusionsOur findings necessitate a deeper unpacking of how physical internet access, the foundational and multifaceted level of the digital divide, affects specific racial and ethnic groups and their OHIS. We not only find support for prior work on the digital divide but also surface new insights, including distinct impacts of context–device access pairings for OHIS and several relationships that differ between racial and ethnic groups. As such, we propose interventions with an intersectional approach to access to ameliorate the impact of the digital divide.

En las primeras décadas de independencia del país, no existía la arquitectura como profesión moderna y sus saberes estaban dispersos en diversas ocupaciones y tradiciones. Se sostiene aquí que el proceso de profesionalización en clave nacional estuvo íntimamente asociado al control territorial centralizado por parte del Estado que se consolidó tras la última gran guerra civil, en 1904. Asimismo, se conceptualiza tanto a la profesión arquitectónica como al Estado como un proceso de construcción continuo que tiene como finalidad el gobierno (gubernamentalidad en la concepción de Foucault). En ese sentido, la arquitectura ofreció al Estado una serie de herramientas disciplinares que conformaron el sentido de su jurisdicción profesional y la distinguieron de otros saberes y ocupaciones. La realización de los hospitales públicos en el interior de la república en las primeras décadas del siglo XX muestra todos estos procesos y aún más: evidencia que el sistema de profesiones no solamente estaba regulado por la lucha jurisdiccional, sino que también poseía un importante grado de complementariedad. En efecto, medicina y arquitectura, fueron parte de una alianza que se construyó como parte del mismo proceso de gubernamentalidad llevado a cabo por la Asistencia Pública Nacional a partir de 1910.

Se hace un breve recorrido sobre las aplicaciones de la matemática en las confrontaciones entre grupos en desacuerdo y sobre algunos conceptos vinculados entre grupos con objetivos y motivaciones de supervivencia diferentes y se brinda un instrumento predictivo teórico aplicado a un problema concreto.

Introduction: One of the most recurrent sequels in the neurological branch is the facial paralysis which not only affects the motor area, but also the psychological one, as the face is the person's representative image. Objective: To evaluate the influence of digitopuncture as therapeutic alternative in patients with facial paralysis, by using the photographic technique for measuring angles according to the proposed evaluation indicators. Methods: A panel experimental and longitudinal study was made, with a pretest and a posttest, in the Physiotherapy Service of Dr. Carlos Juan Finlay Hospital Central Military Clinical-surgical, in Marianao municipality, Havana, from May to July, 2016, for which two groups were formed: a control group, in which conventional treatment was applied (massage, exercises of the pantomime and physical agents), and an experiment group which received digitopuncture besides massage. Results: In the evaluation of both groups, it was obtained that in the control group the best results were in the central axis of the mouth, followed by the muscle contraction, while the whole experimental group showed remarkable changes in all the indicators, with prevalence of the muscle contraction. When comparing the results of both groups in the pretest and posttest, the incidence and effectiveness of the digitopuncture was evidenced in the experimental group. Conclusions: Digitopuncture, as part of the rehabilitation in patients affected due to facial paralysis, influenced in a better recovery and decreased the time of treatment considerably, which had a higher incidence in the female group.

The in vitro propagation of Colocasia esculenta is limited by the presence of microbial contaminants, especially bacteria. The objective of this work was to demonstrate that the inclusion of actions for the bacterial contamination management in the in vitro propagation of C. esculenta cv. ‘INIVIT MC-2012’, from field explants, can reduce losses. Two in vitro propagation protocols were used and the incidence of bacterial contaminants in the establishment and multiplication stages was compared. One protocol modified the other with actions for the management of bacterial contamination. In each one, 20 primary rhizomes were taken from which at least two axillary buds were extracted and from each one a line was established. The number of explants contaminated with bacteria per subculture was quantified. Bacterial contamination was observed in the culture medium below or around the explants, indicating the initial explant as the primary source of contamination. With the application of the modified protocol, the percentage of losses due to bacterial contamination in all subcultures evaluated was reduced. In the in vitro establishment it did not exceed 5%. The combination of actions for the management of bacterial contamination among which are the reduction of the size of the explant, the work by lines and the visual detection of contaminants prior to the subculture of the plant material reduces the presence of bacterial contaminants in the in vitro propagation of C. esculenta cv. ‘INIVIT MC-2012’.

In vitro conservation of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam allows the exchange of germplasm and its availability for breeding programs. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of mannitol and abscisic acid in the conservation through minimum growth of I. batatas cultivars from INIVIT Germplasm Bank. Treatments included abscisic acid (ABA) (5 and 10 mg l-1) and mannitol (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) in a basal MS culture medium, the combination of ABA (10 mg l-1) and mannitol (1.0 , 1.5 and 2.0%). As controls were used the MS basal culture medium and MS with sorbitol (1.0%) and glucose (1.0%). In the cultivars 'Cautillo' and 'INIVIT BS 16-2006' the best results of survival, growth decrease and green but small leaves were obtained in the treatments that contained the basal culture medium with mannitol (10, 15 and 20%) . Growth of the explants was not achieved in culture media with abscisic acid. The MS culture medium with 2 mg l-1 of thiamine, 100 mg l-1 of myo-inositol and 1.0% of mannitol, allows the in vitro conservation of sweet potato cultivars between six and eight months.

This paper deals with the LPV control of a three-axis gimbal including fault-tolerant capabilities. First, the derivation of an analytical model for the considered system based on the robotics Serial-Link (SL) theory is derived. Then, a series of simplifications that allow obtaining a quasi-LPV model for the considered gimbal is proposed. Gain scheduling LPV controllers with PID structure are designed using pole placement by means of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, exploiting the sensor redundancy available in the gimbal, a virtual-sensor-based fault tolerant control (FTC) strategy is proposed. This virtual sensor uses a Recursive Least Square (RLS) estimation algorithm and an LPV observer for fault detection and estimation. Finally, the proposed LPV control scheme including the virtual sensor strategy is tested in simulation in several scenarios.

Las ciencias de la complejidad aportan un valioso método de análisis: “la Percolación”. A pesar de ser un vocablo y un método poco familiar, resulta uno de los fenómenos más comunes de la naturaleza. Es un concepto que está asociado a los fl ujos que pasan de un sistema a otro entre las redes que conforman estos sistemas, y la probabilidad del paso del fluido a través de la red, el cual se manifi esta de forma no uniforme es propio de los sistemas anisótropos.

El artículo propone adentrarnos, a través de un caso particular, en la problemática de la representación del Estado a través de la arquitectura a comienzos del siglo XX, cuando las bases del Uruguay moderno aún se encontraban en construcción. Mediante la revisión de un antecedente inmediato, una exposición del Ministerio de Obras Públicas en 1914 publicada en la Revista de la Asociación Politécnica del Uruguay, se reflexiona sobre el envío uruguayo a la Panama-Pacific International Exposition de 1915, celebrada en la ciudad de San Francisco, en Estados Unidos. Los edificios, representados a través de fotografías y gráficos, no solamente mostraban a un deseado Uruguay moderno -altamente alfabetizado, equipado y progresista- sino también una concepción de la arquitectura y de la construcción de su capital, Montevideo, deudora del concepto de «monumentalidad». Bajo esta concepción, creadora de «templos laicos», las instituciones arquitectónicas y la alta política encontraron un fondo común para operar.

The repression of human sexuality began anew in the twentieth century with a strengthening of patriarchal conceptions that pathologised sexual preferences, such as homosexuality, lesbianism and bisexuality, and medicalised transsexuality. Our educational approaches based on action research have reduced violence and empowered teenagers – girls and boys – and groups of teachers in different countries of the European Union. The diversification of assessment tools has resulted in an improved evaluation of processes and results. As a result, a high percentage of violence has been eliminated, accompanied by a scaling up of prevention and greater respect for sexual diversity. Critical-emancipatory action research is a viable alternative, as is the empowerment of men, not only of women.

This study intends to show the external perception that Primary Education students have of their schoolmates with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the perception of the student who has being diagnosed with ADHD himself/herself in order to analyse the differences between both perceptions. For that purpose, a questionnaire was e elaborated ad hoc, and the main results shown point to the fact that the external perception of the Primary Education student is more positive than the perception of the diagnosed student. Moreveover, the perception of the schoolmates of students diagnosed with ADHD tends to worsen in superior courses.This discovery invites us to reflect on and understand the more frequent attitudes and behaviours that develop in interaction situations as well as investigate those conducts related to social prejudice associated to their clinical characteristics and prevalent syntoms (attention déficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity), which develop an increase of the negative perception towards the student with ADHD.

Proyectado en varias etapas, el edificio de la Facultad de Odontología se inauguró en 1940, cumpliendo uno de los anhelos de la comunidad de odontólogos en Uruguay. La construcción realizada transparentaba su lógica funcional y estructural, utilizaba elementos industrializados y apostaba por la abstracción en sus acabados. Además, carecía prácticamente de elementos clásicos, con lo cual denotaba una vez más su pretensión de objetividad. Esta, con su ineludible carga estética, hacía referencia al mundo de las máquinas, la revolución científica y la precisión, mundo al cual la odontología como disciplina no era ajena. No obstante, los diferentes proyectos del edificio demuestran que su proyectista no siempre sostuvo estas ideas y también jugó con proyectos más expresivos, con alusiones a otras tradiciones arquitectónicas.