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Urban green cover provides ecosystem services for human well-being and better conditions for biological conservation. Structural analysis and monitoring across space and time at landscape scale can aid better design and management of urban green cover. In this study, we used Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and semiautomatic reclassification methods (i.e., supervised classification) in Google Earth Engine (GEE), to analyze changes in built and urban green cover of Medellín and adjacent municipalities (Colombia) between 2016 and 17 and 2022-23. We used total area, patch number, mean patch area, and patch cohesion index as proxies of landscape structural changes, differentiating grass from trees. Built cover increased its total area from 77.1 to 80.5%, whereas grass and trees decreased it from 6.4 to 5.8%, and 16.6–13.8%, respectively. Built cover decreased in patch number by 1.4% and increased in mean patch area from 7.08 to 7.72 ha, whereas trees decreased in patch number by 7.8% and grass increased by 9.2%. Both green cover categories decreased in mean patch area (trees: 0.27 to 0.23 ha; grass: 0.24 to 0.15 ha). Otherwise, the patch cohesion index decreased in grass and trees, while in built cover it remained constant over time. Urban green cover in Medellín urban area and adjacent municipalities is increasingly reduced and isolated, whereas urbanization sprawls and densifies, suggesting that local development policies need improvement to prevent urban green cover degradation. Highlights: Medellin´s landscape is turning into consolidation and densification of built cover. Changes in grass cover implied the conversion of open fields into built-up areas. Smaller tree patches experienced the most significant changes. Urban planning in Medellín needs improvement to prevent further loss and segmentation/isolation of green cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: After the paramilitary demobilization in Colombia, Cali and Medellín—major cities with a long history of political and criminal violence—saw a decline in violence despite the continuing operation of criminal groups. Yet, while Cali remained more violent than the national average, with criminal groups displaying less ability to regulate local affairs and security, Medellín became less violent than the national average and criminal groups engaged in more intensive governance. Methodology: I compare these cities using case studies constructed through fieldwork and interviews with security officials, NGO and social leaders, and former members of groups, drawing on my long-term, ongoing research engagement in both locations. Conclusions: The contrast between these cities exemplifies varied manifestations of post-conflict criminality. I argue that this variation in criminal governance is connected to the wartime balance of power, specifically, the level of territorial control and political connections armed groups had before the demobilization. Where control and political connections of paramilitary before demobilization were high, post-conflict crime groups were more likely to engage in governance behaviors. By contrast, disputed territories during wartime were likely to experience less criminal governance. Drawing on path dependence ideas, I introduce an overlooked mechanism through which wartime orders affect criminal behavior: learning processes inside and outside criminal groups. Originality: I show that to fully understand post-conflict criminality, it is crucial to consider armed actors peripherally involved in the war but essential for territorial control, whereas to understand criminal governance, the mid-ranks of armed groups and learning processes are crucial

Objective/context: After the paramilitary demobilization in Colombia, Cali and Medellín-major cities with a long history of political and criminal violence-saw a decline in violence despite the continuing operation of criminal groups. Yet, while Cali remained more violent than the national average, with criminal groups displaying less ability to regulate local affairs and security, Medellín became less violent than the national average and criminal groups engaged in more intensive governance. Methodology: I compare these cities using case studies constructed through fieldwork and interviews with security officials, NGO and social leaders, and former members of groups, drawing on my long-term, ongoing research engagement in both locations. Conclusions: The contrast between these cities exemplifies varied manifestations of post-conflict criminality. I argue that this variation in criminal governance is connected to the wartime balance of power, specifically, the level of territorial control and political connections armed groups had before the demobilization. Where control and political connections of paramilitary before demobilization were high, post-conflict crime groups were more likely to engage in governance behaviors. By contrast, disputed territories during wartime were likely to experience less criminal governance. Drawing on path dependence ideas, I introduce an overlooked mechanism through which wartime orders affect criminal behavior: learning processes inside and outside criminal groups. Originality: I show that to fully understand post-conflict criminality, it is crucial to consider armed actors peripherally involved in the war but essential for territorial control, whereas to understand criminal governance, the mid-ranks of armed groups and learning processes are crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Archivo histórico de Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales, 2000/2001.

RESUMO: Tendo como fio condutor as intuições e a mensagem da Conferência de Medellín (1968) – fato histórico e teológico –, este ensaio visualiza a emergência de uma nova consciência na América Latina, a recepção do Concilio Vaticano II, a proposta libertadora da Teologia da Libertação para finalizar refletindo sobre a fé e razão a serviço dos pobres. Dinâmica que possibilitou a emergência dos pobres no pensamento e na práxis católica latino-americana. Palavras-chave: Pobre; Teologia da Libertação; Medellín; Fé e Razão. ABSTRACT: Liberation Theology: Faith and Reason under the Poverty Perspective Having as its guiding line the intuitions and the message of the Medellin Conference (1968) – an historical and theological fact - this essay evaluates the emergence of a new consciousness in Latin America, the reception of the Second Vatican Council, the liberating proposal of Liberation Theology, and finallay reflects on the faith and reason at the service of the poor. This dynamics allowed the emergence of the poor in the Catholic Latin-American thought and praxis. Keywords: Poor; Liberation Theology; Medellin; Faith and Reason.

Familias en Acción es un programa estatal implementado por más de 20 años en Colombia, sustentado en el interés por contribuir a la superación de la pobreza; esta investigación se propone comprender cómo la ejecución de este programa es percibida por los habitantes de la Comuna 1 de Medellín en relación con el objetivo. Para esto, se utilizó una metodología cualitativa que incluyó grupos focales con mujeres beneficiarias del programa, entrevistas con líderes sociales y representantes estatales cuyos resultados indican que, si bien se reconoce como un alivio económico y se identifican aportes en la disminución de la desnutrición infantil y aumento de la permanencia escolar; no se considera suficiente para reducir la pobreza, en la que relacionan multiplicidad de factores, como la educación, oportunidades laborales, la violencia; entre otros.

En el presente artículo se pregunta hasta qué punto el periodo comprendido entre 1980 y 2012 constituyó una disputa por clasificar a los habitantes de las laderas de la ciudad de Medellín. Se hace partiendo del postulado de la denominada Nueva Historia Cultural, según el cual las representaciones son también formas de producción del mundo social y, metodológicamente, se basa en la consulta y análisis de fuente primaria escrita como prensa oficial, prensa comunitaria y literatura. Como resultado, se constatan dos periodos de auge representacional profundamente influenciados por los procesos históricos del momento: uno de interés por los nuevos actores ilegales que ocupaban el territorio —y que acabó generando una estigmatización sobre toda su población— comprendido entre las décadas de 1980 y 1990 y en el cual la zona Nororiental ocuparía un lugar central; y otro que pone a las víctimas como centro del relato, que da inicio con la llegada del nuevo milenio, y en el cual la Comuna 13 sería protagonista.

«Imagen y difunto es un libro que invita a reflexionar sobre las expresiones y concepciones relativas a la muerte vistas a través de la fotografía post mortem o de difuntos en algunos grupos de la sociedad en Medellín a finales del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del siglo XX, bajo la mirada de los hermanos Horacio Marino y Luis Rodríguez Márquez y Benjamín de la Calle, quienes desarrollaron su oficio durante la llamada “Edad de oro” de la fotografía. Para desarrollar la investigación, la autora planteó como objetivo principal la reconstrucción e interpretación de la producción y circulación de la fotografía mortuoria dentro de ciertos sectores de la sociedad medellinense».

This research article gives an account of the processes of cultural identity formation and aesthetic representation in Barbacoas, a sector in the center of Medellín (Colombia). This space is characterized by the convergence of forms of exclusion that generate adverse conditions for its inhabitants such as sexual, economic, political and social segregation. An analysis of the conditions of aesthetic expression is carried out, for which the autoethnographic method is used based on the participant observation technique. Collaborative artistic exercises are also carried out in context with the various actors who are part of Barbacoas. As a result, detailed characterizations of identity formation and aesthetic expression are obtained that allow inhabitants not only to survive and survive, but also to create social groups. Despite being on the margins of the implementation of public policies, these groups enable their members to build heterogeneous cultural representations and symbolic systems that are meaningful to themselves.

This research article correlates the score of the state secondary education exam, Saber 11°, of rural students from Medellín (Colombia), and variables such as gender, economic situation, computer ownership, Internet at home and educational level of the parents. In order to formulate a proposal, student records from 13 educational institutions were analyzed. Quantitative analysis of secondary data was used as a research method, with the support of a registration form as an instrument. It was found that the variables are associated with the score on the Saber 11 test. The need to adapt the rural educational model of Medellín is concluded based on lines of action that consider these variables.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The purpose of this research was to gather the perspective of 256 young people from Comuna 13 in the city of Medellín regarding their perception of the legitimacy that criminal organizations have achieved in exercising violence and establishing territorial order in the city. Methodology: The process was divided into two phases. The first involved analyzing the State's main theories to understand its unity without competing with other armed organizations for territorial hegemony. The second phase focused on analyzing the perspective of the youth in Comuna 13 regarding the legitimacy of violence that many of these organizations have acquired, especially in the first 10 years of the 21st century. Results: In the case of the city of Medellin, a brief review was made of the background of violence and territorial domination. This review spanned from the beginnings of the Medellin Cartel in the 1980s, through the expansion of paramilitarism, to the consolidation of the different criminal organizations that operate in the city. These organizations dominate "security" in the neighborhoods and, in turn, are the cause of extortion, homicides, microtrafficking of weapons, drugs, people, and forced displacement of the civilian population. Conclusions: Currently, the city of Medellin, as well as many municipalities in Colombia, have a serious problem of legitimacy in exercising control and security processes over neighborhoods, communities, or districts (depending on the city). This should lead to the rethinking of public security policies and the consideration of the idea of quadrants in the case of police action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Música, Artes Visuales y Artes Escénicas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jangwa Pana is the property of Revista Jangwa Pana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario Turismo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Empresas Turísticas y Hoteleras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How do women live in violent urban neighbourhoods? Recent studies have shown that women have a capacity for action in urban neighbourhoods characterized by violence due to the presence and activities of criminal groups (Hume, 2009; Tickner et al., 2020; Wilding, 2010). This article contributes to this ongoing discussion by examining women community leaders’ work in low-income, gang-controlled urban neighbourhoods in Medellín, Colombia. The article shows that women community leaders’ work is based on care practices, understood as activities to improve the quality of life and live ‘the best way possible’ (Tronto 1993, p. 101) in the neighbourhood. Women community leaders’ care practices, I argue, influence the access and/or use of the built environment in violent urban neighbourhoods. Their practices transform socio-spatial relations and establish an alternative way of navigating the built environment of their neighbourhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the case of an undergraduate graphic design course taught in a Colombian private university, this article focuses on ways of teaching memory – historical, collective, cultural and individual. The authors emphasize the importance of the critical and socially responsible approach in education. Drawn from critical pedagogies and affective memory studies, the authors discuss the journey of the students of rediscovering alternative realities of their city and country and learning to acknowledge the complexity of memory and multiple forms of its mediation in a socially fragmented post-conflict society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslides are often deadly natural events. Steep slopes and certain loose soil types are predestined areas for them. Moreover, in the context of climate change, extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall, which often trigger landslides, are becoming even more likely. While all this is well known, it, therefore, stands to reason that this knowledge will lead to the avoidance of these risks. On the other hand, however, there are highly dynamic urbanization processes that often overtake formal urban planning processes by rising population figures and areal expansion. In the course of these processes, economically deprived population groups often have no other option than to informally build on high-risk areas. Against these backgrounds, we systematically examine in this study how these risks develop over a 24-year period from 1994 to 2018 taking into account three time steps, with respect to the citywide exposure and in particular with respect to different social groups. For this purpose, we use heterogeneous input data from remote sensing, landslide hazard maps, and census data. Our case study is the city of Medellín in Colombia. We develop and apply a set of methods integrating the heterogenous data sets to map, quantify and monitor exposure and social vulnerability at a fine spatial granularity. Our results document first of all the highly dynamic growth in total population and urban areas. However, our results reveal that the city's expansion is socially unevenly distributed. People of higher vulnerability proxied by informal settlements are found to settle in considerably higher shares of areas exposed to landslides. This study proposes a methodological setup that allows for monitoring exposure and social vulnerability over long time spans at a fine spatial resolution, allows to bring inequality into the spotlight, and provides decision-makers with better information to develop socially responsible policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los estudios de vigilancia y los estudios de Ciencia y Tecnología han hecho importantes propuestas empíricas y conceptuales para el estudio de los ensamblados de vigilancia. Las cámaras de vigilancia se han propuesto como solución a los problemas de criminalidad en el mundo, y a pesar de múltiples estudios en que se pone en entredicho su efectividad, continúan siendo centrales en los discursos de los políticos a la hora de promover seguridad. Gran parte de los estudios sobre los CCTV en América Latina y especialmente en Colombia, se centran precisamente en entender o evaluar su efectividad y en analizar las consecuencias para el espacio y los ciudadanos. En este artículo se presenta la trayectoria del ensamblado de seguridad en Medellín, se hace énfasis en la trayectoria del mismo, y en lo que Schneier denomina como teatro de la vigilancia. El presente artículo presenta un caso de dicho teatro y presenta evidencias para ejemplificar el mismo. El trabajo es resultado de una investigación de documental, tanto en archivos como en medios noticiosos. El análisis de estos documentos permitió identificar las instancias en que el teatro de la vigilancia se ejecuta, a la vez que se establecen discursos y tecnologías que se soportan mutuamente. Se concluye con una reflexión acerca de la importancia de entender las trayectorias tecnológicas de dichos sistemas para identificar posibles alternativas al problema de la seguridad.

El nivel de satisfacción de un turista con el destino visitado y su intención de volver a visitarlo se asumen como dependientes de su experiencia previa con el lugar. Para observar esta perspectiva relacional, se utilizó un conjunto de datos de 386 turistas que visitaron la ciudad de Mede­llín (Colombia) durante el año 2018. Para predecir la variable de volver a visitar la ciudad y la satisfacción con el destino, se usaron las variables consideradas de empuje (push) y aquellas que halan (pull) al turista. Se estimaron cuatro modelos de aprendizaje estadístico para la clasificación de los turistas: regresión logística, árboles aleatorios, máquinas de soporte vectorial y el conjunto de aumento de gradiente extremo. Las variables más importantes en las estimaciones de la satisfacción fueron ‘hablar sobre una experiencia de viaje en el futuro’ e ‘ir a lugares que mis amigos no han visitado’; y para volver a visitar la ciudad fueron ‘visitar lugares históricos’ y ‘viajar a bajos precios’.

Ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) are associated with deterioration in dietary quality and the development of chronic diseases. The NOVA score, developed in Brazil to assess UPF consumption quickly and inexpensively, is adapted and validated here using a sample of 203 young women from Medellín, Colombia. Food consumption was evaluated using 24‐hour dietary recall and with the NOVA‐UPF score. Food items were classified using the NOVA categories. The energy consumed from UPFs and its percentage of the total energy consumed was estimated. The association between the NOVA‐UPF score and the percentage of energy from UPF (%UPF/E) was evaluated. Both variables were categorized into quintiles and concordance was estimated using prevalence and bias‐adjusted kappa (PABAK). A regression model was used to assess the association between the NOVA‐UPF score and critical nutrients. The mean NOVA‐UPF score among study participants was 4.5, with 27% of the total energy they consumed coming from UPFs. There was a positive, linear association between the NOVA‐UPF score and %UPF/E (p < 0.001) and substantial agreement (PABAK = 0.75) in the classification of participants between UPF energy quintiles and NOVA‐UPF score quintiles. The NOVA‐UPF score was positively and significantly associated with sodium, total fat, and saturated fat intake. We conclude that the adapted NOVA‐UPF score may help monitor the consumption of UPFs among young women in Medellín. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to understanding the potential for localised knowledge creation that can be generated by multinational enterprise (MNE) entry into cities in the global South from both the MNE and the local economy's perspectives. It presents a qualitative analysis of the activities of the MNE subsidiaries in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in an emerging investment hub in Medellín, Colombia. The analysis differentiates between the MNEs' local strategies to explore distinct configurations of MNE–local economy relations and their potential for unilateral or mutually beneficial knowledge creation. The findings suggest that the synergy between the MNE strategies and the evolving knowledge environment in the local economy increases the potential of the MNEs' activities for interactive and mutually beneficial knowledge and capability creation with other local stakeholders. In Medellín, these effects predominantly concerned the market-seeking MNEs, not those seeking strategic assets, as expected by evidence in the literature. They also revealed how the specific MNE strategies tended to use and influence the creation of local knowledge resources, which helps shape policies that indiscriminately aim to attract all kinds of knowledge-intensive MNE activities to emerging investment hubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Politicos (01215167) is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents an assessment of the sustainability of private urban transportation in the city of Medellin, Colombia. A dynamic systems model is constructed that integrates sustainability indicators in the social, economic, and environmental spheres. The results show that policies based on restrictions or prohibitions do not achieve significant progress, while financial policies can reduce the need to use private vehicles and achieve a sustainable diversification of transportation modes. However, it is observed that an increase in the vehicle fleet can generate problems such as higher carbon emissions, deterioration of air quality, and an increase in diseases in the population. In conclusion, the importance of flexible policies in the purchase of private vehicles to achieve sustainability in urban transportation is highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

En la ciudad de Medellín, en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia, se atienden numerosos grupos socioeducativos vulnerables. En este contexto, se ha observado que se espera de estudiantes, docentes y otros miembros de las comunidades la adopción permanente, de una postura resiliente ante las condiciones marcadas por la adversidad. Para estudiar este fenómeno, se presenta en este artículo una revisión documental sobre el término resiliencia y su recurrencia en diversos proyectos educativos. Se revisa el concepto de resiliencia y su incidencia en la educación para, posteriormente, reflexionar sobre la necesidad de abandonar la naturalización del desamparo y proponer un camino de resistencia dentro de la escuela, en el aprendizaje de la lucha por los derechos. Finalmente, se incentiva a la conformación de un sujeto político, que pueda adoptar una postura activa, con el propósito de dirigir la atención hacia acciones que logren cambiar la lógica impuesta de vivir en infortunio. RESILIENCE IN THE EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT OF THE CITY OF MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA Abstract In the city of Medellín, in the department of Antioquia, Colombia, numerous vulnerable socio-educational groups are served. In this context, it has been observed that students, teachers and other members of the communities are expected to permanently adopt a resilient posture in the face of conditions marked by adversity. To study this phenomenon, this article presents a documentary review on the term resilience and its recurrence in various educational projects. The concept of resilience and its impact on education are reviewed to later reflect on the need to abandon the naturalization of homelessness and propose a path of resistance within the school, in learning to fight for rights. Finally, the formation of a political subject is encouraged, who can adopt an active stance, with the purpose of directing attention to actions that manage to change the imposed logic of living in misfortune. Keywords: resilience, educational context, Medellín, political subject

Tras la entrada de Colombia en los circuitos mundiales del turismo, el ejemplo de la ciudad de Medellín se ha convertido en un caso paradigmático de cambios en la imagen y la idea de ciudad a través del marketing urbano. En este contexto, el presente estudio se ha centrado en la utilización de la imagen femenina como polo de atracción de turistas y exportación del producto urbano. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal abordar el uso sistemático de la imagen femenina como recurso publicitario en la promoción de la ciudad de Medellín. A nivel metodológico, fue utilizado el ángulo cualitativo de las políticas afectivas de la imagen y su influencia en la construcción de imaginarios urbanos. Para ello fue elaborado y examinado un corpus de imágenes, discursos y datos recabados a través del trabajo de campo y la búsqueda virtual en redes sociales, foros, periódicos digitales o páginas web asociadas al turismo. Los resultados obtenidos revelan datos esclarecedores sobre la existencia de dos estrategias básicas en el marketing urbano de Medellín: feminización y sexualización urbana. Ambas han tenido un importante coste social, desencadenando consecuencias preocupantes respecto a la situación de vulnerabilidad y violencia urbana a la que han llevado a las mujeres de la ciudad.

Se han presentado transformaciones del sistema internacional y al interior de los Estados que favorecieron una mayor participación de los gobiernos locales en la cooperación internacional al desarrollo. La cooperación descentralizada se sitúa como una herramienta novedosa para impulsar políticas de desarrollo local e insertar a los territorios en la gobernanza global. Por ello, este artículo busca identificar los mecanismos de institucionalización y coordinación multinivel de la cooperación descentralizada de Medellín y Barranquilla. Mediante una revisión documental se encontró que estas administraciones locales han avanzado en sus estrategias de internacionalización y gestión de la cooperación a través de la adecuación de sus marcos normativos, la creación de oficinas de relaciones internacionales, la firma de hermanamientos y la adhesión a redes multilaterales de ciudades. Se reconoce, a su vez, la persistencia de retos en la alineación y coherencia de las políticas de cooperación al desarrollo a nivel local, nacional e internacional.

Problemática. Los emprendimientos económicos se han convertido en eje axial de las políticas laborales y económicas en buena parte del mundo como respuesta a la precariedad laboral y las altas tasas de desempleo en la población joven. La ciudad de Medellín en un esfuerzo por construir ecosistemas propicios para el emprendedurismo ha adelantado estrategias como Ruta N, el programa Cultura E y el Parque del Emprendimiento; iniciativas para promover el emprendimiento juvenil y fortalecer el tejido empresarial local. Objetivo. El propósito de esta investigación fue identificar factores relacionados con la generación de emprendimientos en población joven de la ciudad de Medellín para el periodo 2016–2021, a partir del análisis de 8456 datos suministrados por la Cámara de Comercio de Medellín. Materiales y métodos Estudio de tipo transversal retrospectivo con alcance analítico y fuente de información secundaria Resultados. La investigación evidenció que los emprendimientos formales de los jóvenes de la ciudad se organizan principalmente en microempresas ubicadas en las comunas con mejores condiciones de vida en torno a sectores productivos como comercio, alimentos y servicios; que éstos son mayoritariamente vehiculizados por mujeres e individuos entre los 22 a 25 años, y que la tasa de inactividad empresarial juvenil es del 30% anual. Discusión Los resultados exhortan a pensar las tendencias, dificultades y desajustes asociados al emprendimiento formal juvenil en Medellín. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos permitieron concluir que factores sociodemográficos como la edad, el sexo y la ubciación del emprendimiento están relacionados con la creación de inciaitivas empresariales formales en la población joven de Medellín. Contribución/originalidad la investigación permite una aproximación objetiva a la caracterización y comprensión de los emprendimientos de la población joven y a la evaluación de las políticas locales de emprendedurismo.

The advance of the processes of spatial metropolization has acquired a remarkable magnitude in Medellin and central Antioquia. A dimension little explored, but key in this field, is the social and spatio-temporal praxis of the promoter-builder agents. Therefore, the objective of the article is to identify whether the scales of housing production, as well as the social and spatial scales of developer-builders in the metropolitan region of Medellín during the expansive real estate cycle between 2004 and 2018, suggest dynamics of articulation. Based on trade statistics of housing projects built, the scales of production and social and spatial performance are comparatively analyzed in the three areas by means of descriptive indicators, correlation coefficients and the construction of price isopleths. A tendency towards concentration of developer-constructor capitals was found, which is expressed in a growing integration at a metropolitan regional scale of the different segments of capitalist production of housing, with serious implications in the rapid increase of housing prices and a phenomenon of spatial convergence of these throughout the metropolitan region of Medellin. It concludes on the social and environmental implications of the current configuration of scales of production and social and spatial performance, as well as on evidence pointing to an emerging financialization of housing production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Derecho Penal y Criminologia is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departamento de Derecho Penal y Criminologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fatalities from landslides are rising worldwide, especially in cities in mountainous regions, which often expand into the steep slopes surrounding them. For residents, often those living in poor neighborhoods and informal settlements, integrated landslide early warning systems (LEWS) can be a viable solution, if they are affordable and easily replicable. We developed a LEWS in Medellín, Colombia, which can be applied in such semi-urban situations. All the components of the LEWS, from hazard and risk assessment, to the monitoring system and the reaction capacity, were developed with and supported by all local stakeholders, including local authorities, agencies, NGO's, and especially the local community, in order to build trust. It was well integrated into the social structure of the neighborhood, while still delivering precise and dense deformation and trigger measurements. A prototype was built and installed in a neighborhood in Medellín in 2022, comprising a dense network of line and point measurements and gateways. The first data from the measurement system are now available and allow us to define initial thresholds, while more data are being collected to allow for automatic early warning in the future. All the newly developed knowledge, from sensor hardware and software to installation manuals, has been compiled on a wiki-page, to facilitate replication by people in other parts of the world. According to our experience of the installation, we give recommendations for the implementation of LEWSs in similar areas, which can hopefully stimulate a lively exchange between researchers and other stakeholders who want to use, modify, and replicate our system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Arquitectura (1657-0308) is the property of Universidad Catolica de Columbia, Facultad de Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From the 2000s onwards, Latin American cities São Paulo and Medellín experienced a significant drop in homicidal violence. Considering that the interpretations about this process are not consensual, the purpose of Reduction of Homicides in São Paulo and Medellín: What Does the Literature Say? is to reveal the two main explanatory strands, identified as institutional and criminal. For this, we have conducted a systematic literature review of papers published between 2003 and 2018 investigating the phenomenon's possible triggering factors. On the selection process of publications suitable for the methodological criteria, 66 works were identified, of which 39 refer to São Paulo and 27 to Medellín. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a picture of the political economy of tourism and violence in Medellín. It analyses the way criminal actors and tourism entrepreneurs share a territory, by shedding light on the extortion of tour guides, street performers and business owners in some of its barrios populares (poor neighbourhoods). The main objective is to demonstrate how intimate relationships – between and among kin, friends, long-term acquaintances – impact what is considered the criminal governance of tourism. This contribution shows that extortion in Medellín meets only limited resistance from tourism entrepreneurs. It also emphasises how criminals, tourism actors and tourists themselves contribute to the creation of fragile secured spaces in the developing touristscapes of Colombia's second city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Fomento Social is the property of ETEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este artículo se presenta la metodología aplicada para la medición de la calidad de la participación ciudadana en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. La metodología recoge el punto de encuentro entre la necesidad del Estado y el requerimiento de la ciudadanía para analizar y contribuir a los procesos de participación ciudadana, más allá del conteo de asistentes a los espacios de participación. Desde una perspectiva territorial que incluye relaciones verticales y horizontales entre Estado-ciudadanía, ciudadanía-Estado y ciudadanía-ciudadanía, se construyen tres dimensiones de la participación ciudadana -condiciones territoriales, actores y prácticas, y efectos-, dimensiones que se operan con 29 variables a través del método de análisis por componentes principales ponderados. Los resultados tienen la capacidad de descomponerse por territorios y grupos poblacionales, los cuales pueden ser usados como información que contribuye a la formulación y seguimiento de la política pública de participación ciudadana de Medellín. También sirve como herramienta de evaluación y autorreflexión por parte de la ciudadanía y sus organizaciones. Los resultados para Medellín evidencian valores medios del indicador de la calidad de la participación ciudadana.

La implementación del desarrollo en la ciudad está generando graves afectaciones psicosociales, rupturas familiares y del tejido social, destruye la memoria de las comunidades, atenta contra el sentido mismo de la participación democrática, impacta las redes de subsistencia y economía propia, golpea la credibilidad de los ciudadanos en las instituciones y amplía las brechas de desigualdad en Medellín.

Es evidente el riesgo que afrontan los habitantes de la parte alta de la Comuna 8 de Medellín en lo que corresponde a los movimientos en masa, inundaciones y avenidas torrenciales, que se espera aumenten con el cambio climático. Esta es una realidad que la Administración Distrital no reconoce o reconoce de forma parcial, y ello genera que las comunidades se organicen y trabajen desde la autogestión y el fortalecimiento de lazos comunitarios y capacidades técnicas y políticas bajo el enfoque de la Gestión Comunitaria del Riesgo. Sin embargo para atender dichas problemáticas de una forma integral se requiere de la intervención coordinada del Estado con las comunidades, y se generen acciones para lograr una respuesta real y pronta para hacer frente al escenario de riesgo de desastres en los barrios: Llanaditas, El Faro, Altos de la Torre, Golondrinas y El Pacífico (polígonos Z3_MI_6 y Z3_MIE_3) de la Comuna 8. El texto presenta las diversas amenazas identificadas frente a los escenarios de movimientos en masa, inundaciones y avenidas torrenciales, dando cuenta de sus dinámicas, procesos y detonantes. Posteriormente evalúa la vulnerabilidad desde los ámbitos físico-espacial, socioeconómico y político-administrativo, para finalmente presentar las capacidades comunitarias para la gestión del riesgo, desde lo organizativo, la autogestión y la negociación e incidencia política.

This paper empirically investigates the leadership implications of adopting the European Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) in a non-European context. A multiple case study compares the Latin American regions of Medellín, Colombia, and San Luis Potosí, Mexico. A variety of data collection procedures are used, including in-depth interviews with 33 relevant actors from the triple helix that participated in the S3 design. The paper contributes to the literature by identifying the leadership capabilities that lead to effective S3 in intermediate metropolitan regions, as well as the factors that foster and hinder those leadership capabilities. This paper argues that the leadership roles for S3 include a systemic perspective among a wide range of stakeholders, but also an evolutionary perspective to manage novelty and break path dependencies. Second, it argues that the degree of centralization and institutional context affect regional leadership. Finally, four leadership capabilities are suggested based on both systemic and evolutionary perspectives.

This article reviews the use of water within infrastructure and public space in Medellín (Colombia). It presents projects grouped into three periods in the city’s history: 1) between the 1960s and 1970s, when water was used in ornamental fountains as a complement to road infrastructure; 2) between the 1980s and 1990s, within the construction of the Metro system; and 3) between 2012 and 2015, when Articulated Life Unit projects offered direct interaction with water. It identifies the changes in terms of how water is used that have permeated Medellín’s architecture and urbanism.